taxonID	type	description	language	source
995A87BA7376FFADE797FC483CF2F92D.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Arcitalitrus Hurley, 1957. Included genera (15). Albidiator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Arcitalitrus Hurley, 1975; Austrotroides Friend, 1982; Calviator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Fleuriella Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Hermaniator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Insulariator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Keratroides Hurley, 1975; Lutruwitiator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Myanmarorchestia Hou, 2017; Mysticotalitrus Hurley, 1975; Richardsoniella Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Solitroides Suzuki, Nakano, Nguyen, Nguyen, Morino & Tomikawa, 2017; Swaziator Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Talitriator Methuen, 1913. Category. Femipods and semi-mascupods. Ecological type. Riparian-hoppers, field-hoppers, forest-hoppers and ground-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7376FFADE797FC483CF2F92D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; South Africa; Atlantic South America and Indonesia and Malaysia. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2 or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin of some but not all merus, carpus and propodus with palmate lobes; propodus subrectangular, enlarged subrectangular or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 mitten-shaped. Pereopods 3 – 7 simplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus basidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length or shorter than pereopod 7. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle. Telson with 1 – 9 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7376FFACE797F8CC383DFDAC.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Protorchestia Bousfield, 1982. Included genera (5). Cochinorchestia Lowry & Peart, 2010; Eorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Microrchestia Bousfield, 1984; Neorchestia Friend, 1987; Protorchestia Bousfield, 1982. Category. Mascupods. Ecological type. Marsh-hoppers and forest-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7376FFACE797F8CC383DFDAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea, South Africa, East Africa and Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean including Madagascar; Mauritius, Pacific South and Central America and Western North Atlantic. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2 or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes; propodus ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe. Gnathopod 2 subchelate. Pereopods 3 – 7 simplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus basidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length or shorter than pereopod 7. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length, longer than or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical robust setae only or with apical and marginal robust setae, with 1 – 6 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7377FFAFE797F98D3EB4FED1.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Uhlorchestia Bousfield, 1984. Included genera (1). Uhlorchestia Bousfield, 1984. Category. Mascupod. Ecological type. Marsh-hoppers. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 reduced, button-shaped. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes; propodus ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe. Gnathopod 2 subchelate. Pereopods 3 – 7 simplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus basidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length to pereopod 7. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical and marginal robust setae, with 3 – 6 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7377FFAFE797F98D3EB4FED1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A well-defined monotypic family.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7375FFA9E797FF603EF4FE8D.taxon	description	Included genera (96). Agilestia Friend, 1982; Africorchestia Lowry & Coleman, 2011; Americorchestia Bousfield, 1991; Amphiatlantica Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Asiaorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Atlantorchestoidea Serejo, 2004; Australorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Austropacifica Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019 a; Bellorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Bousfieldia Chou & Lee, 1996; Brevitalitrus Bousfield, 1971; Britorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2012; Bulychevia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Canariorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Capeorchestia Lowry & Baldanzi, 2016; Caribitroides Lindeman, 1990; Cariborchestia Smith, 1998; Cerrorchestia Lindeman, 1990; Chelorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Chevreuxiana Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Chiltonorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Chroestia Marsden & Fenwick, 1984; Cryptorchestia Lowry & Fanini. 2013; Curiotalitrus Lowry & Coleman, 2012; Dana Lowry, 2011; Dallwitzia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Defeo Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Dendrorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Derzhavinia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Deshayesorchestia Ruffo, 2004; Deshurleyella Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Ditmorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 d; Dracorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Ezotinorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 a; Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Galaporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Gazia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019; Hawaiorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Hermesorchestia Hughes & Lowry, 2017; Houlia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Ignamborchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Indiorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kaalorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kanikania Duncan, 1994; Kellyduncania Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kohuroa Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Kokuborchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 c; Laniporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lanorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 