taxonID	type	description	language	source
88740ECD212254BC918BB450ACBC92B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinct from the similar Pratherodesmus Shear, 2009 in its much larger gonopod solenomere and endomerite, from Tidesmus Chamberlin, 1943, Sequoiadesmus Shear & Shelley, 2008 and Nevadesmus Shear, 2009 in having a simple, unbranched endomerite, or endomerite lacking. Packardesmus Shear & Shelley, 2019 has all gonopod branches clustered at the tip of an extended prefemoral stem.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
88740ECD212254BC918BB450ACBC92B2.taxon	description	Description. Small, probably troglobiotic macrosternodesmines 4.0 - 11.0 mm long, lacking pigment. Nineteen trunk rings (collum + 17 pedigerous rings + telson). Head sparsely to densely setose. Antennae (Fig. 22) relatively short, elbowed between antennomeres three and four, antennomere six much enlarged, with subapical accessory sensory organ. Order of length of antennomeres: 6> 3 = 4> 5> 2> 7> 1> 8. Collum with three rows of eight setae (number may vary on more posterior rings); anterior row at anterior margin of collum, middle row may be dispersed, posterior row at posterior margin of collum. Collum setae on low tubercles or sockets more or less flush with surface. Subsequent rings with anterior row posterior to anterior margin of metazonite, but posterior row at posterior edge of metazonite, rows of 6 - 10 setae or setae becoming more scattered on more posterior rings. Metazonites with narrow paranota bearing three short, marginal teeth corresponding to setal rows, posteriolateral metazonite corners acute to projecting. Limbus minutely dentate. Ozopores laterodorsal, at posteriolateral corners, opening in a distinct pore callus. Pore formula 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 - 18. Penultimate ring with 10 - 18 scattered setae, telson with 8 - 10 scattered setae, epiproct process short, blunt, with four spinnerets set in shallow depression. Paraprocts and hypoproct with two setae. Dorsal setae post-collum on more prominent tubercles, setae themselves may be long, acute, or short, clavate. Males with all legs having dorsally swollen prefemora, femora also dorsally swollen, curved, both podomeres ventrally with many sphaeotrichomes; postfemora and tibiae normal, with few ventral sphaerotrichomes or sphaerotrichomes absent (Fig. 4). Gonopod socket rounded-cordate, often with anterior rim, midposterior portion extending slightly between ninth coxae. Gonopods joined by tough membrane anteriorly; small, more sclerotized strip represents sternal remnant, articulates mesally with coxae. Gonopod coxae not movable, tightly appressed in midline but not fused, anteriomesally excavate to receive telopodite. Telopodites movable only in plane parallel to body axis. Prefemorites transverse across posterior surface of coxae. Prefemoral process single, broad, prefemoral process and acropodite on short stem arising from prefemorite. Acropodite with long seminiferous branch, pore surrounded by minute cuticular extensions, these sometimes extending distad along concave mesal surface of distal zone. Distal zone long, tapering, acute, or short, blunt. Endomerite arising basally or midway on acropodite.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
88740ECD212254BC918BB450ACBC92B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the state of Colorado, to which the genus appears endemic, and the common combining stem - desmus in the order.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
88740ECD212254BC918BB450ACBC92B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. See Map 1. Caves in central and northern Colorado, USA. Species distributions appear to be defined by major rivers and large canyons. Groaning Cave where C. hopkinsae occurs is across Deep Creek Canyon from La Sunder Cave where C. beckleyi occurs and this canyon is 2,000 ' deep. The Colorado River may define the limits of C. aquiliensis relative to C. beckleyi and C. hopkinsae because C. aquiliensis has only been collected south of the Colorado River, while the other two species were collected north of the river. It is likely that Coloradesmus will extend into Wyoming because C. warneri was collected 5 miles from the state line.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A larger species of Coloradesmus distinguished by details of the gonopods; in Coloradesmus hopkinsae the prefemoral process is much broader and has a laterodistal tooth. Coloradesmus manitou differs from C. aquiliensis in the endomerite, which in manitou emerges from the acropodite at nearly a right angle, then turns sharply distad. Coloradesmus beckleyi and C. warneri are only half the length of the other three known species of the genus.