identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DEF7AFCB4B1255FC84622EB42B7DD27B.text	DEF7AFCB4B1255FC84622EB42B7DD27B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunotia globicephala J. C. Taylor, Cocquyt & G. Walsh 2024	<div><p>Eunotia globicephala J.C.Taylor, Cocquyt &amp; G.Walsh sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Type.</p><p>REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.866944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.327194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.866944/lat -4.327194)">Confluence</a> of outflow from Lake Nanga and the Kouilou River; 4°19 ’37.9” S, 11°52 ’01.0” E; sample 13-335; holotype: slide SANDC-13-335 (SANDC), the valve representing the type is illustrated in Fig. 5F; isotype: slide BR 4756 (BR) .</p><p>LM description.</p><p>Valves linear, arcuate, morphologically variable over cell cycle. Ventral margins convex, dorsal margins concave. Apices distinctly capitate in large cells, subcapitate in smaller cells. Apices rostrate to weakly cordiform, strongly asymmetrical in larger cells, expanded ventrally, slightly indented in larger cells forming a shallow cleft. Cells planar to highly flexed round the apical axis, flexing may reach 90° (Fig. 5G). Terminal nodule barely visible. Cells weakly heteropolar in girdle view, most often exhibiting flexing around the apical axis. Cells constricted mid-valve. Valve length 25-40 µm, width 1.0-2.5 µm in the middle, and 3.0-4.5 µm at the poles. Striae visible under LM, 15-22 in 10 µm .</p><p>SEM description.</p><p>Striae uniseriate externally and internally, composed of round areolae, occluded externally by hymenes. Striae continue onto valve mantle near the apices, becoming discontinuous close to the apices (Fig. 6F). Striae interrupted externally at the margin by a slightly thickened silica ridge. Striae evenly spaced, parallel at the centre of the valve becoming radial at the apices (Fig. 6A, B). Raphe slits clearly visible externally and internally, extending onto the valve face terminating very close to the valve apices (Fig. 6D). Valve mantle shallow, at 90° to the valve face (Fig. 6E). Conical spines present at valve face/mantle junction in larger cells (Fig. 6C, E), absent in smaller cells (Fig. 6A). Internally, terminal raphe branches terminating onto small but well-defined helictoglossae (Fig. 6D). Girdle composed of several open, perforated copulae, bearing one row of occluded areolae (Fig. 6C). One rimoportula present, always located close to the terminal raphe ending at the ventral part of one of the apices (Fig. 6F).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>At present only known from the type locality.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species was collected at the confluence of Lake Nanga and the Kouilou River. The site is situated in a seasonally flooded, forest-grassland-wetland mosaic in the Kouilou plain. Water at the time of sampling was slightly turbid with circumneutral pH (6.94), low conductivity (74.8 µS .cm-¹), and moderate oxygen levels (53.8% saturation).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet Eunotia globicephala refers to the genus of the long-finned pilot whale [ Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)] as the apices of Eunotia globicephala bear a strong resemblance to the head and rostrum of this whale when seen in profile.</p><p>Registration.</p><p>http://phycobank.org/104057</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the Eunotia globicephala population observed from the Republic of the Congo cells can be planar to highly flexed around the apical axis, flexing may reach 90° (Figs 5G, N, 6B). Flexing was only observed in larger cells. This twisting may have an advantage for colony formation in that twisted cells will allow for the formation of rather more complex three-dimensional net-like structures rather than flattened colonies as are found in Asterionella formosa Hassall. As cell attachment usually is in the form of a mucus pad forming on the cell apex near to the ventral margin a cell twisted through 90° would provide an attachment site that would be perpendicular to that cell. A three-dimensional net-like structure could provide greater resistance to sinking and help maintain the position of the colony within the euphotic zone. Interestingly, the raphe never seems to be reduced in this taxon as is the case in E. zasuminensis and E. magnaparva .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEF7AFCB4B1255FC84622EB42B7DD27B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Taylor, Jonathan C.;Cocquyt, Christine;Walsh, Gina	Taylor, Jonathan C., Cocquyt, Christine, Walsh, Gina (2024): Tropical African diatoms from the Eunotia asterionelloides (Bacillariophyta) species complex, with descriptions of new species. Plant Ecology and Evolution 157 (1): 88-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779
