identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9D21FC4B5A41B36F405624A2FA96976C.text	9D21FC4B5A41B36F405624A2FA96976C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castaneda 2014	<div><p>Genus Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2014</p><p>Key to males of species of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (adapted from Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2014))</p><p>1. Species with fore and mid legs black and white ............................................................................... 5</p><p>– Species without contrasted coloration on the fore and mid legs ...................................................... 2</p><p>2. Hind femora completely ochre, brown, dark brown, or blackish, but without white marks ............ 3</p><p>– Hind femora with only some whitish bands along its outer margin and close to its base .................. ....................................................................... Zebragryllus intermedius Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>3. All femora ochre, tegmina short, not surpassing the fourth tergite .................................................. 4</p><p>– Fore and mid legs all blackish or dark brown. Tegmina well-developed, covering the subgenital plate tip ............................................................................................. Z. fuscus Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>4. Tegmina without stridulatory apparatus .... Z. aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov.</p><p>– Tegmina with stridulatory apparatus .... Z. mebengokre Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov.</p><p>5. Very small species with light ochre hindlegs, making the contrasted coloration less clear. Genitalia with lateral lophi hidden under pseudepiphallic sclerite .......... Z. nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Medium-sized species with a black and white ‘zebra’ pattern. Genitalia with lateral lophi not hidden under pseudepiphallic sclerite............................................................................................................ 6</p><p>6. Base of antennae brown (scape +about 30 antennomeres), followed by a short white ring of about ten antennomeres. Maxillary palpi dark brown, fourth joint white .................................................... ............................................................................................. Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Base of antennae white. Maxillary palpi dark brown, fourth joint lighter only dorso-basally ......... 7</p><p>7. Harp with 2–4 veins; genitalia with lophi ‘foliaceous’ ..... Z. guianensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Male harp with two veins; genitalia with lophi sub-conical ............................................................... ............................................................ Z. wittoto Desutter-Grandcolas and Cadena-Castañeda, 2014</p><p>Key to females of species of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (adapted from Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2014))</p><p>1. Species with fore and mid legs black and white; abdomen also black and white (little contrasted in the light brown Z. nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014) ...................................................................... 3</p><p>– Species without contrasted coloration on the fore and mid legs. Abdomen without distinct white tergites ............................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Hind femora completely ochre, without white marks. Tegmina reaching up to the first abdominal tergite ....................................... Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov.</p><p>– Hind femora brown with only some whitish bands along its outer margin and close to its base. Tegmina very short, mostly covered by pronotum ......... Z. intermedius Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>3. Very small species with light ochre hindlegs, making the contrasted coloration less clear. Forewings quite long for the genus, overlapping on the anal area, with many cells between longitudinal veins; third and fourth (partially) tergites lighter than the others but not contrastingly white ........................................................................................ Z. nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Medium-sized species with a black and white ‘zebra’ pattern. Fore wings absent or short, not reaching the first abdominal tergite .................................................................................................. 