identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
986309348F6DFFDDFF16A95DEA5EFCFB.text	986309348F6DFFDDFF16A95DEA5EFCFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunia Moore 1878	<div><p>Brunia Moore, 1878</p> <p>Brunia Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 15 (Type species: Lithosia antica Walker, 1854, by subsequent designation by Watson et al. (1980)).</p> <p>= Ovenna Birket-Smith, 1965, Haile Sellassie I University (Addis Ababa), Papers from the Faculty of Science, (C) 1: 93 (Type species: Eilema subgriseola Strand, 1912 a junior subjective synonym of Brunia agonchae (Plötz, 1880)).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/986309348F6DFFDDFF16A95DEA5EFCFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2022): A review of the genus Brunia Moore from the Andaman Islands (India) with a description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 82-91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.8
986309348F6DFFDFFF16A85FED39FAC3.text	986309348F6DFFDFFF16A85FED39FAC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunia vestigialis Volynkin 2022	<div><p>Brunia vestigialis sp. n.</p> <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 70A81094-5747-4579-A5F2-597A3E4441C9</p> <p>(Figs 1–3, 17, 23)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 17): male, “ India – Andaman Isl. | Middle Andaman | Mayabander · 19.– 20.iii.1998 | leg. A.Kamenev &amp; V. Siniaev | ex coll. Dr. A. Schintlmeister ” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021- 268♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM).</p> <p>Paratypes. INDIA, ANDAMAN &amp; NICOBAR ISLANDS: 1 male, 2 females, the same data as in the holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-269 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-272 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, North Andaman, Mayabunder, 6 km S; Karmatany – rainforest, 12°50'6[5]1''N, 092°56'06''E, 17–21.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-010 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The male of B. vestigialis sp. n. (Figs 1, 2) is externally reminiscent of B. gibonica (Figs 4–6) and B. nebulifera (Fig. 8) but distinguished by the ochreous forewing ground colour (it is ochreous-yellow in B. gibonica and yellow in B. nebulifera), the markedly smaller and more diffuse distal shade of the forewing, and the somewhat darker hindwing. The female of the new species (Fig. 3) is clearly different from both the similar congeners (Figs 7, 9, 10) due to the dark brown forewing ground colour with a broad pale yellow costal stripe but whereas the females of B. gibonica and B. nebulifera are similar to the males and have only broader subapical shades of the forewing. The female of B. vestigialis sp. n. is more similar to the sympatric B. antica (Fig. 16) but differs in the smaller size, the more apically rounded forewing with a darker brown ground colour, and the somewhat broader yellow costal stripe, which is broader apically. The male genital capsule of the new species (Fig. 17) is similar to B. gibonica (Fig. 18) and B. nebulifera (Fig. 19) but distinguished by the thinner, thorn-shaped and distally upcurved distal saccular process, which is swollen and with a short triangular tip in the congeners. The phallus of B. vestigialis sp. n. is somewhat more dilated distally than in B. gibonica and B. nebulifera. The vesica configurations of the three species are similar but in B. vestigialis sp. n., the dorsal chamber is somewhat broader, lacking the diverticulum, and bearing a straight cornutus with a markedly broader base whereas it is somewhat curved, shark tooth-shaped in B. gibonica and almost conical with a narrow base in B. nebulifera. Additionally, the ventral diverticulum of B. vestigialis sp. n. is somewhat broader than in B. gibonica and has a slightly broader distal lobe. Compared to the new species, the ventral diverticulum of B. nebulifera lacks the cornutus and has a markedly narrower distal lobe. The female genitalia of B. vestigialis sp. n. (Fig. 23) differ from B. gibonica (Fig. 24) and B. nebulifera (Fig. 25) in the markedly broader posterior sclerotised section of the corpus bursae, and the broader anterior globular section of the corpus bursae. In addition, the signa bursae of the new species are larger than in B. nebulifera.</p> <p>Description. External morphology of adults. Sexual dimorphism substantial. Male (Figs 1, 2). Forewing length 9.5–10.0mm. Head pale ochreous. Antenna brown, setose. Prothorax and patagia ochreous-yellow. Tegula ochreous-yellow with broad brown spot distally. Mesothorax brown. Metathorax brown with pale ochreous spot medially. Forewing elongate and narrow, with almost parallel margins medially, with rounded apex. Forewing ground colour uniform pale ochreous with bean-shaped greyish-brown diffuse distal shade not reaching wing margins. Hindwing uniform pale ochreous-yellow. Abdomen pale ochreous proximally and ochreous-yellow distally. Male genitalia (Fig. 17). Uncus short, thick, with tapered and downcurved distal half and tiny claw-like tip. Arms of tegumen broad and short. Tuba analis width somewhat less than tegumen length. Scaphium setose. Vinculum longer than tegumen, heavily sclerotised, V-shaped and apically rounded. Valva short, broad proximally and strongly tapered distally with elongate, narrowly triangular and somewhat downcurved dorsal lobe. Ventral plate of costa