taxonID	type	description	language	source
9D6E87FAFF9FFD32FF25FF09FD0DD1D0.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 – 6)	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF9FFD32FF25FF09FD0DD1D0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Iles des Saintes, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF9FFD32FF25FF09FD0DD1D0.taxon	description	Description: Thallus erect, light to dark green, lightly calcified, growing isolated or in groups, up to 10.5 cm tall, attached to the substratum by a bulbous basal portion composed of a fibrous rhizoidal mass (Fig. 3). Stipe short, flattened or cylindrical, up to 5.5 cm long and up to 4 mm wide. Transition between stipe and blade evident. Blade fibrous, cup-like, closed or partially fused to the stipe, multistratose to the margins, ecorticate, not thick, with visible concentric zonation, up to 5 cm long. Blade siphons without lateral appendages, cylindrical, dichotomously branched with symmetric constrictions above the dichotomies, 40 – 90 µm in diameter (Fig. 4). Stipe siphons interwoven, longitudinally arranged, 40 – 110 µm in diameter, with lateral appendages often distributed irregularly to oppositely, sometimes unilateral on the siphons with constrictions at the base. Lateral appendages irregularly branched or dichotomous, appendages stalk 150 – 300 μm long, 40 μm in diameter; apices irregularly branched and terminating in asymmetrical dichotomies with swollen or flattened tips (Figs 5, 6). Fertile specimens not found. Habitat: Specimens have been found growing on sandy substrate in the intertidal zone or, more rarely, on rocks in calm areas.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF9FFD32FF25FF09FD0DD1D0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: BRAZIL. Bahia: Porto Seguro, 16 º 26 ’ 59 ” S, 39 º 03 ’ 53 ” W, 16 January 2012, F Scherner (SP 400046). GenBank accession: rbc L OK 623524. Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Recife, 149 Station, 07 ° 56 ’ 7 ’’ S, 34 ° 32 ’ 6 ’’ W, Y. Ugadim (SPF 027703); Carne de Vaca, 34 ° 49 ’ 50.78 ” S, 07 ° 34 ’ 40.89 ” W, 16 September 1997, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (PEUFR 52745) Carne de Vaca, 34 ° 49 ’ 50.78 ” S, 07 ° 34 ’ 40.89 ” W, 11 November 1997, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (PEUFR 52746).	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF9FFD32FF25FF09FD0DD1D0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This taxon can be readily recognized by the cup-like blade, closed or partially fused to the stipe, blade ecorticate, and stipe siphons often with irregular to opposite appendages disposed on the siphons, appendages irregularly branched, dichotomous at the apices with swollen or flattened tips. Overall, our specimens are in accordance with the descriptions of U. cyathiformis by Littler & Littler (1990) and Acosta-Calderón et al. (2018). However, the cup-like blade of our specimens differs from those described as spatulate by Acosta-Calderón et al. (2018). Our specimens showed larger dimensions of the thallus (10.5 cm high vs. 4.5 cm high, Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018), length blade (5 cm vs. 2.9 cm, Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018), and stipe (5.5 cm x 4 mm vs. 13 mm x 2 mm, Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018). Also, anatomically our specimens showed greater measurements in the diameter of the blade siphons (40 – 90 µm in diam. vs. 45 – 55 μm in diam, Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018). Nevertheless, these morphological differences have no diagnostic value to separate species. Our specimen was found only in the intertidal zone, whereas specimens of ‘ U. ’ cyathiformis described by Santos & Nunes (2014) also from Bahia, Brazil occur from the intertidal to subtidal zones up to 45 m depth. Specimens from the Caribbean Sea (Littler & Littler 1990) and Mexico (Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018) occur only in subtidal zone, growing to 30 m depth, and to 2 m depth, respectively. Although our specimens fit into U. cyathiformis (Table 3), our results with rbc L showed that the Brazilian material is a genetically distinct species from the authentic ‘ U ’. cyathiformis from the Caribbean Sea.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	description	(Fig. 7 – 14)	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Tobago Cays, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	description	Description: Thallus erect, light green to dark green, strongly calcified, leathery, growing isolated, up to 10 cm high, attached to the substratum by a bulbous basal portion composed of a rhizoidal mass (Figs 7 – 9). Stipe short, flattened or cylindrical, strongly calcified, rigid, up to 1 cm long and up to 5 mm wide. Transition between stipe and blade not evident. Blade flabellate or occasionally lobed, sometimes spatulate or flabellate-truncate in lower margin (Figs 7 – 9), surface flat, multistratose, corticated, with visible concentric zonation, up to 9 cm