4</p><p>4. Base of antennae brown (scape +about 30 antennomeres), followed by a short white ring of about 10 antennomeres. Short and slightly overlapping forewings; abdomen dark brown, metanotum and third tergite with a wide transverse and continuous white stripe ........................................................ ............................................................................................. Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Base of antennae white. Apterous or with shorter forewings; abdomen coloration different .......... 5</p><p>5. Apterous; posterior margin of metanotum with a white semicircular band covering part of the first tergite anterior margin. Fourth to sixth tergites white in their anterior two/third, except on a short medio-dorsal line, black .................................................... Z. guianensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>– Forewings short, not overlapping; metanotum with a white half ring and a pair of faint whitish bands on fourth and fifth tergites .................... Z. wittoto Desutter-Grandcolas &amp; Cadena-Castañeda, 2014</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A41B36F405624A2FA96976C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A46B36740BA237FFC1B9170.text	9D21FC4B5A46B36740BA237FFC1B9170.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castaneda 2024	<div><p>Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C2212D6F-194D-49C7-BA27-B113E0B51C55</p><p>Figs 1–5, 16A–C</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Specimens dark (Figs 1A–B, 4A–B). Tympana reduced or absent (Fig. 2A–F). All femora entirely ochre, without the ‘zebra’ pattern (Fig. 2A–C, G–K). Males dorsally with head, pronotum, tegmina, and first abdominal tergite black (Fig. 1A–E); without stridulatory apparatus (Fig. 1E). Comparatively, all the other known species of Zebragryllus are easily distinguished for having stridulatory apparatus on the male tegmina. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallic median lophi elongated, conspicuously produced hind- and upwards, very narrow, and apically acute, ventrally with a sharp keel. Pseudepiphallic lateral lophi acute. Pseudepiphallic paramere surpassing the lateral lophi; in ventral view, slightly arched. Ectophallic fold very thin, not reaching the level of the pseudepiphallic paramere apex (Fig. 3A–D). Female with the black coloration extending till the second abdominal tergite (Fig. 4A–D); remaining tergites dark brown; ovipositor straight and almost as long as the hind femora (Fig. 4A, H–I). Female genitalia: copulatory papilla with posterior margin of dorsal surface widely concave, and the anterior margin with medial process emarginated, flanking the spermatheca duct (Fig. 4L); ventral surface acute anteriorly (Fig. 4M); in lateral view, posterior portion taller than anterior one (Fig. 4N).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet “ aphonus ” refers to the absence of a stridulatory apparatus, which makes the cricket incapable of producing sound.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Pará, Cannã dos Carajás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.390697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3981943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.390697/lat -6.3981943)">S11C-0033 cave</a>; 6°23′53.5″ S, 50°23′26.5″ W; 16 Aug. 2022; J.P. Alves and D. Souza leg.; except for the right foreleg, all the remaining legs have fallen but are stored in the same specimen vial, one palpus, the subgenital plate, the right tegmen, and the phallic complex were removed but kept in a microvial with the specimen; MPEG. HEX 05050607.</p><p>Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; except for the left hindleg, all the remaining legs have fallen but are stored in the same specimen vial, the subgenital plate, the seventh abdominal sternite, and the copulatory papilla were removed but kept in a microvial with the specimen; MPEG. HEX 05050608 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.382805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3981943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.382805/lat -6.3981943)">S11C-0066 cave</a>; 6°23′53.5″ S, 50°22′58.1″ W; 9 Oct. 2022; except for the left foreleg and right hindleg, all the remaining legs have fallen but are stored in the same specimen vial; MPEG. HEX 05050609 .