taxonID	type	description	language	source
A25D4D00D64F76217BF3FD097C52FE13.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4309; CP 4408. Entirely covered with sand the small colonies (5 to 7 mm in diameter) contain a single system of zooids around a central common cloacal opening. The oral siphon has 6 long pointed lobes (Fig. 2 B). The atrial siphon opens by a short narrow tube (Fig. 2 B) extended dorsally into a languet having longitudinal and transverse muscular fibres. Below the atrial siphon the body wall wears a button-like protrusion. The branchial sac has 11 to 12 stigmatal rows (Fig. 2 A). On the right side an average of 22 stigmata per row was counted and 12 round papillae on the transverse vessel between 2 rows. The dorsal languets are long and pointed. The abdomen has the common shape of the genus as does the post-abdomen which is appended by a thin peduncle (Fig. 2 B) The larva 0.55 mm in length has a tail in a half circle, 3 adhesive papillae, 4 pairs of thick ampullae, and small vesicles on the ventral and dorsal sides (Fig. 2 C). A crystal is present in the central mass of the body. The colonies from Guiana only differ from the widely distributed P. constellatum by their small size. The species is cosmopolitan and has been recorded from a large area of the western Atlantic from Florida to Brazil (Monniot F. 1983; Rocha & Costa 2005).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64976207BF3FF6D7C4FFD09.taxon	description	Stations. SR 4; SR 8; SR 11; SR 23; SD 8; SS 1; SS 3; SS 10; SS 11; SS 12; SC 12; SC 13; SD 12. The colonies are abundant at 4 – 6 m depth. They make bushes of long narrow and soft lobes united at their base (Fig. 3 A), each lobe containing a single zooid. All characters correspond to the original description of Caribbean specimens. The branchial sac (Fig. 3 B) has from 12 to 18 rows of stigmata in zooids of the same colony. The stomach is long and cylindrical with 10 deep folds (Fig. 3 D). Numerous testis lobes are distributed along the whole length of the post-abdomen. The ovary lies among the testis lobes at some distance from the gut. The larvae 0.9 mm long (Fig. 3 C) are incubated inside the oesophagus area. They have 2 adhesive papillae and lack any lateral ectodermal vesicle. Paiva et al (2015) described a colony from the northeastern Brazil which obviously belongs to E. fasciculata. The genus Euherdmania is not a common genus in western Atlantic with only 3 other species: E. areolata Millar 1978 from the Guyana shelf also has thin ramified lobes but is totally coated with sand and differs also by more rows of stigmata and an areolated stomach wall. E. morgani Millar & Goodbody 1974 from Jamaica has colonies in large capitate lobes each containing numerous embedded zooids. E. vitrea Millar 1961 from Brazil has colonies in thick cushions each with numerous zooids.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64976237BF3FCCD7C28FE36.taxon	description	Stations. SR 5; SS 4. Recorded from Caribbean islands (Monniot F. 1983), Texas (Lambert et al 2005) and North Carolina (G. Lambert unpublished) this species may be misinterpreted as D. galacteum having similar colonies. The differences in the zooids are difficult to evaluate, the oral siphon in D. duplicatum is wider and thicker. There is no atrial languet. The lateral thoracic organs are protruding at the level of the third stigmatal row. The testis is divided into 2 lobes very flat and tightly applied on the gut loop. The larva is the essential difference between both species In D. duplicatum there are 8 pairs of ectodermal ampullae around the three adhesive papillae (Fig. 4 A) and the larval body 0.9 mm long has no bud. The spicules as figured in Monniot F. (1983 pl. 1 E) have few rays of blunt rods themselves made of parallel fibres.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64A76237BF3FDD17DC3FC98.taxon	description	Station. SS 6 and 1980 Guiana I. Royale (Monniot collection). The colonies are thick crusts, brittle, with dense spicules made of blunt rays. The anatomical characters well correspond to the type description with a narrow atral opening without languet, a long oesophageal neck with a long thoracic muscular appendage. The sperm duct in 8 – 9 turns lies on 2 large testis lobes. The larva 0.65 mm long has 3 adhesive papillae and 4 pairs of ampullae (Fig. 4 B). As noticed by Lotufo & Dias Didemnum species without atrial languet and 2 testis lobes are not common and only represented in the western Atlantic by D. galacteum and D. duplicatum.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64A76237BF3FC277C78FB00.taxon	description	This species often recorded from the tropical Pacific Ocean was already noticed from Brazil by Rocha & Monniot (1995). It was found again at several times from other Brazilian localities (Paiva et al 2015). This well known species is orange with a characteristic granular surface. The zooid has no languet and a single testis lobe. The larva has 3 adhesive papillae and 4 pairs of lateral ectodermal ampullae. Its geographic origin is not known.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64A76237BF3FACC7A38F9AB.taxon	description	Station. SD 15. This brownish didemnid in thin colonies full of fecal pellets can settle on any kind of subtrate in all warm seas of the world. The small spicules are rare in the tunic and often limited to the area around the oral siphons. The small larvae 0.45 mm (Fig. 4 C) have 3 adhesive papillae and 4 pairs of ampullae as figured in Monniot F. (1983, fig 13, pl. 2 B – E). Often recorded in harbours, this easily identified species is invasive.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64A76227BF3F9557D96FEFB.taxon	description	Stations. SC 9; SC 12; SC 13; SS 2; SS 3; SS 4; SS 12; SR 8; SR 10; SR 11; SR 14; SR 21; SR 23; SR 25; SB 3. Common on all kinds of substrates the colonies in large or small thin crusts are variable in a colour, always purple but more or less dark. The spicule density varies and they are sometimes absent or restricted to the colony surface. The Guiana material has been compared to specimens from Bermuda in the MNHN collection and all characters are similar. The thorax has a large atrial languet and a muscular thoracic appendage. The testis is divided into 4 lobes, rarely less, circled by the sperm duct in 4 to 5 turns. The larva 0.85 mm in length (Fig. 4 D) has 3 adhesive papillae, 8 pairs of ampullae and one lateral bud. The spicules are variable in size: the largest do not exceed 50 µm and are made of balls of needles.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64B76227BF3FE9B7FEAFCBC.taxon	description	Stations. SB 3; SR 8; SS 1; SS 3; SS 4; SS 5; SR 14; SS 11; SC 6; SC 12; SR 23; CP 4383. The colonies are grey in formalin as the zooids contain abundant mud seen through the transparent tunic. They form soft crusts with sparse spicules in patches between groups of zooids. The oral siphon has 6 lobes, the atrial tube is always contracted. The thorax has some brown pigment in the body wall and an anterior black spot. Twelve stigmata were counted in the first half branchial row. The single testis lobe is covered by 8 to 9 turns of the sperm duct. A single oocyte is present with the testis in the intestinal loop (Fig. 5 D). The larval trunk is 1 mm long, the tail hardly reaches a half turn around it (Fig. 5 A, B, C). There are 3 divergent adhesive papillae generally lined by 6 ampullae on one side and 5 on the other side. Thorax and abdomen are already differentiated in these large larvae which have no bud. The spicules up to 50 µm in diameter for the largest are composed of numerous blunt rays. The specimens from Guiana have been compared to the type material from Guadeloupe. They are recorded here for the first time in another location.