2010; Laurenia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lesliorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lowryella Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 b; Macarorchestia Stock, 1989 a; Makawe Duncan, 1994; Megalorchestia Brandt, 1851; Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990; Mexorchestia Wildish & LeCroy, 2014; Minamitalitrus White, Lowry & Morino, 2013; Mizuhorchestia Morino, 2014; Morinoia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Nipponorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 a; Notorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Oamaru Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Omaiorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Opunorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Orchestia Leach, 1814; Orchestiella Friend, 1987; Orchestoidea Nicolet, 1849; Paciforchestia Bousfield, 1982; Palmorchestia Stock & Martin, 1988; Parorchestia Stebbing 1899; Pickorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Persianorchestia Momtazi, Lowry & Hekmatara, 2017; Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982; Puhuruhuru Duncan, 1994; Pyatakovestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 b; Sardorchestia Ruffo in Tafani et al., 2004; Sinbadorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Sinorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 1999; Snaresorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Spelaeorchestia Bousfield & Howarth, 1976; Speziorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Talitroides Bonnier, 1898; Talitrus Bosc, 1802; Talorchestia Dana, 1853; Tasmanorchestia Friend, 1987; Tethorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Tongorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2013; Transorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Traskorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Trinorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Tropicorchestia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2015; Vallorchestia Lowry, 2012; Vietorchestia Dang & Le, 2011; Waematau Duncan, 1994. Category. Mascupods, femipods and semi-mascupods. Ecological type. Beach-hoppers, sand-hoppers, driftwood-hoppers, cave-hoppers, field-hoppers, riparian hoppers, forest-hoppers and moss-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7375FFA9E797FF603EF4FE8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; New Caledonia and New Zealand; Western Indian Ocean; Japan and Taiwan; Pacific Plate; Caribbean; The Philippines; India, South Africa, West Africa, Atlantic South America, Japan and Russia, Taiwan China, East Atlantic and Mediterranean, Caribbean, Pacific North America and Pacific Plate; Persian Gulf; Pacific South and Central America; Indonesia and Malaysia; Western North Atlantic. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2, or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 with or without (Cerrorchestia) distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct, reduced, button-shaped or fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin of some but not all merus, carpus and propodus with palmate lobes; propodus subrectangular or ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 subchelate, chelate or mitten-shaped. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate, homosimplidactylate (Galaporchestia) or pereopods 3, 4 cuspidactylate, 5 – 7 simplidactylate (Chelorchestia). Pereopod 4 dactylus basidactylate, amplidactylate or homobasidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus inflated or not. Pereopod 6 subequal in length or shorter than pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 sexually dimorphic or not. Epimera 1 – 3 slits present on at least one plate or absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami with or without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one or two rows or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length, longer or shorter than peduncle. Telson with only apical robust setae or with apical and marginal robust setae, with 1 to at least 10 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7372FFA8E797FBA9386EFF35.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Brevitalitrus Bousfield, 1971 Included genera (9). Bousfieldia Chou & Lee, 1996; Brevitalitrus Bousfield, 1971; Caribitroides Lindeman, 1990; Cerrorchestia Lindeman, 1990; Hawaiorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Mexitroides Lindeman, 1990; Mizuhorchestia Morino, 2014;? Spelaeorchestia Bousfield & Howarth, 1976; Talitroides Bonnier, 1898. Category. Mascupods and femipods. Ecological type. Field-hoppers, forest-hoppers and moss-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7372FFA8E797FBA9386EFF35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; Western Indian Ocean; Japan and Taiwan; Pacific Plate; Caribbean. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2 or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes; propodus subrectangular or ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 subchelate or mitten-shaped. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length or shorter than pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle. Telson with only apical robust (except Brevitalitrus); with 1 – 6 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7372FFA8E797FBA9386EFF35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bousfield (1984: table 8) describes pereopods 3 – 7 as cuspidactylate for Spelaeorchestia and this in association with other characters (antenna 1 short, maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe, uropod 1 exopod without marginal setae and telson with 3 robust setae per lobe) places it in either the Brevitalitridae or the Makawidae. Both families contain femipods. We are unable to separate the Makawidae and Brevitalitridae on morphological character states, but they have very different distributions. The Makawiidae are found only in Zealandia (New Zealand, New Caledonia and Lord Howe) and Tasmania. The Brevitalitridae, by contrast are almost world- wide from South and Central America, through Taiwan and Japan to Hawaii and across many islands on the Pacific Plate as well as in the Indian Ocean. Based on biogeography we tentatively place Spelaeorchestia in the Brevitalitridae.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7373FFA8E797FEB43FF8FC91.