taxonID	type	description	language	source
2A3FFD6CF06C5DFA8EBD252EC091C284.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
2A3FFD6CF06C5DFA8EBD252EC091C284.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species is externally rather similar to G. litaoensis Yang, 1994 (see illustrations in Constant and Pham 2024 b: figs 19 – 21) but it is shorter (on average, ♂: 6.8 mm, ♀: 7.4) than the Vietnamese specimens of G. litaoensis (on average, ♂: 8.1 mm, ♀: 8.9), and it is generally paler than G. litaoensis; it shows gonostyli with a short posterior lobe and a short, wide capitulum in lateral view (lobe and capitulum elongate in G. litaoensis); the periandrium of the male shows moderately developed basiventral lobes (lobes massive, strongly projecting anteriad in G. litaoensis); the lateroventral processes of the aedeagus are strongly curved mesad in distal portion, ventrally overlapping (more or less parallel in G. litaoensis); the process of sternite VII of females is apically emarginate in middle (rounded in G. litaoensis).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
2A3FFD6CF06C5DFA8EBD252EC091C284.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and ratios: LT: ♂ (n = 9): 6.8 mm (6.6 – 7.2); ♀ (n = 9): 7.4 (7.2 – 7.5). LT / BB = 1.6; LTg / BTg = 2.1; LW / BW = 1.5; LV / BV = 0.5; LF / BF = 1.0. Head (Figs 1 A – D, 2 A – D): vertex variegated brown, about twice as broad as long in midline, with all margins carinate; anterior and posterior margins distinctly curved, subparallel; lateral margins weakly curved, subparallel; disc excavate with obsolete median carina. Side of head yellowish with darker area between anteroventral portion of eye and anterior margin; anteroventral angle weakly projecting anteriorly. Frons appearing weakly elongate and generally smooth, variegated brown (darker than vertex) with blackish dorsal line between dorsal margin and distinct subdorsal transverse carina; median carina extending from dorsal margin down to rounded frontoclypeal suture; dorsal margin concave, lateral margins distinctly sinuate. Clypeus variegated dark brown with paler median line (more or less distinct), weakly elevated medially. Labium brown with last segment longer than broad, and shorter than penultimate. Antennae dark brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical. Thorax (Figs 1 A, C, D, 2 A – D): pronotum variegated yellowish to greenish brown; about 0.6 times as long as mesonotum in midline; anterior margin carinate, moderately, roundly protruding anteriorly between eyes; posterior margin curved, raised; no median carina but with impressed point on each side of median line; lateral portion behind eye very narrow, laminate; blunt, pale yellowish tubercles scattered on outer margin of paranotal lobes; paranotal lobes broad, brown in outer portion, pale yellowish in inner portion and with darker marking under eye, and with posteroventral angle rounded. Mesonotum variegated yellowish to or greenish brown without distinct carinae; smooth, slightly depressed before scutellum. Tegulae yellowish to greenish brown. Tegmina (Figs 1 A – D, 6): variegated yellowish to or greenish brown with irregular brown markings (more developed in females), usually covered in fine pruinous wax in live specimens; subcoriaceous with longitudinal veins slightly darker than background, elevated and with a dense reticulum of weak pale yellow veinlets; shape elongate and convex, about 2.1 times as long as broad with sides broadly rounded, widest at basal 1 / 3; tapering towards narrowly rounded apex. Postclaval margin nearly straight on most length, weakly notched at apex of clavus. Epipleuron present, moderate. Clavus closed, reaching 2 / 3 of length of tegmen. Venation: ScP + R forking close to base after rather short common stem, ScP + RA and RP running more or less parallel to costal margin and not forked; MP forked after moderate common stem, resulting vein MP 1 forked again further; CuA simple, sinuate, more or less parallel to claval joint, then to sutural margin and merging with latter before apex of tegmen; Pcu and A 1 fused at slightly beyond 2 / 3 of clavus, resulting Pcu + A 1 reaching apex of clavus. Hind wings (Fig. 2 E): yellow-brown with distal portion of lobes Sc-R-MP-CuA and CuP-Pcu-A 1, and lobe A 2 darker brown; venation darker than corresponding background; wing deeply bilobed at CuP; costal margin distinctly bisinuate; CuP-Pcu-A 1 lobe broadly rounded along postclaval margin and about as wide as Sc-R-MP-CuA lobe; both lobes approximately the same length, angularly rounded at apex; A 2 lobe narrow. Venation: longitudinal veins ScP-R-MP-Cu well distinct; Pcu and A 1 separated; numerous cross-veins; cross-veins delimiting large cells between Pcu and A 1; A 2 lobe narrow. Legs (Fig. 1 A – F): rather elongate and slender, yellowish to greenish brown with metafemora, pro- and mesotarsi, and spines of hind legs, dark brown; posterior margin of pro- and mesofemora with row of acute minute teeth. Metatibiae with 2 lateral spines in distal half and 8 apical spines. First segment of metatarsus with strong tooth on each side, and large ventral pad of microspines in distal portion. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 8 / 2 ++ / 2. Abdomen (Fig. 1 B): yellowish to greenish with wide, darker band in middle. Terminalia ♂ (Figs 3 – 5): pygofer (Fig. 3 A, E – G) about 2.0 times as high as long in lateral view (widest in ventral portion), with anterior margin incurved in dorsal portion and posterior margin more or less straight up to dorsal lobe directed caudad; posterior margin dorsally deeply excavate (U-shaped excavation wider towards base). Gonostyli (Fig. 3 B – D, H) in lateral view, rather short and robust, subtriangular, produced caudad in a short lobe rounded apically, and moderately concave; capitulum massive, with rather short and wide neck, spiralling up with lateral, more or less oblique, laminate projection, and apex ended in oblique lamina directed cephalo-dorsomesad. Anal tube (Fig. 3 A, E – G) racket-shaped in dorsal view, more or less dorsoventrally flattened, with basal narrow shaft representing 3 / 5 of length, nearly 2.4 times as long in midline as wide (widest point in distal portion); distal rounded portion starting at anal opening, convex with all margins downcurved; apical margin with round ventral emargination in caudal view. Aedeagus (Figs 4, 5) symmetrical, strongly recurved dorsad (in lateral view), with massive suspensorium consisting of large, boomerang-shaped lateral parts linked by wide, flat connective in distal portion (connective placed under aedeagus ss). Periandrium (Figs 4, 5 A – G) complex, basally with moderately developed lobes projecting ventrad, ventral lobe rather simple, apically rounded, shorter than dorsal lobe; dorsal lobe in distal portion with lateral (external) arm-shaped processes directed cephalad and apically bifid, mesolateral laminate processes projecting cephalad with anterior margin sinuate and dorsal angle pointed; terminal portion mobile, articulated, at rest covering subapical processes of aedeagus ss, strongly curved in lateral view, anterior portion with two oblique laminae projecting laterodorsad (small teeth on inner wall), posterior portion upcurved, ended in elongate, apically rounded process (in lateral aspect), subtriangular in caudal view. Aedeagus ss (Fig. 5 H – L) elongate, curved in lateral view, bifid along distal 2 / 3; subapical strong, upcurved dorsal process on each shaft, slightly directed mesad in dorsal view; lateroventral processes strong, directed anteroventrad in lateral view; in (postero) ventral view, sinuate in basal portion, then strongly curved mesad (rounded right angle) and tapering to narrow point (distal portion overlapping ventrally). Connective (Fig. 4 A – F) well developed, elongate, curved, with massive tectiductus, more or less compressed laterally with large foramen. Terminalia ♀ (Fig. 2 F): hind margin of sternum VII with large process directed caudad, with lateral margins curved and posterior margin distinctly emarginate in middle.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
2A3FFD6CF06C5DFA8EBD252EC091C284.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to Vu Quang National Park in Ha Tinh Province, where the new species was discovered.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
2A3FFD6CF06C5DFA8EBD252EC091C284.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Vietnam, Ha Tinh Province, Vu Quang National Park (Fig. 8).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8705136FDD475DDE9570168C8C37F0B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus Gelastyrella can be differentiated from the other genera of Parahiraciina by the following combination of characters (based on Zhang et al. 2020): the frons about as long a wide, with median carina and a transverse carina under the dorsal margin; the tegmina tapering towards apex, with vein ScP + R forked near base, MP 3 - branched with first fork around midlength and CuA unforked; the tri-lobed hind wings (with A 2 lobe reduced); the first metatarsomere with a dense pad of spines ventrally, in addition to spines of the apical margin; the ventral lobe of the periandrium strongly expanded basiventrad in rounded lobes; the aedeagus with one pair of lateroventral processes and well developed suspensorium.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8705136FDD475DDE9570168C8C37F0B9.taxon	distribution	Species included (distribution). Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994 (China: Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi; Taiwan; Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh, Quang Tri, Thanh Hoa and Th ừa Thiên-Hu ế provinces – Chan and Yang 1994; Gnezdilov et al. 2014 a; Gnezdilov 2015; Constant and Pham 2024 b). Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. (Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