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D644762D7BF3FF6D7C93FA5D.taxon	description	The small cushion shaped colonies collected from Guiana do not exceed 6 mm in diameter, nevertheless larvae were present. The tunic is vitreous with some brown pigment but the colour fades in formalin. The zooids are enclosed in capsules of disk-like spicules with a thin regular edge. Abundant small spheres of needles are also present in the tunic. The zooids are very contracted and the branchial sac cannot be detailed. The testis vesicles in a flat rosette lie inside the gut loop. The larvae 0.9 mm in length have 3 adhesive papillae in the center of an ectodermal ring. They are incubated in a swelling of the oesophageal area. There are not enough clearly observed characters to be able to assign these colonies a species name. Only C. dellechiajei (Della Valle 1877) and C. drachii Herdman 1886 are recorded from the western Atlantic. C. violaceus Van Name 1902 from Bermuda is considered as a synonym of the former.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D644762D7BF3FF6D7C93FA5D.taxon	description	In thick cushions with a flat upper surface and a narrow base the colonies contain abundant fecal pellets (Fig. 6 A). They are variably pigmented in brown in formalin. The pigment is mainly present in the zooids, either at the top of the thorax or spread over the whole body wall. The zooids are up to 1 cm long and parallel to each other located at the upper part of the colonies. The transverse and longitudinal musculature is dense. The oral tentacles arise from 2 to 3 rings. The first row of stigmata is curved dorsally. There are 3 rows of stigmata, 18 to 22 stigmata were counted in a medium half row. The pyloric gland comprises parallel longitudinal tubules becoming undulated by constriction (Fig. 6 B). The stomach is very far in the abdomen followed by a short posterior intestinal loop (Fig. 6 C) where are pressed numerous testis lobes and 2 to 3 oocytes. The larvae (Fig. 6 D) are incubated at the base of the thorax. The trunk is 0.6 mm long. The 3 adhesive papillae with thick peduncles are widely separated. Intercalated ampullae are not in pairs but flattened transversally; one is dorsal, one between the most dorsal papillae, 2 in the following interval and 1 ventral. Dark pigment remained at the base of the papillae (Fig. 6 D). The figure of the type larva (Oliveira et al. Fig. 9) is the same as ours but the text description differs saying that the ampullae are in pairs, in our material they are medial, single and laterally flattened. All other anatomical traits correspond. This is the second record of E. alvearium which was only known from one colony from Bahia collected on a wreck.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D644762C7BF3F9E47B7DFF1E.taxon	description	Stations. SS 1; SC 12; SS 10; SS 12; CP 4408. The long thin lobes of the colonies, deeply incrusted with sand, arise from a narrow common base (Fig. 7 A). The top of the lobes are slightly enlarged and contain 6 to 8 thoraces. The zooids are only 3 mm in length and present inside the upper part of the colony lobes. The body wall is thin with a weak musculature. Both siphons have 6 lobes. The thorax has a square shape (Fig. 7 C) with 16 stigmata per half row in each of the two first rows. The oesophagus is long compared to the thorax. The short stomach (Fig. 7 D) is followed by an enlarged mid-intestine. The rectum begins in a circular caecum. No pyloric gland could be seen. The gonads inside the gut loop have 6 to 8 testis vesicles and a central ovary. A single tadpole is incubated in the atrial cavity. The larvae trunk is approximately 0.4 mm in length (Fig. 7 B). The 3 adhesive papillae with short peduncles are lined by 8 to 9 rounded ampullae on each side. These observations exactly correspond to Van Name’s (1945) description and to Caribbean material (Monniot F. 1983 and fig.). It is likely that E. carolinense in Millar (1977) refers to 2 different species as he suggested, only his figure 6 representing E. carolinense. This species has a wide distribution from Florida to Brazil but is limited to the western Atlantic Ocean.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64076297BF3FF6D7CFCFC21.taxon	description	Stations. SS 1; SS 3; SS 4; SS 10; SS 12; SC 13; SD 8; CP 4386; CP 4408. The colonies are large with many short cylindrical lobes erect on a thick basal crust (Fig. 8 A). The tunic is entirely incrusted with sand. The oral siphons are slightly protruding from the flat upper colony surface (Fig. 8 B) The zooids are all contracted (Fig. 8 E) with 5 mm in total length and lie at the top of the colony lobes. Both siphons have 6 pointed lobes (Fig. 8 F). The thoracic wall is thick and opaque. The numerous oral tentacles in 2 orders of size are placed on 2 rings. In the branchial sac the first row of stigmata curves dorsally 20 stigmata were counted in the second row on the right side. The round stomach is followed by an annular widening. The rectum begins with a caecum and then forms a deep curve perhaps a result of contraction. An average of 20 testis vesicles occupies the gut loop. Two or 3 larvae are enclosed into the atrial cavity. Their trunk is 0.65 mm long with a tail in a half turn (Fig. 8 C). Lateral to the 3 medial adhesive papillae 8 to 10 bifid ampullae make a thick coating. The above description corresponds to that of Millar (1977). E. repens and E. carolinense were found together in several dives and even sometimes fixed on each other. The difference between them is difficult to see at first sight when the colony lobes are small. In E. repens the top surface of the lobes appears granular due to the protrusion of the siphons; the tunic is softer and the zooids have a strong longitudinal musculature. The size of the larva is very different in both species. Rocha & Moreno (2000) recorded colonies of E. carolinense from Brazil but without description. Oliveira et al (2014) considered E. repens as a synonym of E. carolinense for Brasilian specimens but their description mentions an opaque and muscular body wall, several oocytes in the atrial cavity (characters of the former species) but larvae only 0.4 mm in length (the size in E. carolinense). They also represent different colony shapes (Figs 13 – 14). These colonies likely belong to a mixture of two species.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64076287BF3FBEE7ADAFE36.taxon	description	Stations. SS 1; SS 3; SS 4; SS 5; SS 10; SS 11; SS 12; SC 7; SC 13; SR 4; SR 7; SR 8; SR 10; SR 11; SB 3; SD 8; SD 9; SD 15. The colonies are composed of very soft clear elongated lobes erect on a wide encrusting base (Fig. 9 A). The tunic is naked and slightly transparent in the upper part but not vitreous in formalin. Some thin mud adheres to the base of the colony. All characters are those described and figured by Millar (1977) and Oliveira et al (2014). E. vannamei is distinct from the other Eudistoma present in Guiana by its multiple soft naked lobes, a wide thorax (Fig. 9 B) and the particularly large larva up to 1.6 mm long superficially spotted by numerous small round vesicles (Fig .. 9 C). As figured by Millar (1977 Fig. 10 D) the larva has a thick short ectodermic ampulla dorsal to the first adhesive papilla, 1 long ampulla between the first and second papillae, 2 long parallel ampullae between the second and third papillae and a ventral ectodermic thickening. The round brown superficial spots are located in a thin layer of tissue easily torn in removing the larva out of the atrial cavity. Abundant along the shores of the Salut Islands E. vannamei is only recorded elsewhere from the northern Brazilian coast.