B74F4413F88C5F58AE10C433176F4D7D.text	B74F4413F88C5F58AE10C433176F4D7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunotia magnaparva J. C. Taylor & Cocquyt 2024	<div><p>Eunotia magnaparva J.C.Taylor &amp; Cocquyt sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Type.</p><p>D.R. CONGO • Province of Équateur, Bonkele River, between Bamania and Ilenge near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.349167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.0016666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.349167/lat 0.0016666667)">Eala</a>; 0°00 ’06.0” N, 18°20 ’57.0” E; sample CCA 4521; holotype: BR, slide BR 4755, the valve representing the type is illustrated in Fig. 1Y; isotype: SANDC, slide SANDC-23-154 .</p><p>LM description.</p><p>Valves linear, arcuate, with considerable morphological variance over cell cycle. Ventral margins convex, dorsal margins concave. Apices distinctly capitate in large cells, subcapitate in smaller cells, bluntly rounded in the smallest cells. Apices rounded to weakly cordiform, slightly asymmetrical, expanded ventrally, indented forming a cleft in larger cells. Terminal nodule barely visible. In girdle view cells weakly heteropolar, often exhibiting some degree of flexing around the apical axis. Larger cells constricted mid-valve. Valve length 8.5-40.0 µm, width 2.0-4.0 µm in the middle, and 2.5-8.0 µm at the poles. Striae visible under LM, 16-24 in 10 µm . Striae interrupted at various points around the mid region on the apical axis of the valve, especially near to the apices in larger cells but throughout the valve in smaller cells.</p><p>SEM description.</p><p>Striae uniseriate externally and internally, composed of round areolae, occluded externally by hymenes (Fig. 3D). Striae continuing onto valve mantle near the apices becoming discontinuous and offset near the centre of the valve (Fig. 2C). Externally striae interrupted at the margin by a slightly thickened silica ridge. Small, conical marginal spines present in some cells (Fig. 2A, B), especially prominent at the valve apex (Fig. 2A), sometimes reduced and barely visible or absent on smaller cells (Fig. 2D). Striae evenly spaced, parallel at the centre of the valve becoming radial at the apices (Fig. 3C). Raphe slits visible externally and internally, sometimes extending onto the valve face and terminating very close to the valve apices (Fig. 3D). Raphe slit often, though not always, greatly reduced externally in larger cells (Fig. 3B). Valve mantle shallow, at 90° to the valve face. Internally, terminal raphe branches terminating onto small, rather elongated but well-defined helictoglossae in smaller cells (Fig. 4D, E), absent in larger cells (Fig. 4F). Girdle bands open with one row of occluded areolae (Fig. 4B, C). One rimoportula present on each valve, always located close to the terminal raphe ending at the ventral part of one of the apices (Fig. 4F).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The herbarium sheets sampled for diatom investigation (CCA 4510, 4511, 4521) on which Eunotia magnaparva sp. nov. was observed all came from the region around Eala, in the Province of Équateur, D.R. Congo. So far, this taxon was not observed in other materials from D.R. Congo.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species was found on Utricularia and Nymphaea lotus . No further data was collected at the time of sampling.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet Eunotia magnaparva refers to the variability of this species in terms of size over the cell cycle, magna being large and parva small, reflecting that the cells range from particularly small to comparatively large.</p><p>Registration.</p><p>http://phycobank.org/104056</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The diminution series as presented in Fig. 1 shows a notable degree of difference in the cell morphology over the cell cycle. These differences are apparent in the shape of the apices, the cell length to breadth ratio, as well as in the structure of the raphe. The width of the cells dramatically decreases with an increase in cell length. In larger cells the raphe may be highly reduced and only present at the junction of the valve face and mantle (Fig. 3A, B), while in smaller cells the raphe is longer and extends onto the valve face (Fig. 2D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B74F4413F88C5F58AE10C433176F4D7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Taylor, Jonathan C.;Cocquyt, Christine;Walsh, Gina	Taylor, Jonathan C., Cocquyt, Christine, Walsh, Gina (2024): Tropical African diatoms from the Eunotia asterionelloides (Bacillariophyta) species complex, with descriptions of new species. Plant Ecology and Evolution 157 (1): 88-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779
