taxonID	type	description	language	source
AC63FF2FFFD4FFEBFF055B70FEEF9C92.taxon	description	Re-description of genus: Moths of medium size, ground colour beige to tawny-brown, sparsely speckled with dark scale spots. Antennae bipectinate in male, filiform in female, ochreous yellow; head tawny brown, palps ochreous orange. Forewing rounded, with pale rounded discal spot, grey-brown post-medial line, kinked near outer margin at vein M 1; postmedial area with a diffuse grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1; hindwing rounded with undulate margin at tornus, grey-brown medial line, speckled with dark scales in distal half; often with pale, diffuse grey-brown triangular patch on outer margin between veins M 1 and M 2. In the male genitalia, the paired posterior processes of transtilla are long, narrow, pointed apically, fused medially with a membrane; paired anterior processes narrow, moderately long, fused medially with a membrane. Valve broad basally, abruptly tapered medially, distally truncate or triangular with rounded apex. Juxta strongly sclerotised with bilobate base, with two long, apically pointed lateral processes. Phallus relatively long, ridged distally, membranous, with slight apical split; vesica very short, membranous. Here, the female of A. theorini is described for the first time. A description of the male genitalia is provided by Hering (1937), although it is revised here based on additional specimens from a wide variety of localities.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFD4FFEBFF055B70FEEF9C92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: When comparing the external appearance of Achrocerides with other members of the subfamily Chrysopolominae, members of the genus share similarities with Chrysopoloma in particular the pale, rounded discal spot on the forewing. For instance, C. rudis is highly reminiscent of Achrocerides due to also possessing medial lines on the fore- and hind wing, as well as having dark scales on the wings. Despite this, the antennae of Achrocerides are yellow compared to the black antennae of Chrysopoloma species, and, in the male genitalia, Achrocerides possesses two long, narrow anterior processes of the transtilla whilst in members of the allied genus this process is single, broad and generally rounded. The genitalia of Achrocerides are most reminiscent of those of Strigivenifera showing two long, distally tapering juxta processes. Externally, however, Achrocerides lacks the defined brown wing venation of Strigivenifera whilst possessing speckled dark scales which are absent in the related genus. Species content	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFD5FFE1FF055FA2FD7E9D39.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype ♂ in SMNH with the following labels: “ Lasiocampa / Theorini / Auriv. typ. ” // “ Gaboon ” // “ Theorin. ” (examined). Taxonomic note. In the original description of L. theorini, only the binomial combination and the locality were given in the legend for the plate on which a drawing of a male of this new species was figured. A male type, with labels that matches collector and locality mentioned by Aurivillius, is known from the SMNH and we consider this to be a syntype, probably the only one. Aurivillius described this species in full the year after, in 1892, in Entomologisk Tidskrift, 13: 198, noting and also describing a female from Staudinger’s collection. Moreover, Hering (1937: 241, pl. IX, fig. 4) figured a “ ♂ (Type, Berlin Museum) ”. However, neither the female described in 1892 by Aurivillius, nor the male figured by Hering in 1937 were mentioned in the original description and thus they cannot be considered types. Additional material examined. Angola. 1 male, Quicolungo, 120 km N. of Lucala, 800 m, iv. 1936, Braun, R. leg., unique QR code: NHMUK 014201447, gen. slide No.: NHMUK 010317727 (NHMUK). Burkina Faso. 8 males, Boromo, Forêt de Sorobouli, 247 m, 11 ° 46 ’ 53 ” N, 2 ° 54 S, 4 – 5. vii. 2013, Ph. Moretto leg. (RCPB). Cameroon. 