positioned postmedially and bearing narrow semielliptical crest distally reaching base of distal saccular process. Sacculus narrow with heavily sclerotised distal half. Distal saccular process short, thorn-shaped, distally upcurved and apically rounded. Juxta broadly conical, posteriorly rounded and with weakly sclerotised medial and proximal areas. Phallus more or less equal in length to vinculum, broad, with dilated and serrulate distal third. Vesica with broad semiglobular and granulose dorsal chamber bearing robust thorn-like cornutus with strongly dilated base. Medial diverticulum short, utricular, granulose. Ventral diverticulum broad, semiglobular and membranous with utricular and granulose distal lobe and bearing short but basally broad cornutus ventrally. Distal diverticulum strongly elongate and tubular, membranous proximally and medially, granulose distally and bearing short but basally broad cornutus apically. Vesica ejaculatorius originates medially-laterally. Female (Fig. 3). Forewing length 10.5–11.0 mm. Head pale ochreous. Antenna brown, filiform. Prothorax and patagia ochreous-yellow. Tegula ochreous-yellow with broad brown spot distally. Mesothorax brown. Metathorax brown with pale ochreous spot medially. Forewing elongate and narrow, with rounded apex. Forewing ground colour brown with broad pale yellow costal stripe encircling apex, and thin pale yellow terminal line. Cilia pale yellow. Hindwing ground colour uniform pale yellow, more intense distally and along outer margin. Abdomen pale ochreous proximally and brown with ochreous-yellow suffusion distally. Female genitalia (Fig. 23). Papilla analis trapezoid with rounded corners, setose. Apophyses long and thin, apophysis anterioris shorter than apophysis posterioris. Ostium bursae broad. Postvaginal plate short but broad, weakly sclerotised. Ventral and lateral margins of ostium bursae gelatinous and somewhat swollen. Ductus bursae short, dorso-ventrally flattened, heavily sclerotised with longitudinal folds. Posterior section of corpus bursae conical with asymmetrically protruding right margin, heavily sclerotised with gelatinous medial part. Anterior section of corpus bursae broader than posterior one, semiglobular, weakly granulose and bearing two small circular signa. Appendix bursae asymmetrically conical and apically rounded, heavily sclerotised, positioned ventrally-laterally on right side of posterior section of corpus bursae.</p> <p>Distribution. Endemic to the Andaman Islands.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the distal spot of the male forewing, which is markedly smaller than in the similar species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/986309348F6DFFDFFF16A85FED39FAC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2022): A review of the genus Brunia Moore from the Andaman Islands (India) with a description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 82-91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.8
986309348F6FFFD4FF16AE86EA56FD2C.text	986309348F6FFFD4FF16AE86EA56FD2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunia cucullata (Moore 1878)	<div><p>Brunia cucullata (Moore, 1878)</p> <p>(Figs 11–14, 20, 21, 26)</p> <p>Katha cucullata Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 17 (Type locality: “Andamans”).</p> <p>Type material examined. Lectotype (hereby designated) (Fig. 11): male, “Andaman | Isles” / red ring “Type” label / “Moore Coll. | 94–106.” / QR- code label with unique number: “ NHMUK010401793 ” (NHMUK).</p> <p>Additional material examined. INDIA, ANDAMAN &amp; NICOBAR ISLANDS: 1 male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.4403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.4321" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.4403/lat 11.4321)">South Andaman</a>, Port Blair, Mt. Harriet, 11.4321°N 92.4403°E, 23–24.VIII.2001, Jan-Peter Rudloff leg., Coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-006 (prepared by Volynkin); 1 male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.4929&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.4889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.4929/lat 12.4889)">Middle Andaman</a>, Tugapure, 3km S, 12.4889°N 92.4929°E, 14–16.VIII.2001, Jan-Peter Rudloff leg., Coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-008 (prepared by Volynkin); 2 females, Middle Andaman, Tugapure (Rainfor. [est]), 12°50'72''N, 92°49'29''E, 22–26.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021- 279 (prepared by Volynkin); 1 male, North Andaman, Mayabunder, 6 km S; Karmatany – rainforest, 12°50'6[5]1''N, 092°56'06''E, 17–21.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-281 (prepared by Volynkin); 1 male, South Andaman, Bambooflat (Rainfor. [est]), 11°42'8[3]2''N 092°42'02''E, 27–28.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg. (all in MWM / ZSM).