</p><p>Other material</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 immature (sex unknown); same locality as for holotype; 6°23′53.5″ S, 50°23′26.5″ W; 15 Feb. 2023; J.P. Alves and D. Souza leg.; ISLA107969 • 1 immature (sex unknown); same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.38978&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.39875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.38978/lat -6.39875)">S11C-0110 cave</a>; 6°23′55.5″ S, 50°23′23.2″ W; 15 Feb. 2023; ISLA107970 • 1 ♀, immature; same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.38978&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.39875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.38978/lat -6.39875)">S11C-0110 cave</a>; 6°23′55.5″ S, 50°23′23.2″ W; 16 Aug. 2022; ISLA107971 • 1 ♂, immature; same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.39889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3824444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.39889/lat -6.3824444)">S11C-0121 cave</a>; 6°22′56.8″ S, 50°23′56.0″ W; 4 Aug. 2022; ISLA107972 • 1 ♂, immature; same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.392696&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3911667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.392696/lat -6.3911667)">S11C-0037 cave</a>; 6°23′28.2″ S, 50°23′33.7″ W; 12 Aug. 2022; ISLA107973 • 1 immature (sex unknown); same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.385696&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.385696/lat -6.3995)">S11C-0050 cave</a>; 6°23′58.2″ S, 50°23′8.5″ W; 8 Aug. 2022; ISLA107974 • 2 immatures (sex unknown); same collection data as for preceding; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.38853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.38853/lat -6.402)">S11C-0092 cave</a>; 6°24′7.2″ S, 50°23′18.7″ W; 17 Aug. 2022; ISLA107975 to 107976 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>COLORATION. Specimens very dark (Figs 1A–E, 4A–D). Cephalic capsule, pronotum, and tegmina black (Fig. 1A–E). Abdominal tergites dark brown and posteriorly black (Figs 1B, 4B), each with midline of black punctuations extending from lateral to the dorsolateral portion. Some whitish spots sometimes present on head dorsum (Fig. 1B). Eyes black, ocelli whitish. Scapus and pedicel yellowish, flagellomeres brown. Clypeus and labrum dark brown. Mandibles proximally black and mediodistally reddish-brown (Fig. 1C). Maxillary palpi dark brown, except for whitish ventral areas on mediodistal portion and apex (Fig. 1G). Two first segments of labial palpi dark brown, and last ochre, with tip and ventrodistal portion whitish. Femora entirely ochre, and tibiae dark brown (Fig. 2A–C, G–K) – fore tibia with two inner whitish circular areas on most proximal portion (Fig. 2G). Ventral sclerites of thorax and abdomen ochre, except for brown sternite 8 and male subgenital plate, which are brown (Fig. 1F, I).</p><p>HEAD. In frontal view (Fig. 1C), semicircular, almost as wide as high, with eyes slightly produced laterally; ocelli circular and almost aligned to eyes dorsal margin – median ocellus slightly lower. Antennal pits located low on frons, near epistomal suture, and almost on same level as eyes’ most ventral border (these last also close to subgenal suture). Clypeus dorsal area notably separated from ventral area by clypeal suture. Ventral area conspicuously constricted laterally, almost half as wide as dorsal area, with median white stripe and transverse dark line on sides. Labrum circular, with pair of incomplete transverse mediolateral sutures. First two segments of maxillary palpi subequal in length; third and fourth as long as first and second together; fifth longer than any other segment, ventrally truncated on mediodistal area (Fig. 1G). In lateral view (Fig. 1D), head convex, with frons slightly tumescent; eyes ovoid, higher than wide. In dorsal view (Fig. 1B), eyes protruding; fastigium subtriangular and apically convex. Scapus wide, almost as wide as half fastigium apex.</p><p>THORAX. Pronotum wider than long, bearing bristles on margins, with both anterior and posterior dorsal margins slightly concave (Fig. 1B). Lateral lobes almost squared, with anterior and posterior margins almost straight and ventral margin obliquely straight (Fig. 1A, D). Prosternum reduced, triangular, and continuous with conjoint cervical sclerites. Mesosternum sub-squared, with posterior margin slightly bilobed. Metasternum hexagonal, with posterior margin slightly incised (Fig. 1F)</p><p>LEGS. All femora covered by fine pubescence and some longer bristles (Fig. 2A–C, G–K). Fore and mid tibia with two apical spurs on outer side (Fig. 2A–C, H) and one on inner side (Fig. 2G, I). Tympana reduced (Fig. 2A–B, D–E) or absent (Fig. 2C, F) (different development levels can be found in same specimen). Hind tibia with 6–7 external and 5–6 internal dorsal spurs and three apical spurs on each side (Fig. 2J–K); externally, dorsal and ventral apical spurs equal in length, mid one twice longer; internally, dorsal and mid spurs same-lengthened, ventral one at least three times smaller (Fig. 2J–K). Fore and mid basitarsi covered by strong setae on ventral side (Fig. 2A–C, G–I, L). Hind basitarsi ventrally with setae, dorsally with two rows of spines, and apically with two spurs, outer one smaller (Fig. 2J–K).