identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B30387B6FFD9333FA7D9FF07FC297C33.text	B30387B6FFD9333FA7D9FF07FC297C33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia altimontana E. L. Jacques. A, Habit 2022	<div><p>Begonia altimontana E.L.Jacques, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3)</p><p>Begonia altimontana is most similar to B. ramentacea Paxton but differs in its smaller leaf blades (5–7.5) 9–11 × (3–4) 6–7 cm (vs. 13–20 × 9–15 cm); its shorter petioles 7–10 cm long (vs. 12–25 cm), which are covered with flattened, fimbriate scales along their entire length (vs. curved inwards, shell-shaped); and in its bilamellate placentae (vs. entire).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Teresópolis, trilha da travessia Petrópolis-Teresópolis, 1373m elevation, 29 April 2019, T. C. Alves 31 (holotype RBR 56196!, isotype RB!) .</p><p>Herbs, delicate, repent, ca. 10 cm tall (including the inflorescence). Cystoliths absent. Stem reptant, internodes 1–2 cm long, reddish to brown, squamulose to glabrescent. Stipules persistent, 5–6(–8) × 2–3(–7) mm, ovate to triangular, apex acute, margins ciliate, pilose on dorsal surface, scarious. Leaves simple, petioles 7–10 cm long, reddish, with flattened fimbriate scales along the entire length, scales 0.5–2 mm long, leaf blades basifixed, (5–)7.5–11 × (3–) 6–7 cm, entire, transversely ovate, asymmetrical, carnosus, base cordate, basal lobes rounded, not overlapping the petiole, margins ciliate, apex acuminate, adaxial surface glabrous, dark green, slightly light green on the veins, abaxial surface with simple and 2-branched trichomes along the entire surface and flat fimbriate scales on principal veins, scales fimbriate, ca. 0.5 mm long, vinaceous, veins 8–10, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence in 3-branched cymes, bearing ca. 10 flowers, 8.5–9 cm long (including the rachis), up to 11 cm long when fruiting, rachis ca. 5 cm long (up to 9 cm long when fruiting), puberulous, with simple trichomes, greenish. Bracts caducous, not seen. Staminate flower: pedicels ca. 14 mm long, greenish, glabrous, tepals 4, external pair 10–11 × 9–10 mm, broadly elliptic, apex rounded, margins entire, white, pinkish in the margins, glabrous, internal pair 6–8.5 × 2–4.2 mm, elliptic to obovate, apex obtuse, margins entire, white, membranaceous, glabrous, stamens ca. 12, ca. 3 mm long, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, free, connective not projecting, anthers ca. 2 mm long (including connective), oblong, extrorse, yellow. Pistillate flower: pedicels 9–10 mm long, greenish to pinkish, with microscopic glandular trichomes, bracteoles absent, tepals 4, white, equal, 7–9 × 6–10 mm, broadly ovate, apex rounded, margins entire, membranaceous, with sparse microscopic glandular trichomes, ovary 3-locular, 5–6 × ca. 10 mm, white, with sparse microscopic glandular trichomes, wings unequal, largest one ca. 5 mm wide, two smallest ca. 2 mm wide, flat, white, placentae bilamellate, stigmas 3, ca. 4 mm long, bifurcate, branches spiraled, yellow. Capsule 7–8 × 14–15 mm (including wings), basally dehiscent, glabrous, light brown when mature, narrowly transversely elliptic, peduncles 10–14 mm long, glabrous, brown, wings 3, unequal, largest one ca. 8 mm wide, apex acute to obtuse, two smallest 2–2.5 mm wide, straight to ascendent, apex acute, locular region ca. 5 × 5 mm, broadly ovate, glabrous, seeds oblong.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Serra dos Órgãos, a place with high mountains.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering April and fruiting September.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: —This species is a narrow endemic known only from the type locality, the upper part of Serra dos Órgãos National Park, in the municipality of Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, between 22°26’50”S 43°0’33’W and 22°26’50”S 43°0’36”W. It has been recorded from two populations occurring along trail that begins at the park’s headquarters in Teresópolis, at elevations from 1373m to 1700 m. In this trail it is possible to follow the transition between the exuberant Atlantic Forest to the high-altitude grasslands. Begonia altimontana grows in montane forests and high montane forests, in shady and humid valleys, on rocks and occasionally on land.