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64076287BF3FBEE7ADAFE36.taxon	description	The solitary zooids are erect in long stiff vitreous tubes up to 8 cm long wearing epibionts except at the top of the thoracic area. The oral siphon is oriented toward the ventral side and the atrial aperture opens somewhat posteriorly. Both have a smooth edge. The material is in poor condition and the oral tentacles in a circle could not be counted. The musculature forms strong but short ribbons, 2 dorsal and 6 transverse well apart from each other. The branchial sac has 20 rows of stigmata. The rapheal languets are long and sharp issued from the transverse vessels in high blades. The abdomen is long and extends in a vascular process occupying the largest part of the tunic tube. The stomach is rectangular with a smooth wall located at some distance from the base of the gut loop. The anus with a smooth rim opens at the base of the thorax. The gonads lie on both sides of the gut loop behind the stomach with numerous testis lobes and a central ovary. Larvae 0.6 mm in length with a tail in half circle lie in the atrial cavity. This species described from 23 ° S from the Brasilian coast was recorded again from the Guyana shelf (Millar 1978) at 53 ° W. The new material collected from Guiana in spite of its poor condition obviously corresponds to Millar’s species. The geographic distribution is presently restricted to the western tropical Atlantic.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D642762A7BF3FF6D7F98FEFA.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4357; CP 4399. In single or fused lobes the colonies are 4 to 6 cm large, hard, cartilaginous and opaque. The surface is convoluted with spaced holes of the siphon apertures. The narrowed but thick basal part wears some epibionts. One colony remains pink in formalin with brown siphonal apertures (Fig. 10 A). The zooids are difficult to remove from the dense tunic. The largest are 17 mm long of which the thorax is 6 mm. The posterior vascular processes are long. Both siphons have 6 fringed lobes, the oral one apical and the atrial at a short distance below. Both have an internal velum. There are numerous oral tentacles. The longitudinal muscles issued from each siphon run obliquely over the thorax and extend in 2 bundles along the whole abdominal length. Transverse muscular fibres are dense on the whole thoracic wall. The pre-pharyngeal band in a single rod is not indented dorsally. The button-like dorsal tubercle opens in a vertical slit. The rapheal languets are long and thin. The branchial sac (Fig. 10 B) contains 24 to 26 stigmatal rows the posterior ones sometimes not complete. There are no longitudinal vessels. The digestive loop is straight. The olive-shaped stomach with a smooth wall is separated from the tubular intestine by a constriction. The male and female gonads are located inside the gut loop behind the stomach. A long sperm duct follows the rectum. No larvae were found. No spicules have been detected in the tunic. Millar (1955) described for the first time Clavelina roseola from South Africa adding in Millar, 1962 additional characters depicted from newly collected material. In his later publication (1962) he stated that Stomozoa murrayi Kott, 1957 became a synonym of his species but did not recognize the genus Stomozoa. Surprisingly Millar (1977) identified as Stomozoa murrayi specimens collected from the Brazilian coast down to 60 m depth. After his description the characters are the same as in S. roseola except the presence of atypic spicules in the tunic. Millar (1977) suggested that the specimens tentatively named Diazona gigantea? by Monniot C. & F. (1969 – 1970) from northern Brazil correspond to S. roseola but they belong to the genus Diazona having longitudinal vessels. Material from New Caledonia named S. murrayi in Monniot F. (1988), specimens from Indonesia named S.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D643762A7BF3FE9B7A6CFCD0.taxon	description	Stations. SR 5; SR 8; SR 12; SR 13; SR 14; SR 19; SR 20; SS 2; SS 4; SS 5; SS 10; SS 11; SS 12; SB 2; SB 3; SC 7; SC 9; SD 8. Numerous colonies with varied shapes, in cushions or sheets, were settled on all kinds of substrates, some on ascidians. The tunic is very soft, pale or greyish in formalin but of a bright pink in life. (Fig. 11 A). The surface tunic is easily torn and often in shreds. The zooids are arranged in stellate systems. The atrial languet is simple or with a dented tip above a wide open siphon. The 4 rows of stigmata are crossed by a parastigmatic vessel. The stomach is round with a smooth wall. A large oocyte is placed against a clump of testis vesicles inside the gut loop. One or 2 larvae are appended in a thoracic pouch. They are 1.2 mm in length with a tail in a half circle (Fig. 11 B). This shallow species is widely distributed in Bermuda, Florida, Caribbean islands and Brazil (Rocha et al. 2005) and recently introduced in the Mediterranean (Mastrototaro and Brunetti 2006).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA.taxon	description	Station. CP 4393	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA.taxon	description	Non: Diazona gigantea: Monniot C. 1970 = Stomozoa roseola. Two colonies dredged at 145 m depth are not in good condition and provisionally placed in D. gigantea (Sluiter, 1919). One colony contained an isolated thorax, the other 15 mm x 12 mm is partially divided into 2 lobes (Fig. 12 A). In each lobe was a deeply retracted thorax but the abdomens were missing. The tunic is glassy, cartilaginous and naked except some sand at the fixation base. The shape of the siphon edges is not clear. There are 8 long oral tentacles on a ring and smaller ones intercalated. The dorsal tubercle opens in a vertical slit anterior to the oval neural ganglion. The branchial sac is wide (Fig. 12 B) with numerous straight stigmata in at least 35 rows. The high transverse vessels wear large papillae united in some places by longitudinal vessels. There is an average of 2 stigmata per mesh. The thoracic musculature includes the siphonal sphincters and only 6 to 8 strong longitudinal ribbons on each side of the thorax. No transverse musculature was detected. A wide rectum full of mud is at the base of the thorax but no other parts of the gut remain. The tunic structure and the shape of the thorax correspond to Sluiter’s original description completed by Ärnback-Christie-Linde (1925) who re-examined Sluiter’s type collected without precision from the West Indies. Caullery (1914) shortly described Diazona geayi from Guiana. Pieces of this species, cut in thin slices are present and labelled “ type ” in the MNHN collection. These pieces contain few abdomens and regenerating thoraces in very bad condition, but in one of them no papillae were present on the transverse thoracic vessels in high membranes. Considering the absence of branchial papillae this specimen cannot belong to the genus Diazona. No other species of the genus Diazona are recorded from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. Figure 13.