taxonID	type	description	language	source
AC3E87F8690F4E11FF47F9FA14F0BEBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from Flavonuncia and Hovanuncia by the presence of spines on the abdominal scutum. Differs from Decarynella and Paulianyx by spines of area III being always larger than spines of dorsum of the femur of pedipalp. Differs from Millomontia and Millotonyx by the presence of spines or tubercles on free tergites instead of round granules. Differs from Ivohibea by the absence of a long dorsal spine on base of femora II – IV. Notes. Currently, there are not any diagnostic features which distinguish Antongila from Acumontia. The genus is monotypic and the description was probably based in a female (Lawrence 1959: 45). According to Lawrence (1959), Antongila spinigera is close to Acumontia flavispina.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690D4E10FF47FF6B1413BF88.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. 1 3 2 Ƥsyntypes (BMNH, examined), from MADAGASCAR, [FIANARANTSOA], Betsileo. Records. MADAGASCAR, [TOAMASINA], Moramanga, km 57 road to Anosibe (Lawrence 1959). Notes. Pocock (1902) mentioned the type series of this (sub) species as consisting in “ an adult and two subadult females ”. Later, Pocock (1903: 441) stated that “ the specimens described as A. rostrata subsp. Cowani [sic.] are males and females of a form which must be regarded as a valid species. ” Roewer (1915; 1923) limited himself to repeat this information without seeing the types. He also included it in the newly created genus Triacumontia, later sunken by Staręga (1992) into Acumontia. Lawrence (1959) reported additional material from Toamasina. This species has never been illustrated.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690D4E10FF47FF6B1413BF88.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from A. hispida, A. horrida, A. nigra, A. roeweri, A. soerenseni, A. spinifrons and A. venator by having the apophysis of ocularium unbranched. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. echinata, A. longipes, A. milloti, A. nigra, A. rostrata and A. spinifrons by having the two pairs of spines of areas II – III much smaller than the armature of ocularium. Differs from A. pococki by having the spines of areas II – III equally sized. Differs from A. armata, A. capitata, A. flavispina, A. hystrix, A. majori, A. remyi, A. succinea sp. nov., A. venator by the presence of two tubercles on dorsum of the trochanter of pedipalps. Differs from A. armata, A. echinata, A. majori, A. nigra, A. roberti, A. roeweri, A. rostrata, A. soerenseni, A. spinifrons and A. venator by the two ventro-basal apophyses of femur of pedipalps spiniform, not blunt. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida and A. succinea sp. nov. by having five tarsomeres in tarsus I of male.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690D4E10FF47FBD216A1BB23.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. 3 holotype, (originally reported as Ƥ syntype of A. rostrata), (BMNH, examined), from MADAGASCAR, [FIANARANTSOA], Ambohimitombo. Notes. Pocock (1902) firstly mistook this species for females of A. rostrata and even illustrated one specimen as a female of that species. Later, Pocock (1903) interpreted the “ females ” as males and females of an undescribed species, which he then described as A. echinata. Roewer (1915; 1923) simply repeated Pocock’s figures, not having seen any material, and included this species in Triacumontia.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690D4E10FF47FBD216A1BB23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from A. pococki and A. rostrata by the tubercles of anterior margin of carapace much smaller than cheliceral sockets. Differs from A. hispida, A. horrida, A. nigra, A. roeweri, A. soerenseni, A. spinifrons and A. venator by having the apophysis of ocularium unbranched. Differs from A. cowani by the size of spines of areas II – III comparable to the armature of ocularium (and not much smaller). Differs from A. majori and A. roberti by spines of areas II – III subequal (from area III not much longer and stouter than of area II), and widely separated at the base. Differs from A. armata, A. capitata, A. flavispina, A. hystrix, A. majori, A. remyi, A. succinea sp. nov., A. venator by the presence of two tubercles on dorsum of the trochanter of pedipalps. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. capitata, A. cowani, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida, A. hystrix, A. longipes, A. milloti, A. remyi and A. succinea sp. nov. by the shape of the two ventro-basal apophyses of the femur of pedipalps blunt instead of spiniform. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida and A. succinea sp. nov. by having five tarsomeres in tarsus I of male.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690A4E15FF47F96A169BBD6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. 