</p><p>Provisional conservation assessment:— Because it is known only from two populations in one location with a restricted area of occupancy, this species is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable (VUD2) under IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019).</p><p>Additional specimen examined (paratype): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, trilha para o Abrigo 4 e Pedra do Sino, 1700m elevation, 14 September 2007, L. Sylvestre 2144 et al. (RBR 56197!, RB!) .</p><p>Taxonomic notes:— Begonia altimontana is a delicate herb and can be easily recognized by having reddish petioles 7–10 cm long, with diminutive flat fimbriate scales distributed along the entire length, scales 0.5–2 mm long, transversely ovate blades, (5–)7.5–11 × (3–) 6–7 cm, entire, adaxial leaf surface glabrous, abaxial leaf surface with simple and 2-branched trichomes along the entire surface and flat fimbriate scales on principal veins, ca. 0.5 mm long, staminate flowers with glabrous tepals and pistillate flowers with sparsely microscopic glandular trichomes on the tepals and ovary with bilamellate placentae. Begonia altimontana is similar to B. ramentacea Paxton (1846: 73) and Begonia princeps A.DC. (1861: 357), both endemic species for Rio de Janeiro state, in its rupicolous habit, prostrate stems, squamulose petioles, transversely ovate leaf blades, leaf blades glabrous adaxially and tepals of pistillate flowers with entire margins. However, B. altimontana differs from B. princeps in having an abaxial leaf surface with simple and 2-branched trichomes along the entire surface and squamulose on principal veins, flat fimbriate scales (vs. sparsely pilose) and bilamellate placentae (vs. entire) and from B. ramentacea by having shorter petioles, 7–10 cm long (vs. 12– 25 cm), with flat fimbriated scales, 0.5–2 mm long (vs. laminar at the base and fimbriate at the margins, curved inward, shell-shaped, 2–2.5 mm) and bilamellate placentae (vs. entire). Begonia altimontana also has similarities to Begonia itaipeensis E.L. Jacques (2019: 57) and B. olsoniae L.B.Sm. &amp; B.G.Schub. (1965: 250) in having unequal capsule wings. B. itaipeensis has an adaxial leaf surface with 2-branched trichomes (vs. glabrous), three tepals on pistillate flowers (vs. 4), and entire placentae (vs. bilamellate). Begonia olsoniae is easily distinguished by being densely pilose on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. glabrous) and entire placentae (vs. bilamellate).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B30387B6FFD9333FA7D9FF07FC297C33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jacques, Eliane De Lima	Jacques, Eliane De Lima (2022): Three Brazilian species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 138-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2
B30387B6FFDC333CA7D9FDBDFA8E7D9B.text	B30387B6FFDC333CA7D9FDBDFA8E7D9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia inumbrata E. L. Jacques. A, Habitat 2022	<div><p>Begonia inumbrata E.L.Jacques, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5, 6)</p><p>Begonia inumbrata is most similar to B. fluminensis Brade, but differs in having cystoliths (vs. absent); its densely villous petioles (vs. lanate); having an elliptic external pair of staminate tepals (vs. orbiculate); 7–8 stamens (vs. ca. 20); truncate connectives (vs. obtuse); and subequal tepals of pistillate flowers (vs. unequal).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Paraty, Ilha do Algodão, 10 April 2022, 23º13.1’9.7” S, 44º36’54.3”W, 115m elevation, E. L. Jacques 2073, J. P. Costa, M. P. Azevedo et al. (holotype RBR 56198!, isotype RB!) .</p><p>Herbs prostrate, delicate, ca. 10 cm tall (including the inflorescence), villous. Cystoliths present, best seen in hyaline structures. Stem reptant, internodes inconspicuous, 0.3–0.5 cm long, brown, villous. Stipules persistent, 1.5–2 × 0.8 cm, triangular, apex setiferous, margins entire, with a crest of trichomes on the principal veins, subcarnose when fresh, scarious when dried. Leaves simple, petioles 8–13.5 cm long, vinaceous, densely villous, simple trichomes, hairs 2–2.5 mm long, leaf blades basifixed, 6–8(–9.5) × 4.5–6.5(–8.5) cm, entire, cordiform, asymmetrical, carnosous, base cordate, basal lobes rounded, overlapping the petiole, margins slightly undulate, ciliate, with simple trichomes, apex acute, adaxial surface with microscope glandular trichomes to glabrous, except villous near the petiole, shiny green, abaxial surface villous, densely