identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1984DD6641C7522580E508BC5BA01C9C.text	1984DD6641C7522580E508BC5BA01C9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma longistipes Gonkhom, Sysouph. & Thongkl. 2025	<div><p>Scleroderma longistipes Gonkhom, Sysouph. &amp; Thongkl. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Epigeous brown to burnt umber basidiomata with long stipe, rubbery pale brown peridium, hyaline to yellow brown hyphae in exoperidium, hyaline hyphae in endoperidium, globose dark brown basidiospores with echinulate or spinose ornamentation.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai District, Mae Fah Luang University campus, 04 June 2019, collected by Didsanutda Gonkhom, DG 109 (MFLU 19-1655).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name (longistipes) refers to the long stipe of the basidiomata.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata epigeous, 28–35 mm in diam., 42–60 mm high, club-shaped, with globular peridial head; with cracked to squamulose surface, brown (6 E 5) background when young, with fawn (7 E 4) to brown (6 E 5) or burnt umber (6 F 6) squamular cracks upon luteous background, hard skin, tough when mature. Stipe sub-cylindric, fat, with small irregular cracks at the top of the strip, 35–45 × 10–13 mm, white background, covered with brown (6 E 5) fibrillose squamules. Rhizomorphs more aggregated at the base, white, branched, and narrowing towards the base. Context white in peridium and stipe, turned dull red to greyish red (98 B 4-5) when cut. Peridium up to 5 mm wide when fresh, rubbery in consistence, pale brown (6 D 5).</p><p>Peridium layer formed by simple-septate hyphae. Exoperdium slightly thickened walls, composed of interwoven to ramified and superimposed hyphae, hyaline to yellow brown, 2.9–3.8 µm diam. Endoperdium thick, composed of interwoven hyphae, hyaline, 4.3–7.2 µm diam. Clamp connections present on endoperidium hyphae. Gleba brownish grey (9 E 2), greyish brown (9 E 3), or oxblood red (9 E 7) to dark brown (9 F 4-7), compact, and powdery when mature. Basidiospores (n = 50) globose, echinulate, dark brown in KOH, (13.4 –) 14.5–17.2 (19.5) µm in diam., with brown spinose ornamentation (2.6–5.9 µm high). Basidia not seen.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Caespitose or fasciculated on soil, epigeous, in northern Thailand.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai District, Mae Fah Luang University campus, 04 June 2019, collected by Didsanutda Gonkhom, DG 110 (MFLU 19-1656) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Scleroderma longistipes is characterized by a larger brown basidiomata with a longer stipe that turns from dull red to greyish red when touched. The basidiospores are globose with longer brown spines. According to the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), Thai specimens of Scleroderma longistipes are identical to an unknown species from Malaysia (LH 35) (Peay et al. 2010) and an unknown species from Thailand (ECM 26 - SERS) (Yuwa-Amornpitak et al. 2006). However, these two taxa were only identified as Sclerodermataceae species. Scleroderma separatum Z. W. Ge, R. Wu &amp; L. R. Zhou, a species originally described from Yunnan, southwestern China, is a species related to S. longistipes by having a stipe. However, Scleroderma longistipes appears closely related to S. separatum, has smaller basidiomata, a greenish yellow background, a slender stipe (5–30 × 3–5 mm), smaller basidiospores (4.5–8.5 µm), and shorter basidiospore spines (1.2–2.5 µm) (Wu et al. 2023). Furthermore, S. separatum is related to S. longistipes by phylogenetic analysis with low bootstrap support (BS) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Scleroderma longistipes is also similar to S. columnare Berk. &amp; Broome. However, S. columnare has stellate dehiscence at the upper part of basidiomata in old specimens (London 1911), and S. columnare is also related to S. longistipes with low BS (Fig. 1). Additionally, S. nitidum Berk. is morphologically similar to S. longistipes, sharing the stipitate morphology but differing in having a glossy peridium, smaller basidiospores (5–7 µm) with denser, shorter spines, and no color change when bruised (Guzmán 1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1984DD6641C7522580E508BC5BA01C9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gonkhom, Didsanutda;Sysouphanthong, Phongeun;Stadler, Marc;Thongklang, Naritsada;Hyde, Kevin D.	Gonkhom, Didsanutda, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Stadler, Marc, Thongklang, Naritsada, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Three new species and one new record of Scleroderma (Sclerodermataceae, Boletales) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 123: 69-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.160438