</p><p>WINGS. Tegmina short, reaching up to the third tergite, without stridulatory apparatus or transverse veins; lateral field with six longitudinal veins (Fig. 1A–B, D–E). Hind wings absent.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Cylindrical, covered with bristles. Male supra-anal plate triangular, medially incised posteriorly and with transverse suture (Fig. 1H). Subgenital plate slightly longer than wide, with widely rounded posterior margin (Fig. 1I–J).</p><p>GENITALIA. Pseudepiphallic median lophi conspicuously elongated, notably produced hind- and upwards, very narrow, apically acute (Fig. 3A–B, D), and ventrally with sharp keel (Fig. 3C). Pseudepiphallic lateral lophi triangular, apically acute (Fig. 3D). Pseudepiphallic parameres elongated, surpassing lateral lophi; in ventral view, slightly arched, with rounded apex (Fig. 3B). Pseudepiphallic apodemes acute, incurved (Fig. 3A). Ectophallic fold very thin, not reaching level of pseudepiphallic paramere apex (Fig. 3B). Ectophallic arc very thin and notably curved; in dorsal view, forming ‘W’ with ectophallic apodemes (Fig. 3A). Rami basally bifid and notably arched along its length, contiguous, and medially incised (Fig. 3A–B).</p><p>Female</p><p>Similar to males in very dark coloration, with head, pronotum, tegmina, and first two abdominal tergites blackish (Fig. 4A–B). Tegmina reduced, reaching only first abdominal tergite, with only longitudinal veins (Fig. 4C–D). Supra-anal plate notably triangular, with transverse suture (Fig. 4E). Subgenital plate short; in ventral view, wider than long, with posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 4G); in lateral view, higher than long, with posterior margin truncated (Fig. 4F). Ovipositor almost straight, with triangular apex. Dorsal valves dorsally sulcated (Fig. 4H–K).</p><p>GENITALIA. Copulatory papilla with posterior margin of dorsal surface widely concave, and anterior margin with medial process emarginated, flanking spermatheca duct (Fig. 4L); ventral surface acute anteriorly (Fig. 4M); in lateral view, posterior portion taller than anterior one (Fig. 4N).</p><p>Nymphs</p><p>In life, bearing same black coloration as head and pronotum of adults, but abdomen and legs gray (Fig. 5A). When preserved in alcohol, gray body parts become ochre (Fig. 5B–D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (mm). ♂, holotype. TL: 11.0; LP: 2.0; WP: 3.0; Tg: 2.5; HF: 6.0; HT: 4.0. ♂, paratype. TL: 9.5; LP: 2.0; WP: 2.5; Tg: 3.0; HF: 7.0; HT: 4.0. ♀, paratype. TL: 9.0; LP: 2.0; WP: 3.0; Tg: 1.5; HF: 7.0; HT: 4.0; Ov: 6.5.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. has quite a unique feature. It is the only known species of the genus in which the male has no stridulatory apparatus. The different development levels of the tympana are also singular to this species. These two characteristics may be adaptations to the caves in which they were found. Still, it is hard to ensure since no phylogenetic study was made and ecological data are lacking. The shape of the pseudepiphallic median lophi is similar to that of Z. nauta . However, it differs by the presence of conspicuous pseudepiphallic lateral lophi, which are very reduced and almost inconspicuous in Z. nauta . These two species may be related.</p><p>We believe this species is facultative to a cave-dwelling way of life or caviculous (sensu Desutter-Grandcolas et al. 1998), foraging on forest ground during the nights and passing the day inside the caves or cavities at ground level. We believe in this assumption since adult and immature stages were found inside caves as field work was carried out during the day. This species may also inhabit or take refuge in pores or voids on the soil, characteristic microhabitats of the environment where it was collected. The structure of the landscape is known as Banded Ferruginous Formations, which are iron formations composed of alternated bands of jaspilite and ore bodies rich in iron. In this area, extensive iron ore plateaus are formed, comprising superficial ferrugineous breccia, also known as canga formation. A metallophilic savannah covers the canga formations on the plateaus and mountains, while typical tropical vegetation of the Amazon rainforest covers the slopes. The highly porous canga formations result from the removal of silica and carbonates due to the tropical rains, which causes the dissolution and chemical change found in iron ore, forming several interconnected small spaces in the canga formations – the voids (Ferreira et al. 2018).