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. aranea refers to a spider web Station. CP 4408 (Type: MNHN P 2 ECT 112). The colonies form a loose net of stolons several cm across (Fig. 13 A). Erect zooids are attached by a narrow base on thin ramified stolons incrusted with sand. The glassy tunic of the zooids is less impregnated than the stolons and allows seeing the internal organs (Fig. 13 B). The body is longer than wide with a terminal long oral siphon. The atrial tubular siphon opens at ¼ of the body length. The oral aperture has 6 petal-like lobes. The body wall is thin but with a more or less extended network of blood sinuses. The sphincters are well developed at the base of the siphons. Few longitudinal muscular fibres extend from the oral side to the base of the atrial aperture on the dorsal side. The transverse muscular fibres are spaced and only lying over the dorsal part of the body lacking on each side of the endostyle. About 45 oral tentacles form a circle in alternating sizes. The dorsal tubercle is urnshaped above an elongated neural ganglion (Fig. 13 D). The branchial sac has 15 rows of stigmata and an average of 22 longitudinal vessels on each side (Fig. 13 C) but this number could be counted only in one less contracted colony. There is only one stigma per branchial mesh. The digestive tract occupies ¼ of the posterior left body side (Fig. 13 C). The stomach is spherical with a smooth wall (Fig. 13 D). The first part of the intestine shows 2 constrictions. The rectum curves to reach the oesophagus and then follows the dorsal line to the atrial aperture. The anus has 2 short lobes. The testis comprises piriform lobes arranged in a crescent inside the gut loop, not overpassing the intestine. The sperm duct follows the rectum and opens close to the anus. The ovary is placed near the centre of the testis half circle. No brood pouch was present in any zooid. Several Ecteinascidia species occur in the western Atlantic and are compared below.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA.taxon	description	E. concklini Berrill 1932, redescribed in Monniot C. (1972) and in Goodbody & Cole (2006) differs in having large zooids sometimes exceeding 2 cm, and stolons creeping on solid substrate surfaces. They have usually 20 rows of stigmata and 2 to 3 stigmata per mesh. The primary gut loop is closed but the secondary loop is wider with a long rectum. E. minuta Berrill, 1932 has zooids attached to the substrate by their ventral part and the stolons are also linked to the substrate. The zooids are only 5 to 6 mm long. The oral siphon is apical and the atrial one at mid distance of the body side. The branchial sac has an average of 15 stigmata rows. The primary gut loop is closed; the intestine has 4 longitudinal swellings (Monniot C. 1972 Fig. 2 D) and the rectum lies horizontally before a sharp bend. The anus opens at the level of the top of the gut loop. The gonad differs from all other Ecteinascidia with a mass of testis lobes well separated from the nearby ovary.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65E76377BF3FBC47FA8F816.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4357; CP 4388. The largest of the two specimens is 19 mm in length and 11 mm in width (Fig. 14 A). The body was attached by its left side. The tunic is vitreous and naked. The oral siphon has 8 lobes and the atrial siphon 6 lobes, both with red spots. The body wall is thin, especially on the left side which is almost devoid of musculature. A network of vessels is conspicuous in the posterior part of the body wall. Both siphons have regularly spaced circular muscles in a sphincter. The longitudinal muscle fibres issued from the oral siphon do not extend beyond the level of the third row of stigmata on the left, but extend a little more posteriorly on the right. Transverse fibres cover the whole right body side and become thicker near the dorsal line. Sixty oral tentacles were counted on one specimen and 55 in the other (Fig. 14 C). The pre-pharyngeal band is slightly curved dorsally. The neural gland lies at some distance from the button-like c-shaped dorsal tubercle which opens anteriorly. The space between the pre-pharyngeal band and the branchial tissue is particularly narrow. The dorsal lamina is long with high ribs on the left side and numerous denticles on the edge (Fig. 14 D). It extends farther than the oesophagus entrance on the left and on the right side the transverse vessels end in papillae (Fig. 14 B). The branchial tissue is flat and lies beyond the gut loop (Fig. 14 B). The longitudinal vessels are entire, 36 on the left side and 44 on the right in the largest specimen, but 32 and 36 in the smaller. They bear round papillae. There are no intermediate papillae and no parastigmatic vessels (Fig. 14 D). Three to 4 stigmata occur in a mesh. The digestive tract occupies 2 / 3 of the left body side. The oesophagus is short; the stomach has only inconspicuous internal folds. The intestine is not inflated with a long closed primary loop and a deeply curved secondary bend (Fig. 14 A). The plain-edged anus opens posteriorly to the top of the primary gut loop. The testis lobes are scattered above the intestine and the ovary comprises several round joined lobes included inside the primary gut loop (Fig. 14 A). The large oviduct and the sperm duct accompany the rectum and both open against the anus. Many oocytes were found freely in the atrial cavity.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65E76377BF3FD657EE8FC0D.taxon	description	The Guiana colonies are composed of only a few zooids with a naked surface and resemble those figured in Monniot C. (1972) and Goodbody & Cole (2006). The zooids are 15 mm long with short apical siphons close to each other. The main distinctive character is the wide open loop of the intestine. All anatomical characters are given in a description of the species by Monniot C. (1972) for Bermuda specimens. E. turbinata is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean (Goodbody & Cole 2006). It is recorded from Florida to Brazil including the Mexican gulf, and also from Spain to Senegal and the Mediterranean Sea (Ramos et al 1991).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65F76317BF3F9007F30FD63.taxon	description	Station. CP 4383. Only one specimen 2 cm in length was collected at 83 m depth. The tunic is vitreous and totally transparent but solid. The body was erect above a sandy base. The long atrial siphon is apical with 6 very short lobes, it has no muscular sphincter but a few circular muscular fibres (Fig. 15 A, B) apparently representing an extension of the body musculature The oral siphon is short with an undulated rim. The body musculature is unique in this genus. In addition to the 5 strong transverse fibres issued from the dorsal side which encircle the atrial siphon and extend on the dorsal body side, few very thin fibres lie at the base of the oral aperture and two thick short ribbons are placed in the middle of each body side (Fig. 15 A, B). The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a C. Thirty-two oral tentacles alternate in 2 sizes. The branchial sac is flat. Thirty longitudinal vessels were counted on each side. The stigmata are grouped 4 by 4, each with 2.5 not interrupted turns (Fig. 15 C). Twenty-two triangular rapheal languets become alternatively long and short near the oesophagus entrance. The gut forms a closed loop at the posterior part of the body prolonged along the dorsal line by a long rectum. The oesophagus is short giving into an olive-shaped stomach with 6 low folds on each side. The rectum ends at the base of the atrial siphon in a scalloped rim. The testis is ramified and spread over the whole intestinal loop mixed with the ovary. All characters of this ascidian well correspond to those of Caribbean specimens collected several times by several authors (Monniot C. 1983 a). More surprising are the records of this species in New Caledonia, Polynesia and Mozambique (Monniot C. 1997 and synonymy). The origin of this discrete but widely distributed species is unknown.