taxonID	type	description	language	source
A51B8408FF86E272FF6B91EDFC9DA7B2.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. The type species for Ceratothoa can only be Cymothoa gaudichaudii Milne Edwards, 1840 or Cymothoa parallela Otto, 1828, these being the two species included in the genus by Dana (1852). The type specimen of Ceratothoa parallela was originally deposited in Museum of Göttingen (Schioedte & Meinert 1883) but is no longer extant (Bruce and Bowman 1989; Horton 2000; Hadfield 2012). Trilles (1972 b) examined a female (no. 48) and male (no. 49) Ceratothoa gaudichaudii held at the MNHN and labelled as M. Gaudichaud’s material. The male specimen (labeled ‘ type’), cannot be the specimen (2 pouces, c. 25 mm) described by Milne Edwards (1840) according to Trilles (1972 b) and Horton (2000) due to its small size (19 mm). Horton (2000) cites the female examined by Trilles as a lectotype, although no author has made a lectotype desgination. According to Hadfield (2012), both specimens attributed to M. Gaudichaud should be regarded as syntypes, with the male being the accompanying male to the female. Milne Edwards did not (for any of this species) indicate the number of specimens that he had at hand, and we agree with Hadfield’s (2012) interpretation. The female ‘ syntype’ for Ceratothoa gaudichaudii is apparently missing (Hadfield 2012) or near destroyed (Trilles 1972 b), the bottle containing only the male syntype collected in Chile, Coquimbo (MNHN-Is 315).	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF86E272FF6B91EDFC9DA7B2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Characters that define Ceratothoa include contiguous antennal bases, pereonite 1 longest, body widest at pereonite 4 or 5 and subequal uropod rami that are equal in length or extend to the posterior margin of the pleotelson. Ceratothoa is closely related to other buccal-attaching isopods such as Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, Glossobius Schioedte and Meinert, 1883 and Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793. Cinusa differs from Ceratothoa in the following characters: body ovoid, asymmetrical; pereonite 1 short, with rounded anterolateral margins that do not project anteriorly; pereonite 3 to 4 widest anteriorly; pereonite 1 and antennae bases close-set, almost contiguous (Hadfield et al. 2010). Cymothoa differs from Ceratothoa by having basal articles of the antennule widely separated and not expanded (Hadfield et al. 2011), and in having fleshy and thick folds on the pleopods.	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF85E275FF6B93B8FABEA2DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ƥ (31 mm ovig., dissected), Arafura Sea, Northern Territory, 22 November 1980, from buccal cavity of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) (host registration QM I 219506 - 006), coll. CSIRO Soela (MTQ W 30409). Ovigerous female. Length 31 mm, width 11 mm. Body 2.5 times as long as greatest width, dorsal, median longitudinal ridge present; cuticle smooth and polished in appearance, widest at pereonites 4 and 5, narrowest at pereonite 1; dorsolaterally concave. Cephalon 0.6 times longer than wide, visible in dorsal view. Frontal margin subacute, simple, not folded. Eyes trapezoid, narrow, 0.1 times width of head. Pereonite 1 smooth with slight indentations produced medially, anterolateral angle with small distinct produced point. Coxae 2 – 3 with posteroventral angles rounded; 4 – 7 with small, distinct point. Pereonites 5 – 7 progressively narrower in length and 7 is one third the length pereonite 6. Pereonite 5 – 7 posteriorly arched, with pereonite 7 posterior end hidden under pleonite 2. Pleonite 1 visible in dorsal view; pleonites 2 – 5 progressively wider; pleonite posterior margins smooth, mostly concave; posterolateral angles of pleonite 2 narrowly rounded. Pleonite 5 with posterolateral angles overlapped by lateral margins of pleonite 4, posterior margin bisinuate. Pleotelson 0.4 times as long as anterior width, dorsal surface with 2 sub-medial depressions; lateral margins convex, posterior margin emarginate. Antennule more stout than antenna, comprised of 7 articles; peduncle articles 1 and 2 distinct and articulated; article 2 0.8 times as long as article 1; article 3 0.4 times as long as combined lengths of articles 1 and 2, 0.8 times as long as wide; flagellum with 4 articles, extending to posterior margin of eye. Antenna comprised of 9 articles. Antenna peduncle article 3 1.8 times as long as article 2, 1.0 times as long as wide; article 4 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.2 times as long as article 3; article 5 0.5 times as long as article 4, 1.1 times as long as wide; flagellum with 5 articles, terminal article without setae, extending to posterior margin of head. Labrum lateral margins concave, with small median point. Mandibular process ending in acute incisor, mandible