</p><p>Zebragryllus aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. was collected in seven caves in the municipality of Canaã dos Carajás, located in the east region of Pará State, Brazil (Fig. 16A–C). The caves are coded as S11C-0033, S11C-0037, S11C-0050, S11C-0066, S11C-0092, S11C-0110, S11C-0121. They are situated in the Amazon rainforest and are part of the federal conservation unit “Floresta Nacional de Carajás” (FLONA) (Carmo &amp; Kamino 2015). They are located within the “Grão-Pará” geological group, known for its iron-ore lithology. This region is popularly known as “Serra dos Carajás”, which comprises vast plateaus separated by depressions in the landscape, dividing it into three regions: Serra Norte, Serra Leste, and Serra Sul (Carmo &amp; Kamino 2015). The seven caves where the specimens were collected are situated in the “Serra Sul” plateaus region (Fig. 16).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A46B36740BA237FFC1B9170	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A4EB37A40502563FE5B970C.text	9D21FC4B5A4EB37A40502563FE5B970C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus mebengokre Tavares, Oya & Cadena-Castaneda 2024	<div><p>Zebragryllus mebengokre Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E5A449C1-D5DD-4C2A-944E-1CB4C33F60E1</p><p>Figs 6–9, 16A, D–E</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species with head and pronotum dark brown, abdomen dorsally brown, and all legs ochre (Figs 6A– D, 7A–H). Males with stridulatory apparatus well developed but with a small harp subdivided into two smaller cells (Fig. 6E). Tympana well developed on the fore tibia outer surface (Figs 6A, 7A–C). Male genitalia: pseudepiphallic median lophi notably elongated and robust, conspicuously produced hindwards (greatly surpassing pseudepiphallic lateral lophi), apically acute and ventrally with round keel. Pseudepiphallic lateral lophi acute and short. Pseudepiphallic paramere not surpassing lateral lophi; in ventral view, triangular, robust, and with oblique hyaline area basally. Ectophallic fold large, greatly surpassing pseudepiphallic lateral lophi (Fig. 8A–D).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is an homage to the indigenous community that lives in the type-locality area, the Mebêngôkre, which is the self-denomination of natives known in Brazil as the Kayapó people. The name is an indigenous word of the Macro-Jê linguistic trunk and is established as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Pará, Conceição do Araguaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.37419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.997945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.37419/lat -7.997945)">Área 4</a>; 7°59′52.6″ S, 49°22′27.1″ W; 20–26 Nov. 2021; F.V. Arruda and R.P.S. Almeida leg; Pitfall epigéico [epigeic pitfall]; all left legs, one palpus, and the phallic complex were removed but kept in a microvial with the specimen; MPEG. HEX 05050458.</p><p>Other material</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀, immature; Pará, Conceição do Araguaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.403194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.9254723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.403194/lat -7.9254723)">Área 2</a>; 7°55′31.7″ S, 49°24′11.5″ W; 24–31 Jul. 2021; pitfall epigéico [epigeic pitfall]; MPEG. HEX 05050459 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>COLORATION. Species ochre with cephalic capsule and pronotum dark brown; abdominal tergites, eighth abdominal sternite, and subgenital plate brown; sternum and all the remaining abdominal sternites ochre (Fig. 6A–D, F, J). Eyes black, lateral ocelli whitish, median ocellus ochre; clypeus and labrum brownish, and mandibles slightly darker (Fig. 6C); maxillary palpi brown, last segment slightly darker except for whitish tip (Fig. 6G); labial palpi brown. All legs ochre, with slightly darker tibia (Fig. 7A–H).</p><p>HEAD. In frontal view, semicircular, slightly higher than wide, with eyes not laterally protruding; all three ocelli circular and almost at same level of eyes dorsal margin – median ocellus slightly lower. Antennal pits located near mid-level of eyes. Clypeus dorsal portion notably separated from ventral portion by clypeal suture. Ventral portion conspicuously constricted laterally, almost half as wide as dorsal portion, with median white stripe and transverse dark line on sides. Labrum circular, with pair of incomplete transverse mediolateral sutures. First two segments of maxillary palpi subequal in length; third and fourth each as long as first and second together; fifth longer than any other segment, with ventral margin slightly arched, dorsal margin straight, and apex rounded. Distal portion of each maxillary palpomere whitish (Fig. 6G). In lateral view, head notably convex, but frons not tumescent; eyes ovoid, and higher than wide (Fig. 6D). In dorsal view, eyes protruding, with trapezoid and apically truncated fastigium (Fig. 6B). Scapus wide, almost as wide as half of fastigium.