along the principal veins, trichomes simple, hairs 3.5–5 mm long, vinaceous, veins 6–7, venation actinodromous. Inflorescence in 5-branched cymes, bearing ca. 15 flowers, 5–7 cm long (including the rachis), up to 11 cm long when fruiting, rachis ca. 4 cm long (up to 13 cm long when fruiting), villous, trichomes simple, reddish on basal portions to pinkish distally. Bracts persistent, 2–3 × ca. 1 mm, triangular, apex acuminate, margins entire, glabrous. Staminate flower: pedicels 6– 10 mm long, pinkish, puberulous, with microscopic glandular trichomes and simple trichomes, tepals 4, external pair 6–9 × 4–6 mm, elliptic, apex obtuse, margins entire, pinkishwhite, membranaceous, puberulous, simple trichomes, wide at the base and microscopic glandular trichomes, internal pair 6–8 × 2 mm, elliptic, apex obtuse, margins entire, white, membranaceous, glabrous, stamens 7–8, ca. 3 mm long, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, free, connective projecting, truncate, anthers 2–2.7 mm long (including connective), oblong, extrorse, yellow. Pistillate flower: pedicels 8–9 mm long, pinkish, with microscopic glandular trichomes, bracteole 1, caducous, located on the apex of pedicel, linear, ca. 1 × 0.3 mm, pinkish-white, tepals 5, white, subequal, 6–8 × 2.7–4.1 mm, elliptic to broadly elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, margins entire, membranaceous, glabrous, ovary 3-locular, 5–6 × ca. 8 mm, pinkish-white, with microscopic glandular trichomes, wings 1–4 mm wide, unequal, flat, white to pinkish, placentae entire, stigmas 3, 1.5–2.5 mm long, bifurcate, branches spiraled, yellow. Capsule (7–)10–12 × 8–20 mm (including wings), basally dehiscent, glabrous, light brown when mature, depressed obovate, peduncles 10–11 mm long, glabrous, brown, wings 3, unequal, largest one 5–8 × 9–11 mm, apex acute, two smallest ca. 4 × 9 mm, straight to descendant, locular region ca. 8 × 4 mm, oblong, glabrous, seeds oblong.</p><p>Etymology:—Latin inumbratus, past participle of inumbrare, to shade, from umbra shadow, in reference to the habitat of the new species, which grows in shaded places.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting November to March and fruiting July.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: —This species is known only from the type locality, Ilha do Algodão, in the municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in shaded parts of submontane forests, at an elevation of nearly 100 m. This island is in the region called the Costa Verde, and is one of the 63 islands that make up, along with the mainland region, the Cairuçu Environmental Protection Area (APA do Cairuçú). Begonia inumbrata has been observed growing in accumulations of leaf litter that collect on the stems of woody vines attached to a stone wall.</p><p>Provisional conservation assessment:— Due to being known only from a small island and being subject to various threats such as invasive species and a decline in the quality of its habit, this species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(i,ii,v)) under IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019).</p><p>Additional specimen examined (paratype): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Paraty, Ilha do Algodão, 22 July 2020, M. C. Souza s.n. et J. P Costa. (56199 RBR!, RB!) .</p><p>Taxonomic notes:— Begonia inumbrata is a delicate, prostrate herb, around 10 cm tall with a villous indument. It can be easily recognized by its cordiform blades, with a cordate base and rounded basal lobes, overlapping the petiole, 7–8 × 5.5–6 cm, adaxial leaf surface with microscope glandular trichomes to glabrous, except villous near the petiole, shiny green, abaxial leaf surface villous, densely along the principal veins, simple trichomes, veins 6–7, inflorescence 5-branched cyme, pauciflorae, staminate flowers with elliptical external and internal tepals, pistillate flowers with subequal tepals, elliptic to broadly elliptic, and capsules depressed-obovate, glabrous. Begonia inumbrata is similar to B. fluminensis Brade (1945: 30) which shares the same leaf blades shape and fruit shape. In his original publication, Brade (1945) described Begonia fluminensis based on material collected in the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Frade de Machaé (currently Frade de Macaé, Macaé municipality). This location is distant from the type locality of B. inumbrata (south of the