FB3C3BA3A7C6511C8721C19D9AA03F82.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Parahiracia Ôuchi, 1940 (junior synonym of Fortunia Distant, 1909).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
27545F35C20456708F4EDEC043D73317.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus Pseudochoutagus can be differentiated from all other genera of Parahiraciina by the following combination of characters (Che et al. 2011; Constant 2021): head prolongated anteriorly by an elongate, straight, acutely pointed cephalic process; vertex and distal half of frons with moderate median carina; sides of body rounded; metatibiae with seven apical spines; anal tube of male spatulate and with apical margin weakly emarginate; aedeagus with pair of long basiventral processes projecting cephalad then reflexed and distally sinuate; pygofer subrectangular in lateral view, without posterior process.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
27545F35C20456708F4EDEC043D73317.taxon	distribution	Species included (distribution). Pseudochoutagus curvativus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011 (China (Hainan) – Che et al. 2011). Pseudochoutagus lindae Constant & Pham, 2024 (Vietnam – Constant and Pham 2024 b) Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov. (Vietnam). Pseudochoutagus rubens Gnezdilov & Constant, 2012 (Vietnam – Gnezdilov and Constant 2012). Pseudochoutagus trungi Constant & Pham, 2024 (Vietnam – Constant and Pham 2024 b).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8840C42EDC8757F4A3A85C9E1ACC04AC.taxon	description	Figs 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8840C42EDC8757F4A3A85C9E1ACC04AC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species is closest externally to P. rubens Gnezdilov & Constant, 2012 (see illustrations in Constant 2021: fig. 5), and P. trungi Constant & Pham, 2024 (see illustrations in Constant and Pham 2024 b: figs 28 – 30), but P. rubens differs by the dark, reddish brown body (variegated brown washed with yellowish in P. nuichuanus sp. nov.), and both P. rubens and P. trungi differ by the more robust, relatively shorter and very weakly curved cephalic process (process more slender, relatively longer and distinctly upcurved in distal portion in P. nuichuanus sp. nov.).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8840C42EDC8757F4A3A85C9E1ACC04AC.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and ratios: LT: ♂ (n = 2): 9.4 mm; ♀ (n = 5): 10.3 mm (10.2 – 10.5). LT / BB = 2.5; LTg / BTg = 2.0; LW / BW = 1.5; LV / BV = 2.8; LF / BF = 2.6. Head (Figs 9 A – C, 10 A – D): strongly elongated anteriorly in a cephalic process slightly sinuate with distal portion upcurved (in lateral view); vertex variegated brown; distinctly longer in midline than broad before eyes (about 2.8 times), widening from base to anterior margin of eyes, tapering beyond eyes to narrowly rounded apex, median and lateral carinae distinct but rather weak; posterior margin moderately incurved. Side of head brown but coloured as vertex on sides of cephalic process. Frons entirely blackish brown, distinctly darker than sides of head and vertex, slightly coriaceous; lateral carinae reaching apex, median carina distinct in distal 2 / 3; elongate, widest slightly anterior to eyes, roundly tapering towards clypeal suture; clypeal suture distinctly rounded. Clypeus black-brown, weakly elevated medially in distal portion. Labium brown with last segment longer than broad, and shorter than penultimate. Antennae dark brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel bulbous. Thorax (Figs 9 A, C, 10 A – D): pronotum coloured as vertex; about 2 / 3 the length of mesonotum in midline; anterior margin weakly carinate, sinuate and moderately protruding anteriorly between eyes, with peridiscal carinae indistinct; posterior margin nearly straight; median carina obsolete; weak impressed point on each side of median line; weak blunt, tubercles along anterior and posterior margins; paranotal lobes (lateral view) moderately broad, with posteroventral angle rather narrowly rounded. Mesonotum coloured like vertex with longitudinal carinae very weak and blunt; 2 weakly impressed points on disc; tip of scutellum pale yellow. Tegulae brown. Tegmina (Figs 9 A – C, 14): variegated brown, washed with yellowish in basal portion, irregular black transverse band just beyond midlength; at about basal 1 / 3, more or less