</p><p>THORAX. Pronotum wider than long, bearing bristles on margins and posterior area of lateral lobes, with both anterior and posterior dorsal margins slightly concave. Lateral lobes almost squared, with anterior and posterior margins straight and ventral margin obliquely straight. Prosternum reduced, triangular, and continuous with conjoint cervical sclerites. Mesosternum sub-squared, with posterior margin slightly bilobed. Metasternum hexagonal, with postero-lateral margins convex and posterior margin straight (Fig. 6F).</p><p>LEGS. All femora covered by fine pubescence and some longer bristles (Fig. 7A–B, D–E, G–H). Fore and mid tibia with two apical spurs on outer side (Fig. 7A, D) and one on inner side (Fig. 7B, E). Tympana large, opened on fore tibia outer surface (Fig. 7A, C). Hind tibia with six outer and five inner dorsal spurs, and three apical spurs on each side (Fig. 7G–H); externally, dorsal and ventral apical spurs equal in size, and mid one twice longer; internally, dorsal and mid spurs equal in size, and ventral one at least three times smaller (Fig. 7G–H). Fore and mid basitarsi covered by strong setae on ventral side (Fig. 7A–B, D–F). Hind basitarsi ventrally with setae, dorsally with two rows of spines, and apically with two spurs, outer one smaller (Fig. 7G–H).</p><p>WINGS. Tegmina reaching up to fourth abdominal tergite, with stridulatory apparatus present; harp divided by two transverse veins; mirror short, divided into two longitudinal cells; apical field reticulated (Fig. 6E); angle of mirror formed almost at middle of harp posterior vein (Fig. 6E, arrow). Hind wings absent.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Cylindrical, covered with fine bristles. Male supra-anal plate subtriangular (Fig. 6H). In ventral view, subgenital plate slightly longer than wide, with widely bilobed posterior margin (Fig. 6J); in lateral view, with rounded posterior margin (Fig. 6I).</p><p>GENITALIA. Pseudepiphallic median lophi conspicuously elongated, notably produced hind- and upwards, very robust, apically acute (Fig. 8A–B, D), and ventrally with rounded keel (Fig. 8C). Pseudepiphallic lateral lophi short, with apical bristles (Fig. 8D). Pseudepiphallic parameres not surpassing lateral lophi; in ventral view, subtriangular, robust (Fig. 8B, black arrow), and with oblique hyaline area basally (Fig. 8B, white arrow). Pseudepiphallic apodeme acute and incurved (Fig. 8D). Ectophallic fold large, greatly surpassing pseudepiphallic lateral lophi (Fig. 8B). Ectophallic apodemes large and twisted, forming large dorsal plate with ectophallic arc (Fig. 8A). Rami basally bifid and notably arched along its length, contiguous (Fig. 8A–B).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (mm). ♂, holotype: TL: 11.0; LP: 2.0; WP: 2.5; Tg: 4.5; HF: 6.0; HT: 3.5.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Nymph female</p><p>The coloration is very similar to the adult male but lighter (Fig. 9A–B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species also has quite unique male genitalia, with very long pseudepiphallic median lophi. The only known species with elongated pseudepiphallic median lophi are Z. nauta and Z. aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov., but Z. mebengokre Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. has the most extended and most robust pseudepiphallic median lophi of all species of Zebragryllus .</p><p>The locality where the species was collected is in a transition zone between two large biomes, the Cerrado-Amazonia transition, considered the world’s largest ecotone (Torello-Raventos et al. 2013; Marques et al. 2020) (Fig. 16A–C). Marked seasonality and highly dynamic vegetation, comprising a mosaic of Cerrado, Amazon rainforest, and ecotonal forest vegetations, with high tree mortality and turnover levels, characterize this zone (Marimon et al. 2014; Morandi et al. 2015; Passos et al. 2018; Marques et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A4EB37A40502563FE5B970C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A53B3784387239FFB319329.text	9D21FC4B5A53B3784387239FFB319329.