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Curiotalitrus Lowry & Coleman, 2012. Included genera (1). Curiotalitrus Lowry & Coleman, 2012. Category. Femipod. Ecological type. Forest-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7373FFA8E797FEB43FF8FC91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The Philippines. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of carpus with palmate lobe or posterior margin of carpus and proximal margin of propodus each with palmate setae; propodus subrectangular. Gnathopod 2 mitten-shaped. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus homobasidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length to pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod sexually dimorphic, spoon-shaped; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row. Uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical and marginal robust setae, with 3 – 6 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7373FFABE797FC483E6DFE8D.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Makawe Duncan, 1994. Included genera (22). Agilestia Friend, 1982;? Chiltonorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Dana Lowry, 2011; Dendrorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Deshurleyella Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Dracorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Ignamborchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kanikania Duncan, 1994; Kellyduncania Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kohuroa Lowry, Myers & Nakano, 2019; Laurenia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lesliorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Makawe Duncan, 1994; Oamaru Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Omaiorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Orchestiella Friend, 1987; Parorchestia Stebbing 1899; Puhuruhuru Duncan, 1994; Sinbadorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Snaresorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Tasmanorchestia Friend, 1987; Waematau Duncan, 1994. Category. Mascupods, femipods and semi-mascupods. Ecological type. Field-hoppers, ground-hoppers, riparian-hoppers, forest-hoppers, moss-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7373FFABE797FC483E6DFE8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia; New Caledonia and New Zealand. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2, or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 without distomedial lobe; article 4 small, distinct. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin of some but not all merus, carpus and propodus with palmate lobes; propodus subrectangular, enlarged subrectangular, ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 subchelate or mitten-shaped. Pereopods 3 – 7 simplidactylate, cuspidactylate or homosimplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate or homobasidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length or shorter than pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical robust setae only or with apical and marginal robust setae, with 1 – 9 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7373FFABE797FC483E6DFE8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Makawidae can be separated from all other family level taxa except the Brevitalitridae (see remarks under Brevitalitridae). The cuspidactylation for ten of the New Zealand genera was designated in Bousfield (1984: table 8. According to Ed Hendrycks (pers. comm.) Bousfield visited Des Hurley in New Zealand in 1978. Bousfield may have studied these genera at that time. Recent examination by Rachael Peart has shown that although Kanikania rubroannulata (Hurley, 1957) is cuspidactylate as recorded by Bousfield (1984), Dendrorchestia parva (Chilton, 1909) and Dracorchestia maynei (Chilton, 1909) are not, despite being recorded as cuspidactulate by Bousfield (1984). The illustrations of Duncan (1994) and Hurley (1956) who studied all of these genera do not clearly indicate the cuspidactylation of the pereopods. Chiltonorchestia is tentatively placed in the Makawidae, but pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylation and pereopod 4 dactylation cannot be confidently scored.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7370FFAAE797FA0A3967F99D.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Talitrus Bosc, 1802. Included genera (64). Africorchestia Lowry & Coleman, 2011; Americorchestia Bousfield, 1991; Amphiatlantica Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Asiaorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Atlantorchestoidea Serejo, 2004; Australorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Austropacifica Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019 a; Bellorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Britorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2012; Bulychevia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Canariorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Capeorchestia Lowry & Baldanzi, 2016; Cariborchestia Smith, 1998; Chelorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Chevreuxiana Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Chroestia Marsden & Fenwick, 1984; Cryptorchestia Lowry & Fanini. 2013; Dallwitzia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Defeo Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Derzhavinia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Deshayesorchestia Ruffo, 2004; Ditmorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 d; Ezotinorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 a; Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Galaporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Gazia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019; Hermesorchestia Hughes & Lowry, 2017; Houlia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Indiorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kaalorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kokuborchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 c; Laniporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lanorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 2010; Lowryella Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 b; Macarorchestia Stock, 1989 a; Megalorchestia Brandt, 1851; Mexorchestia Wildish & LeCroy, 2014; Minamitalitrus White, Lowry & Morino, 2013; Morinoia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Nipponorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 a; Notorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Opunorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Orchestia Leach, 1814; Orchestoidea Nicolet, 1849; Paciforchestia Bousfield, 