037560B7F42956FCB22A359D821FC5BC.text	037560B7F42956FCB22A359D821FC5BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma magnisporum Gonkhom, Sysouph. & Thongkl. 2025	<div><p>Scleroderma magnisporum Gonkhom, Sysouph. &amp; Thongkl. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Epigeous basidiomata with irregular club shape, smooth to slightly cracked to squamulose peridial head, brown to burnt umber, sessile or short pseudostipitate stipe, white, pale brown context, with hyphae simple-septate in both endoperidium and exoperidium, dark brown globose to subglobose basidiospores with crowded spines.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai District, 16 July 2010, collected by Naritsada Thongklang, NTF 062 (MFLU 19-1345).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name “ magnisporum ” refers to its larger basidiospores.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata epigeous, 35 mm in height, 22–34 mm in diam., club-shaped, with an irregularly globular peridial head; surface smooth, slightly cracked to squamulose, brown (6 E 5) to burnt umber (6 F 6), on pale orange (5 A 3) background. Sessile or short pseudostipitate (10 mm high), brown (6 E 5). Context thick, up to 5 mm wide. Exoperidium composed of hyphae simple-septate, interwoven, hyaline to yellow, 4.1–5.8 µm in diam. Endoperidium layer formed by hyphae simple-septate, with slightly thickened walls, interwoven, hyaline, 5.8–9.6 µm in diam., and hyphae from the endoperidium toward the gleba are pale yellow (4 A 3) and black in the mature gleba. Clamp connections present on endoperidium hyphae. Basidiospores (n = 50) globose to subglobose, echinulate with crowded curved spines, dark brown in KOH, (7.67 –) 12.42–8.42 (– 13.46) × (10.33 –) 14.53–11.42 (– 15.50) µm including ornamentation. Basidia not seen.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Solitary on soil, epigeous, in northern Thailand.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Northern Thailand.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Scleroderma magnisporum is characterized by a smooth, slightly cracked surface and larger basidiospores. The microcharacter of S. magnisporum is similar to that of S. hypogaeum Zeller. However, S. hypogaeum, originally described from Oregon, has a smooth, slightly cracked, or subscaly basidiome, with larger basidiospores up to 22–30 μm diam. (Zeller 1922; Guzmán et al. 2013). S. magnisporum is phylogenetically close to Scleroderma microcarpum (MFLU 19-1347) in this study (Fig. 1). Both species are clearly different in their basidiomata size and shapes; the basidiomata of S. microcarpum are much smaller than those of S. magnisporum (7.6–15.5 µm diam.). While S. yunnanense shares with S. magnisporum a smooth to faintly cracked peridium and large basidiospores (15–20 μm), it has a pale yellow to ochre peridium (Guzmán 1970; Zhang et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/037560B7F42956FCB22A359D821FC5BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gonkhom, Didsanutda;Sysouphanthong, Phongeun;Stadler, Marc;Thongklang, Naritsada;Hyde, Kevin D.	Gonkhom, Didsanutda, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Stadler, Marc, Thongklang, Naritsada, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Three new species and one new record of Scleroderma (Sclerodermataceae, Boletales) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 123: 69-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.160438
15A8243129F25AF5880DC8A2795B5243.text	15A8243129F25AF5880DC8A2795B5243.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma microcarpum Gonkhom, Sysouph. & Thongkl. 2025	<div><p>Scleroderma microcarpum Gonkhom, Sysouph. &amp; Thongkl. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Different from the similar species S. dictyosporum in having smaller basidiomata and larger basidiospores.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province, Mae On District, 9 October 2019, collected by Didsanutda Gonkhom, DG 002 (MFLU 19-1347) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name “ microcarpum ” refers to the small size of the basidiomata.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata epigeous, 20–21 mm in diam. 10–20 mm in height, circular when young, depressed at maturity; surface smooth and with small scales when young stage, light yellow (5 A 4-5), covered with brown (7 E 6-8) squamules when mature. Stipe sessile or short pseudostipitate (less than 4 mm long). Rhizomorphs at the base, white, branched, narrowing towards the base. Context up to 2 mm thick, light yellow (5 A 4-5).