taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409087/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409087	Figure 2. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative macromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, extracalicular budding; B, corallite integration; C, corallite centre linkage; D, epitheca. Additional macromorphological character maps are in Appendix S5.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative macromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, extracalicular budding; B, corallite integration; C, corallite centre linkage; D, epitheca. Additional macromorphological character maps are in Appendix S5.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409089/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409089	Figure 3. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative micromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, tooth base; B, tooth tips; C, tooth height; D, granule shape and distribution. Additional micromorphological character maps are in Appendix S6.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative micromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, tooth base; B, tooth tips; C, tooth height; D, granule shape and distribution. Additional micromorphological character maps are in Appendix S6.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409091/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409091	Figure 4. Micromorphological differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). The vertically oriented plates shown in each photo are septa. The projections along their upper margins are teeth, and those across their lateral faces are granules. Clade XXI (A-C) is distinguished by regular blocky teeth with pointed tips, and aligned granules. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by irregular lobate or bulbous teeth with elliptical tooth bases, and rounded granules enveloped by extensive thickening deposits. Clade XVII (G-I) is distinguished by irregular multiaxial teeth with circular bases, and irregular scattered granules. A, XXI, Pseudodiploria strigosa, FA1062, SUI122813, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia braziliensis, YPM9104, Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia sinuosa, FA1014, SUI102757, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Parascolymia vitiensis, USNM91254, Great Palm Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Echinophyllia echinoporoides, FA1023, UF2103, Palau, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, FA1033, USNM100519, Madagascar, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM91305, Malaysia, Redang Island, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, FA1068, UF2143, Palau, Indo-Pacific.	Figure 4. Micromorphological differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). The vertically oriented plates shown in each photo are septa. The projections along their upper margins are teeth, and those across their lateral faces are granules. Clade XXI (A-C) is distinguished by regular blocky teeth with pointed tips, and aligned granules. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by irregular lobate or bulbous teeth with elliptical tooth bases, and rounded granules enveloped by extensive thickening deposits. Clade XVII (G-I) is distinguished by irregular multiaxial teeth with circular bases, and irregular scattered granules. A, XXI, Pseudodiploria strigosa, FA1062, SUI122813, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia braziliensis, YPM9104, Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia sinuosa, FA1014, SUI102757, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Parascolymia vitiensis, USNM91254, Great Palm Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Echinophyllia echinoporoides, FA1023, UF2103, Palau, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, FA1033, USNM100519, Madagascar, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM91305, Malaysia, Redang Island, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, FA1068, UF2143, Palau, Indo-Pacific.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409093/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409093	Figure 5. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative microstructural characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, septotheca; B, paratheca; C, thickening deposits/structure; D, costoseptum centre clusters. Additional microstructural character maps are in Appendix S7.	Figure 5. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative microstructural characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, septotheca; B, paratheca; C, thickening deposits/structure; D, costoseptum centre clusters. Additional microstructural character maps are in Appendix S7.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409095/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409095	Figure 6. Microstructural differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). All photos are of transverse thin sections at the same scale. The radiating linear plates are costosepta, which are connected in different ways to form corallite walls. Clade XXI (A-C) has costoseptal medial lines that are crossed by transverse structures (tc) such as carinae or clusters of calcification centres; corallite walls are predominantly either septothecal (Favia + Diploria + Pseudodiploria + Manicina subgroup) or parathecal. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by well-developed thickening deposits (tk) and parathecal corallite walls, and widely spaced clusters of calcification centres. Clade XVII (G-H) is distinguished by small, closely spaced clusters of calcification centres (cl); wall structures range the gamut, and appear to be diagnostic of genus-level subclades. A, XXI, Favia fragum, FA1065, SUI122816, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia hartti, YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia rigida, FA1009, SUI102752, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Homophyllia australis, USNM85709, Blyth Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Oxypora lacera, USNM93809, Madang, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, UF2051, Palau, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM90627, Philippines, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, USNM83232, Marshall Islands, Indo-Pacific.	