identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A23879CFFF0AB2C0C1F9A31FC62F868.text	9A23879CFFF0AB2C0C1F9A31FC62F868.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Pterandrus) quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Pterandrus) quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala &amp; Virgilio sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE85EC42-12F6-4C76-80C2-CA8A7C4E7D5D</p>
            <p>Fig. 1</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>Named in honour of the late Dr. Serge Quilici (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CIRAD, La Réunion) who passed away in 2015. The species name should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>  TANZANIA: Ƌ,  Nyandira , EGOlure trap, 4 May 2013, M. Mwatawala (RMCA coll Nr T19315). </p>
            <p>Paratypes (deposited in BMNH, NMK, RMCA, SANC, SUA, and USNM)</p>
            <p>TANZANIA: same locality as holotype: 2 ƋƋ, 4 May 2013 (coll Nr T 19315); 1 Ƌ, 1 Jun. 2013, coll Nr T 19471; 2 ƋƋ, 1 Jun. 2013 (coll Nr T 19474); 16 ƋƋ (1 Ƌ barcoded RMCA, AB 42864782, see Table 1), combined lures, 2006, M. Mwatawala; 33 ƋƋ, Mgeta Visada, EGOlure trap, 4 May– 29 Jun. 2013, M. Mwatawala.</p>
            <p> KENYA: 2 ƋƋ, Kirimiri Forest, reared ex fruits  Englerophytum natalense , 23 Jan. 2002, coll Nr 1683; 1 Ƌ, Kirimiri Forest, reared ex fruits  Englerophytum natalense , 21 Jan. 2003, coll Nr 2380, all R.S. Copeland. </p>
            <p>Non-type material</p>
            <p>BOTSWANA: Gaborone.</p>
            <p>KENYA: Embu-Runyenjes; Kirimiri Forest; Taita Hills, near Ngangao Forest.</p>
            <p>MALAWI: Bvumbwe Research Station; Kumbali; Zomba.</p>
            <p>RÉUNION ISLAND: St. Pierre.</p>
            <p>SOUTH AFRICA: Addo; Arnoldton; Baltimore; Bavaria; Bloemfontein; Bonza Bay; Britstown; Burgershall; Cato Manor; Cedara; Citrusdal; Clanwilliam; Doreen Clark Nature Reserve; Duivelskloof; Dukuduku; Durban; East London; Enon Farm, near Richmond; Eshowe; Ferncilff Nature Reserve; Fort Beaufort; Gariepdam; Grahamstown; Haenertsburg; Wyllie’s Poort, Ingwe Motel; Jan Kempdorp; King William’s Town; Kirkwood; Knysna; Komatipoort; Kruger National Park; Kwambonambi; Louis Trichardt; Lynnwood; Malipsdrift; Marble Hall; Nelspruit; Nkandla; Nkwalini; Olifantshoek; Onrus River; Paarl; Pienaarspoort; Pietermaritzburg; Piketberg; Port Elizabeth; Port Shepstone; Porterville; Pretoria; Riebeek Kasteel; Roodeplaat; Rustenburg; Somerset West; Stellenbosch; Tshipise; Tzaneen; Uitenhage; Volksrust; Vryburg; Warner Beach; Wynberg.</p>
            <p>SWAZILAND: Ngonini Estates.</p>
            <p>TANZANIA: Amani; Arusha Municipality; Kibundi; Kidiwa; Langali; Lushoto; Mikese; Mlali; Morogoro Municipality; Moshi Municipality; Mgeta Msikitini; Nyandira; Pinde; Tengeru; Visada.</p>
            <p>ZIMBABWE: Harare; Vumba.</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 4.81 (3.68–5.68) mm; wing length: 5.55 (4.48–6.08) mm.</p>
            <p> HEAD (Fig. 1a). Antenna yellow. First flagellomere in lateral view 2–3 times as long as wide, obtuse apically. Arista short to  medium pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most twice width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta at least 4 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view, yellow to yellowish-white. Genal seta and setulae black. Face and occiput yellowish-white, the latter somewhat darker dorsally. </p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 1 b–c). Postpronotal lobe white to yellowish-white, without black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground color greyish to greyish-brown, sometimes with orange tinge; with streaks and darker markings but without distinct spots except pair of separate prescutellar white markings, usually with pale yellowish-white area in between. Setae black. Anepisternum on ventral half darker yellowish-brown to brown; with pale pilosity, one anepisternal seta. Anatergite and katatergite white. Scutellum yellowish-white, usually with two narrow separate dark brown spots basally, sometimes less distinct; apically with three separate black spots, extending anteriorly to level of or just anterior to basal scutellar seta. Subscutellum black.</p>