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922.taxon	description	Corrections to original description. With the characters of the genus. Lengths of a series of specimens from Fulford Cave, the type locality, varied from 4.5 - 6.2 mm, the longer specimens strongly extended. Setae on collum, metazonites and telson long, acute. In the description of the gonopods, the prefemoral process is erroneously described as bifid and the endomerite is shown in the drawings as attached to the prefemoral process, giving that impression.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
5BE406EC51605443AC78D797D23507DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar in somatic characters to both C. aquiliensis and C. manitou, but differing from both in the broader, more irregularly shaped prefemoral process of the gonopods, and in having a short endomerite tightly appressed to the prefemoral process.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
5BE406EC51605443AC78D797D23507DF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of Kay Hopkins of the United States Forest Service for her contributions to cave conservation, cave research and cave preservation.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
5BE406EC51605443AC78D797D23507DF.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype. Length about 7.0 mm, greatest width 0.66 mm. With the characters of the genus. Head sparsely setose. Basal joint of mandibles not greatly exceeding width of collum; front margin of collum evenly arcuate, posterior margin shallowly embayed (Fig. 9). Setae of collum and metazonites acute throughout (Figs 9 - 11), setal rows of metazonites sometimes interrupted, supplemental setae sometimes present (Fig. 10). Setal tubercles become more prominent posteriorly (cf. Figs 10, 11). Telson rounded, with two distinct rows of setae; epiproct blunt (Fig. 11). Gonopod socket occupies entire width of prozonite, subcordate, indenting ninth sternite (Fig. 12). Gonopods with robust acropodite (a, Fig. 13), ending in long, acute distal zone (dz, Figs 13, 14); seminal pore long, with many tiny finger-like cuticular projections (Fig. 15); endomerite (e, Fig. 13) short, tightly appressed to prefemoral process. Prefemoral process (pfp, Figs 13, 14), large, broad, scoop-shaped, with subapical lateral tooth, tip acute, slightly lobed.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
5BE406EC51605443AC78D797D23507DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. COLORADO: Garfield Co.: Groaning Cave, 39 ° 42 ' N, 107 ° 10 ' W, 9800 ' (2804 m) asl, 9 October 2008, D. Steinmann, male, females, juveniles.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
C319EB75D6855374ABD8271CEA6E6D8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A larger species, like C. aquiliensis and C. hopkinsae, but differing in that the metazonital setal tubercles are very low and often scattered across the metazonite, not in rows. The gonopod endomerite is stouter than in C. aquiliensis and emerges from the acropodite at almost a right angle, then turning distad; the distal zone is shorter and often curved. Unlike C. hopkinae, the gonopod pore is compact with few cuticular projections.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
C319EB75D6855374ABD8271CEA6E6D8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a noun in apposition, after the type locality.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
C319EB75D6855374ABD8271CEA6E6D8C.taxon	description	Description. Male paratype. Length 8.0 - 10.5 mm, depending on degree of extension, greatest width 0.9 mm. With the characters of the genus. Head densely setose, basal joint of mandibles slightly exceeding width of collum (Fig. 16). Collum with three rows of long, acute setae (Fig. 16). Midbody metazonites nearly smooth, setal tubercles low to absent; setae becoming shorter posteriorly (Fig. 17), rows disrupted so that setae may appear scattered. Telson with 12 - 15 long, acute, scattered setae, rounded, epiproct hardly distinct. Gonopod socket occupying entire width of prozonite, nearly circular with strong projecting anterior margin, not indenting sternite nine (Fig. 19). Gonopods with subhemispherical coxae (cx, Fig. 19) immovable, completely filling socket; acropodite arises on distinct stem (s, Fig. 19); prefemoral process relatively narrow, margins even, not scoop-like (pfp, Figs 20, 21); acropodite (a, Figs 20, 21) robust, distal zone (dz, Fig. 21) short, strongly curved; endomerite (e, Figs 20, 21) nearly as large, robust as acropodite, at wide angle to acropodite. Female paratype. Closely similar to male in all nonsexual characters.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