3 males, Campo Ma’an National Park (Lowland rainforest), 950 m, 2 ° 16 ’ 56.4 ” N, 9 ° 57 ’ 03.5 ” E, 10 — 22. iii. 2018, Fotsing, E., Ishmael, K., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz. leg., ANHRT: 2018.3, gen. slide Nos.: TT 175, TT 176 (ANHRT); 3 males, Edea-Douala, 29. vii. 1992 — 24. ii. 1993, Bouyer, Th. leg.; 1 male, Eloumden, 28 — 29. x. 1992, Bouyer, Th. leg.; 1 male, Ebodje Akok, 23 — 24. xii. 1992, Bouyer, Th. leg.; 1 female, Nkolbisson, vi. 1965, de Miré, B. leg.; 1 male, Mount Cameroon, Bonenza, 180 m, 9 ° 5.3 ’ E, 4 ° 2.6 ’ N, 14. i. 1989, gen. slide No.: TT 208 (RMCA); 1 male, Nguila, 10. iv. 1977, Ph. Darge leg.; 1 male, Mt Nkolbiyong, 1156 m, 3 ° 50 ’ N, 11 ° 21 ’ E, xi. 1974, Ph. Darge; 1 male, Meyo Region, 2018, G. Faravel leg.; 1 male, Mbalmayo Region, i. 2012, J. Nicat leg.; 1 female, Mbalmayo Region, iii. 2012, J. Nicat leg.; 1 female, Mbalmayo Region, vii. 2012, J. Nicat leg.; 1 male, Ebogo, vi. 2011, J. Nicat leg. (RCBP). Central African Republic. 2 males, Sebokele Forest, 3. xi. 1980, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Sebokele Forest, 15. ii. 1980, P. Basquin leg., gen. slide No.: TT 222; 1 male, Sebokele Forest, 24. v. 1979, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Sebokele Forest, 26. v. 1979, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Loko, 17. vi. 1977, P. Basquin leg., coll. Ph. Mathias; 1 male, Lobaye-Loko, 8. vii. 1982, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Lobaye-Loko, 5. ii. 1978, P. Basquin leg., gen. slide No.: TT 220; 1 male, Lobaye-Loko, 7. ii. 1978, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Lobaye-Loko, 30. xii. 1978, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Lobaye-Molangué, 3. vi. 1979, P. Basquin leg., gen. slide No.: TT 219; 1 male, Bozo Savane, 12. vi. 1981, P. Basquin leg., gen. slide No.: TT 221 (RCPB). Cote d’Ivoire. 1 male, Taï National Park, Taï Research Station, 174 m, 5 ° 50 ’ 00 ” N, 7 ° 20 ’ 32 ” W, 25. iii — 17. iv. 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT: 2017.25, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8499 - 21; 1 male, Kakpin Village, Comoe, Open Forest, 259 m, 8 ° 36 ’ 59.8 ” N, 3 ° 46 ’ 37.7 ” W, 27. vi. — 02. viii. 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT: 2017.14; 1 male, Gbando Village (Sudanian forest with Gallery forest), 417 m, 9 ° 34 ’ 17.1 ” N, 6 ° 41 ’ 1.1 ” W, 15 — 22. vi. 2018, Aristophanous, M., Miles, W., Moretto, P., Ouattara, Y. leg., ANHRT: 2018.28; 1 male, Comoe, Zamou, 279 m, 8 ° 35 ’ 32.5 ” N, 3 ° 46 ’ 7.0 ” W, Moretto, P., leg., ANHRT: 2018.29, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8498 - 21, gen. slide No.: TT 133; 1 female, Touba, Biémasso, 441 m, 8 ° 04 ’ 19.9 ” N, 7 ° 33 ’ 5.6 ” W, 9. vii. 2014, Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT: 2018.29, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8500 - 21; 2 males, Parc National d’Azagny, entrée Sonaye (Secondary forest), 60 m, 5 ° 14 ’ 32 ” N, 4 ° 48 ’ 5 ” W, 25 — 28. xi. 2021, Moretto, P., Mulvaney, L., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT: 2021.8; 3 males, Parc national du Mont Sângbé (Forest / savannah mosaic), 422 m, 8 ° 07 ’ 05 ” N, 7 ° 19 ’ 09 ” W, 14 — 20. xi. 2021, Moretto, P., Mulvaney, L., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT: 2021.8; 3 males, Station d’Ecologie de Lamto (Riverine Forest), 95 m, 6 ° 13 ’ 2 ” N, 5 ° 1 ’ 32 ” W, 21 — 25. xi. 2021, Moretto, P., Mulvaney, L., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT: 2021.8 (ANHRT); 2 males, Abidjan, vii. 1966, Allard, V., leg. (RMCA); 1 male, Forêt du Banco, x. 1963, Piart, J., Griveaud, P. leg.; 1 male, Azaguié, ix. 1964, Griveaud, P. leg. (MNHN); 1 male, Comoe, Zamou, 278 m, 08 ° 33 ’ 32 ” N, 3 ° 46 ’ 07 ” W, 3. xi. 2016, P. Moretto leg. (RCPB). DRC. 1 male, Tshopo- Lindi, Watershed, N. E. Stanleyville [Kisangani], 1600 ft, iv. 1921, Barns, T. A. leg., unique QR code: NHMUK 014201445, gen. slide No.: NHMUK 010317724; 1 male, Upper Lowa Valley, North side, ix. 1921, Barns, T. A. leg., unique QR code: NHMUK 0142101446, gen. slide No. NHMUK 010317726 (NHMUK); 1 male, 17 km N Kisangani, Masako Field Station, 388 m, 0 ° 36 ’ N, 25 ° 15 ’ E, 2 — 8. ii. 2008, Gurkovich, Zolotuhin leg., BOLD process id.: LBEOW 2049 - 11 (ZSM); 1 female, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe Nature Reserve, 320 m, 5 ° 27 ’ S, 13 ° 05 ’ E, 12. iv. 2006, De Prins, J. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 79 (Kurshakov pr.), BOLD process id.: LIMBC 837 - 11; 1 female, same site, 29. xi. 2008, De Prins, J., De Prins, W. leg., BOLD process id.: LIMBC 836 - 11; 29 males, Uele, Paulis, 1. x. 1955 — 30. xi. 1959, Fontaine, M. leg., gen. slide Nos.: CHRY- 11 - 74, CHRY- 11 - 73 (Kurshakov, pr.); 3 males, Equateur, Bokuma, 16. ii. 1952, Lootens, P. leg., gen. slide No. TT 203; 2 males, same site, ii. 1936 — 11. ii. 1952, Hulstaert, G. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 85 (Kurshakov, pr.); 1 female, Equateur, Flandria, vi. 1934, Hulstaert, G. leg., gen. slide No.: TT 204; 1 male, Stanleyville, 19. ix. 1955, Fontaine, M.; 1 male, same site, vi. 1926, Colin, J. leg., gen, slide No. TT 202; 1 male, Kisangani, 19. iii. 1971, Taverniers, J. leg.; 1 male, same site, v. 1972, Allard, V. leg.; 1 male, Eala, viii. 1936, Ghesquière, J., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 81 (Kurshakov pr.); 3 males, 1 female Sankuru, Katako- Kombe, 19. iii. 1952 — 7. v. 1953, Fontaine, M. leg., gen. slide Nos.: CHRY- 11 - 82, CHRY- 11 - 83 (Kurshakov pr.); 1 male, Sankuru, Komi, vi. 1929, Ghesquière, J. leg.; 4 males, Luluabourg, 2. xi. 1951 — 10. v. 1953, Fontaine, M. leg.; 1 male, same site, 22. viii. 1955, Seydel, Ch. leg., gen. slide No. CHRY- 11 - 86 (Kurshakov, pr.); 1 male, Ubangi, Yakoma, 28. x. 1951, Van Riel, F. leg.; 1 male, Luena, 1. xii. 1984, Bouyer, Th. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 75 (Kurshakov pr.); 1 male, Bambesa, 27. iv. 1937, Vrydagh, J. leg.; 2 males, Punia, Lufutu, 1937, Wauters leg.; 1 male, Bamania, 4. viii. 1964, Hulstaert, G. leg.; 1 male, Bamange, ii. 1959; 1 male, Ubangi, Gemena, 22. xii. 1935, Henrard leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Uele-Itimbiri, La Kulu, 1931, Branden, J. Van den leg.; 1 male, Bokela, 12. xii. 1938, Hulstaert, G. leg.; 1 female, Tshuapa, Bamanya, 30. iii. 1973, Hulstaert, G. leg.; 1 male, Sankuru, Lunzele, 12. ix. 1950, Hostie, P. leg. (RMCA). Gabon. 1 male, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal, 430 m, 0 ° 29 ’ 47 ” N, 11 ° 10 ’ 42 ” E, 28. vii — 12. viii. 2019, Albert, J. - L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT: 2019.17, gen. slide No.: TT 131 (ANHRT); 1 male, Ntoum, x. 1985, Pauly, A. leg. (RMCA); 1 male, Ipassa, 31. iii. 1977, Pierre, J. leg.; 1 male, Ipassa, 11. vi. 1973, Bernardi, G. leg.; 1 male, Belinga, Camp Central, 700 m, 12. iv. 1963, Bernardi, G. leg. (MNHN); 1 male, Libreville, 8. iv. 1977; 1 male, Tchimbele, iii. 2014, Ph. Oremans; 1 male, Monts de Cristal, 700 m, 20. vi. 1991, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Kango-Ekouk, 100 m, 19. x. 1991, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Monts de Cristal, Kinguele-Barrage, 400 m, 6. iv. 2019, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Mitzic-Oveng, 1. iv. 1991, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Mvoum, 1. vi. 1989, P. Basquin leg.; 1 male, Cap Esterias, 16. x. 1990, P. Basquin leg.; Leconi, 400 m, 30. v. 1992, P. Basquin leg. (RCPB) Guinea. 1 male, Massadou campsite, Forêt Classée de Ziama, 541 m, 8 ° 20 ’ 36.25 ” N, 9 ° 26 ’ 14.70 ” W, 8 — 13. iii. 2019, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Florczyk, K., Koivogui, S. leg., ANHRT: 2019.10; 1 male, 1 female, Nimba Mountains, Société des Mines de Fer de Guineé concession area, 700 m, 7 ° 42 ’ 2.83 ” N, 8 ° 23 ’ 58.60 ” W, 16 — 25. viii. 2017, Sáfián, Sz. leg., ANHRT: 2017.36; 1 male Guineé Forestiére, Bossou Forest and Institut de Recherche Environmentale de Bossou (lowland forest-farmland), 690 m, 7 ° 38 ’ 32 ” N, 8 ° 30 ’ 30 ” W, 24 — 31. vi. 2019, Dérozier, V., Suah Dore, J., Koivagui, S., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz., Warner, R. leg., ANHRT: 2019.11 (ANHRT); 1 male, Tondon, viii – ix. 1956, Labour, L. leg.; 4 males, Nimba, vii – xii. 1951, Lamotte, M., Roy, R. leg.; 1 male, Seredou, 17. iii. 1958, Pujol, R. leg.; 1 female, Seredou, 18. ii. 1958, Pujol, R. leg.; 1 female, Seredou, 28. ii. 1958, Pujol, R. leg. (MNHN). Ghana. 1 male, Eastern Region, Bunso Arboretum, 10 — 18. ix. 2010, Dall’Asta, U., Dall’Asta, A. & Sáfián, Sz. leg., BOLD process id.: LIMBC 835 - 11; 2 males, Bia Conservation Area, Bongo Camp, 15 — 16. i. 2009, Dall’Asta, U. leg., BOLD process ids.: LIMBC 833 - 11, LIMBC 834 - 11; 1 male, Ashanti, Bobiri, 4 km NE Kubease, 230 m, 6 ° 41 ’ N, 1 ° 20 ’ W, 25. v. 2011, De Prins, W., De Prins, J. leg., gen. slide No.: TT 197; 1 male, Bunso, 22 — 30. x. 2009, Sáfián, Sz. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 77 (Kurshakov pr.), BOLD process id.: LIMBC 832 - 11 (RMCA); 1 male, Volta, 802 m, 6 ° 50 ’ 20.3 ” N, 0 ° 25 ’ 49.9 ” E, 10. iii. 2006, Ochse, M. leg., BOLD process id.: GWOSS 371 - 11 (ZSM). Kenya. 1 male, Western Province, Kakamega Forest National Reserve, primary forest, 1500 m, 11. iii. 2002, 0 ° 12 ’ 48.2 ” N, 34 ° 30 ’ 50.0 ” E, Kühne, L. leg., BOLD process id.: LIMBC 826 - 11 (ZSM). Liberia. 7 males, Welezu camp, Wonegizi Nature Reserve, Lofa County, 551 m, 8 ° 4 ’ 57.11 ” N, 9 ° 34 ’ 47.86 ” W, 19 — 27. iii. 2019, Sáfián, Sz., Koivogui, S. leg., ANHRT: 2019.7; 1 male, Nimba County, Yekepa residential area, 510 m, 7 ° 34 ’ 26.78 ” N, 8 ° 32 ’ 31.88 ” W, 10 — 31. iii. 2017, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT: 2017.36, gen. slide No. TT 135, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8485 - 21; 1 male, 1 female, Nimba Mountains, Mount Gangra Western slope, 700 m, 7 ° 33 ’ 29.73 ” N, 8 ° 38 ’ 16.4 ” W, 16 — 17. iii. 2017, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT: 2017.36, gen. slide No.: LG 5794 (ANHRT); 1 male, Yekepa, 7. iv. 2013, ex coll. Collet, Ph. (MNHN). Nigeria. 1 male, near Bonny, 11. iv. 1902, Gordon, C. J. M., gen. slide No. TT 195 (OUMNH); 1 male, Okomu Forest, 5. iv. 1991, Knoop, A. A., gen. slide No. CHRY- 11 - 76 (Kurshakov pr.). Republic of the Congo. 1 male, Brazzaville, Niari, v. 1981, Allard, V. leg. (RMCA). Sierra Leone. 4 males, Kono Province, Gori Hills, near Giehum, 375 m, 8 ° 27 ’ 47.2 ” N, 10 ° 46 ’ 17.0 ” W, 22 — 29. ii. 2020, Sinyaev, V. Kalnoi, G. leg., ANHRT: 2022.14, BOLD process ids.: ANLMN 8486 - 21, 8488 - 21, 8487 - 21, 8489 - 21; 1 male, Kalainkay, near Kamabai, Northern Province, 80 m, 9 ° 10 ’ 52 ” N, 11 ° 56 ’ 44 ” W, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT: 2018.18, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8490 - 21, gen. slide No.: TT 134 (ANHRT); 3 males, Kenema, ix — x. 1974, Allaer, A. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 78 (P. Kurshakov pr.); 2 males, Sierra Leone (RMCA). Togo. 1 male, Akawolo, ix. 2014, local collector, ANHRT: 2020.5, BOLD process id.: ANLMN 8484 - 21 (ANHRT). Uganda. 1 male, western Kibale Forest, Chimps’ Nest, 1187 m, 0 ° 23 ’ 47 ” N, 30 ° 23 ’ 03 ” E, 19 — 21. iii. 2013, Fiebig, R, Fiebig, S, Stadie, D. leg., gen. slide No. 31.061 (MWW); 1 male, Entebbe, 10. iii. 1969, gen. slide No TT 196 (OUMNH); 1 male, Bwindi North, Kanungu, ix. 2005, J. P. Lequeux leg.; 1 male, Semliki, Bundibugyo, x. 2005, J. P. Lequeux leg.; Rakai, Katera Forest, vii. 2012, J. P. Lequeux leg.; 1 male, Mayuge, South Busoga, viii. 2012, J. P. Lequeux leg.; 1 male, Mukono, Kerenge Island, ix. 2011, J. P. Lequeux leg.; 1 male, Sesse, Bugalla Island, x – xi. 2012, J. P. Lequeux leg. (RCBP). There are two dissection-confirmed male specimens of A. theorini in NHMUK from “ South Africa ” which are clearly patria falsa. Both specimens have the accession number B. M. 1926 - 239 which refers to a large collection of Lepidoptera purchased from the natural history dealer Frederick Henry Rosenberg containing part of Colonel Charles Swinhoe’s collection. The handwriting on the labels matches that of Swinhoe, who was renowned for his work on the Asian lepidoptera fauna, and it is likely that the mislabelling event took place before the collection ended up in the hands of Rosenberg and NHMUK.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFD5FFE1FF055FA2FD7E9D39.taxon	description	Description Male. Forewing length 18 — 22.5 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax beige to tawny brown. Antenna bipectinate; antennae and palps ochreous yellow. Legs beige laterally with sparse dark scale spots, ochreous yellow medially. Abdomen uniformly cream to ochreous beige, sometimes with a few, irregular dark scales. Forewing. Broad, rounded; ground colour beige to tawny-brown, although slightly paler from post-medial line to outer margin; wing speckled sparsely with dark scales that are mostly concentrated along costal margin and near thorax. Post-medial line grey, with scaling extending on the veins distally; post-medial line kinked at vein M 1 near outer margin. Postmedial area with a diffuse grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1; discal spot light beige, rounded, with diffuse margin. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia sometimes black in distal half. Hindwing. Rounded, with undulate margin at tornus. Ground-colour same as forewing or slightly paler beige; medial line dark grey-brown, wider than that of forewing. Sparse dark scales concentrated in the distal half. Outer margin with a small, diffuse, pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins M 1 and M 2. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia black in distal half. Underside of wing uniformly pale beige with some irregular clusters of grey scales concentrated mostly along the costal margin of fore- and hindwing. Forewing discal spot traceable. Outer margin with diffuse pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1 on forewing and between veins M 1 and M 2 on hindwing. Fringe darker than ground colour; cilia sometimes black in distal half. Female. Forewing length 26 — 28 mm. Body and wing colour as in male, varying from beige to tawny brown, but with more numerous dark brown or black scales speckled on fore- and hindwing. Antennae filiform. Forewing. Broad, rounded, slightly more angular at apex than in males. Hindwing. Rounded, with undulate margin at tornus; colour and fringe as in male. Underside of wing paler than upperside, both fore- and hindwing uniformly pale beige with numerous grey scales speckled on both wing sets. Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, triangular with truncate apex, heavily sclerotised apically. Tegumen narrow. Transtilla comprised of two long slender, apically pointed posterior processes, and two very narrow, short, apically rounded anterior processes connected medially by a thin membrane. Juxta with large, bilobate base, with small, strongly sclerotised, rectangular process antero-medially, and with two very long, thin, tapering, distally pointed lobes accompanying phallus laterally. Vinculum broad, rounded. Valve variable in length; wide at base, constricted medially, truncate distally with rounded, slightly protruding costal edge. Phallus curved in proximal third, thin, long, proximally surrounded with heavily sclerotised manica fused ventrally to caudal lobes of juxta, weakly sclerotised distally with apical split. Vesica extremely short, membranous. Female genitalia. Papilla analis broad, lobed, medially deeply notched, very finely setose. Apophysis posterioris long, narrow, rounded apically. Eighth tergite broad, short, posterior margin evenly convex, anterior margin slightly concave, moderately sclerotised; apophysis anterioris as long as posterior one, narrow, apically hooked. Ostium small, semi-circular, with longitudinally striate, trapezoidal antevaginal plate bearing two rounded posterior protrusions. Antrum extremely broad distally, very short, funnellike, strongly sclerotised; ductus bursae very short, heavily sclerotised; cervix bursae oblong, very heavily sclerotised, corpus bursae membranous, posterior half narrow, tubular; anterior part ovoid. Signum bursae absent. Taxonomic note. Dissection of numerous A. theorini specimens collected from West, Central, and East Africa revealed the existent of a single widespread taxon. Slight variation was noted in the male genitalia in terms of the length and shape of the distal edge of the valve, although no geographical trends were identified. For example, the majority of specimens from West Africa possess a short valve, almost rectangular in shape, although this was also seen in some specimens from central DRC (e. g. CHRY- 11 - 83 and CHRY- 11 - 85). Furthermore, A. theorini specimens vary widely in external morphology in terms of size and wing colouration with no obvious geographic clustering or congruence in the genitalia. Without clear geographic circumscription and in the absence of consistent differences in external and genital morphology, A. theorini is treated as a widespread species that exhibits high levels of intraspecific variation.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFD5FFE1FF055FA2FD7E9D39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The distinctive characters between A. theorini, A. flavoantennata comb. n., and A. smithi sp. n. are discussed under the diagnoses of the latter two species.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFD5FFE1FF055FA2FD7E9D39.