            <p>LEGS (Fig. 1d, f). Slender; yellow or yellowish-white except where otherwise noted; setation mixed pale and black. Forefemur with dispersed rows of long black setulae posterodorsally, posteroventrally shorter and pale; ventral spine-like setae black. Midfemur with few dispersed pale setulae ventrally; midtibia thin at base, moderately and gradually broadened; anteriorly black with conspicuous silvery shine when viewed from certain angle on distal 0.66 to 0.75 (black color sometimes inconspicuous in teneral specimens but silvery shine is always present), black color usually not reaching ventral and dorsal margins, especially on basal part; with black feathering dorsally along distal 0.75 and ventrally along distal 0.66, occasionally to distal 0.75. Hindfemur at distal 0.25 with longer setulae dorsally and ventrally.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 1e). Markings yellowish-brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band and discal band present, posterior apical band absent; anterior apical band not touching discal band; subapical band isolated. Cross-vein R-M situated at or just before midlength of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN. Ground colour mainly yellow. Tergites 2 and 4 on posterior half with greyish microtrichosity; anterior margin sometimes narrowly brownish colored, especially laterally. Tergite 3 with posterior half patchily brownish, anterior half yellowish-brown, both parts not clearly demarcated; sometimes more extensively brown. Tergite 5 with basal half brownish, sometimes divided medially by paler spot.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Unknown (see remarks).</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Based upon the above listing,  C. quilicii sp. nov. is widely distributed throughout southern and eastern Africa with confirmed records from Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It is also known from Réunion Island. </p>
            <p>Host records</p>
            <p> The recent recognition that  C. rosa s.lat. actually comprises two distinct species (see Remarks below) requires a re-examination of all material previously reported under ‘  C. rosa ’, including records on host use. Reared material that could be studied and identified confirmed the following plants as hosts for  C. quilicii sp. nov. :  Myrtaceae :  Psidium cattleianum Sabine ,  P. guajava L.,  Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston;  Rosaceae :  Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindley ,  Malus domestica Borkh. ,  Prunus persica (L.) Batsch,  Pyrus communis L.,  Rubus sp.;  Rubiaceae :  Coffea arabica L.;  Sapotaceae :  Chrysophyllum magalismontanum Sond. ,  Englerophytum natalense (Sond.) T.D. Penn.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Ceratitis quilicii sp. nov. belongs to the subgenus  Pterandrus and in particular to the  Pterandrus section A as defined by Barr &amp; Wiegmann (2009). Within this section, it belongs to the  Ceratitis FAR complex as defined by Barr &amp; McPheron (2006) and Virgilio et al. (2008). A recent study by Virgilio et al. (2013) recognized five microsatellite genotypic clusters within the complex, two of which correspond with  Ceratitis rosa . Further studies including morphometrics, developmental physiology, cuticular hydrocarbons, pheromones and mating incompatibility (De Meyer et al. 2015b and references therein) provided evidence that these two genotypic clusters represent two distinct entities that should be considered separate species. Mwatawala et al. (2015) furthermore presented evidence that the two entities appear to have different environmental requirements, a case that was supported by some of the differences observed by Tanga et al. (2015). These studies also confirmed the earlier proposed hypothesis by Grout &amp; Stoltz (2007) that  C. rosa could actually include two separate entities with different ecological requirements. However, a study along an altitudinal transect in central Tanzania (Mwatawala et al. 2015), as well as re-examinations of material housed in natural history collections, have shown that the two species can co-occur in particular areas. </p>
            <p> This species is largely identical to  C. rosa . Only the males can be distinguished by minor differences of the midtibia,  C. rosa having a broader midtibia with black coloration reaching the ventral and dorsal margins of the tibia throughout (Fig. 1g), while  C. quilicii sp. nov. has a more slender tibia, gradually tapering towards the base, and with the black coloration not reaching the ventral and dorsal margins throughout the full length (Fig. 1f). Females cannot be differentiated currently and, therefore, no female specimens are included in the type series. The description of the female of  C. rosa as given in De Meyer &amp; Freidberg (2006) applies to  C. quilicii sp. nov. as well. </p>