palp article 2 and 3 with fine ‘ pectinate scales’. Maxillule simple with 4 terminal robust spines. Maxilla mesial lobe with 8 recurved spines, partly fused to lateral lobe with 9 recurved spines. Maxilliped oostegite lobe lamellar. Maxilliped article 3 with 4 curved spines. Oostegite smooth, with setae. Pereopod 1 basis 1.5 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis; merus proximal margin without bulbous protrusion; carpus with straight proximal margin; propodus 1.6 times as long as wide; dactylus slender, 1.3 as long as propodus, 4.5 times as long as basal width. Pereopod 2 propodus 1.4 times as long as wide; dactylus 1.2 times as long as propodus; similar to pereopod 3. Pereopod 6 basis 1.0 times as long as greatest width; ischium 1.0 times as long as basis, propodus 1.0 as long as wide, dactylus 1.4 times as long as propodus. Pereopod 7 basis 1.1 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis, with large proximal flattened protrusion; merus proximal margin with slight bulbous protrusion, merus 0.3 times as long as ischium, 0.5 times as long as wide; carpus 0.3 times as long as ischium, without bulbous protrusion, 0.5 times as long as wide; propodus 0.5 times as long as ischium, 1.0 times as long as wide; dactylus slender, 1.2 times as long as propodus, 1.8 times as long as basal width. Pleopod 1 exopod 3.8 times as long as wide, lateral margin distally concave, distally narrowly rounded with strongly oblique medial margin, mesial margin straight; endopod 4.2 times as long as wide, lateral margin convex, distally narrowly rounded, mesial margin straight. Uropod same length as pleotelson, peduncle lateral margin without setae; rami not extending beyond pleotelson. Endopod apically slightly pointed, 4.2 times as long as greatest width, lateral margin weakly convex, mesial margin weakly convex. Exopod not extending to end of endopod, 3.8 times as long as greatest width, apically rounded, lateral margin straight, terminating with no setae, mesial margin distally concave.	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF85E275FF6B93B8FABEA2DE.taxon	description	Male. No male was available as part of this study. Nunomura (2006) noted lateral sides of body nearly parallel, with large lobes on posterolateral angles of pereonite 1. Colour. Pale brown in ethanol. Size. Present material: ovigerous female 31 mm. Other records indicate ovigerous female: 28 – 38 mm, nonovigerous females: 13 – 34 mm, male: 10 – 18 mm (Bianconi 1869; Nunomura 2006; Saito 2009; Schioedte & Meinert 1883; Stebbing 1910; Trilles 1972 b, 1972 c). Hosts. The Australian specimen is from bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus. Other records reported from amberstripe scad Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (see Nunomura 2006; Saito 2009) and Trilles (1972 b, 1972 c) reported a non-ovigerous female Ceratothoa carinata from yellow-banded snapper Lutjanus adetii (Castelnau, 1873) in New Caledonia.	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF85E275FF6B93B8FABEA2DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mozambique (Bianconi 1869; Hilgendorf 1879; Schioedte & Meinert 1883), Great Redangs, Malay Peninsula (Lanchester 1902); Sagami Sea (Nunomura 2006); Toba town, Mie Prefecture (Saito 2009); Seychelles (Stebbing 1910); New Caledonia (Bruce 2007; Trilles 1972 b, 1972 c); and Red Sea (Trilles 2008).	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF85E275FF6B93B8FABEA2DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ceratothoa carinata can be identified by the pleotelson being wider than long with a deeply concave posterior margin, the pereon dorsal surface with a median longitudinal ridge (from which the species takes its name), the adjacent dorsal surfaces on either side being somewhat depressed or concave, and pereopod 7 with a greatly enlarged carinate ischium and basis. The illustration given by Bianconi (1869) clearly shows these characters, and the specimen from the Arafura Sea agrees entirely with the original description and the later figures given by Schioedte and Meinert (1883) and Trilles (1972 b, 1972 c). Similar species to Ceratothoa carinata are Ceratothoa trigonocephala (Leach, 1818) and Ceratothoa trillesi (Avdeev, 1979 b), but both have a narrow pleonite 1, shorter pleotelson with a broadly convex posterior margin, a smooth and convex dorsum, and pereopod 7 lacks an enlarged ischium. The figures and descriptions of Ceratothoa curvicaudata Nunomura, 2006 agree entirely with those of Bianconi (1869), Schioedte and Meinert (1883) and Trilles (1972 b, 1972 c) and with the present material, showing the characteristic deeply concave posterior margin of the pleotelson, wide pleon (same width as pereon) and pereopod 7 with an enlarged ischium. Nunomura’s (2006) figures of mouthparts agree with the present specimen from Selar crumenophthalmus and we have no hesitation in placing Ceratothoa curvicaudata Nunomura, 2006 into junior synonymy with Ceratothoa carinata Bianconi, 1869. The holotype deposition is not known. Schioedte and Meinert (1883) mentioned a specimen from the type locality (Mozambique) as deposited at the Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde, Homboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany, but it is highly likely that the specimen was destroyed during World War II (Hadfield 2012).	