642DBDECCEA3510A9CD0B97AC1CD7970.text	642DBDECCEA3510A9CD0B97AC1CD7970.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunotia tukanorum C. E. Wetzel & D. C. Bicudo	<div><p>Eunotia tukanorum C.E.Wetzel &amp; D.C.Bicudo</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Samples.</p><p>The cells observed from CCA 1847 and CCA 1849 have morphological characteristics that we consider to be consistent with the description of E. tukanorum as presented in Wetzel et al. (2010). We include a description of the population from D.R. Congo.</p><p>LM description.</p><p>Valves linear, arcuate with parallel margins. Ventral margins concave, dorsal margins convex. Apices slightly protracted and slightly expanded, rounded to bluntly rounded to slightly rectangular. Helictoglossae on the terminal nodules visible under LM as a small dot on the ventral margin. In girdle view, cells thin, isopolar, constricted in the middle portion. Striae parallel and equidistant, becoming radial towards the apices and always visible in LM. Valves measured in the present study (n = 18) with the following dimensions: length 19.5-31.0 µm, width 2.0-3.0 µm in the centre of the valve, and 2.5-3.0 µm at the apices. Stria density 20-22 striae per 10 µm in the centre of the valve. Valves measured from the type population (Wetzel et al. 2010) had the following dimensions: length 9-30.5 µm, width 2.5-3.5 µm in the centre of the valve, and 3.0-3.5 µm at the apices. Stria density 23-27 striae per 10 µm in the centre of the valve. Observed cells with characteristics consistent in general with the type population with the exception of the stria densities. Costa et al. (2017), however, documented a population from Brazil with lower stria density and consistent with the striae counts obtained in the present study (Table 1).</p><p>SEM description.</p><p>Externally and internally, areolae composed of small round pores (Fig. 7A), extending across the valve face and onto the mantle (Fig. 7B). Valve face bordered by small spines, especially at the apices (Fig. 7C). Raphe almost entirely restricted to the valve mantle on larger cells (Fig. 7B) and often highly reduced (Fig. 7C) although extremely variable and occasionally continuing onto the valve face at the terminal ends (Fig. 7A), more often observed in smaller cells. Valve mantle shallow and perpendicular to the valve face (Fig. 7B). Internally, raphe distally terminating onto a small helictoglossa (Fig. 7C), restricted to the valve mantle. One small rimoportula found at one end of the valve close to the centre of the apex (Fig. 7E).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>The fishponds in which the species was found are used to farm Tilapia and Clarius . Water slowly enters the ponds to keep them full and the fish are fed. Concurrently with the collection of sample CCA 1847, the following parameters were measured: water temperature 30°C, electrical conductivity 16 µS .cm-1, dissolved oxygen concentration 0.88 mg.L-1. Parameters measured for sample CCA 1849 were: water temperature 29.9°C, electrical conductivity 16 µS .cm-1, dissolved oxygen concentration 1.81 mg.L-1.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Wetzel et al. (2010) cite several defining characteristics for this taxon including the valve outline, weakly silicified delicate cells, hyaline striae, and thin cells in girdle view. The taxon from the D.R. Congo identified as Eunotia tukanorum and illustrated in the present study has characteristics consistent with these.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642DBDECCEA3510A9CD0B97AC1CD7970	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Taylor, Jonathan C.;Cocquyt, Christine;Walsh, Gina	Taylor, Jonathan C., Cocquyt, Christine, Walsh, Gina (2024): Tropical African diatoms from the Eunotia asterionelloides (Bacillariophyta) species complex, with descriptions of new species. Plant Ecology and Evolution 157 (1): 88-99, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.106779