1982; Palmorchestia Stock & Martin, 1988; Pickorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Persianorchestia Momtazi, Lowry & Hekmatara, 2017; Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Pyatakovestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 b; Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982; Sardorchestia Ruffo in Tafani et al., 2004; Sinorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 1999; Speziorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Talitrus Bosc, 1802; Talorchestia Dana, 1853; Tethorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Tongorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2013; Transorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Traskorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Trinorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Tropicorchestia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2015; Vallorchestia Lowry, 2012; Vietorchestia Dang & Le, 2011. Category. Mascupods, femipods and semi-mascupods. Ecological type. Marsh-hoppers, beach-hoppers, sand-hoppers, driftwood-hoppers, cave-hoppers, moss-hoppers, forest-hoppers, riparian-hoppers, field-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7370FFAAE797FA0A3967F99D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; New Zealand; New Caledonia; India; South Africa, West Africa, East Africa and the Red Sea; Western Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; Indonesia and Malaysia; the Caribbean, Pacific North America and the Pacific Plate; Japan and Russia; Taiwan; China; Pacific South and Central America; Atlantic South America; Western North Atlantic; East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2, or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 with distomedial lobe; article 4 reduced, button-shaped or fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 mainly posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin, much less frequently with or without palmate lobes on merus, carpus and propodus or only on carpus or propodus; propodus subrectangular or ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 subchelate or mitten-shaped; dactylus with or without posteroproximal projection. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate or pereopods 3, 4 cuspidactylate, 5 – 7 simplidactylate or homosimplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate or homobasidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length, shorter or longer than pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 sexually dimorphic (basis, merus and carpus expanded or merus and carpus expanded) or not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits present or absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami with or without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or with marginal robust setae in two rows or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length, longer or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical and marginal robust setae, with 2 to at least 10 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7370FFAAE797FA0A3967F99D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Bousfield (1984) Chelorchestia and Galaporchestia have pereopods 3 to 7 simplidactylate. Either this designation is incorrect or these two genera are convergently homosimplidactylate and homobasidactylate. Houlia is based on a female only. It has an unusual pereopod dactylation formula. Pereopods 3 and 4 are simplidactylate and 5 – 7 are cuspidactylate so it cannot be in the Protorchestoidae in which epifamily all the pereopods are simplidactylate. Based on non-sexually dimorphic characters Houlia is placed in the Talitrinae. Platorchestia is the widest ranging talitrid amphipod genus in the northern hemisphere from the North Atlantic to Japan in the north-western Pacific. It is found throughout the southern hemisphere on many isolated islands.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7371FFA5E797F95C3CC7FAB5.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Talitrus Bosc, 1802. Included genera (55). Africorchestia Lowry & Coleman, 2011; Amphiatlantica Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Atlantorchestoidea Serejo, 2004; Australorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Bellorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Bulychevia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Canariorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Capeorchestia Lowry & Baldanzi, 2016; Cariborchestia Smith, 1998; Chelorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Chevreuxiana Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Chroestia Marsden & Fenwick, 1984; Cryptorchestia Lowry & Fanini. 2013; Dallwitzia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Defeo Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Derzhavinia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Deshayesorchestia Ruffo, 2004; Ditmorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 d; Ezotinorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 a; Galaporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Hermesorchestia Hughes & Lowry, 2017; Houlia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Indiorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kaalorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Kokuborchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 c; Laniporchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Lanorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 2010; Lowryella Morino & Miyamoto, 2016 b; Macarorchestia Stock, 1989 a; Megalorchestia Brandt, 1851; Mexorchestia Wildish & LeCroy, 2014; Minamitalitrus White, Lowry & Morino, 2013; Morinoia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Nipponorchestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 a; Notorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008; Opunorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Orchestia Leach, 1814; Orchestoidea Nicolet, 1849; Paciforchestia Bousfield, 1982; Palmorchestia Stock & Martin, 1988; Pickorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Pyatakovestia Morino & Miyamoto, 2015 b; Sinorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 1999; Speziorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Talitrus Bosc, 1802; Talorchestia Dana, 1853; Tethorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Tongorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2013; Transorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Traskorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Trinorchestia