            <p> Ceratitis rosa has been referred to as “R1”, “the hot type ” or “lowland type ” in previous literature regarding the two species, while  C. quilicii sp. nov. has been referred to as “R2”, “the cold type ” or “highland type ” (see De Meyer et al. 2015b and Hendrichs et al. 2015, and references therein). The DNA barcodes produced for five specimens of  C. quilicii sp. nov. from Tanzania, South Africa and La Réunion (see Table 1 for voucher details and accessions) have a mean p-distance = 0.6% (Tamura et al. 2013). As already observed (Virgilio et al. 2008), DNA barcoding does not allow the unambiguous identification of species within the  Ceratitis FAR complex.  C. quilicii sp. nov. is no exception, as it clusters together with vouchers of  C. rosa from Kenya and Mozambique (the morphological identification of these latter was verified and confirmed as  C. rosa ) (Supplementary file). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFF0AB2C0C1F9A31FC62F868	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
9A23879CFFF5AB230C28996FFDF7FAA5.text	9A23879CFFF5AB230C28996FFDF7FAA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) pallidula De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) pallidula De Meyer, Mwatawala &amp; Virgilio sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A06A2B1F-6C0F-4AB5-80AD-5216E863C6A8</p>
            <p>Fig. 2</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>After the Latin word ‘pallidulus’, meaning somewhat pale (as diminutive of pallidus). The species name should be treated as an adjective.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>  TANZANIA: Ƌ, Morogoro, Sokoine University of Agriculture,  Horticulture Unit , EGOlure trap, T19570, 15 Jun. 2013, M. Mwatawala &amp; J. Kusolwa (RMCA). </p>
            <p>Paratypes (deposited in RMCA, SUA, BMNH, SANC, and USNM)</p>
            <p>TANZANIA: same locality as holotype: 16 ƋƋ, 1 Jun. 2013, T19480; 14 ƋƋ, 1 Jun. 2013, T19486; 8 ƋƋ, 15 Jun. 2013, T19570; 3 ƋƋ, 15 Jun. 2013, T19576; 10 ƋƋ, 29 Jun. 2013, T19660; 3 ƋƋ, 29 Jun. 2013, T19663; 5 ƋƋ, 29 Jun. 2013, T19666, all EGOlure trap, M. Mwatawala &amp; J. Kusolwa; 18 ƋƋ, 1 Jun. 2013, T19482; 10 ƋƋ, 1 Jun. 2013, T19485, both Terpinyl acetate trap, M. Mwatawala &amp; J. Joseph; 34 ƋƋ (4 ƋƋ DNA barcoded, see Table 1), 5–28 Jun. 2011, M. Mwatawala, EGOlure trap.</p>
            <p>Non-type material</p>
            <p>BURUNDI: 16 ƋƋ, Rumonge, 24 Jul.–11 Nov. 2013, terpinyl acetate trap, B. Nzigidahera (RMCA).</p>
            <p>ETHIOPIA: 2 ƋƋ (1 Ƌ DNA barcoded, see Table 1), Badano, Oct. 2010, terpinyl acetate trap, M. Mansell (RMCA).</p>
            <p>MALAWI: 2 ƋƋ (1 Ƌ DNA barcoded, see Table 1), Zomba, 31 Oct. 2010 – 7 Mar. 2011, EGOlure trap, M. Hendrickx (RMCA).</p>
            <p>TANZANIA: 1 Ƌ, Kimani, RtA104, 29 Aug. 1996, A. Freidberg (TAU).</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 3.0 (2.72–3.36); wing length: 3.10 (2.80–3.36) mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD (Fig. 2a). Antenna yellow, first flagellomere in lateral view twice as long as wide; with short acute tip apically. Arista short pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most equal to width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta about 3 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view; yellow-white. Genal seta pale, genal setulae mixed yellow and dark. Face and occiput white.</p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 2 b–c). Postpronotal lobe yellowish-white, without black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground colour shining pale yellow to yellow-orange, with pale pilosity/ microtrichosity; distinct paired black spot situated between dorsocentral and prescutellar acrostichal setae, (almost) touching, but not engulfing prescutellar acrostichal seta, posteriorly with prescutellar white semi-circular or similar marking; indistinct to distinct black spot near mesal end of transverse suture; occasionally additional black medial spot at level of transverse suture; lateral margins of scutum with black spots reduced, only paired spot on posterior lateral corner well developed. Setae black, except scapulars white. Pleura yellow-white. Anepisternum dorsal margin narrowly white, ventral half sometimes darker yellow, one anepisternal seta. Anatergite white, rarely with irregular black spot. Scutellum yellowish-white, apical margin with three large separate black spots, anteriorly extending to level of basal scutellar setae; with two brown to blackish, round submedial spots basally. Subscutellum black, sometimes more yellow submedially on ventral part.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Slender; yellow; with dispersed pale pilosity. Forefemur with pale ventral spine-like setae.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 2e). Markings yellow to yellowish-brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band and discal band present, posterior apical band absent; anterior apical band touching discal band; subapical band isolated. Cross-vein R-M at about basal third of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 2d). Ground colour yellow to orange; setulae and setae dark brown. Tergites 2 and 4 on posterior half to two-thirds with greyish microtrichosity.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Burundi, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi.</p>