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65876307BF3FA497CD0F8DE.taxon	description	Stations. SR 1; SS 7; SS 9. The encrusting colonies show elongated systems of zooids dark brown or somewhat reddish in formalin. The zooid oral siphon has low lobes. The atrial aperture is wide with a long upper languet (Fig. 16 A). The branchial sac has 8 to 10 stigmatal rows and a spot of pigmented cells is at the ventral extremity of each row. The gut is almost entirely located under the branchial sac (Fig. 16 A, B). The stomach has 8 straight folds, not enlarged at their extremity which constitutes a clear difference from Botrylloides nigrum. The pyloric caecum is as long as the stomach itself, curved, sometimes with the tip enlarged into an ampulla. (Fig. 16 C). The gut loop corresponds to the drawings in Monniot C. (1972 Fig 1) and Monniot C. (1983 b Fig. 1 D, E). The gonads have a lobed testis and a single oocyte. Precocious buds were found in many zooids. Many characters correspond to the redescription of the type by Brunetti (2010): colony structure, number of tentacles, number of stigmatal rows which are complete and the pigmented extremity of each row and the gut. Unfortunately the gonads were absent in Hartmeyer’s type. Brunetti (2010) estimated that specimens from Bermuda (Monniot C. 1972), Guadeloupe (Monniot C. 1983 b) and South Africa (Monniot C. et al. 2001) represent different species; this may be right but the type species revised was an immature single colony and the variability is not known therefore maintain provisionally our identifications. Other records from the Indian and Pacific Oceans likely do not correspond to B. magnicoecus. Botryllus pumilus n. sp. Figure: 17. Ethymology. pumilus = dwarf. Station. CP 4357 (Type MNHN S 1 BOT. B 230). Eight colonies, the largest only 5 mm in diameter were living free on the bottom. They are covered with sand, less dense at one pole where the oral siphons open, and with a short thread-like tunic expansion at the opposite side. Each colony is a single system of zooids with a central common opening. All zooids have gonads but at different stages of development in a single colony (Fig. 17 A, B). The body wall is colourless in formalin. The oral siphon is short. The atrial siphon has a thick languet or a tubular aperture (Fig. 17 E). The tentacles are in 2 sizes on a ring. The branchial sac has 12 to 13 rows of oval stigmata and 3 longitudinal parallel vessels on each side (Fig. 17 A, B) all reaching the base of the branchial sac. The dorsal lamina is long increasing in height posteriorly. The gut loop is horizontal and partly under the branchial sac. The stomach has 9 longitudinal folds and a tubular caecum ending in an ampulla (Fig. 17 D). The rectum runs vertically. There is one gonad on each side. On the left side the testis in several round vesicles is located anterior to the gut loop; the right one is symmetrical. The ovary when present contains 1 to 3 large oocytes anterior to the testis. The testis is reduced when tadpoles are present in the atrial cavity (Fig. 17 B). One bud is appended on each side of the body wall.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65976337BF3F8797D54FE12.taxon	description	One colony incrusting a mass of barnacles contains a dozen of zooids at different stages of development. The surface tunic is thick, wrinkled and brown in formalin. The basal layer is colourless and transparent. The zooids are dorso-ventrally flattened with the body not strongly adhering to the tunic except at the level of the siphons and at the gonads. The polycarps are located in a peduncle of the body wall which penetrates into the basal tunic. The distinctive anatomical characters of this common species are the 4 branchial folds / side and one longitudinal vessel in the spaces between them, the long stomach with a dozen folds and a small caecum, a smooth edged anus, numerous endocarps, and a few polycarps on each side made of a globular ovary and a testis in 2 elongated vesicles. Often recorded, E. tincta described from Bermuda has been collected in several parts of the Caribbean area and along the Brazilian coast (Rocha & Costa 2005 and synonymy).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65B76327BF3FF6D7FC7FE29.taxon	description	In thin sheets of tightly joined zooids the colonies settle on diverse kinds of substrates. They become uniformly grey in formalin. When fixed this species looks superficially like Symplegma rubra but differs by the gonads. In S. brakenhielmi there is on each side an ovary between 2 testis lobes, both male and female elements maturing at the same time. This species is widely distributed in all oceans and already known in the Western atlantic from Fblorida to Brazil (Rocha & Costa (2005).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B.taxon	description	The most part of the Guiana material is in poor condition and no coloration is retained. Most of the colonies encircle polychaete tubes. The zooid anatomy is that described from Bermuda (Monniot C. 1972). The gonads either male or female are located in different zooids. This species is recorded from diverse areas with variations in the number of stigmatal rows and stomach folds. In the western Atlantic it is known from Guadeloupe (Monniot C. 1983 b), Jamaica (Goodbody 1993), Gulf of Mexico (Lambert et al. 2005) and Brazil (Rocha & Costa 2005; Rodrigues et al. 1998). It is also present in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. Figures: 18, 19, 20. Stations. CP 4395 (Type MNHN S 1 CNE 238); CP 4396.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65B763F7BF3FDD77D08FC2B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. captiva refers to the prison in the Iles du Salut which was formerly a prison. Most of the specimens are strongly attached on Pectinidae shells (Fig. 18 A) or some others on stones. Among 20 specimens collected the largest are 2 cm in diameter. The body is hemispherical and brown; the siphons on the upper side are distant of 1 / 3 of the body width. The tunic is thick and corrugated superficially but thinner and colourless and a little expanded on the fixation surface. The body wall only adheres to the tunic by the siphons. It is colourless except on the siphons having 4 brown longitudinal lines. The reflex tunic inside the siphons bears acicular spinules (Fig. 20 A, B). The musculature forms a dense uniform coating of thin fibres on the whole body wall. The oral tentacles are numerous in 3 orders of size behind a velum. The prepharyngeal band curves dorsally to include the dorsal tubercle which opens anteriorly in a U. The dorsal lamina is a high blade increasing in height posteriorly. There are 4 low branchial folds on each side (Fig. 18 C, 19 A) not recovering each other and the most ventral one becomes thinner posterioly to almost disappear near the ventral line (Fig. 19 A). The formula in one specimen is RE- 4 (12) 4 (14) 5 (12) 5 (15) 2 DL (17) 5 (13) 6 (12) 5 (10) 4 EL There are 2 to 3 long stigmata per mesh between the folds crossed by parastigmatic vessels except ventrally where the meshes are wider. The gut occupies the posterior part of the left side (Fig. 18 B, 19 B) It is closely attached to the body wall but not included in it. The oesophagus is narrow and curved. The stomach is long and spindle-like with internal folds and no caecum (Fig. 19 B). The intestine forms a closed long loop ending in a scalloped anus. There is one long gonad on each side (Fig. 18 B, 19 B). (The left gonad was missing in one specimen). The