</p><p>Peridium layer formed by simple hyphae septate, hyaline to yellow brown. Exoperdium 6.9–9.3 µm in diam., with clamp connections. Endoperidium 4.2–8.2 µm in diam., with or without clamp connections. Gleba white – yellowish white (3 A 1-2), compact, and powdery when mature. Basidiospores (n = 50) globose to subglobose, echinulate, grayish brown in KOH, (3.97 –) 6.07–6.51 (– 8.15) × (8.24 –) 10.77–11.61 (– 13.33) µm in diam. Basidia not observed.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Caespitose or fasciculated on soil, epigeous, in northern Thailand.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Northern Thailand.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Scleroderma microcarpum is characterized by small basidiomata with a smooth and small scale on the surface and larger basidiospores and globose echinulate. Scleroderma microcarpum is phylogenetically related to S. dictyosporum Pat. with low BS (Fig. 1). Both species have echinulate basidiospores. However, S. dictyosporum has a larger basidiomata (24–28 mm in diam.) (Sanon et al. 2009) and has smaller basidiospores (7–9 µm wide) (Patouillard 1896; Sanon et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15A8243129F25AF5880DC8A2795B5243	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gonkhom, Didsanutda;Sysouphanthong, Phongeun;Stadler, Marc;Thongklang, Naritsada;Hyde, Kevin D.	Gonkhom, Didsanutda, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Stadler, Marc, Thongklang, Naritsada, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Three new species and one new record of Scleroderma (Sclerodermataceae, Boletales) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 123: 69-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.160438
6C8A789B83085BB399A016E65B394F50.text	6C8A789B83085BB399A016E65B394F50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma separatum Z. W. Ge, R. Wu & L. R. Zhou.	<div><p>Scleroderma separatum Z. W. Ge, R. Wu &amp; L. R. Zhou.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata are epigeous, 12–28 mm in diam., 17–45 mm in height, globose, subglobose to irregularly oblate, tan (3 D 3) to ochraceous – brown (5 E 2). Peridium is leathery, thin, 0.5–1.0 mm thick when fresh, and becomes much thinner when dry, hay (5 C 4) to greenish-yellow (3 B 4) background. Peridium layer formed by hyphae simple-septate, with slightly thickened walls, interwoven, hyaline, exoperidium 2.4–4.4 µm in diam., and endoperidium 4.1–6.0 µm in diam. with clamp connections. Gleba grey (8 F 1) – dark brown (8 F 5), compact, and powdery when mature. Stipe is subcylindric, 20–50 mm in length and 5–10 mm in diam., with numerous white rhizomorphs at the base. Basidiospores globose, occasionally subglobose, dark brown in KOH, (12.31 –) 13.23–14.35 (– 16.49) × (11.53 –) 13.78–14.29 (– 16.30) µm in diam., including ornamentation (spinose up to 1.7–3.9 µm high), n = 50, coated by crowded curved spines. Basidia not seen.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Caespitose or fasciculated on soil, epigeous, in tropical and temperate regions of China and Thailand.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province, Mae Rim District, Mae Sa, 28 July 2010, MFLU 19-1347 (NTF 066) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>This is based on a single Thai specimen. Thai specimens are considered to be similar to specimens of S. separatum from Southwestern China by having epigeous basidiomata. The molecular analysis also supports identification (Fig. 1). The species grows under a forest dominated by Pinus yunnanensis (Wu et al. 2023) . Nonetheless, the samples from Thailand were frequently taken from mixed forests or the litter of Pinus trees. These results suggest that this species is found on both Quercus and Pinus . Since the initial description, this is the second record of the species.</p><p>Among 82 accessions, including the newly described species, the length of the entire ITS, LSU, rpb 2, and tef 1 - α comprised 4233 base pairs. The Scleroderma species known from this study include Scleroderma columnare, S. sinnamariense, and S. suthepense (Fig. 6).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C8A789B83085BB399A016E65B394F50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gonkhom, Didsanutda;Sysouphanthong, Phongeun;Stadler, Marc;Thongklang, Naritsada;Hyde, Kevin D.	Gonkhom, Didsanutda, Sysouphanthong, Phongeun, Stadler, Marc, Thongklang, Naritsada, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Three new species and one new record of Scleroderma (Sclerodermataceae, Boletales) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 123: 69-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.160438