            <p>Host plants</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> While this species was until recently unknown, it has been found in relatively high numbers (up to 400 flies/trap/week) through trapping activities using enriched ginger oil (EGOlure, Insect Science, Tzaneen South Africa) in central Tanzania (Mwatawala et al. 2013; referred to as ‘ C. near cosyra’). The first identification placed this as small specimens of  C. cosyra (Walker, 1849) but the morphological differences in mesonotal pattern and genetic differentiation of DNA barcodes (Table 1; Supplementary file) indicated this was not the case. Afterwards, additional specimens were trapped in other countries and it appears to be present throughout a wide range. The species is similar to  C. cosyra but can be readily differentiated by the absence of a black spot on the postpronotal lobe and the much smaller size. It also resembles  C. quinaria (Bezzi, 1918) and  C. silvestrii Bezzi, 1912 in general appearance but can be differentiated from the former by the three apical spots on the scutellum (five spots in  C. quinaria ) and from both by the presence of a black spot near the prescutellar acrostichal seta (absent in both  C. quinaria and  C. silvestrii ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFF5AB230C28996FFDF7FAA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
9A23879CFFFBAB260CE59D15FDFAFB65.text	9A23879CFFFBAB260CE59D15FDFAFB65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) taitaensis De Meyer & Copeland 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) taitaensis De Meyer &amp; Copeland sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1BFD784E-BA50-4D89-899A-707DD7D6A3B6</p>
            <p>Fig. 3</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The name is considered as an adjective derived from the geographical name ‘Taita’ referring to the Taita Hills, located in southeastern Kenya. The Taita Hills are the northernmost block of the Eastern Arc Mountain chain.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>  KENYA: Ƌ,  Vuria , reared from fruits of  Lepidotrichilia volkensii , 16 May 2012, R.S. Copeland (NMK) (CHIESA coll. Nr 228). </p>
            <p>Paratypes (deposited in NMK, ICIPE, RMCA, BMNH, and NMNH)</p>
            <p>KENYA: same locality as holotype: 3 ƋƋ, 2 ♀♀, 6 Jun. 2012, CHIESA coll. Nr 170; 2 ƋƋ, 6 Jun. 2012, CHIESA coll. Nr 171; 10 ƋƋ, 10 ♀♀, 16 May 2012, CHIESA coll. Nr 228 (2 ƋƋ, 2 ♀♀ barcoded</p>
            <p> RMCA, see Supplementary file); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, 10 Jul. 2012, CHIESA coll. Nr 261; 33 ƋƋ, 37 ♀♀, 22 Aug. 2012, CHIESA coll. Nr 269, all R.S. Copeland, reared from  Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Gürke) Leroy.</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 5.61 (5.04–6.08) mm; wing length: 6.20 (5.68–6.88) mm.</p>
            <p> HEAD (Fig. 3a). Antenna yellow. First flagellomere in lateral view twice as long as wide; obtuse apically. Arista short to medium pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most twice width of arista at base. One frontal seta, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior seta longer than posterior one; ocellar seta about 3–4 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view; yellow to orange, with greyish microtrichosity on posterior half. Gena broader than in other  Ceratitis species (maximum diameter of eye versus height of gena 2.5–3.0), genal seta and genal setulae yellow, latter sometimes blackish. </p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 3 b–c). Postpronotal lobe yellowish-white to white; with black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground colour shining yellow-brown to dark brown, with silvery microtrichosity covering most of dorsum, except circular area posterior to mesal end of transverse suture and in trapezoid area extending posteriorly from dorsocentral setae to anterior margin of scutellum, and narrowly along lateral margins; sublaterally the microtrichosity extends posteriorly to the intralar seta; narrow area along anterior margin, extending posteriorly along midline and posterior of postpronotal lobe, with less dense microtrichosity. Anepisternum yellowish-white, lower margin darker; with pale pilosity, one anepisternal seta. Scutellum yellowish-white, with three yellow-brown spots restricted to apical margin and ventral side; area between spots darker yellowish coloured. Subscutellum entirely brown to black.