state of Rio de Janeiro), for more than 300 kilometers, in a straight line. Begonia fluminensis can be easily distinguished by being an herb, without cystoliths, with lanate indumentum, with simple and 2–8-branched trichomes, petiole lanate, with simple and 2-branched trichomes, hairs ca. 1 mm long, abaxial leaf surface lanose, with 6-branched trichomes, hairs clustered at the base, margins ciliate, with 8-branched trichomes, hairs clustered at the base, external pair of staminate tepals orbiculate, villous, with simple and 2-branched trichomes, hairs ca. 1 mm long, tepals of pistillate flower 8–12 × 2–10 mm, with microscopic glandular trichomes on the external surface, pedicels 10–15 mm long, villous, capsule scarcely villous, simple trichomes. Begonia inumbrata differs from B. fluminensis in having cystoliths, best seen in hyaline structures (vs. absent), petioles densely villous, with simple trichomes (vs. lanate, with simple and 2-branched), margins of leaf blades ciliate, with simple trichomes (vs. 8-branched trichomes, hairs clustered at the base), external pair of tepals in the staminate flower elliptic (vs. orbicular), puberulous, with simple trichomes, wide at the base and microscopic glandular trichomes (vs. villous, with simple, not wide at the base, and 2-branched trichomes), stamens 7–8 (vs. ca. 20), connective truncate (vs. obtuse), tepals of pistillate flowers subequal (vs. unequal), glabrous (vs. with microscopic glandular trichomes), ovary with microscopic glandular trichomes (vs. simple and microscopic glandular trichomes), capsule glabrous (vs. villous, simple trichomes).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B30387B6FFDC333CA7D9FDBDFA8E7D9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jacques, Eliane De Lima	Jacques, Eliane De Lima (2022): Three Brazilian species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 138-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2
B30387B6FFD03331A7D9FF6DFDA07F83.text	B30387B6FFD03331A7D9FF6DFDA07F83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Begonia pedrabrancensis E. L. Jacques. A, Habitat 2022	<div><p>Begonia pedrabrancensis E.L.Jacques, sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 8, 9)</p><p>Begonia pedrabrancensis is most similar to B. bidentata Raddi but differs in having glabrous internodes, abaxial leaf blades and petioles (vs. puberulous, with simple trichomes); dentate margins to its leaf blades (vs. biserrate); and involute wings on its ovary and fruits (vs. flat).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.41567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.943277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.41567/lat -22.943277)">Fiocruz Mata Atlântica</a>, 22º56’35.8”S, 43º24’56.4”W, 79m elevation, 31 January 2022, E. L. Jacques 2070 et J. P. Costa (holotype RBR 56200!, isotype RB!) .</p><p>Subshrub, erect, delicate, rupicolous, ca. 40 cm tall, glabrous to microscopic glandular trichomes. Cystoliths present, best seen in hyaline structures. Stems erect, internodes 1–1.6 cm long, vinaceous, with microscopic glandular to glabrescent. Stipules inconspicuous, persistent, ca. 5 × 0.5–1 mm, triangular, apex setiferous, margins entire, glabrous, subcarnose when fresh, scarious when dry. Leaves simple, petioles 0.5–1 cm long, vinaceous to pinkish, glabrous, leaf blades basifixed, (8.3–)9.9–13 × (1.6–) 1.9–2.3 cm, entire, lanceolate, inconspicuously asymmetrical, carnosus, base obtuse, margins dentate, apex acuminate, adaxial surface glabrous, shiny green, abaxial surface glabrous, vinaceous to dark vinaceous on the veins, venation craspedodromous, 6 pairs of alternated secondary veins. Inflorescence in 4- branched cymes, bearing up to 4 flowers because of temporal dioecy, 3–4 cm long (including the rachis), up to 4 cm long when fruiting, rachis (1.8–) 2.4–2.8 cm long (up to same size when fruiting), glabrous, reddish on basal portions to pinkish distally. Bracts persistent, 1–2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm, triangular, apex setiferous, margins entire, glabrous. Staminate flower: pedicels ca. 10 mm long, white to pinkish, glabrous, tepals 4, external pair 6–7 × ca. 3 mm, ovate, apex acute, margins entire, white, membranaceous, with microscopic glandular trichome on dorsal surface, internal pair ca. 4 × 1.5–2 mm, elliptic, apex acute, margins entire, white, membranaceous, glabrous, stamens ca. 17, ca. 2.5 mm long, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, free, connective projecting, obtuse to truncate, anthers ca. 2 mm long (including connective), oblong, extrorse, yellow. Pistillate flower: pedicels ca. 2 mm long, pinkish, glabrous, bracteoles 2, persistent, located alternately on the pedicel, triangular, 1.5–2 × ca. 0.3 mm, white-pinkish, tepals 5, white, unequal, 4 largest, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, 1 smallest, ca. 3 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, apex acuminate, margins entire, membranaceous, with microscopic glandular trichomes on dorsal surface, ovary 3-locular, ca. 5 × 3 mm, white, microscopic glandular trichomes, wings ca. 1.5 mm wide, equal, involute, pinkish, placentae entire, stigmas 3, ca. 2.5 mm long, bifurcate, branches spiraled, yellow. Capsule 11–14 × 8–9 mm (including wings), basally dehiscent, glabrous, light brown when mature, elliptic, peduncles 2–4 mm long, glabrous, brown, wings 3, equal, involute, rounded, 10–12 × ca. 3 mm, locular region ca. 12 × 3 mm, ovate, glabrous, seeds oblong.</p><p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to name of the type locality, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting December to February.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: —This species is known only from the typical locality, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in an area that constitutes the buffer zones of the conservation unit, belonging to FioCruz Mata Atlântica. The buffer zone favors the maintenance of natural resources and minimizes the negative environmental impacts on the conservation unit, especially in this one that is very close to intensely urbanized places. Begonia pedrabrancensis is known from one population, with around 60 individuals in an area of 8 m ². It grows in submontane forests, on a stones wall covered by a thick layer of leaf litter, in a shady and very humid place, at an altitude of about 70 m.</p><p>Provisional conservation assessment:— B. pedrabrancensis is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii,v)) under IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019), due to being known in only one locality, close to intensely urbanized places, very small population and is subject to various threats such as wildfires, invasive species and a decline in the quality of its habit.</p><p>Additional specimen examined (paratype): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 10 December 2021, E. L. Jacques 2067 (RBR 56201!, RB!) .</p><p>Taxonomic notes:— Begonia pedrabrancensis is a delicate subshrub, ca. 40 cm tall, glabrous or with microscopic glandular trichomes. It can be easily recognized by its subsymmetrical, lanceolate leaf blades, craspedodromous venation, few-flowered inflorescences, 4-branched cyme, staminate flowers with ovate external tepals, with microscopic glandular trichomes on the dorsal surface, elliptical and glabrous internal tepals, pistillate flowers with 5 unequal tepals, lanceolate, with microscopic glandular trichomes on dorsal surface and elliptical capsules, with 3 equal and involute wings. Begonia pedrabrancensis is similar to B. bidentata Raddi (1820: 408) and B. stenophylla A.DC. (1859: 137) which shares the shape and venation of its leaf blades. Begonia pedrabrancensis is similar to B. bidentata in its subshrub habit, glabrous stems and stipules, and the small size of its flowers, hidden beneath the leaves. However, B. pedrabrancensis differs from B. bidentata by having internodes with microscopic glandular trichomes to glabrescent, glabrous petioles and abaxial leaf surfaces (vs. puberulous, with simple trichomes), dentate margins of leaf blades (vs. biserrate), persistent stipules (vs. caducous), involute wings of ovary and fruits (vs. flat), glabrous capsules, with rounded superior margins (vs. puberulous, with straight superior margins). Begonia pedrabrancensis can be easily distinguished from B. stenophylla by its glabrous abaxial leaf surface (vs. ferrugineous, tomentose) and its capsule with equal and involute wings (vs. subequal, flat).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B30387B6FFD03331A7D9FF6DFDA07F83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jacques, Eliane De Lima	Jacques, Eliane De Lima (2022): Three Brazilian species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 138-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.2