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 20). This species was previously known from Cameroon, DRC, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda. Through this research, it is now also known from Angola, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone and Togo. Based on the locality data of the examined specimens, A. theorini is a forest-dwelling species that occurs throughout the Guinean-Congolian rainforests and towards the montane forests of East Africa.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDFFFE2FF055E29FA989B12.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype (photograph examined): Male, “ HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Chrysopoloma flavoantennata / E. Berio, 1937 ” // “ Museo Civico / di Genova ” // handwritten “ Chrysopoloma / flavoantennata / Berio ” / “ DET. BERIO ” // “ TYPUS ” // “ Nel tratto del Congo / da Coquilhatville / a Stanleyville / ott: 1930 ” // Gen. slide No.: MCSN- Genova, Zolotuhin pr. GU 2010 - 02 (image examined) (MCG). Additional material examined: DRC. 1 male, Upper Lowa Valley, near Masisi, W. Kivu, 5000 — 6000 ft, forest & long grass, ii. 1924, Barns, T. A., unique QR code: NHMUK 014201444, gen. slide No.: NHMUK 010317725 (NHMUK); 1 male, Kabunga, Masisi Territory, Nord-Kivu, 600 — 700 m, 13. ix. 1945, gen. slide No.: TT 132 (ANHRT); 1 male, Maniema, Territory Kindu, viii. 1959, Hecq, J. leg., gen. slide No.: CHRY- 11 - 80 (Kurshakov pr.); 1 male, Equateur, Moutombe [= Mondombe], 25. ii. 1930, Oostermans, F. leg., gen. slide No.: TT 198; 2 males, Equateur, Flandria, 11. ii. 1930 — viii. 1931, Hulstaert, G. leg., gen. slide Nos.: TT 199, TT 200 (RMCA). The male genitalia are described here for the first time.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDFFFE2FF055E29FA989B12.taxon	description	Description Male. Forewing length: 26.5 — 27.5 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax tawny brown. Antenna bipectinate; antennae and palps ochreous yellow. Legs beige laterally with sparse dark scale spots, ochreous yellow medially. Abdomen uniformly brown-beige, sometimes with a few, irregular black scale spots. Forewing. Broad, rounded; ground colour greyish-beige to tawny-brown, speckled sparsely with dark scales that are mostly concentrated along costal margin and near thorax; wing colour slightly paler from post-medial line to distal edge. Post-medial line grey-brown, with scaling extending on the veins distally; post-medial line kinked at vein m 1 near outer margin; wing colour slightly paler from post medial line to distal edge. Postmedial area with a diffuse grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1; discal spot light beige, rounded, with diffuse margin. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia sometimes black in distal half. Hindwing. Rounded, with undulate margin at the tornus. Ground-colour same as forewing or slightly paler; medial line dark grey-brown, wider than that of forewing. Sparse dark scales concentrated in the distal half. Outer margin with a diffuse, pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins M 1 and M 2. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia black in distal half. Underside of wing uniformly pale beige with some irregular grey scales concentrated mostly along the costal margin of the fore- and hindwing. Underside of wing uniformly pale beige with some irregular clusters of grey scales concentrated mostly along the costal margin of fore- and hindwing. Forewing discal spot traceable. Outer margin with diffuse pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1 on forewing and between veins M 1 and M 2 on hindwing. Fringe darker than ground colour; cilia sometimes black in distal half. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, triangular, flat and strongly sclerotised apically. Tegumen narrow. Transtilla comprised of two long slender, apically pointed posterior processes, and two slightly narrower, short, triangular, apically rounded anterior processes strongly connected medially via a membrane. Juxta with large, bilobate base, with small, strongly sclerotised, rectangular process antero-medially, and with two moderately long, narrow, triangular, distally pointed lobes accompanying phallus laterally. Vinculum broad, rounded. Valve wide at base, triangular, with rounded point distally on dorso-apical edge. Phallus medially curved, relatively thin, long, proximally