</p> <p>Note. In the original description, Moore (1878) has not mentioned the number of specimens. In order to stabilise the nomenclature, the male specimen labeled as “Type” and deposited in the NHMUK collection is hereby designated as lectotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 13.5–14.0 mm in males and 16.0– 16.5 mm in females. Brunia cucullata (Figs 11–14) is clearly different from the similar and sympatric B. antica (Figs 15, 16) in the larger size and the more distally angular forewing of both sexes. Additionally, the male of B. cucullata differs from B. antica in the darker, more distinct distal shade of the forewing, and the presence of greyish-brown suffusion on the hindwing apically. The male genital capsule of B. cucullata (Figs 20, 21) differs clearly from B. antica (Fig. 22) in the markedly longer and apically pointed dorsal lobe of the valva, and the long and hook-like upcurved distal saccular process, which is short, broad and trapezoidal in the congener. The phallus of B. cucullata is longer and more distally dilated than in B. antica, and bears heavier serrulation distally. The vesica configurations of the two species are fundamentally different. In the female genitalia, B. cucullata (Fig. 26) differs from B. antica (Fig. 27) in the markedly broader ostium and ductus bursae, and the broader posterior section of the corpus bursae lacking the left gelatinous diverticulum but bearing a heavily sclerotised plate on the left side. Additionally, compared to B. antica, the anterior section of the corpus bursae of B. cucullata is broader and bearing markedly smaller signa, and the appendix bursae is shorter and laterally directed whereas it is posteriorly directed in the congener.</p> <p>Distribution. Endemic to the Andaman Islands (Moore 1878). The record from Northeast India (Hampson 1900) belongs to another, externally similar species of the genus and requires clarification.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/986309348F6FFFD4FF16AE86EA56FD2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2022): A review of the genus Brunia Moore from the Andaman Islands (India) with a description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 82-91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.8
986309348F64FFD4FF16A827EE4DF825.text	986309348F64FFD4FF16A827EE4DF825.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunia antica (Walker 1854)	<div><p>Brunia antica (Walker, 1854)</p> <p>(Figs 15, 16, 22, 27)</p> <p>Lithosia antica Walker, 1854, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 2: 505 (Type locality: [Sri Lanka] “Ceylon”).</p> <p>= Lithosia brevipennis Walker, 1854, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 2: 509 (Type locality: [Sri Lanka] “Ceylon”).</p> <p>= Lithosia natara Moore, 1859, A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East-India company, 2: 304 (Type locality: [Indonesia] “ Java ”).</p> <p>= Lithosia intermixta Walker, 1864, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 31: 229 (Type locality: “South Hindostan”).</p> <p>= Ilema atrifrons Hampson, 1907, The annals and magazine of natural history (7), 19: 231 (Type locality: [India, the Nicobar Islands] “ Nicobars ”).</p> <p>= Eilema kosemponensis Strand, 1917, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82 (A3): 113 (Type locality: [Taiwan] “ Formosa... Kosempo ”).</p> <p>= Lithosia horishanella Matsumura, 1927, Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan, 19 (1): 64, pl. 5, fig. 7 (Type locality: [Taiwan] “Formosa … at Horisha”.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, ANDAMAN &amp; NICOBAR ISLANDS: 1 male, Little Andaman, Huck Bay, Quarry Hilus, 10.3552°N 92.3016'E, 26–27.VIII.2001, Jan-Peter Rudloff leg., Coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-007 (prepared by Volynkin); 2 males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.5623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.2761" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.5623/lat 12.2761)">Middle Andaman</a>, Rangat – 2.5 km S, 12.2761°N 92.5623°E, 12–13.VIII.2001, Jan-Peter Rudloff leg., Coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-009, ZSM Arct. 2021-276 (prepared by Volynkin); 1 male, 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.4403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.4321" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.4403/lat 11.4321)">South Andaman</a>, Port Blair, Mt. Harriet, 11.4321°N 92.4403°E, 23–24.VIII.2001, Jan-Peter Rudloff leg., Coll. Dr. R. Brechlin, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-277 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-278 (female) (prepared by Volynkin); 1 female, North Andaman, Mayabunder, 6 km S; Karmatany – rainforest, 12°50'6[5]1''N, 092°56'06''E, 17–21.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-280 (prepared by Volynkin); 1 female, South Andaman, Bambooflat (Rainfor. [est]), 11°42'8[3]2''N 092°42'02''E, 27–28.XI.2000, J.-P. Rudloff leg. (all in MWM / ZSM).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 11.00–12.0 mm in males and 13.0– 13.5 mm in females. The diagnostic comparison with the sympatric B. cucullata is provided above in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p> <p>Distribution. Sri Lanka, India (including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Southwest and South China, Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sundaland), Chagos Islands, and the Philippines (Arora 1983, as brevipennis; Inoue 1988; Fang 2000, as ‘ Eilema apicalis (Walker) ’and brevipennis; Holloway 2001; Černý &amp; Pinratana 2009; Bucsek 2012, 2017; Bae et al. 2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/986309348F64FFD4FF16A827EE4DF825	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2022): A review of the genus Brunia Moore from the Andaman Islands (India) with a description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Ecologica Montenegrina 59: 82-91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.59.8