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Slender; yellow to yellowish-orange, tarsi sometimes slightly paler than rest of leg; with dispersed pale pilosity. Forefemur with dark brown ventral spine-like setae. Hindfemur at distal 0.25 with dark brown setae dorsally.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 3e). Markings brownish to yellowish-brown. Of typical bands, only anterior apical band distinct, including pterostigma and area posterior of pterostigma to vein R4+5; furthermore with brownish spot covering area surrounding cross-vein R-M (i.e., apical margin of cell br) and basal third of cell r4+5, continued in apical half of cell dm and anterior third of cell m, also broadly fused with anterior apical band; additional small marks in middle of cell cu 1 and basal part of cell m. Cross-vein R-M at or just beyond midlength of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells but poorly developed.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 3d). Ground colour yellow to orange-brown. Tergites 2 and 4 on posterior half to twothirds with greyish microtrichosity.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p> As male except for the following characters: gena less broad (maximum eye diameter to gena height ratio less than 2.5). Wing with well developed bands as in other  Ceratitis species (Fig. 3f): discal band interrupted in cell dm; anterior apical band and discal band separated or only narrowly touching; subapical band narrowly touching anterior part of discal band; posterior apical band isolated. Oviscape orange, with dispersed dark brown to black pilosity. Tergal-oviscapal ratio (= length of abdominal tergites 1–5 versus length of oviscape): 1.5–2. Aculeus (Fig. 3 g–h) flattened, 7–8 times longer than broad, apex bifurcated, and with pair of subapical protuberances. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Kenya.</p>
            <p>Host plants</p>
            <p> Reared from fruits of  Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Gürke) Leroy (Meliaceae) . </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Ceratitis whartoni was described by De Meyer &amp; Copeland (2009) from forested areas in the Central Highlands of Kenya (Gatamayu Forest, Nyanduma Forest, Mt. Kenya Forest), all reared from fruits of  Lepidotrichilia volkensii (Meliaceae) . It was an enigmatic species because of the dimorphic wing pattern, with that of the male largely differing from the standard wing banding found in most other  Ceratitis species. A series of specimens reared from the same host plant collected in Taita Hills (approximately 400 km southeast of the nearest site of  C. whartoni ) are morphologically almost identical, with only slight differences in wing pattern and female aculeus (male wing with dark marking in cell dm occupying more than half of cell in  C. whartoni , less than half in  C. taitaensis sp. nov. ; female wing with discal band complete in  C. whartoni , partially interrupted in cell dm in  C. taitaensis sp. nov. ; aculeus with bifurcated apex more slender in  C. taitaensis sp. nov. (less than one-third of entire width) and invagination less deep than in  C. whartoni ). However, the analysis of the available DNA barcodes of  C. whartoni (Table 1; Supplementary file) revealed remarkable genetic differentiation from  C. taitaensis sp. nov. (p-distance = 8.5%). It was, therefore, decided to recognize this as a separate species. The Taita Hills are a chain of forested mountain tops surrounded by the flat and dry Tsavo Plains. They form the northernmost mountainous massif of the Eastern Arc Mountains, a chain of ancient crystalline mountains (Burgess et al. 2007) and are considered a major biodiversity hotspot (Meyers et al. 2000). We place this species in the subgenus  Ceratalaspis for the same reasons as outlined in De Meyer &amp; Copeland (2009) regarding the placement of  C. whartoni . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFFBAB260CE59D15FDFAFB65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879.text	9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) sawahilensis De Meyer & Virgilio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) sawahilensis De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F57EF53D-53E8-4EBF-A268-8FB819DBEEB4</p>