gonads are made of a long sinuous ovary with one or few lateral branches of varied design in different zooids (Fig. 18 B, 19 B). The female papillae open near the atrial siphon; in one specimen the ovary has its extremity divided into 2 branches ending each ending in a separate papilla (Fig. 19 B). The testis lobes form irregular masses of vesicles applied to the ovary but scattered along it. The sperm duct follows the ovary. The internal layer of the body wall is spotted with multiple clear vesicles. Numerous foliated endocarps are present on the body wall, not evenly distributed but in two groups: some around the gonads and the gut loop and some others gathered in the middle but dorsal part of each body side (Fig. 19 B). The entrance of the atrial aperture is fringed with a line of thread-like papillae in half circle posteriorly and extended dorsally in a loop up to the neural area. A large atrial velum closes the atrial siphon. The deep and tropical Cnemidocarpa captiva n. sp. has a surprising likeness to two other Cnemidocarpa recorded from the Antarctic: C. drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911) and C. nordenskjoldi (Michaelsen, 1898). These two species only differ from each other by the orientation of the gut loop parallel to the endostyle in the former and crossing the ventral line in the later. They have in common with C. captiva the dome shaped body, 4 branchial folds / side, a single very long sinuous gonad on each side and a closed gut loop with a long stomach. C. captiva differs from both Antarctic species by the number and arrangement of the endocarps, an important distinctive character among the Styelidae. As in C. drygalskii C. captiva has the gut entirely on the left side but differs by the absence of a stomach caecum and its dorsal lamina is smooth. C. nordenskjoldi is the only one having numerous cloacal tentacules over the whole atrial velum. The choice to include the Guiana species into the genus Cnemidocarpa instead of Styela is based on the relative position of the male and female elements in the gonads. In Styela the testis lobes are at some distance from the ovary and only the sperm ducts join to it but in Cnemidocarpa the testis is included in the membrane covering the ovary. This distinction is sometimes difficult to interpret.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65676397BF3FBD57B31FBBE.taxon	description	Stations. SC 7; SS 10; SS 12. Either solitary or aggregated the specimens are erect with a maximum size of 1 cm and fixed by their posterior side (Fig. 21 A). The siphons are well separated and protruding, the atrial one more dorsal. The tunic is thick but soft, rough with sand particles limited to the basal part of the body (Fig. 21 A) the tunic is thick but soft. The body wall is opaque with a weak musculature. The oral tentacles are numerous behind a high velum. The C-shaped dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly. The dorsal lamina has a smooth edge. There are 4 branchial folds on each side not recovering each other (Fig. 21 B) and one or 2 longitudinal vessels lie between the folds. One branchial formula is: RE- 2 (5) 2 (8) 1 (10) 1 (12) DL (12) 2 (8) 2 (8) 2 (7) 2 LE There are no parastigmatic vessels. The digestive tract occupies a half of the left body side (Fig. 21 C). Its diameter is almost the same along its whole length. The stomach does not show folds externally and has no caecum. The primary loop is open and the rectum follows the dorsal body line. The anus has 2 rounded lobes. Numerous round polycarps (Fig. 21 C) are distributed over both body sides, 35 of them were counted on the right side of a specimen. They protrude from the body wall with the ovary enclosed inside the testis lobes, the papillae are small and joined. Numerous endocarps are irregularly located between the polycarps. A ring of filiform tentacles encircles the base of the atrial siphon. This description corresponds to the original Brazilian material and in Guiana too the individuals were often mixed with polycitorid colonies of Eudistoma. Polycarpa salutis n. sp. Figures: 22, 23. Stations. CP 4380; CP 4381 (Type MNHN S 1 POL. B 569); CP 4383 and 16 ° 29.7 ’ N – 61 ° 31.4 ’ W, 82 m (coll. Bouchet, 2015).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65676397BF3FBD57B31FBBE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. named after Iles du Salut. The body is globular (Fig. 22 A) with sessile siphons. The ventral side is incrusted with sediment and wears some tunic filaments; the upper part is naked and mammillated with small button-like papillae. The tunic is thick but soft. The largest specimen is 22 mm in diameter. The siphonal apertures are 4 - lobed. Extracted from the tunic the body wall is light brown, opaque, darker at the edge of the siphons. The sphincters around the siphons are large. The remaining of the musculature is made of a felting of dense regularly crossed fibres in a thick tissue. An oral velum is present. The oral tentacles are thin, 32 counted in one specimen in two sizes with smaller ones intercalated (Fig. 23 A). The pre-pharyngeal band is dorsally curved around a dorsal tubercle opened in a C. Papillae are present on the pre-pharyngeal space and the same papillae invade the whole internal layer of the body wall. There are no endocarps on the body sides except inside the gut loop (Fig. 22 B, 23 A). The branchial tissue is brown when fixed. The dorsal lamina has a plain edge and increases in height posteriorly (Fig. 23 B). The 4 branchial folds on each side are well spaced (Fig. 23 B). Formulae of 2 specimens are: RE 3 (11) 3 (13) 4 (12) 4 (13) DL (10) 3 (14) 4 (13) 4 (11) 4 LE RE 3 (10) 4 (10) 3 (9) 2 (10) 2 DL 1 (8) 2 (11) 3 (10) 4 (9) 3 LE The branchial folds are ventrally united to a horizontal membrane without terminal papillae of the longitudinal vessels (Fig. 23 B). Parastigmatic vessels are present. There are 8 to 12 stigmata in a mesh between the folds. The digestive tract occupies a little less than half of the left body side (Figs 22 B, 23 A). The oesophagus is short. The olive-shaped stomach has internal folds which do not appear externally. The primary gut loop is closed with an isodiametric intestine curved in a short rectum, the anus is rimmed by numerous round lobes. There is a caecum and a strip of tissue unites both limbs of the intestinal loop. One large or 2 foliated endocarps fill the primary gut loop (Fig. 22 A; 23 B) but none were found elsewhere. The gonads are bottle-shaped polycarps protruding from the body wall but covered by the same papillated transparent thin layer of tissue lining the internal side of the atrial cavity. This structure is hardly seen without staining. In each polycarp the testis vesicles are on each side of the central ovary. The sperm duct opens close to the female papilla. Nine to 12 scattered polycarps were counted on the right side and 6 to 9 on the left in specimens 2 cm in size. They are not neatly arranged in lines (Figs. 22 B; 23 A). The atrial siphon has a high circular membrane with filifom papillae and in addition a large internal velum. This deep living species differs from other Polycarpa known from the Western Atlantic (listed in Rocha & Moreno 2000) by a lobed anus, the absence of endocarps except in the gut loop, and the internal layer of the body wall covered with small papillae. The external aspect is also original with sand incrustation limited to the basal hemisphere of the body leaving naked the upper siphonal side. The external aspect of P. salutis reminds that of P. n i v o s a (Sluiter, 1898) redescribed by Sloot (1969) which differs in having a thin body wall no pyloric caecum a bilobed anus and no endocarps in the gut loop.