Bousfield, 1982; Tropicorchestia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2015; Vallorchestia Lowry, 2012; Vietorchestia Dang & Le, 2011. Category. Mascupods, femipods and semi-mascupods. Ecological type. Marsh-hoppers, beach-hoppers, sand-hoppers, driftwood-hoppers, cave-hoppers, moss-hoppers, forest-hoppers, riparian-hoppers, field-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA7371FFA5E797F95C3CC7FAB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; New Zealand; New Caledonia; India; South Africa, West Africa, East Africa and the Red Sea; Western Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; Indonesia and Malaysia; the Caribbean, Pacific North America and the Pacific Plate; Japan and Russia; Taiwan; China; Pacific South and Central America; Atlantic South America; Western North Atlantic; East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 long, reaching to at least midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2, or short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 with distomedial lobe; article 4 reduced, button-shaped or fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 mainly posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with palmate lobes or posterior margin, much less frequently with or without palmate lobes on merus, carpus and propodus or only on carpus or propodus; propodus subrectangular or ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe or subrectangular, tapering distally. Gnathopod 2 subchelate or mitten-shaped; dactylus with or without posteroproximal projection. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate or pereopods 3, 4 cuspidactylate, 5 – 7 simplidactylate or homosimplidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate or homobasidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length, shorter or longer than pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 sexually dimorphic (basis, merus and carpus expanded or merus and carpus expanded) or not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or with marginal robust setae in two rows or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length, longer or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical and marginal robust setae, with 2 to at least 10 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737EFFA4E797FA3438A7FEA9.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984. Included genera (3). Austropacifica Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019 a; Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984; Gazia Lowry & Springthorpe, 2019. Category. Mascupods. Ecological type. Beach-hoppers, field-hoppers, forest-hoppers and riparian-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737EFFA4E797FA3438A7FEA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia and Papua New Guinea; South Africa, East Africa and the Red Sea; Western Indian Ocean; Indonesia and Malaysia; the Pacific Plate and the Caribbean. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 with distomedial lobe; article 4 reduced, button-shaped or fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae or posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae; propodus ‘ subtriangular’ with well-developed posterodistal lobe. Gnathopod 2 subchelate. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length to pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits present on at least one plate. Uropods 1 – 2 rami without apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with one long midmedial rod-like seta with sponge-like tip or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length or shorter than peduncle. With apical and marginal robust setae, with 2 robust setae per lobe or with 3 – 6 robust setae per lobe or with 7 – 9 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737EFFA4E797FA3438A7FEA9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subfamily, defined by vertical slits on some epimera, is a wide ranging tropical group found in the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific with one species of Floresorchestia in the Caribbean Sea.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737FFFA4E797FE403E05FB09.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982. Included genera (6). Americorchestia Bousfield, 1991; Asiaorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2019 a; Britorchestia Lowry & Bopiah, 2012; Persianorchestia Momtazi, Lowry & Hekmatara, 2017; Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982; Sardorchestia Ruffo in Tafani et al., 2004. Category. Mascupods. Ecological type. Sand-hoppers.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737FFFA4E797FE403E05FB09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Persian Gulf; Pacific South and Central America; Indonesia and Malaysia; East Atlantic and Mediterranean; Western North Atlantic. Diagnostic description. Antenna 1 short, not reaching midpoint of peduncular article 5 of antenna 2. Maxilliped palp article 2 with distomedial lobe; article 4 reduced, button-shaped or fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae; propodus subrectangular. Gnathopod 2 subchelate. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 dactylus amplidactylate. Pereopod 5 dactylus not inflated or inflated. Pereopod 6 subequal in length to pereopod 7. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic. Epimera 1 – 3 slits absent. Uropods 1 – 2 rami with apical spear-shaped setae. Uropod 1 male exopod not sexually dimorphic; exopod with marginal robust setae in one row or with marginal robust setae in two rows or without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length, longer than or shorter than peduncle. Telson with apical and marginal robust setae, with 3 to at least 10 robust setae per lobe.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
995A87BA737FFFA4E797FE403E05FB09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pseudorchestoideini is defined by the unusual spear-shaped apical setae on the rami of uropods 1 and 2. The group follows the ancient southern Laurasian coastline from tropical America through the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf to Vietnam.	en	Myers, A. A., Lowry, J. K. (2020): A phylogeny and classification of the Talitroidea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata) based on interpretation of morphological synapomorphies and homoplasies. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 281-310, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.3