            <p>Fig. 4</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The name is considered as an adjective derived from a geographical name, the Arabic word ‘sawahil’ being the plural of ‘sahil’, which means border or coast and refers to the Swahili Coast, which was recognized as a historical cultural and geographic entity comprising the localities of Zanzibar and Mkuranga, where the type series was collected.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>  TANZANIA: Ƌ,  Mkuranga , Mwanambaya, 21 Jan. 2001, Z. Seguni (RMCA). </p>
            <p>Paratypes</p>
            <p>TANZANIA: 1 Ƌ, same date and locality as holotype; 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Zanzibar, 7 Feb. 2000, Z. Seguni (1 ♀ barcoded, see Table 1; Supplementary file), (RMCA); 1 Ƌ (Fig. 4f), Magombero Forest, 14–15 Sep. 2009, T. Pape &amp; S.A. Marshall (ZMUC).</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 5.01 (4.80–5.28); wing length: 5.04 (4.80–5.20) mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD (Fig. 4a). Antenna yellow-orange, first flagellomere in lateral view 3 times as long as wide, obtuse or with short acute tip dorsoapically. Arista medium pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most 3 times width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta at least 4 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view; yellow-white, in between frontal setae more yellowish. Genal seta and genal setulae dark brown to reddish-pale. Face and occiput yellowish-white, latter slightly darker dorsally.</p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 4 b–c). Postpronotal lobe white, without black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground colour shining yellow-brown to brown, sometimes with more orange tinge, with greyish pilosity and microtrichosity; with slightly darker streaks but no distinct black spots, except paired prescutellar spot extending anteriorly to dorsocentral seta, posteriorly with paired white to yellow prescutellar semi-circular marking, separated by yellowish-white area in between; at mesal end of transverse suture with shining brownish to blackish spot. Setae black. Pleura yellow to brownishyellow. Anepisternum dorsal half white, ventral half yellow; completely covered with pale pilosity, one anepisternal seta. Anatergite and katatergite white. Scutellum yellowish-white to white, sometimes with yellowish tinge; apical margin with three separate black spots, extending to level of basal scutellar setae; with distinct brown-black spots basally, sometimes less pronounced and only darker yellowbrown colour. Subscutellum black.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Slender; yellow; with dispersed mixed pale and dark pilosity. Forefemur ventral spine-like setae black along distal 0.50, basally more pale.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 4e). Markings yellow to yellow-brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band, discal band and posterior apical band present, latter sometimes only as a trace; anterior apical band touching discal band; subapical band and posterior apical band isolated. Cross-vein R-M situated at or basal to midlength of anterior margin of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 4d). Ground colour yellow. Tergites 2 and 4 more greyish along posterior half; tergites 3 and 5 with, respectively, posterior and anterior margin narrowly more darkly yellow. With mixed pale and dark pilosity.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>As male. Oviscape shorter than preabdomen. Aculeus (Fig. 4 g–h) about 8–9 times longer than wide; apical part sinuous, tip blunt and with distinct indentation.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Tanzania.</p>
            <p>Host plants</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> The relationship of  C. sawahilensis sp. nov. to any of the other described  Ceratitis species is not easily established. Although there is a slight partial darkening of the abdominal tergites 3 and 5, the male legs are without modifications. The neighbor-joining tree (Supplementary file) does not place it in any resolved cluster. We tentatively place it in the subgenus  Ceratalaspis pending further clarifications on its subgeneric position. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFFEAB240CFC9CD5FE2CF879	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
9A23879CFFFDAB3B0CE2996FFE02FD31.text	9A23879CFFFDAB3B0CE2996FFE02FD31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) flavipennata De Meyer & Virgilio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Ceratalaspis) flavipennata De Meyer &amp; Virgilio sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72C8DD57-0FD1-4B48-96FA-881BFDDBA205</p>
            <p>Fig. 5</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>After the Latin ‘ flavus’ meaning yellow and ‘ pennatus ’ meaning feathered, and referring to the yellow feathering on the midtibia. The species name should be treated as an adjective.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p>  KENYA: Ƌ,  Karura Forest , 11 Aug. 2006, N. Erbout (RMCA). </p>