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D650763A7BF3F9037CF2FF33.taxon	description	Station. CP 4381. The largest of the 3 specimens collected at 114 m are partially incrusted with sand with a few root-like basal expansions of the tunic. The largest is 9 x 7 mm. The siphons at a short distance from each other are not protruding. The tunic is thin but opaque. Without tunic the body is light brown with four darker lines on the siphons. The body wall musculature is weak in a felting of thin fibres. The internal layer of the body wall is spotted with groups of darker cells (Fig. 24 A, C) and the area near the siphons has a swollen pavement. Round endocarps are scattered everywhere (Fig. 24 A, C). There is an oral velum. About 50 oral tentacles are alternated in 3 orders of size, the largest thick and twisted like a corkscrew. The dorsal tubercle is C-shaped or a vertical slit. The space between the tentacles and the branchial sac is particularly narrow. The dorsal lamina is a low blade. The branchial sac has 4 spaced folds becoming thinner posteriorly (Fig. 24 B, D) Formulae of the right side in 2 specimens are: RE- 6 (11) 8 (12) 7 (12) 7 (12) 6 - DL RE- 6 (10) 10 (9) 10 (10) 10 (10) 9 - DL The folds are low and it is often subjective to decide whether a vessel belongs to a fold (Fig. 24 B, D). There are 1 or 2 stigmata in a mesh between the folds and parastigmatic vessels. The digestive tract is loosely attached to the body wall. It occupies the dorso-ventral part of the left side (Fig. 24 A, C). The stomach has 8 to 9 longitudinal ridges on the mesial side. The caecum is button-shaped. The rectum is long in a deep secondary gut loop (Fig. 24 A, C) with the anus in 2 low lobes. One specimen has 2 polycarps on each side, the anterior one smaller; another specimen has 2 gonads only on the right side; the third one has no gonads. The polycarps are oval very loosely attached to the body wall and to the branchial sac by thin tissue strips. Male and female papillae are joined. There is a ring of filiform processes at the atrial aperture	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65376067BF3FEDD7D4BF894.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4364; CP 4366; CP 4367; CP 4368; CP 4374; CP 4375; CP 4380; CP 4407. All specimens have the same spherical shape (Fig. 25 A) fixed by the ventral side sometimes a little expanded on the substrate with a rough tunic retaining some mud. The tunic is thick, resistant but soft. The siphons are close to each other with sharp spinules. The internal layer of the siphons remained yellow in formalin. Extracted from the tunic the body wall is colourless and thin with a weak musculature. Its internal layer is spotted with cells highly stainable (Fig. 26 A, B). A velum with undulated margin is present inside both siphons. The oral tentacles are in variable number, 4 of them longer (Fig. 25 B), the others distributed in 3 orders of size. In several specimens the tentacles are coiled. The prepharyngeal band has a single crest not deeply indented dorsally (Fig. 25 B). The dorsal tubercle is protruding and opens anteriorly in a U. The branchial tissue has a peculiar aspect due to the undulating longitudinal vessels (Fig. 25 C). There are 4 folds on each side but unequal. The most ventral fold is well apart, thinner than the others and progressively disappears posteriorly (Fig. 25 C). The space between the dorsal lamina and the first fold on the right enlarges posteriorly (Fig. 25 C). The branchial formula on the right side in a specimen of 18 mm in diameter is: E- 8 (10) 13 (18) 10 (18) 8 (20) 4 - DL and in another specimen: E- 4 (11) 8 (14) 6 (12) 6 (14) 4 - DL. These formulae are somewhat subjective as it is difficult to determine precisely when a vessel belongs or not to a fold. The digestive tube is thick in a single loop (Fig. 26 A, B). The stomach occupies a large part of the ascending limb and is not well separated from the intestine. Twelve to 14 folds can be seen in transparency on the mesial side. A wide bundle links the stomach to the intestine. The rectum does not draw a secondary loop. The edge of the anus is scalloped. The whole gut is loosely attached to the body wall and to the branchial sac by thin straps. There are 2 gonads on each side, each a long ovary with a basal massive testis in a cap (Fig. 26 A, B). The short sperm ducts issuing from the testis vesicles converge into a single sperm duct at the distal tip of the ovary which runs over it and ends close to the lobed female papilla. Numerous foliated endocarps are evenly distributed on the body (Fig. 26 A, B). A ring of dense thread-like tentacles encircles the ventral part of the atrial aperture and extends dorsally in a loop to reach the neural area.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65376067BF3FEDD7D4BF894.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4386 (Type MNHN S 2 PYU 496); CP 4358 and 16 ° 38.4 ’ N – 61 ° 31.3 W, 69 m (coll. Bouchet, 2015).	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D65376067BF3FEDD7D4BF894.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ocellata reminds the tunic design Among the 9 specimens collected from Guiana the largest reaches 2 cm in length (Fig. 27 A). They were attached posteriorly and lacked any epibionts. They are more or less faded in formalin but some red pigment remains at least on the siphons (Fig. 27 A, B) and more intense on more recent collected Guadeloupe specimens. The most remarkable is the structure of the surface of the tunic carved with round irregular scale-like flat compartments (Fig. 27 C), some of them with a central brown point. The edge of the siphons bears very small spinules wich are absent from the internal lining, and have a shape which is not the common one found in the genus Pyura (Fig. 27 E, F). The tunic is thin nacreous internally. The oral siphon is apical, the atrial at 1 / 3 or ½ of the body length. Devoid of tunic the body is colourless except the red siphons (Fig. 27 B). The musculature is a continuous sheet of dense but thin fibres issued from the siphons and crossing on the body sides (Figs 27 D, 28 B). There is a short oral velum. About 16 long oral tentacles are intercalated with smaller ones, they are several times ramified. The pre-pharyngeal band is not deeply indented. The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a C. The dorsal lamina is made of thin long languets. Six branchial folds are well spaced on each side (Fig. 28 A), the most ventral on each side narrower than the rest. There are of 2 to 4 stigmata per mesh on average between the folds. Parastigmatic vessels are present everywhere. Formulae in 2 specimens are: RE- 2 (13) 4 (13) 3 (17) 3 (17) 3 (16) 3 (18) 3 - DL- 3 (18) 2 (17) 3 (19) 3 (17) 4 (14) 4 (10) 4 - LE RE- 2 - (10) 3 (16) 3 (19) 3 (19) 3 (18) 2 (16) 3 - DL The gut forms a long loop reaching the anterior part of the body (Fig. 28 B). The oesophagus is wide, the stomach the same width but long, followed by an isodiametric intestine curved at the end (Figs 27 D, 28 B). The anus ends in a curious funnel-shaped anus (Figs 27 D, 28 B). The hepatic gland consists of 2 main parts; one of a bush of pale papillae on the oesophagus, few more or less isolated papillae on the cardiac part of the stomach and a large cauliflower mass of green papillae on the stomach (Fig. 28 B). There is one gonad on each side made of a tubular ovary attached to the body wall, fringed on each side with numerous testis lobes (for example: 46 on the right and 44 on the left) (Fig. 28 B). The left gonad occupies the whole length of the gut loop (Figs 27 D, 28 B). The right gonad draws a deep loop along the endostyle (Fig. 28 B). Male and female ducts are joined in a long papilla. (Fig. 28 B). Small endocarps are at the top of the testis lobes and the majority of the endocarps are distributed on a large part of the body wall on both sides, dorsally to the gut loop on the left and to the gonad on the right (Figs 27 D, 28 B). There are no endocarps on or inside the gut loop. The atrial velum is a large membrane but without thread-like processes. Pyura ocellata n. sp. differs from all Puyra species of the western Atlantic Ocean in having 6 branchial folds, the presence of numerous endocarps on the body wall but no endocarps along the intestine, minute spinules on the internal siphonal lining, and a peculiar design of the tunic surface.