3 lectotype, (BMNH, examined), from MADAGASCAR, [FIANARANTSOA], Ambohimitombo. Notes. Pocock (1902) described this species based on 2 specimens, which he deemed with doubt to be a male (smaller specimen, “ probably not quite adult ”) and a female (larger one, with metatarsal notch). He provided illustrations of the lateral habitus and metatarsal notch of this larger specimen. Later, Pocock (1903) noticed that his initial sex determination was inverted and that those were representative of two species: “ but the example described as the male is the female, and vice versa. Moreover, the evidence supplied by other species does not justify the opinion that the very considerable structural differences between these two are merely attributable to sex. External sexual characters in the genus Acumontia and other genera of Triaenonychidae are usually slight as compared with what obtains in some of the Mecostethous Opiliones. Hence I feel compelled to regard the two specimens in question as representatives of distinct species. ” He chose the (true) male as lectotype of A. majori, while the female became the holotype of A. roberti. Roewer (1915; 1923) limited himself to repeat the main illustration of Pocock, without seeing the types. Lawrence (1959) and Staręga (1992) have not seen the types either and only repeated the original information. No further specimen has been reported.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F8690A4E15FF47F96A169BBD6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from A. pococki and A. rostrata by the tubercles of anterior margin of carapace much smaller than cheliceral sockets. Differs from A. hispida, A. horrida, A. nigra, A. roeweri, A. soerenseni, A. spinifrons and A. venator by having the apophysis of ocularium unbranched. Differs from A. armata, A. echinata and A. pococki by the spines of area III contiguous at base. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. capitata, A. cowani, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida, A. hystrix, A. longipes, A. milloti, A. remyi and A. succinea sp. nov. by the shape of the two ventro-basal apophyses of the femur of pedipalps blunt instead of spiniform. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida and A. succinea sp. nov. by having five tarsomeres in tarsus I of male. Very similar to A. roberti, differing by the trochanter of pedipalp dorsally unarmed, and by the small tubercles on the anterior margin of carapace.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869084E14FF47FE68147ABF46.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Ƥ holotype (originally a syntype of A. majori), BMNH, from MADAGASCAR, [FIANARANTSOA], Ambohimitombo. Records. MADAGASCAR, [ANTANANARIVO], Mt Ankaratra, Manjakatompo forest, 2000 m; [FIANARANTSOA], Ambohimitombo; Nosiarivo; Farafangana, Karianga (Lawrence 1959). Notes. Pocock (1902) initially mistook a female of this species by a male and included it as a syntype of A. majori. Later, Pocock (1903) realized it was a female of an yet undescribed species, calling it A. roberti. Roewer only cited the species without seeing any material of it. Lawrence cited both males and females, but limited himself to note variation on tarsal count of females and did not comment about males. This species has never been illustrated before.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869084E14FF47FE68147ABF46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis — Differs from A. pococki and A. rostrata by the tubercles of anterior margin of carapace much smaller than cheliceral sockets. Differs from A. hispida, A. horrida, A. nigra, A. roeweri, A. soerenseni, A. spinifrons and A. venator by having the apophysis of ocularium unbranched. Differs from A. armata, A. echinata and A. pococki by the spines of area III contiguous at base. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. capitata, A. cowani, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida, A. hystrix, A. longipes, A. milloti, A. remyi and A. succinea sp. nov. by the shape of the two ventro-basal apophyses of the femur of pedipalps blunt instead of spiniform. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida and A. succinea sp. nov. by having five tarsomeres in tarsus I of male. Very similar to A. majori, differing by having the trochanter of pedipalp dorsally armed with two spines, and by the tubercles on each corner of the anterior margin of carapace.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1BFF47FF6B1252BFEE.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. 3 holotype, (BMNH, examined), from MADAGASCAR, [FIANARANTSOA], Ambohimitombo, Tanala district. Notes. Pocock (1902) originally described and illustrated males and females (with metatarsal notch!) of this species. The females resulted to be males of A. echinata, while the males were conserved in A. rostrata (Pocock 1903). Pocock (1903) also mentioned that the males did not have a metatarsal notch and provided a [too] schematic illustration of the penis. Roewer (1915; 1923) transferred this species to Triacumontia and repeated Pocock’s illustration of the male lateral habitus. Lawrence (1959) did not bring any new information, while Staręga (1992) brought it back to Acumontia.