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF81E278FF6B91FDFAF4A3B6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ƥ (20 mm ovig., dissected), trawled M. V. “ Karumba Pearl ” off Mackay, QLD, 21 º 42 ’ S; 152 º 55 ’ E, April 1988, from buccal cavity of Dentex spariformis Ogilby, 1910, coll. Raptis Seafood (MTQ W 15730). Swains Reef, Queensland series: 4 Ƥ (18 – 19 mm), stn QLD – 1251, 139 m, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 22 ° 26.75 ' S; 153 ° 07.17 ' E, 8 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49003). 13 Ƥ (14 – 25 mm), stn QLD – 1254, 181 m, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 22 ° 11.55 ' S; 153 ° 11.72 ' E, 9 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49004). 8 Ƥ (17 – 19 mm), stn QLD – 1255, 181 m, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 22 ° 25.00 ' S; 153 ° 20.39 ' E, 9 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49005). 5 Ƥ (14 – 19 mm), stn QLD – 1256, 199 m, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 21 ° 59.43 ' S; 153 ° 06.60 ' E, 10 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49006). 3 (14 – 19 mm), stn QLD – 1257, 199 m, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 21 ° 50.99 ' S; 153 ° 01.39 ' E, 10 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49007). 2 Ƥ (17, 17 mm), stn QLD – 1258, 179 m, 21 ° 43.23 ' S; 152 ° 57.06 ' E, on FV " Seadar Bay ", 10 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49008). 2 Ƥ (17, 17 mm), stn QLD – 1260, 179 m, 21 ° 50.16 ' S; 152 ° 57.14 ' E, on FV " Capricorn 1 ", 11 September 1995, coll. J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49009). 1 Ƥ (18 mm), stn QLD – 1267, 201 m, on FV " Capricorn 1 ", 21 ° 45.18 ' S; 152 ° 58.25 ' E, 14 September 1995, J. K. Lowry and K. Dempsey (AM P 49010). Ovigerous female. Length 20 mm, width 9 mm. Body ovoid, 2.2 times as long as greatest width, smooth and polished in appearance, widest at pereonite 5, narrowest at pereonite 1, lateral margins posteriorly ovate. Cephalon 0.6 times longer than wide, visible from dorsal view, subacute. Frontal margin subacute, simple. Eyes well-developed, 0.2 times width of head. Pereonite 1 smooth, anterior border slightly concave, anterolateral angle produced and rounded, reaching anterior region of eye. Coxae 2 – 7 with posteroventral angles rounded. Pereonites 5 to 7 progressively narrower in length, posterior margins smooth and straight. Pleonites visible in dorsal view; posterior margin smooth, mostly concave; posterolateral angles of pleonite 2 narrowly rounded, extending posteriorly to anterior of pleonite 4; pleonite 5 with posterolateral angles free, not overlapped by lateral margins of pleonite 4, posterior margin straight. Pleotelson 0.3 times as long as anterior width, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly concave, without median point. Antennule more stout than antenna, comprised of 7 articles; peduncle articles 1 and 2 distinct and articulated; article 2 0.4 times as long as article 1; article 3 0.3 times as long as combined lengths of articles 1 and 2, 0.6 times as long as wide; extending to posterior margin of eye. Antenna comprised of 9 articles; peduncle article 3 1.1 times as long as article 2, 1.0 times as long as wide. Article 4 1.0 times as long as wide, 1.0 times as long as article 3. Article 5 0.7 times as long as article 4, 1.1 times as long as wide; last article terminating in no setae, extending to posterior margin of head. Labrum lateral margins concave, anterior margin acute, without small median point. Mandibular process ending in acute incisor, mandible palp article 2 and 3 with fine ‘ pectinate scales’; article 3 with 5 slender spines. Maxillule simple with 4 terminal robust spines. Maxilla mesial lobe with 10 recurved spines, partly fused to lateral lobe with 3 recurved spines. Maxilliped oostegite lobe lamellar. Maxilliped article 3 with 5 curved spines. Oostegite smooth, with setae. Pereopod 1 basis 1.3 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.7 times as long as basis; merus proximal margin with bulbous protrusion; carpus with rounded proximal margin; propodus 1.7 times as long as wide. Pereopod 2 propodus 1.5 times as long as wide; dactylus 1.2 times as long as propodus. Pereopod 6 basis 1.2 times as long as greatest width, ischium 0.6 times as long as basis, propodus 1.2 times as long as wide, dactylus 1.8 times as long as propodus. Pereopod 7 basis 1.1 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.6 