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus undefined-1	<div><p>Zebragryllus sp. 1</p><p>Figs 10–11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This female is similar to that of Z. wittoto, Z. guianensis, and Z. nouragi by the ‘zebra’ pattern on the hind legs (Figs 10A–B, 11J–K). The fore and mid legs have only a few whitish areas on the base of the femora and dorsal surface of the tibia (Fig. 11E–F, H–I). The tympanum is widely open on the outer face proximal portion of the fore tibia (Fig. 11E, G). However, it differs from the species mentioned above in the longer tegmina, reaching up to the second abdominal tergite (Fig. 10C–D), which is more similar to Z. nauta . The first two segments of maxillary palpi are small and subequal in length; the third and fourth are as long as the first and second together; the fifth is longer than any other segment, with the ventral margin slightly arched and the medio-distal portion obliquely truncated, dorsal margin straight and the apex rounded. The only whitish area of the maxillary palpi is the ventral surface of the mediodistal portion; the remaining is dark (Fig. 11D). The abdomen is mostly black but has whitish bands on the anterior and posterior margins of each tergite (Fig. 10A–B). The supra-anal plate is subtriangular, with a distal margin rounded (Fig. 10E). The subgenital plate is similar to that of Z. nouragi, with the posterior margin sinuous in lateral view and concave in ventral view (Fig. 10F–G). The ovipositor is straight and very short, shorter than the hind tibia, with a triangular apex (Fig. 10A–B, 10H–I), similar to Z. guianensis . The copulatory papilla is quite unique, with an ovoid shape, laterally sinuous, and a more membranous dorsal portion (Fig. 11A–B).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Pará, Conceição do Araguaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.403194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.9254723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.403194/lat -7.9254723)">Área 2</a>; 7°55′31.7″ S, 49°24′11.5″ W; 9–12 Sep. 2022; E.B. Feiras and R.P.S. Almeida leg; Pitfall epigéico [epigeic pitfall]; MPEG. HEX 05050460 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (mm). ♀. TL: 15.0; LP: 2.0; WP: 3.0; Tg: 2.0; HF: 8.0; HT: 4.5; Ov: 3.5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A53B3784387239FFB319329	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A51B37D438727A4FECB96BF.text	9D21FC4B5A51B37D438727A4FECB96BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus undefined-2	<div><p>Zebragryllus sp. 2</p><p>Figs 12–13</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This female is very similar to that of Z. aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. in the body shape (Fig. 12A–B). Still, it is quickly differentiated in the legs darker chromatic pattern (Figs 12A– B, 13E–H). This species does not have the genus characteristic ‘zebra’ pattern on the hind legs or abdomen either (Figs 12A–B, 13E–H). Other differences easily noted are the longer tegmina (Fig. 12A– D), the large tympana on the outer faces of the fore tibia (Fig. 13E, in detail), and the tiny tympana on the inner face (Fig. 13F, in detail). The fore and hind (mid legs lost) legs have no whitish areas (Fig. 13E–F). The maxillary palpi are similar to the species described above but differ by the slightly concave fifth segment’s dorsal surface and the slightly longer truncated-medio-distal portion (Fig. 13D). The abdominal tergites are dark brown, with no whitish areas (Fig. 12A–B). The supra-anal plate is subtriangular, with a distal margin rounded, somewhat longer and wider than in Z. aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. (Fig. 12E). The subgenital plate is similar to that of the female from Cayenne in Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2014) (see Desutter-Grandcolas et al. 2014, Fig. 6Q–R), with the distal margin convex in lateral view and concave in ventral view (Fig. 12F–G). The ovipositor is also similar to that of Z. aphonus Tavares, Oya &amp; Cadena-Castañeda sp. nov. but darker (Fig. 12H–I), and almost straight, with a triangular apex bearing scale-like texture on the dorsal surface (Fig. 12J–K). The dorsal valves dorsally sulcated (Fig. 12H–I). The copulatory papilla is also similar to the female from Cayenne in Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2014) (see Desutter-Grandcolas et al. 2014: Fig. b’–d’) but is more cylindrical and not dorsoventrally flat, like in most species of the genus (Fig. 13A–C).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Tocantins, Araguatins, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.403194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.9254723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.403194/lat -7.9254723)">Fazenda Estiva</a>; 7°55′31.7″ S, 49°24′11.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2022; pitfall; MPEG. HEX 05050476 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (mm). ♀. TL: 9.5; LP: 1.5; WP: 2.7; Tg: 2.3; HF: 6.5; HT: 4.8; Ov: 6.5.