            <p>Paratype</p>
            <p>KENYA: 1 Ƌ, same locality and data as holotype (barcoded, see Table 1; Supplementary file).</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>BODY LENGTH. 4.08 (3.92–4.16) mm; wing length: 4.88 (4.80–4.96) mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD (Fig. 5a). Antenna yellow, first flagellomere in lateral view 3 times as long as wide, obtuse apically. Arista short to medium pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most twice width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and subequal in length to, anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta about 3 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons convex, not protruding in lateral view; yellow. Genal seta and genal setulae pale to dark orange. Face yellow-white, occiput yellow.</p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 5 b–c). Postpronotal lobe yellow-orange, slightly paler than scutum; without distinct black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta but with darker irregular marking near seta. Scutum ground colour shining orange to orange-brown, with pale pilosity/microtrichosity; with distinct small black spot near mesal end of transverse suture; otherwise no distinct black marking on central part of scutum; paired separate prescutellar semi-circular white markings posterior of prescutellar acrostichal seta. Setae black, except scapulars red brown. Pleura yellow-orange to yellow-brown. Anepisternum dorsal margin narrowly white, ventral third to half more brownish; one anepisternal seta. Anatergite yellow-white, with irregular black marking; katatergite yellow-white. Scutellum yellowish-white, apical margin with three separate black spots, extending anteriorly beyond basal scutellar seta; without distinct black spots basally, at most with slightly darker marking. Subscutellum yellow with three black spots of which the upper margin is confluent, thereby forming single black band.</p>
            <p>LEGS (Fig. 5e). Slender; yellow to yellow-orange; with dispersed yellow-orange pilosity. Forefemur with orange ventral spine-like setae, posterodorsally and posteriorly with several rows of longer yelloworange setae, producing bushy appearance. Midtibia with yellow-orange feathering dorsally along distal 0.45 and ventrally along distal 0.30.</p>
            <p>WING (Fig. 5f). Markings yellow to yellow-brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band, posterior apical band and discal band present; anterior apical band not touching discal band; subapical band touching discal band; posterior apical band touching anterior apical band. Cross-vein R-M situated just beyond midlength of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 5d). Ground colour yellow to orange, pale and brown setulae. Tergites 2 and 4 along posterior margin slightly more greyish.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Kenya.</p>
            <p>Host plants</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Ceratitis flavipennata sp. nov. resembles  Ceratitis neostictica De Meyer, 1998 in the pilosity of the forefemur and feathering on the midtibia. It can be differentiated from the latter by the differences in wing banding (posterior apical band touching anterior apical band in  flavipennata sp. nov. , separate in  neostictica ; subapical band touching discal band in  flavipennata sp. nov. , separate in  neostictica ) and the pattern of the scutum (extensive black markings in  neostictica , largely absent in  flavipennata sp. nov. ). Like  C. neostictica ,  C. flavipennata sp. nov. is placed in the subgenus  Ceratalaspis based on the colouration of the abdominal tergites (predominantly yellow to orange, no distinct black transverse bands). Based on its DNA barcode it does not cluster with any other species within the genus  Ceratitis (see Supplementary file). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFFDAB3B0CE2996FFE02FD31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
9A23879CFFE3AB390F739B60FDABFC11.text	9A23879CFFE3AB390F739B60FDABFC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratitis (Pardalaspis) serrata De Meyer 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratitis (Pardalaspis) serrata De Meyer, 1996</p>
            <p>Fig. 6</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>Holotype</p>
            <p> DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: ♀, Yangambi, 17 Nov. 1960, J.M. McGough (TAU).</p>
            <p>Non type material</p>