distinct transverse band of white wax, apical 1 / 3 covered in white wax, basal 1 / 3 with scattered small points of white wax; veins concolorous except in distal 1 / 3, where dark brown; subcoriaceous with longitudinal veins distinct (elevated in distal 1 / 3 of tegmen) and with dense reticulum of veinlets; shape elongate and convex with sides broadly rounded, widest around half-length, about twice as long, as broad; narrowly rounded apically. Postclaval margin widely rounded and notched at apex of clavus. Clavus closed, reaching about 3 / 5 of tegmen. Venation: ScP + R forking close to base after short common stem, ScP + RA and RP single, running more or less parallel to costal margin in a large basal portion; MP forked slightly before basal 1 / 3, resulting veins unforked, running more or less parallel; CuA weakly diverging from claval joint; Pcu and A 1 fused at distal 1 / 4 of clavus, resulting Pcu + A 1 reaching claval joint before apex of clavus; dense reticulum of veinlets, especially after basal 1 / 3; veinlets distinctly raised in basal 2 / 3 (adding to coriaceous aspect). Hind wings (Fig. 10 E): black-brown, slightly paler along costal margin in basal half; venation concolorous (slightly darker); wing broader than tegmen and deeply bilobed at CuP; costal margin sinuate; CuP-Pcu-A 1 lobe broadly rounded along postclaval margin and about 1.3 times as wide as Sc-R-MP-CuA lobe, both about the same length and apically rounded; A 2 lobe moderately reduced and narrow. Venation: longitudinal veins ScP-R-MP-Cu well distinct; Pcu and A 1 separated; numerous cross-veins; A 2 rather weak. Legs (Fig. 9 A – E): moderately elongate, slender; yellow-brown with pro- and mesotarsi and distal portion of metafemora, brown; spines of hind legs apically black; femora wider than corresponding tibiae; metatibiae with 2 lateral spines in distal half and 7 apical spines. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 7 / 9 – 10 / 2. Abdomen (Fig. 9 B): yellowish brown with dark brown mediobasal marking (stronger on basal segments). Terminalia ♂: (Figs 11, 12): pygofer (Fig. 11 B – E) about 2.2 × as high as long in lateral view, with anterior and posterior margins subparallel, sinuate; subcircular in caudal view; posterior margin with posterodorsal angle nearly right and dorsal margin straight; in dorsal view, posterior margin very deeply and roundly excavate. Gonostyli (Fig. 11 B – E) (in lateral view) longer than high (without dorsal capitulum), tapering posteriorly in a distinct lobe narrowly rounded apically and concave; capitulum with wide neck, directed posterodorsad, with distal portion obliquely concave, smooth and ended in a tooth curved laterodorsad and with outer margin under lateral laminate projection, strongly concave in caudal view. Aedeagus (Figs 11 G – L, 12) symmetrical, distinctly curved dorsad (in lateral view), longer and wider than ventral lobe of periandrium; dorsal lobe of periandrium with narrow, tapering median process and with pair of posterolateral pointed processes recurved cephalad, lateroventral margin distinctly sinuate and partly covered by ventral lobe, together forming an incomplete tube around aedeagus ss; ventral lobe of periandrium evenly widening posterior to lateroventral processes of aedeagus, with apical margin rounded; aedeagus sensu stricto elongate, bifid, with pair of massive, elongate lateroventral processes evenly curved mesocephalad, originating slightly beyond half length, more or less regularly tapering to narrowly pointed apex not reaching base of aedeagus. Connective elongate, weakly curved, with massive tectiductus with dorsal crista. Anal tube (Fig. 11 A, F) dorsoventrally flattened, in dorsal view spatulate with apical margin roundly emarginate (bisinuate), about 2.0 × as long in midline, a wide; basal portion narrow, widening to strong sinuation at level of anal opening; distal portion weakly, roundly tapering to lateroposterior rounded angles; in lateral view, strongly curved near base, then nearly straight; anal opening at about midlength. Terminalia ♀ (Fig. 13): hind margin of sternum VII with massive, rather short, apically rounded median process.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8840C42EDC8757F4A3A85C9E1ACC04AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet nuichuanus refers to Nui Chua National Park in Khanh Hoa Province, where the new species was discovered.	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
8840C42EDC8757F4A3A85C9E1ACC04AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Vietnam, Binh Thuan Province, Nui Chua National Park (Fig. 8).	en	Constant, Jérôme, Pham, Thai-Hong, Nguyen, Hoai Thu Thi (2025): Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1-24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185