</p><p>New records</p><p>This is the first time that Zebragyllus has been recorded in Brazil. Two new species are being added to the genus, and two known species are recorded: Z. guianensis (Figs 14A–H, 16A) and Z. nouragui (Figs 15A–H, 16A). These two species were only known from their type locality, in French Guiana, where they live in sympatry, and here we extend their distribution (Fig. 16A). Five males and five females of Z. guianensis were collected in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, municipality of Melgaço, Pará State. Two males, two adult females, and one juvenil specimens of Z. nouragui were collected in Juruti, Pará State. It is plausible that these species occur in Brazil as these two localities are in Northern Pará State, near the boundary between Brazil and French Guiana, but on the other side of the great Amazon River. Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã is about 630 km south of the Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Nourages (type locality), and Juruti is about 770 km southwest (Fig. 16A). The other species of Zebragryllus are only recorded in Peru and Colombia. So we expect these known species and new ones to also occur in Brazil as their distribution is unexplored.</p><p>The males of Z. nouragui studied here have a different chromatic pattern of the hind femora, a variation of the populations described by Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2014). The paired whitish oblique bands described for the species, like those seen in the female hind femora (Fig. 15C), are absent, and only the ventral whitish band is displayed (Fig. 15A).</p><p>Species of Zebragryllus may occur in very low populations since just a few specimens were collected, even in considerable collection efforts, like in Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã. This site was monitored for two years, with monthly armed pitfall traps in a 2-acre area. The area was divided into several parcels of 1 m ², each with a pitfall trap installed in the center. Even so, only ten specimens of Z. guianensis were captured.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A51B37D438727A4FECB96BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A54B37D40CF2329FDBA941A.text	9D21FC4B5A54B37D40CF2329FDBA941A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus guianensis Desutter-Grandcolas 2014	<div><p>Zebragryllus guianensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>Figs 14, 16A</p><p>Material examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Pará, Melgaço, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7263889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443333/lat -1.7263889)">FLONA Caxiuanã, ECFPn-ESECAFLOR</a>; 1°43′35″ S, 51°26′36″ W; Mar. 2012; D.A. Cunha leg; MPEG. HEX 05050461, MPEG. HEX 05050462, MPEG. HEX 05050463, MPEG. HEX 05050464, MPEG. HEX 05050465, MPEG. HEX 05050466 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2012; MPEG. HEX 05050467 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May. 2012; MPEG. HEX 05050468 to 05050469 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2012; MPEG. HEX 05050470 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A54B37D40CF2329FDBA941A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
9D21FC4B5A54B37D40C620B6FE3695A2.text	9D21FC4B5A54B37D40C620B6FE3695A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas 2014	<div><p>Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014</p><p>Figs 15, 16A</p><p>Material examined</p><p>BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pará, Juruti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.003223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.4615834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.003223/lat -2.4615834)">Barroso</a>; 2°27′41.7″ S, 56°00′11.6″ W; 8–15 Aug. 2006; D.F. Candiani and N.F. Lo-Man-Hung leg.; pitfall; MPEG. HEX 05050471, MPEG. HEX 05050472, MPEG. HEX 05050473 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mutum, 2°36′45.7″ S, 56°11′38.2″ W; 14–18 Dec. 2012; pitfall; MPEG. HEX 05050474 • 1 ♀, immature; same collection data as for preceding; MPEG. HEX 05050475 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D21FC4B5A54B37D40C620B6FE3695A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tavares, Gustavo Costa;Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo;Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de;Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio	Tavares, Gustavo Costa, Oya, Beatriz Harumi Kondo, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves de, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio (2024): New species and records of Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 82-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2511, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2511/11249