            <p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Masako, near Kisangani: 16 ƋƋ, 21 Mar. 2008; 11 ƋƋ, 28 Mar. 2008; 4 ƋƋ, 25 Apr. 2008; 5 ƋƋ, 4 Apr. 2008; 1 Ƌ, 2 May 2008, all methyl eugenol trap, J.-L. Juakaly (RMCA); 1 ♀, Congo River Expedition, Bomane, 19–24 May 2010, cue lure trap, R. Emeleme &amp; M. Virgilio (RMCA).</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>HEAD (Fig. 6 a–b). Antenna orange. First flagellomere in lateral view 2–3 times as long as wide, obtuse apically. Arista short pubescent, ventral proximal rays at most equal to width of arista at base. Two frontal setae, thinner than, and equal in length, to anterior orbital seta; two orbital setae, anterior orbital longer than posterior one; ocellar seta 3–4 times as long as ocellar triangle; postocellar seta black, shorter than lateral vertical seta. Frons flattened, slightly protruding in lateral view, completely covered with silvery shine. Genal seta and setulae black. Face orange, occiput yellowish.</p>
            <p>THORAX (Fig. 6 c–d). Postpronotal lobe greyish to greyish-yellow, without black middle spot around base of postpronotal seta. Scutum ground color greyish-brown, sometimes with golden orange tinge; with streaks and darker markings but without distinct spots except for darkish spot around prescutellar acrostichal seta, and pale prescutellar semi-circular marking along posterior margin near prescutellar acrostichal seta. Setae black; setulae mainly pale; black setulae restricted to area at mesal end of tranverse suture extending posteriorly to prescutellar acrostical and dorsocentral setae. Anepisternum ventral half brownish, dorsal half more greyish, completely covered with black pilosity, except for horizontal stripe below dorsal margin with white pilosity; three anepisternal setae. Anatergite and katatergite brownish. Scutellum dark yellowish, apical margin with three separate black spots, anteriorly extending anteriorly beyond basal scutellar setae; with two large roundish black spots basally. Subscutellum black.</p>
            <p>LEGS. Slender; yellow-orange, midfemur more brownish; with dispersed and mainly black pilosity. Forefemur with ventral setae black.</p>
            <p>WING. Markings dark brown. Anterior apical band, subapical band and discal band present, posterior apical band absent; anterior apical band touching discal band; subapical band isolated. Cross-vein R-M situated at midlength of cell dm. Brown streaks and spots present in basal cells.</p>
            <p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 6e). Ground colour mainly greyish to pale orange; with darker spots on all tergites. With mixed pale and black pilosity.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>Congo (Democratic Republic).</p>
            <p>Host plants</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Ceratitis serrata was originally described from a female collected in Yangambi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Trapping with methyl eugenol at Masako (near Kisangani and approx. 100 km east of Yangambi) in 2008 collected male specimens that did not match any of the known species within the subgenus  Pardalaspis . Virgilio et al. (2011) reported a female specimen of  C. serrata from Bomane along the Congo River, further west of Yangambi. DNA barcoding revealed that the COI sequences obtained from the male specimen from Masako (series of 21.III.2008 AccessID 13954, AB33598909) and the female specimen from Bomane (AccessID 15755, AB40159308) differed by a p-distance of only 0.5% (see Table 1; Supplementary file) with a large barcoding gap (corresponding to 7% similarity) separating  C. serrata from the second closest match. It was therefore considered that the material from Masako represents the hitherto unknown male of  C. serrata . Male specimens of  C. serrata can be readily differentiated from other species within the subgenus  Pardalaspis by the combination of the following characters: frons completely silvery shining; face uniform orange coloured; anterior margin of scutum same colour as middle part; anepisternum largely covered with black pilosity, base of scutellum with a pair of distinct black spots. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A23879CFFE3AB390F739B60FDABFC11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Meyer, Marc De;Mwatawala, Maulid;Copeland, Robert S.;Virgilio, Massimiliano	Meyer, Marc De, Mwatawala, Maulid, Copeland, Robert S., Virgilio, Massimiliano (2016): Description of new Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Africa, or how morphological and DNA data are complementary in discovering unknown species and matching sexes. European Journal of Taxonomy 233: 1-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.233