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1BFF47FF6B1252BFEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. armata, A. capitata, A. cowani, A. echinata, A. flavispina and A. majori by spines of anterior margin with size similar to the processes of cheliceral sockets. Differs from A. soerenseni by two spines on lateral side of anterior margin instead of one. Differs from A. cowani by having the two pairs of spines of areas II – III with size comparable to the armature of ocularium. Differs from A. majori and A. roberti by the spines of area III widely separated at base and divergent from each other. Differs from A. pococki and A. roeweri by the large spines on free tergites. Differs from A nigra, A. spinifrons and A. venator by median pair of spines on free tergite I. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. capitata, A. cowani, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida, A. hystrix, A. longipes, A. milloti, A. remyi and A. succinea sp. nov. by the shape of the two ventro-basal apophyses of the femur of pedipalps blunt instead of spiniform. Differs from A. alluaudi, A. flavispina, A. hispida, A. horrida and A. succinea sp. nov. by having five tarsomeres in tarsus I of male. Very similar to A. roberti, differing by the trochanter of pedipalp dorsally unarmed, and by the small tubercles on the anterior margin of carapace.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1CFF47FBFD16FDBEF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. USNM Male (3) Holotype, 4 3 and 5 Ƥ paratypes. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, P. N. Mt. D'Ambre, Montagne d'Ambre, 1100 m, 12.32 S 49.10 E, 23 – 28. XI. 1993, Coddington, J., Scharff, N., Larcher, S., Griswold, C., Andriamasimanana, R. col. (CG. 24. LUN. 0); 5 3 6 Ƥ paratypes, same data, (SL. 25. LUN.); 2 Ƥ paratypes, same data, (CG. 27. LUN.); 3 3 2 Ƥ paratypes, same data. (SL. 27. LUN.); 4 3 3 Ƥ paratypes, same data, (CG. 26. LDN 2.); 1 Ƥ paratype, same data. (SL. 26. BED.); 4 3 3 Ƥ paratypes, same data, (RA. 26. LDN.); 9 3 6 Ƥ paratypes, same data. (NS. 27. GEN.); 1 juv. paratype, same data, (CG. 27. NEW 2). MNRJ 0 7581, 4 3 5 Ƥ paratypes, same data, (SL. 26. LUN 2.).	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1CFF47FBFD16FDBEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in WWF Ecoregion AT 0118 (Madagascar subhumid forests), WWF 01 - type formation (Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests). Most Malagasy Triaenonychini are endemic to one of the two WWF 01 - type formations that run roughly in a North-South direction making 2 long stripes in the Eastern half of the island (See Figs. 12 – 14). Only one species (Decarynella gracilipes) occurs in the 02 - type formation (Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests). No species is known from the two 13 - type formations (Deserts & Xeric Shrublands). Lawrence (1959: 60) recorded two females of Acumontia lomani (= A. armata) from Montagne d'Ambre. However, as this species is distributed in Central-eastern and Southern Madagascar, except for those two females, probably it is a misidentification. Those two females could be A. succinea sp. nov. The remaining old record from Montagne d’Ambre is from Hovanuncia monticola Lawrence, 1959, quite different from the species of Acumontia (see Discussion).	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1CFF47FBFD16FDBEF5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Species name is a Latin adjective meaning “ from amber ”, in reference to the locality where the types were collected, the Parc national de la Montagne d'Ambre.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1CFF47FBFD16FDBEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from other species of Acumontia (except for A. hispida, A. horrida and A. remyi) by having four and three tarsomeres on leg I on males and females respectively. Differs from A. hispida and A. horrida by the apophysis of ocularium unbranched. Similar to Acumontia majori, A. longipes, A. remyi, and A. roberti but differing by the number of tarsomeres on leg I. Additionally, differs from A. majori and A. roberti by having the spines of area III less inclined backwards, tubercles of free tergites high and thin, and trochanter of pedipalp with one pointed tubercle on the dorsum. From A. longipes by the leg II about three times the body (instead of five times), and by the size of tubercles of area II in relation to the ones of area III (much smaller). From A. remyi for the absence of pairs of spines on free tergites I – III.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