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D66876007BF3FF6D7A6DFD63.taxon	description	Station. CP 4348; CP 4386. Three specimens were settled on barnacles. Their tunic is tough, wrinkled and wears epibionts. The colour remains tarnish-orange in formalin (Fig. 29 A). The siphons are slightly protruding, one is apical and the other at mid-distance of the body length. The musculature is strong in large ribbons issued from the siphons they cross on each body side (Fig. 29 B, C). There is a large oral velum. There are 8 particularly large tentacles and 3 orders of smaller ones intercalated, they have a single branching. The U-shaped dorsal tubercle is in a deep V of the prepharyngeal band. The dorsal lamina is long with numerous sharp languets. The 6 the branchial folds on each side are high and partly recover each other (Fig. 29 E). The gut loop is long and narrow applied on the endostyle and covering only a part of the left ventral body side (Fig. 29 D). The hepatic gland is divided into small lobes over the oesophagus and a large mass of green papillae on the stomach. There is no secondary gut loop and the smooth edged anus opens near the oesophagus. There is a long gonad on each side. The left one occupies the whole length of the gut loop. The right gonad draws an arc following the endostyle to which it is applied. (Fig. 29 D). In each gonad the globular testis lobes (up to 50) alternate on each side of the tubular ovary tightly applied on the body wall. Gonoduct and sperm duct are joined and open in a long papilla close to the atrial aperture. The endocarps are only found in a line along the posterior intestine (Fig. 29 D), in a line along the dorsal side of the right gonad and on the testis lobes. There are no other endocarps on the middle sides of the body wall (Fig. 29 D). A velum closes the atrial siphon but no filiform processes were found at this level.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D66976007BF3FD2D7A11F889.taxon	description	Stations. CP 4349; CP 4355; CP 4356; CP 4357; CP 4378; CP 4379; CP 4381; CP 4383; CP 4387; CP 4399; CP 4409; CP 4410. More than a hundred specimens were collected from 30 m to 130 m depth. All are spherical, 8 mm maximum in diameter (Fig. 30 A). The tunic is thin, resistant and bears thin processes and sand. The siphons are close together and not protruding. When removed from the tunic the internal organs are visible through the thin body wall. The muscular sphincters of the siphons are strong. On the body well- separated longitudinal muscular fibres start from the oral part and from the atrial siphon (Fig. 31 A). They are crossed by transverse fibres essentially in the anterior part of the body. Rare muscular ribbons lie on the ventral side (Fig. 31 A). There are 12 oral tentacles with short ramifications of one or 2 orders intercalated with buttons. The pre-pharyngeal band is double and almost straight dorsally. The dorsal tubercle has a vertical slit. The dorsal lamina is double along its entire length (Fig. 31 B) prolonged around the oesophagus entrance. There are 5 longitudinal vessels on each side (Fig. 31 B), each erect above a vertical row of infundibula. In addition on each body side there is ventrally and dorsally another row of infundibula without a longitudinal vessel. Two imbricate stigmata in many turns form the infundibulum (Figs 30 A, 31 BB). The gut occupies almost all the left body side (Fig. 31 A). The oesophagus is wide and short. The stomach is deeply pigmented, 4 to 5 low longitudinal folds can be seen on the cardiac side. The intestine is wide with a long closed primary loop and a deep secondary curve. The anus has a smooth edge. The hepatic gland covers the stomach in small flat dark papillae. The kidney (Fig. 30 C; 31 A) is a round transparent vesicle without inclusion located on the right ventral side near the oesophagus below the gonad. There is one gonad on each side with the same shape. The left one has the male part inside the primary gut loop but the distal part of the ovary crosses the intestine (Fig. 31 A). Each gonad has separate male and female elements but closely applied. The testis is made of several oval lobes, more or les divided, pressed to each other to make a crescent (Figs 30 C, 31 A). Their short sperm ducts converge, some of them fuse but not all and they open in separate papillae against the blind extremity of the ovary. The ovary is a wide S-shape tube ending in a wide papilla near the dorsal line. This species corresponds in all points to the description of E. glutinans by Hartmeyer (1923) and Van name (1945) with a typical structure of the branchial sac having 5 longitudinal vessels but 7 vertical rows of infundibula on each side. Records of this species after 1945 are not sufficiently detailed to be taken into account. It is likely that a confusion may occur with E. arenosa (Alder & Hancock, 1848) which has the same gonad shape but 7 longitudinal branchial vessels per side. Considering that E. glutinans was recorded from the peri-Antarctic area only (except one record off California. in Van Name 1945) its presence in Guiana is surprising.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
A25D4D00D66A76027BF3F92C7CB9FE4B.taxon	description	The single specimen 13 mm in length and 5 mm in width is a little damaged. The body is covered with sand and has tunic filaments. The 6 large oral lobes are pinnate in two groups: 2 dorsal and 4 ventral. Devoid of tunic the musculature is easily seen with a strong oral sphincter and a wide ventral ribbon extending over the ventral side of the body made of parallel fibres. The neural ganglion is situated over a round neural gland in the narrow dorsal space between both siphons. The internal structure is hardly visible the tissues are not well fixed and dissection was not possible. The pharynx appears as a tube dorso-ventrally flat. The shape of the gut cannot be seen the stomach is damaged. A large renal vesicle contains a concretion. There is one gonad on each side made of a mulberry- shaped testis with a short central papilla. The ovary in an arc begins against the testis and ends close to the atrial aperture. Too many elements are missing to give a species name but this specimen likely belongs to the genus Asajirus. In the Atlantic Ocean several species have the same gonad shape with a long curved ovary and a massive testis (Monniot C. & F. 1990) but they differ in the musculature design. Snanamyan & Sanamyan (2006) included all these species in Asajirus indicus (Oka, 1913) widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean on the basis of individual variability but we do not follow this opinion.	en	Monniot, Françoise (2016): Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa 4114 (3): 201-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1