C319EB75D6855374ABD8271CEA6E6D8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. COLORADO: Fremont Co.: Fly Cave, 7 August 1996, D. Hubbard, 2 males; Marble Cave, 7 August 1996, D. Hubbard, 7 males and 8 females (these two caves are nearly adjacent at 38 ° 36 ' N, 105 ° 13 ' 6.500 " W (1982 m) asl; El Paso Co.: Cave of the Winds, 7000 ' (2134 m) asl, 38 ° 55 ' N, 104 ° 55 ' W, 2 August 1996, D. Hubbard, 10 males, 6 females and 20 February 2007, David Steinmann, 6 males, 6 females; Dilation Cave, 7400 ' (2256 m) asl, 38 ° 48 ' N, 104 ° 52 ' W, 19 June 2009, D. Steinmann, male; Pedro's Cave, 6800 ' (2073 m) asl, 38 ° 55 ' N, 104 ° 55 ' W, 5 January 2008, D. Steinmann, male, females, juveniles.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2714317BCE3B5179B5E58DB57959DA37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species of Coloradesmus, as is the following species, but differing from C. warneri in details of the gonopods, as shown in Figs 28 - 29.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2714317BCE3B5179B5E58DB57959DA37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet honors Steve Beckley, for his dedication to cave conservation and education as the owner of Glenwood Caverns in nearby Glenwood Springs.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2714317BCE3B5179B5E58DB57959DA37.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype. Length, about 4 mm, greatest width 0.4 mm. Head with short, sparse setae; basal joint of mandible exceeding width of collum (Fig. 22). Collum relatively short, posterior margin evenly, concavely curved (Fig. 23); collum setae short, clavate. Metazonites with somewhat suppressed but distinct paranota bearing obsolete teeth (Figs 22 - 25); setae distinctly clavate, short, set on prominent tubercles, rows even, uninterrupted. Telson (Fig. 25) with few setae, epiproct indistinct. Gonopods (Figs 26 - 28) with coxae rather oval, immovable; acropodite (a, Figs 26 - 28) robust, blocky, pore without cuticular fimbriae, endomerite evidently absent. Prefemoral process (pfp, Figs 26 - 28) exceeding acropodite, narrow, with distinct acute hook at tip. Female paratype. Similar in all nonsexual characters to male.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
2714317BCE3B5179B5E58DB57959DA37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
1F4804F03BFF5D9BB3DB36CCC0509F7D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar in nonsexual characters to the foregoing species, but differing in details of the gonopods. Compare Figs 28, 29.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
1F4804F03BFF5D9BB3DB36CCC0509F7D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet honors Ed Warner, an active conservationist and donor to the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, for his dedication to nature and the environment.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
1F4804F03BFF5D9BB3DB36CCC0509F7D.taxon	description	Description. In size and in nonsexual characters, this species is nearly identical to Coloradesmus beckleyi. Gonopods (Fig. 29) with large subhemispherical coxae immovable in gonopod socket. Acropodite (a, Fig. 29) long, relatively slender, not blocky, slightly curved. Pore lacking cuticular filaments. Distal zone (dz, Fig. 29) curved laterad, tapering, not bent at an angle; prefemora process (pfp, Fig. 29) slender, tapering, gradually curved. Female paratype: Similar in all nonsexual characters to male.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
1F4804F03BFF5D9BB3DB36CCC0509F7D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. COLORADO: Larimer Co.: White Water Cave, 3 November 2006, D. Steinmann, juveniles; Kremer's Cave, 40 ° 45 ' N, 105 ° 10 ' W, 5600 ' (1707 m) asl, dark zone, 12 August 2006, D. Steinmann, male; 29 March 2008, D. Steinmann, juveniles; Signature Cave, 40 ° 75 ' N, 105 ° 11 ' W, 6100 ' (1860 m) asl, 22 February 2011, D. Steinmann, male, juveniles; 22 October 2011, D. Steinmann, male, female, juveniles.	en	Shear, William A., Steinmann, David B. (2019): Cave millipedes of the United States. XV. Coloradesmus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae), and four new species from caves in Colorado, USA. Subterranean Biology 32: 15-32, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161