AC3E87F869064E1CFF47FBFD16FDBEF5.taxon	description	Description of male holotype. Measurements: Carapace: length 1.8 maximum width 2.8; Abdominal scutum length 3.2, maximum width 3.7; Appendages measurements as in Table 1. Dorsal scutum and free tergites: Scutum outline asymmetrical hourglass-shaped, typical of the family (Figs 6 A, 7 A). Tegument with microsculpture, with scaly aspect in some parts (lateral area, anterior and posterior margins of scutum), covered by pustules (Fig. 7). Anterior margin of carapace with a row of six setiferous tubercles, the outermost two larger than the four internal (Figs. 6 A, 7 A, B, D). Ocularium elevated, conical, bearing an apical, long, spiniform apophysis (Figs 6, 7). Eyes located high, far from base of ocularium (Figs 6 B, 7 B, D). Carapace and areas marked only by inconspicuous faint grooves (Fig. 7 D). Area I with a pair of paramedian tubercles larger than the common granules (pustules) that cover the body, area II with a pair of larger paramedian tubercles similarly sized to the tubercles of the anterior margin of carapace, with two small acuminate tubercles lateral to them, area III with pair of spines twice as large the tubercles of area II, but smaller than the apophysis of the ocularium, slightly bent backwards (Figs. 6, 7). One transverse row of setiferous tubercles in posterior margin and free tergites I – III, larger in free tergites II and III (Figs. 6, 7 A – C). Dorsal anal operculum with rounded tubercles (Fig. 7 C). Chelicerae (Figs. 6 A, 8 A, B): Not sexually dimorphic, with an apical setiferous spiniform tubercle on basal segment. Pedipalps (Figs 8 C, D): Trochanter with one ventral high setiferous acuminate tubercle and a dorsal setiferous acuminate tubercle. Femur robust, bearing a ventral row of four high setiferous tubercles, the two basal divergent and larger than the two distal; dorsal row of four high setiferous tubercles; two mesal subdistal setiferous tubercles. Patella with two mesal subdistal setiferous tubercles. Tibia with three mesal and three ectal setiferous tubercles. Tarsus with four mesal and four ectal setiferous tubercles. All tubercles of pedipalps bear subdistal setae, not apical. Legs: All legs covered with small setiferous tubercles. Coxa I with tegument covered with small pustules (Figs. 9 A – C), armed ventrally with an anterior row of setiferous stout tubercles, the two most external fused together; other tubercles smaller and bearing apical setae (Figs. 9 A, B). Femur I covered by small setiferous tubercles, with three ventral basal larger setiferous tubercles (Fig. 10 A). Metatarsus I with calcaneus notched and much shorter than astragalus (Figs. 10 A – C). Coxa II with dorsal apophyses and stout retrolateral setiferous tubercles (Fig. 7 B). Coxa IV with three dorsal setiferous tubercles, one apical large, and two prolateral (Figs 7 A, B). Trochanter IV with one distal dorsal apophysis and some tubercles (Fig. 7 A). Tarsal counts of legs I – IV: 4 (2) / 11 (3) / 4 / 4 (paratype used for SEM); 4 / 4 (2), 11 / 13 (2), 4 / 4, 4 / 4 (holotype). Color (in alcohol) (Fig. 6). Body and appendages Brownish Orange (54), legs, chelicerae and pedipalps loosely and small honeycomb-reticulated in Dark Brown (59). Patches of Dark Brown (59) on the following: anterior rim of carapace; on and around the ocularium spreading in wide honeycomb-pattern; mid portion of scutal areas, including the main paired spines; a pair of elongate tongues running from posterior edges of carapace along laterals of mesotergum down to posterior corners of abdominal scutum. Posterior half of free tergite I and all free tergites II – III Dark Brown (59). Genitalia: Ventral setiferous plate deeply cleft, dividing the plate into two halves, three pairs of ventral and one pair of dorso-marginal straight setae (Figs. 11 C – E). Dorso-lateral plates ear-shaped, reaching half the complex of glans (Figs. 11 A – C, E). Complex of stylus long, stylus thin and sinuous, with a ventral foliaceus (Fig. 11 F) and a dorsal multi-pointed process (Fig. 11 G). Complex of glans with a pair of lateral winglets (Figs. 11 A – E). Variation: Middle pair of tubercles of area II with lateral rounded tubercles (not spiniform like in the holotype). Sometimes two of the three dorsal tubercles in coxa IV are fused. Tarsal counts of legs I – IV in males 4 (2) / 10 - 12 (3) / 4 / 4. Measurements: Males (n = 5), carapace length 1.6 – 1.8, maximum width 2.8 – 3.3; abdominal scutum length 3.2 – 3.7, maximum width 3.6 – 4.7; Femur I 2.3 – 2.8, II 3.7 – 4.5, III 2.4 – 3.2, IV 3.6 – 4.2. Females (n = 5), carapace length 1.6 – 1.8, maximum width 2.7 – 2.8; abdominal scutum length 2.4 – 4.1, maximum width 3.8 – 4.1; Femur I 2.1 – 2.6, II 3.4 – 4.0, III 2.5 – 3.2, IV 3.2 – 3.8. Female. Identical to males in relation to the dorsal scutum armature. They lack the ventral notch on metatarsi I, body smaller and legs I and II with lower tarsal counts than males: 3 (2) / 8 - 10 (3) / 4 / 4. Juvenile. Carapace length 1.8, maximal width 2.6; abdominal scutum length 3.2, maximal width 3.6; Femur I 1.9, II 3.1, III 1.9, IV 3.0.	en	Mendes, Amanda C., Kury, Adriano B. (2012): Notes on the systematics of the Triaenonychinae from Madagascar with description of a new species of Acumontia Loman (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa 3593: 40-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210296