times as long as basis, with slight bulbous protrusion; merus proximal margin with large bulbous protrusion, merus 0.3 times as long as ischium, 0.4 times as long as wide; carpus 0.3 times as long as ischium, with slight bulbous protrusion, 0.8 times as long as wide; propodus 0.5 times as long as ischium, 1.7 times as long as wide; dactylus slender, 1.7 times as long as propodus, 3.0 times as long as basal width. Pleopods without setae, exopod larger than endopod. Peduncle 1.1 times longer than rami, uropod peduncle lateral margin without setae; rami not extending beyond pleotelson, apices narrowly rounded. Endopod apically shallowly bifid, 3.7 times as long as greatest width, lateral margin straight, mesial margin concave. Exopod not extending to end of endopod, 3.4 times as long as greatest width, apically not bifid, lateral margin straight, terminating with no setae, mesial margin straight.	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF81E278FF6B91FDFAF4A3B6.taxon	description	Male. Males were not present in the specimen lots. Trilles (1972 a) noted that the mancae of Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena (which were originally labelled as second stage Ceratothoa oestroides) had long antennae and the males possessed an appendix masculina. Colour. Orange brown. Size. Present material: adult females: 14 – 25 mm. Other records indicate ovigerous female: 10 – 48 mm; males: 3 – 19 mm; second stage pullus: 2.4 mm; first pullus: 2.4 mm (Capapé & Pantoustier 1976; Montalenti 1948; Rokicki 1984 b; Schioedte & Meinert 1883; Trilles 1972 a; 1977; Yamauchi & Nunomura 2010). Hosts. Dentex spariformis Ogilby, 1910 is the only recorded host in Australian waters; also recorded from Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Euzet & Trilles 1961; Ramdane & Trilles 2008), roof of mouth in Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Quintard-Dorques 1966), on Maenidae fish (see Trilles & Raibaut 1971), stomach of Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (see Trilles 1972 b), pharyngeal cavity, gill slit and cloaca on Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809, pharyngeal cavity of Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758), gill slit on Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 pharyngeal cavity and gills of Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 (see Capapé & Pantoustier 1976), fish from families Maeidae, Sparidae and Rajidae (Rokicki 1985), from the buccal cavity of Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Ramdane et al. 2007; Ramdane & Trilles 2008); Doederleinia berycoides Hilgendorf, 1879 (see Yamauchi 2009; Yamauchi & Nunomura 2010).	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF81E278FF6B91FDFAF4A3B6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia: off Mackay and Swains Reef, Queensland. Also western Pacific Ocean to the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean regions: Japan (Koelbel 1878; Nierstrasz 1915; Nunomura 2006; Saito et al. 2000; Schioedte & Meinert 1883; Tatsu 2002; Thielemann 1910; Yamauchi 2009; Yamauchi & Nunomura 2010), Italy (Montalenti 1948), France (Euzet & Trilles 1961; Quintard-Dorques 1966), Tunisia (Capapé & Pantoustier 1976; Trilles & Raibaut 1971), Algeria (Ramdane et al. 2007; Ramdane & Trilles 2008; Trilles 1972 b), Mauritania, and Gulf of Suez (Trilles 1972 b), Croatia (Trilles 1977; Trilles et al. 1989).	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
A51B8408FF81E278FF6B91FDFAF4A3B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Australian specimen is redescribed as it is the first occurrence of the species in Australia and this record is distant to all other records, which are primarily northwestern Pacific, North Atlantic and Mediterranean, and to highlight similarities and differences between Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena and Ceratothoa collaris (Schioedte and Meinert, 1883) as existing descriptions were insufficient to discriminate between these two species. Koelbel (1878) described Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena from Japan with few illustrations from an unidentified host. Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena has a stout body, very wide carina on the basis of pereopod 7, large pereonite 1 with acute anterolateral projections, uropods shorter than the pleotelson length, and males have an appendix masculina. The Australian specimen of Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena agrees with Koelbel’s (1878) illustration of the holotype, and also the recent descriptions and figures given by Horton (2000) and Yamauchi (2009), all of these accounts being consistent with each other.	en	Martin, Melissa B., Bruce, Niel L., Nowak, Barbara F. (2013): Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia. Zootaxa 3683 (4): 395-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.4.4