long. Blade siphons with lateral appendages, siphons cylindrical densely compacted, constrictions above the dichotomies absent, 20 – 50 µm wide. Lateral appendages densely distributed, often unilaterally (Figs 10, 11) or disposed in a pattern opposite or irregular on the siphons; appendages with short stalks; appendages stalk 40 – 100 μm long, 20 – 30 μm in diameter very branched forming a closely packed flattened tips (Figs 11, 12). Stipe siphons with lateral appendages without constrictions at the base, siphons interwoven, longitudinally arranged, 40 – 70 µm in diameter sparsely distributed irregularly on the siphons (Figs 13, 14); appendages with long stalks, appendages stalk 130 – 350 μm long, 20 – 50 μm in diameter, dichotomously branched, with rounded swollen tips (Fig. 14). Fertile specimens were not found.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Goiana, Ponta de Pedras, 07 ° 36 ’ 41 ” S, 34 ° 48 ’ 30 ” W, 27 May 2017, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83634); Itamaracá, Pilar, 07 ° 45 ’ 20.04 ” S, 34 ° 49 ’ 17.25 ” W, 26 April 2017, M. F. OliveiraCarvalho, M. C. B. S. Rocha, C. F. Ximenes (UFP 83564), GenBank accession: tuf A OK 623532, rbc L OK 623528, 20 August 2016, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83565); Itamaracá, Jaguaribe, 07 ° 44 ’ 12 ’’ S, 34 ° 49 ’ 24 ” W, 29 August 2016, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho, M. C. B. S. Rocha, C. F. Ximenes (UFP 83448), GenBank accession: tuf A OK 623533, rbc L OK 623529; Candeias, 08 ° 12 ’ 22 ” S, 34 ° 55 ’ 01 ” W, 28 April 2017, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83584); Itapuama, 08 ° 17 ’ 38 ” S, 34 ° 57 ’ 05 ” W, 21 May 2017, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83585); Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Suape, 8 ° 21 ’ 36.15 ” S, 34 ° 57 ’ 15.17 ” W, 21 July 2017, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83586), 21 May 2016, M. F. OliveiraCarvalho, M. C. B. S. Rocha, C. F. Ximenes (UFP 83587), GenBank accession: tuf A OK 623531, rbc L OK 623527; Serrambi, 08 ° 33 ’ 37.35 ” S, 35 ° 0 ’ 58.91 ” W, 02 July 2016, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (UFP 83580), 27 April 2017, M. F. OliveiraCarvalho (UFP 83579); Tamandaré, Carneiros, 08 ° 42 ’ 9.56 ” S, 35 ° 4 ’ 49.74 ” W, 22 July 2016, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho, M. C. B. S. Rocha, C. F. Ximenes (UFP 83467), GenBank accesion: tuf A OK 623534, OK 623535, rbc L OK 623526. Alagoas: Maragogi, Praia de Maragogi, 09 ° 00 ’ 43.2 ’’ S, 35 ° 13 ’ 19.2 ’’ W, 13 March 2012, F. Scherner, 4 m depth (PEUFR 52367), GenBank accession: rbc L OK 623530. Ceará: Paracuru, Pedra Rachada, 3 º 23 ’ 55 ” S, 39 º 00 ’ 44 ”, 27 July 2013, M. F. Oliveira-Carvalho (PEUFR 52376), GenBank accession: rbc L OK 623525.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Specimens were found growing on sandy substratum in the intertidal zone or, more rarely, on rocky in calm areas. Also found in subtidal zone at 4 m depth.	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
9D6E87FAFF90FD33FF25FD49FD2DD2D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The analyzed Brazilian specimens of Udotea dotyi showed great external morphological plasticity regarding the blade shape but sharing the multistratose blades with zonation, and continuous stipe-blade junction. Our specimens agree with the dimensions of the thallus and blade by Acosta-Calderón et al. (2018), differing only by the longer stipe (up to 1 cm long vs. 8 – 13 mm, Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018). The diameter of blade siphons and stipe siphons are almost perfectly within the range found by Acosta-Calderón et al. (2018, 20 – 40 μm in diam. and 40 – 70 μm in diam., respectively). However, Brazilian specimens did not present blade siphons covered by appendages predominantly opposite as described by Littler & Litter (1990) and Acosta-Calderón et al. (2018), being often unilateral in our specimens (Table 3). Despite gross morphology and anatomical variations, Brazilian specimens correspond to U. doty i based on our molecular results. Most of our specimens were found only in the intertidal zone, growing on sandy substratum, nevertheless U. dotyi from Alagoas state occurred from the intertidal to subtidal zones up to 4 m depth. As our specimens, U. dotyi from the Gulf of Mexico grows from intertidal (on sandy bottom) to subtidal to 3 m depth (Acosta-Calderón et al. 2018), whereas the most specimens from the Caribbean Sea are often collected from moderately deep at 12 – 25 m (Littler & Littler 1990).	en	Rocha, Mayara C. B. S., Pereira, Sonia M. B., Oliveira-Carvalho, Maria F., Benko- Iseppon, Ana M., Ximenes, Caroline F., Fujii, Mutue T., Cassano, Valéria (2023): Morphological and molecular characterization of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from northeastern Brazil with a new record of U. dotyi from the western south Atlantic. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 57-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.3