Figure 6. Microstructural differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). All photos are of transverse thin sections at the same scale. The radiating linear plates are costosepta, which are connected in different ways to form corallite walls. Clade XXI (A-C) has costoseptal medial lines that are crossed by transverse structures (tc) such as carinae or clusters of calcification centres; corallite walls are predominantly either septothecal (Favia + Diploria + Pseudodiploria + Manicina subgroup) or parathecal. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by well-developed thickening deposits (tk) and parathecal corallite walls, and widely spaced clusters of calcification centres. Clade XVII (G-H) is distinguished by small, closely spaced clusters of calcification centres (cl); wall structures range the gamut, and appear to be diagnostic of genus-level subclades. A, XXI, Favia fragum, FA1065, SUI122816, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia hartti, YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia rigida, FA1009, SUI102752, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Homophyllia australis, USNM85709, Blyth Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Oxypora lacera, USNM93809, Madang, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, UF2051, Palau, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM90627, Philippines, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, USNM83232, Marshall Islands, Indo-Pacific.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409097/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409097	Figure 7. Strict and Adams consensus trees for the morphological phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony) focusing on clades XIX and XXI (analysis 1). Numbers above and below nodes are bootstrap values (> 50) and Bremer support values (> 1), respectively. C.I., consistency index; MPTs, most parsimonious trees; R.I., retention index.	Figure 7. Strict and Adams consensus trees for the morphological phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony) focusing on clades XIX and XXI (analysis 1). Numbers above and below nodes are bootstrap values (> 50) and Bremer support values (> 1), respectively. C.I., consistency index; MPTs, most parsimonious trees; R.I., retention index.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409101/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409101	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409107/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409107	Figure 12. Mussa and Scolymia macromorphology. Mussa and Scolymia have large discrete calices (> 4 cm), and a trabecular columella; however Mussa is colonial (phaceloid) and Scolymia is solitary. Mussa has four complete septal cycles, whereas Scolymia has five. A, B, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102763 (FA1135), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7567, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. D, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7568, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = YPM7569, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. G, H, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); holotype = MNHN-scle20175, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	Figure 12. Mussa and Scolymia macromorphology. Mussa and Scolymia have large discrete calices (> 4 cm), and a trabecular columella; however Mussa is colonial (phaceloid) and Scolymia is solitary. Mussa has four complete septal cycles, whereas Scolymia has five. A, B, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102763 (FA1135), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7567, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. D, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7568, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = YPM7569, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. G, H, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); holotype = MNHN-scle20175, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409115/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409115	Figure 18. Mussa and Scolymia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Both Mussa and Scolymia have high, spine-shaped teeth. Mussa is distinguished by thinner septa, and a distinctively horizontally layered interarea. The columellae of Scolymia have thick, paddle-shaped teeth, in comparison to the thinner platy teeth of Mussa. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM84920, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimens = USNM84940, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica (G, H); SUI102777 (FA1097, SCUB16), Bocas del Toro, Panama (I). J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	Figure 18. Mussa and Scolymia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Both Mussa and Scolymia have high, spine-shaped teeth. Mussa is distinguished by thinner septa, and a distinctively horizontally layered interarea. The columellae of Scolymia have thick, paddle-shaped teeth, in comparison to the thinner platy teeth of Mussa. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM84920, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimens = USNM84940, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica (G, H); SUI102777 (FA1097, SCUB16), Bocas del Toro, Panama (I). J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D24173EE002FCBDD5D0F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409123/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409123	Figure 22. Mussa and Scolymia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Mussa and Scolymia have parathecal walls (w); however, trabeculothecal elements and thickening deposits are better developed in Scolymia. Both genera form well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines. These clusters are more closely spaced in Scolymia. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D-F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM1090899, Bahia Concha, Colombia. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = USNM84939, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	Figure 22. Mussa and Scolymia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Mussa and Scolymia have parathecal walls (w); however, trabeculothecal elements and thickening deposits are better developed in Scolymia. Both genera form well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines. These clusters are more closely spaced in Scolymia. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D-F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM1090899, Bahia Concha, Colombia. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = USNM84939, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D191734E029FA7DD209FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409101/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409101	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D191734E029FA7DD209FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409109/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409109	Figure 13. Isophyllia macromorphology. Isophyllia is distinguished by short, uniserial valleys; coenosteum; and trabecular linkage between centres. The three species differ in number of centres per series, calice width, and number of septa per cm. A, B, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); neotype (designated herein) = SUI102759 (FA1134), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, D, Isophyllia multiflora (Verrill, 1901); holotype = YPM4009, Bermuda. E, F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); holotype = YPM4297, West Indies.	Figure 13. Isophyllia macromorphology. Isophyllia is distinguished by short, uniserial valleys; coenosteum; and trabecular linkage between centres. The three species differ in number of centres per series, calice width, and number of septa per cm. A, B, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); neotype (designated herein) = SUI102759 (FA1134), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, D, Isophyllia multiflora (Verrill, 1901); holotype = YPM4009, Bermuda. E, F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); holotype = YPM4297, West Indies.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D191734E029FA7DD209FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409117/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409117	Figure 19. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have high (> 0.6 mm), widely spaced (1–2 mm), spine-shaped teeth; a horizontally layered interarea of septal teeth; and fine granules on the sides of teeth. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102753 (FA1074), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102769 (FA1006), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 19. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have high (> 0.6 mm), widely spaced (1–2 mm), spine-shaped teeth; a horizontally layered interarea of septal teeth; and fine granules on the sides of teeth. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102753 (FA1074), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102769 (FA1006), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D191734E029FA7DD209FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409125/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409125	Figure 23. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have parathecal walls (w) with trabeculothecal elements, well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines, and reduced thickening deposits. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102752 (FA1009), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102768 (FA1005), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 23. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have parathecal walls (w) with trabeculothecal elements, well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines, and reduced thickening deposits. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102752 (FA1009), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102768 (FA1005), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409101/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409101	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	Figure 9. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Mussinae. A, B, genus Mussa Oken, 1815; Madrepora angulosa Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9035, Lime Cay, Port Royal, Jamaica. C, D, genus Isophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851a; Oulophyllia? spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 [= Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander)]; holotype = MNHN-scle866, unknown locality. E, F, genus Mycetophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849; holotype = MNHN-scle910, unknown locality. G, H, genus Scolymia Haime, 1852; Madrepora lacera Pallas, 1766; neotype (designated herein) = YPM9036, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409111/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409111	Figure 14. Mycetophyllia macromorphology. Mycetophyllia is distinguished by long, uniserial or multiserial valleys (absent in Mycetophyllia reesi); confluent septa; no coenosteum; and lamellar linkage between centres. The five species differ in colony form, especially the structure of valleys and collines. A, B, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102774 (FA1138), Red Buoy, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. C, D, Mycetophyllia aliciae Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53496, The Bull, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Mycetophyllia danaana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = SUI102772 (FA1003), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, Mycetophyllia ferox Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53494, Eaton Hall, Jamaica. I, J, Mycetophyllia reesi Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53493, West Bull, Jamaica.	Figure 14. Mycetophyllia macromorphology. Mycetophyllia is distinguished by long, uniserial or multiserial valleys (absent in Mycetophyllia reesi); confluent septa; no coenosteum; and lamellar linkage between centres. The five species differ in colony form, especially the structure of valleys and collines. A, B, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102774 (FA1138), Red Buoy, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. C, D, Mycetophyllia aliciae Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53496, The Bull, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Mycetophyllia danaana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = SUI102772 (FA1003), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, Mycetophyllia ferox Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53494, Eaton Hall, Jamaica. I, J, Mycetophyllia reesi Wells, 1973; holotype = USNM53493, West Bull, Jamaica.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409117/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409117	Figure 19. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have high (> 0.6 mm), widely spaced (1–2 mm), spine-shaped teeth; a horizontally layered interarea of septal teeth; and fine granules on the sides of teeth. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102753 (FA1074), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102769 (FA1006), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 19. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have high (> 0.6 mm), widely spaced (1–2 mm), spine-shaped teeth; a horizontally layered interarea of septal teeth; and fine granules on the sides of teeth. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102753 (FA1074), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102769 (FA1006), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409125/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409125	Figure 23. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have parathecal walls (w) with trabeculothecal elements, well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines, and reduced thickening deposits. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102752 (FA1009), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102768 (FA1005), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 23. Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Isophyllia and Mycetophyllia have parathecal walls (w) with trabeculothecal elements, well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines, and reduced thickening deposits. A–C, Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI102757 (FA1014), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Isophyllia rigida (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI102752 (FA1009), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mycetophyllia lamarckiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102773 (FA1133), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Mycetophyllia aliciae (Wells, 1973); figured specimen = SUI102768 (FA1005), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Mycetophyllia danaana? (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = SUI102771 (FA1002), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409107/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409107	Figure 12. Mussa and Scolymia macromorphology. Mussa and Scolymia have large discrete calices (> 4 cm), and a trabecular columella; however Mussa is colonial (phaceloid) and Scolymia is solitary. Mussa has four complete septal cycles, whereas Scolymia has five. A, B, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102763 (FA1135), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7567, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. D, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7568, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = YPM7569, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. G, H, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); holotype = MNHN-scle20175, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	Figure 12. Mussa and Scolymia macromorphology. Mussa and Scolymia have large discrete calices (> 4 cm), and a trabecular columella; however Mussa is colonial (phaceloid) and Scolymia is solitary. Mussa has four complete septal cycles, whereas Scolymia has five. A, B, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102763 (FA1135), Key Largo, Florida, USA. C, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7567, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. D, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = YPM7568, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. E, F, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); neotype (designated herein) = YPM7569, Runaway Bay, Jamaica. G, H, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); holotype = MNHN-scle20175, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409115/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409115	Figure 18. Mussa and Scolymia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Both Mussa and Scolymia have high, spine-shaped teeth. Mussa is distinguished by thinner septa, and a distinctively horizontally layered interarea. The columellae of Scolymia have thick, paddle-shaped teeth, in comparison to the thinner platy teeth of Mussa. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM84920, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimens = USNM84940, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica (G, H); SUI102777 (FA1097, SCUB16), Bocas del Toro, Panama (I). J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	Figure 18. Mussa and Scolymia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Both Mussa and Scolymia have high, spine-shaped teeth. Mussa is distinguished by thinner septa, and a distinctively horizontally layered interarea. The columellae of Scolymia have thick, paddle-shaped teeth, in comparison to the thinner platy teeth of Mussa. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM84920, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimens = USNM84940, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica (G, H); SUI102777 (FA1097, SCUB16), Bocas del Toro, Panama (I). J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D13172EE045FBB8D2AAFE6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409123/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409123	Figure 22. Mussa and Scolymia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Mussa and Scolymia have parathecal walls (w); however, trabeculothecal elements and thickening deposits are better developed in Scolymia. Both genera form well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines. These clusters are more closely spaced in Scolymia. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D-F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM1090899, Bahia Concha, Colombia. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = USNM84939, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	Figure 22. Mussa and Scolymia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, close-up of clusters. Both Mussa and Scolymia have parathecal walls (w); however, trabeculothecal elements and thickening deposits are better developed in Scolymia. Both genera form well-developed clusters of calcification centres (c) that cross medial lines. These clusters are more closely spaced in Scolymia. A–C, Mussa angulosa (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = SUI102761 (FA1012), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D-F, Scolymia lacera (Pallas, 1766); figured specimen = USNM1090899, Bahia Concha, Colombia. G–I, Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849); figured specimen = USNM84939, Maria Buena Bay, Jamaica. J–L, Scolymia wellsi (Laborel, 1967); figured specimen = USNM84926, Angel Reef, Tobago.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409087/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409087	Figure 2. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative macromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, extracalicular budding; B, corallite integration; C, corallite centre linkage; D, epitheca. Additional macromorphological character maps are in Appendix S5.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative macromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, extracalicular budding; B, corallite integration; C, corallite centre linkage; D, epitheca. Additional macromorphological character maps are in Appendix S5.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409089/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409089	Figure 3. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative micromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, tooth base; B, tooth tips; C, tooth height; D, granule shape and distribution. Additional micromorphological character maps are in Appendix S6.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative micromorphological characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, tooth base; B, tooth tips; C, tooth height; D, granule shape and distribution. Additional micromorphological character maps are in Appendix S6.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409091/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409091	Figure 4. Micromorphological differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). The vertically oriented plates shown in each photo are septa. The projections along their upper margins are teeth, and those across their lateral faces are granules. Clade XXI (A-C) is distinguished by regular blocky teeth with pointed tips, and aligned granules. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by irregular lobate or bulbous teeth with elliptical tooth bases, and rounded granules enveloped by extensive thickening deposits. Clade XVII (G-I) is distinguished by irregular multiaxial teeth with circular bases, and irregular scattered granules. A, XXI, Pseudodiploria strigosa, FA1062, SUI122813, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia braziliensis, YPM9104, Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia sinuosa, FA1014, SUI102757, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Parascolymia vitiensis, USNM91254, Great Palm Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Echinophyllia echinoporoides, FA1023, UF2103, Palau, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, FA1033, USNM100519, Madagascar, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM91305, Malaysia, Redang Island, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, FA1068, UF2143, Palau, Indo-Pacific.	Figure 4. Micromorphological differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). The vertically oriented plates shown in each photo are septa. The projections along their upper margins are teeth, and those across their lateral faces are granules. Clade XXI (A-C) is distinguished by regular blocky teeth with pointed tips, and aligned granules. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by irregular lobate or bulbous teeth with elliptical tooth bases, and rounded granules enveloped by extensive thickening deposits. Clade XVII (G-I) is distinguished by irregular multiaxial teeth with circular bases, and irregular scattered granules. A, XXI, Pseudodiploria strigosa, FA1062, SUI122813, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia braziliensis, YPM9104, Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia sinuosa, FA1014, SUI102757, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Parascolymia vitiensis, USNM91254, Great Palm Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Echinophyllia echinoporoides, FA1023, UF2103, Palau, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, FA1033, USNM100519, Madagascar, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM91305, Malaysia, Redang Island, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, FA1068, UF2143, Palau, Indo-Pacific.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409093/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409093	Figure 5. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative microstructural characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, septotheca; B, paratheca; C, thickening deposits/structure; D, costoseptum centre clusters. Additional microstructural character maps are in Appendix S7.	Figure 5. Phylogenetic character mapping of representative microstructural characters on a subset (clades XV to XXI) of the molecular tree of Fukami et al. (2008). Clade XV is composed of Diploastrea heliopora, and clade XVI is composed of Montastraea cavernosa; clades XVII to XXI are indicated. Ancestral states have been reconstructed using parsimony and calculated using MESQUITE v. 2.72 (Maddison & Maddison, 2009); equivocal branches are indicated in grey. Character states are given in Table 3. A, septotheca; B, paratheca; C, thickening deposits/structure; D, costoseptum centre clusters. Additional microstructural character maps are in Appendix S7.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409095/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409095	Figure 6. Microstructural differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). All photos are of transverse thin sections at the same scale. The radiating linear plates are costosepta, which are connected in different ways to form corallite walls. Clade XXI (A-C) has costoseptal medial lines that are crossed by transverse structures (tc) such as carinae or clusters of calcification centres; corallite walls are predominantly either septothecal (Favia + Diploria + Pseudodiploria + Manicina subgroup) or parathecal. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by well-developed thickening deposits (tk) and parathecal corallite walls, and widely spaced clusters of calcification centres. Clade XVII (G-H) is distinguished by small, closely spaced clusters of calcification centres (cl); wall structures range the gamut, and appear to be diagnostic of genus-level subclades. A, XXI, Favia fragum, FA1065, SUI122816, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia hartti, YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia rigida, FA1009, SUI102752, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Homophyllia australis, USNM85709, Blyth Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Oxypora lacera, USNM93809, Madang, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, UF2051, Palau, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM90627, Philippines, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, USNM83232, Marshall Islands, Indo-Pacific.	