surrounded with heavily sclerotised manica fused ventrally to caudal lobes of juxta, weakly sclerotised distally with apical split. Vesica extremely short, membranous. Taxonomic note. In the original description of C. flavoantennata, Berio (1937) suggests that his species may be the male of Strigivenifera albidiscalis (Hampson, 1910) which was described based on a female holotype from DRC. However, on examination of external morphology of the C. flavoantennata holotype, it was confirmed that this species is congeneric with A. theorini due to the typical dark speckles across both fore- and hindwings as well as the lack of defined brown wing venation characteristic of Strigivenifera. Furthermore, the general male genital structure of the C. flavoantennata holotype showed marked similarities to that of A. theorini, such as the two elongate posterior processes of the transtilla and the long, thin, distally weakly sclerotised phallus (albeit with diagnostic differences which are discussed below), whilst lacking the typical generic features found in Strigivenifera taxa. This species is thus transferred to Achrocerides: Achrocerides flavoantennata (Berio, 1937) comb. n.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDFFFE2FF055E29FA989B12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is considerably larger in size than both A. theorini and A. smithi sp. n. and specimens are generally slightly darker and more greyish in colour. When comparing the male genitalia with A. theorini, the clasping apparatus is overall larger in size, the two anterior transtilla processes are shorter and slightly broader, and fused medially with a more heavily sclerotised membrane. In addition, the juxta processes of A. flavoantennata are noticeably wider and shorter, and the valva is much more triangular and less truncate, with a much longer and more pointed dorso-apical edge compared to the related species.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDFFFE2FF055E29FA989B12.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 20). Found only in DRC, this species exists in sympatry with A. theorini although it appears to be much rarer. It is distributed within the rainforests of the Congo Basin extending its range to the mountainous Nord-Kivu region in the east. The holotype was collected by Lidio Cipriani, an anthropologist and zoologist who visited DRC in 1930. It has rather vague locality data, given as “ In the stretch of the Congo between Coquilhatville [Mbandaka] and Stanleyville [Kisangani] ”, but since Cipriani travelled via boat along the Congo River during his expedition (Cipriani 1932), the type locality of A. flavoantennata in Fig. 20 is given as approximately halfway along the river between the two cities.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDCFFE4FF0558C5FCC99B71.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male, “ LA MABOKE / REP. CENTRAFRIC. / V- 1965 / Michel BOULARD ” // “ Coll. Mus. Tervuren ” // “ dét. G. Poncin / achrocerides / theorini auriv. ” // “ Chysopolomidae [sic] / P. Kurshakov pr. / CHRY- 11 - 84 ” (RMCA). Paratypes: Central African Republic. 4 males, La Maboke, 24. xi. 1964 — 9. v. 1966, Pujol, R. leg., gen. slide No.: TT 201 (RMCA).	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDCFFE4FF0558C5FCC99B71.taxon	description	Description Male. Forewing length 22 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax tawny brown. Antenna bipectinate; antennae and palps ochreous yellow. Legs beige laterally with sparse dark scale spots, ochreous yellow medially. Abdomen uniformly brown-beige, sometimes with a few, irregular dark scales. Forewing. Broad, rounded; ground colour beige to tawny-brown, although slightly paler from post-medial line to outer margin; wing speckled sparsely with dark scales that are mostly concentrated along costal margin and near thorax. Post-medial line grey-brown, with scaling extending on the veins distally; post-medial line kinked at vein M 1 near outer margin. Postmedial area with a diffuse grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1; discal spot light beige, rounded, with diffuse margin. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia sometimes black in distal half. Hindwing. Rounded, with undulate margin at the tornus. Ground-colour same as forewing or slightly paler beige; medial line dark grey-brown, wider than that of forewing. Sparse dark scales concentrated in distal half. Outer margin with a diffuse, pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins M 1 and M 2. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour, cilia black in distal half. Underside of wing uniformly pale beige with some irregular clusters of grey scales concentrated mostly along the costal margin of the fore- and hindwing. Forewing discal spot visible traceable. Outer margin with diffuse pale grey-brown triangular patch between veins R 3 and M 1 on forewing and between veins M 1 and M 2 on hindwing. Fringe darker than ground colour; cilia sometimes black in distal half. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, triangular, strongly sclerotised apically. Tegumen narrow. Transtilla comprised of two long, narrow, apically pointed posterior processes, and two thin, short, apically pointed anterior processes. Juxta with bilobate base, with small, strongly sclerotised, rectangular process antero-medially, and with two moderately long, narrow, tapered, distally pointed lobes accompanying phallus laterally. Vinculum broad, rounded. Valve wide at base, triangular, narrowing distally with rounded point on dorso-apical edge. Phallus medially slightly curved, relatively thin, long, proximally surrounded with heavily sclerotised manica fused ventrally to caudal lobes of juxta, weakly sclerotised at the distal end with apical split. Vesica extremely short, membranous.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDCFFE4FF0558C5FCC99B71.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally, the new species is similar in size to A. theorini whilst also displaying the typical slight variability in wing colouration and so the two cannot be readily distinguished. However, in the male genitalia, the diagnostic characters are clear. In A. smithi, the valva is triangular in shape whilst in A. theorini the valva is distally truncate, almost rectangular in some specimens. In addition, the lobes of the juxta are markedly shorter and slightly wider in the new species than in A. theorini, which has longer and narrower juxta processes. When comparing the new species with A. flavoantennata, the taxa can be readily distinguished externally by the much smaller size of the new species. In addition, the two species do not occur sympatrically and the Ubangi and Sangha Rivers may be acting as a barrier for dispersal of the new species. In the male genitalia, the new species is close to A. flavoantennata in terms of the juxta processes, which are broader and shorter in both species relative to those of A. theorini. The distal portion of the valve is also much more elongate in these two species compared to the truncate valve of A. theorini, although in A. smithi the costal edge is slightly narrower and more rounded distally compared to the more triangular, pointed valve of A. flavoantennata. Finally, the membrane connecting the anterior transtilla processes of the new species is less sclerotised compared to that of its closely allied species.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDCFFE4FF0558C5FCC99B71.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 20). Achrocerides smithi is likely confined to the south-east region of the Central African Republic with a similar distribution to another Chrysopolomid species, Strigivenifera marina Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013. The Ubangi-Sangha interfluvial region is known to harbour many endemic species of insects (e. g. Hemp & Massa 2021) as well as birds (e. g. Marks 2010), and the new species is likely to be another unique species to this biodiverse region of Africa.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
AC63FF2FFFDCFFE4FF0558C5FCC99B71.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Richard Smith, founder and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the African Natural History Research Trust, in recognition of his consistent support for the advance of research in the field of Lepidoptera and taxonomy.	en	Taberer, Tabitha R., Giusti, Alessandro (2022): Revision of Achrocerides Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera: Chrysopolomidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 24-37, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.3