Figure 6. Microstructural differences amongst the three major clades (XXI, XIX, XVII). All photos are of transverse thin sections at the same scale. The radiating linear plates are costosepta, which are connected in different ways to form corallite walls. Clade XXI (A-C) has costoseptal medial lines that are crossed by transverse structures (tc) such as carinae or clusters of calcification centres; corallite walls are predominantly either septothecal (Favia + Diploria + Pseudodiploria + Manicina subgroup) or parathecal. Clade XIX (D-F) is distinguished by well-developed thickening deposits (tk) and parathecal corallite walls, and widely spaced clusters of calcification centres. Clade XVII (G-H) is distinguished by small, closely spaced clusters of calcification centres (cl); wall structures range the gamut, and appear to be diagnostic of genus-level subclades. A, XXI, Favia fragum, FA1065, SUI122816, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. B, XXI, Mussismilia hartti, YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Brazil, Atlantic. C, XXI, Isophyllia rigida, FA1009, SUI102752, Bocas del Toro, Panama, Atlantic. D, XIX, Lobophyllia pachysepta, USNM45515, Murray Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. E, XIX, Homophyllia australis, USNM85709, Blyth Island, Australia, Indo-Pacific. F, XIX, Oxypora lacera, USNM93809, Madang, Papua New Guinea, Indo-Pacific. G, XVII, Merulina ampliata, UF2051, Palau, Indo-Pacific. H, XVII, Favites halicora, USNM90627, Philippines, Indo-Pacific. I, XVII, Hydnophora exesa, USNM83232, Marshall Islands, Indo-Pacific.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409097/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409097	Figure 7. Strict and Adams consensus trees for the morphological phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony) focusing on clades XIX and XXI (analysis 1). Numbers above and below nodes are bootstrap values (> 50) and Bremer support values (> 1), respectively. C.I., consistency index; MPTs, most parsimonious trees; R.I., retention index.	Figure 7. Strict and Adams consensus trees for the morphological phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony) focusing on clades XIX and XXI (analysis 1). Numbers above and below nodes are bootstrap values (> 50) and Bremer support values (> 1), respectively. C.I., consistency index; MPTs, most parsimonious trees; R.I., retention index.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409103/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409103	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409119/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409119	Figure 20. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. The interarea of teeth is smooth, and granules are spiked and aligned. Teeth in different septal cycles differ slightly in Favia, but are equal in Diploria and Pseudodiploria. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4518, Rio Grande Do Norte State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimens = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama (J, K); SUI122815 (FA1103), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (L). M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 20. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. The interarea of teeth is smooth, and granules are spiked and aligned. Teeth in different septal cycles differ slightly in Favia, but are equal in Diploria and Pseudodiploria. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4518, Rio Grande Do Norte State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimens = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama (J, K); SUI122815 (FA1103), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (L). M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D091729E00AFDB0D2B5F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409127/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409127	Figure 24. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, whole corallite; middle column, wall; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria all have septothecal walls (w). In Pseudodiploria, there are also trabeculothecal components, and Pseudodiploria strigosa has abortive septa. Clusters of calcification centres (c) are well defined in Favia, moderately well defined in Diploria, and weak in Pseudodiploria; however, Pseudodiploria has better defined medial lines. Carinae are well developed in Favia, but not in the other two genera; thickening deposits are moderately developed in all three genera. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9085, Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 24. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, whole corallite; middle column, wall; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria all have septothecal walls (w). In Pseudodiploria, there are also trabeculothecal components, and Pseudodiploria strigosa has abortive septa. Clusters of calcification centres (c) are well defined in Favia, moderately well defined in Diploria, and weak in Pseudodiploria; however, Pseudodiploria has better defined medial lines. Carinae are well developed in Favia, but not in the other two genera; thickening deposits are moderately developed in all three genera. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9085, Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D0E172BE028F900D34FF8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409103/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409103	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D0E172BE028F900D34FF8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409121/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409121	Figure 21. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. Tooth height is low (<0.3 mm) in Colpophyllia and Manicina, and medium to high (> 0.3 mm) in Mussismilia. The interarea of teeth is smooth in Manicina but horizontally banded in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia. Granules are spiked and aligned. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimens = SUI122804 (FA1100) Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A); SUI122802 (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122824 (FA1107), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = SUI99645 (FA1029), Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil (M); YPM9087, Lixa Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. (N, O).	Figure 21. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. Tooth height is low (<0.3 mm) in Colpophyllia and Manicina, and medium to high (> 0.3 mm) in Mussismilia. The interarea of teeth is smooth in Manicina but horizontally banded in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia. Granules are spiked and aligned. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimens = SUI122804 (FA1100) Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A); SUI122802 (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122824 (FA1107), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = SUI99645 (FA1029), Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil (M); YPM9087, Lixa Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. (N, O).	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D0E172BE028F900D34FF8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409129/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409129	Figure 25. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, corallite interior; right column, close-up of septa. Corallite walls (w) in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia are parathecal; whereas in Manicina they are septothecal with trabeculothecal elements. Trabeculothecal elements are also present in Mussismilia braziliensis and to a lesser extent in Mussismilia leptophylla. Moderately well-defined costoseptal medial lines (m) and well-developed carinae (cr) occur in all three genera. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimen = SUI122802 (FA (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (A); SUI122804 (FA1100, J115), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122822 (FA1067), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	Figure 25. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, corallite interior; right column, close-up of septa. Corallite walls (w) in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia are parathecal; whereas in Manicina they are septothecal with trabeculothecal elements. Trabeculothecal elements are also present in Mussismilia braziliensis and to a lesser extent in Mussismilia leptophylla. Moderately well-defined costoseptal medial lines (m) and well-developed carinae (cr) occur in all three genera. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimen = SUI122802 (FA (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (A); SUI122804 (FA1100, J115), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122822 (FA1067), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409103/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409103	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	Figure 10. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A–D, genus Favia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857; Madrepora fragum Esper, 1795; neotype (C, D, designated herein) = MNHN-scle560, Haiti. E, F, genus Colpophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina gyrosa de Lamarck, 1816 [= Madrepora natans Houttuyn, 1772]; neotype (designated herein) = SUI130588 (Carlon #828), Crawl Cay, Bocas del Toro, Panama. G, H, genus Diploria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; Meandrina cerebriformis de Lamarck, 1816; holotype = MNHN-scle102, unknown locality.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409119/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409119	Figure 20. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. The interarea of teeth is smooth, and granules are spiked and aligned. Teeth in different septal cycles differ slightly in Favia, but are equal in Diploria and Pseudodiploria. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4518, Rio Grande Do Norte State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimens = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama (J, K); SUI122815 (FA1103), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (L). M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 20. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. The interarea of teeth is smooth, and granules are spiked and aligned. Teeth in different septal cycles differ slightly in Favia, but are equal in Diploria and Pseudodiploria. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4518, Rio Grande Do Norte State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimens = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama (J, K); SUI122815 (FA1103), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (L). M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409127/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409127	Figure 24. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, whole corallite; middle column, wall; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria all have septothecal walls (w). In Pseudodiploria, there are also trabeculothecal components, and Pseudodiploria strigosa has abortive septa. Clusters of calcification centres (c) are well defined in Favia, moderately well defined in Diploria, and weak in Pseudodiploria; however, Pseudodiploria has better defined medial lines. Carinae are well developed in Favia, but not in the other two genera; thickening deposits are moderately developed in all three genera. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9085, Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	Figure 24. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, whole corallite; middle column, wall; right column, columella. Favia, Diploria, and Pseudodiploria all have septothecal walls (w). In Pseudodiploria, there are also trabeculothecal components, and Pseudodiploria strigosa has abortive septa. Clusters of calcification centres (c) are well defined in Favia, moderately well defined in Diploria, and weak in Pseudodiploria; however, Pseudodiploria has better defined medial lines. Carinae are well developed in Favia, but not in the other two genera; thickening deposits are moderately developed in all three genera. A–C, Favia fragum (Esper, 1795); figured specimen = SUI122816 (FA1065), Bocas del Toro, Panama. D–F, Favia gravida (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9085, Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil. G–I, Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122810 (FA1061), Bocas del Toro, Panama. J–L, Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846); figured specimen = SUI122813 (FA1062), Bocas del Toro, Panama. M–O, Pseudodiploria clivosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786); figured specimen = SUI122807 (FA1060), Bocas del Toro, Panama.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409105/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409105	Figure 11. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A, B, genus Manicina Ehrenberg, 1834; Madrepora areolata Linnaeus, 1758; neotype (designated herein) = ZMB-Cni673, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. C–F, genus Mussismilia Ortmann, 1890; Mussa harttii Verrill, 1868; lectotype in two pieces (designated herein) = YPM1468a, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. G, H, genus Pseudodiploria Fukami, Budd & Knowlton, new genus; Meandrina strigosa Dana, 1846; holotype = USNM00005, West Indies.	Figure 11. Type specimens of type species of genera in the subfamily Faviinae. A, B, genus Manicina Ehrenberg, 1834; Madrepora areolata Linnaeus, 1758; neotype (designated herein) = ZMB-Cni673, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. C–F, genus Mussismilia Ortmann, 1890; Mussa harttii Verrill, 1868; lectotype in two pieces (designated herein) = YPM1468a, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. G, H, genus Pseudodiploria Fukami, Budd & Knowlton, new genus; Meandrina strigosa Dana, 1846; holotype = USNM00005, West Indies.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409121/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409121	Figure 21. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. Tooth height is low (<0.3 mm) in Colpophyllia and Manicina, and medium to high (> 0.3 mm) in Mussismilia. The interarea of teeth is smooth in Manicina but horizontally banded in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia. Granules are spiked and aligned. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimens = SUI122804 (FA1100) Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A); SUI122802 (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122824 (FA1107), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = SUI99645 (FA1029), Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil (M); YPM9087, Lixa Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. (N, O).	Figure 21. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy): left column, wall; middle column, mid-septum; right column, columella. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia have paddle-shaped to tricorne teeth with elliptical bases orientated perpendicular to the septal plane. Tooth height is low (<0.3 mm) in Colpophyllia and Manicina, and medium to high (> 0.3 mm) in Mussismilia. The interarea of teeth is smooth in Manicina but horizontally banded in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia. Granules are spiked and aligned. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimens = SUI122804 (FA1100) Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A); SUI122802 (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122824 (FA1107), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = SUI99645 (FA1029), Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil (M); YPM9087, Lixa Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. (N, O).	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409129/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409129	Figure 25. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, corallite interior; right column, close-up of septa. Corallite walls (w) in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia are parathecal; whereas in Manicina they are septothecal with trabeculothecal elements. Trabeculothecal elements are also present in Mussismilia braziliensis and to a lesser extent in Mussismilia leptophylla. Moderately well-defined costoseptal medial lines (m) and well-developed carinae (cr) occur in all three genera. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimen = SUI122802 (FA (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (A); SUI122804 (FA1100, J115), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122822 (FA1067), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	Figure 25. Colpophyllia, Manicina, and Mussismilia microstructure (transverse thin section): left column, wall; middle column, corallite interior; right column, close-up of septa. Corallite walls (w) in Colpophyllia and Mussismilia are parathecal; whereas in Manicina they are septothecal with trabeculothecal elements. Trabeculothecal elements are also present in Mussismilia braziliensis and to a lesser extent in Mussismilia leptophylla. Moderately well-defined costoseptal medial lines (m) and well-developed carinae (cr) occur in all three genera. A–C, Colpophyllia natans (Houttuyn, 1772); figured specimen = SUI122802 (FA (FA1071), Bocas del Toro, Panama (A); SUI122804 (FA1100, J115), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (B, C). D–F, Manicina areolata (Linnaeus, 1758); figured specimen = SUI122822 (FA1067), Bocas del Toro, Panama. G–I, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. J–L, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM9104, Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. M–O, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
B26DA91C6D031727E3F8FF71D51AF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5409113/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5409113	Figure 17. Mussismilia macromorphology. Mussismilia is phaceloid or subplocoid (one to three centres), with a distinctive double wall when coenosteum is present. The columella is continuous with trabecular linkage between centres. Species of Mussismilia differ in colony form and calice size. A, B, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. C, D, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1467, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. E, F, Mussismilia hispida (Verrill, 1901); holotype = YPM4287, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. G, H, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	Figure 17. Mussismilia macromorphology. Mussismilia is phaceloid or subplocoid (one to three centres), with a distinctive double wall when coenosteum is present. The columella is continuous with trabecular linkage between centres. Species of Mussismilia differ in colony form and calice size. A, B, Mussismilia hartti (Verrill, 1868); figured specimen = YPM4516, Maria Farinha, Pernambuco, Brazil. C, D, Mussismilia braziliensis (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1467, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. E, F, Mussismilia hispida (Verrill, 1901); holotype = YPM4287, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. G, H, Mussismilia leptophylla (Verrill, 1868); holotype = YPM1517A, Abrolhos Reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil.	2012-11-30	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy		Zenodo	biologists	Budd, Ann F.;Fukami, Hironobu;Smith, Nathan D.;Knowlton, Nancy			
