identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DDE1D775BA05ADCB1862C6D5BAF1F898.text	DDE1D775BA05ADCB1862C6D5BAF1F898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichoderma kunmingense Z. F. Yu & J. Y. Li	<div><p>Trichoderma kunmingense Z.F.Yu &amp; J.Y.Li sp. nov. Figure 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Latin, kunmingense, refers to the site in which this species was found.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Characterised by pyramidal fashion conidiophores, ampulliform to tapered phialides (6.0-9.0 × 2.5-4.5 µm), discrete branches and ovoid, occasionally ellipsoid, smooth-walled conidia (3.4-4.4 × 2.7-3.4 µm). Differs from T. asperellum by slightly shorter and sometimes more whorled phialides, mostly obovoid conidia. Differs from T. yunnanense by sparser branches and more whorled, smaller phialides and conidia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA. Kunming, Yunnan, 24°52'28"N, 102°49'34"E. 1929 m alt, in soil, Aug 2007, Y. Zhang (YMF 1.02659, holotype), Ex-type culture CBS 125635.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colony on CMD after 72 h radius 35-50 mm, mycelium covering the plate after 96 h at 25 °C, 55-59 mm at 30 °C and 41-46 mm at 35 °C after 72 h. Colony hyaline, margin distinctly noted. Aerial hyphae are indistinctly observed, radiate and sparse, white pustule formed from inner zone, asymmetrical to pulvinate, loosely arranged. Conidial production noted after 48 h. No diffusing pigment produced.</p><p>Mycelium covers plate after 72 h at 25 °C and 35 °C on PDA and radius 52-56 mm at 30 °C. Colony layered distinctly, margin conspicuous and radial. Aerial hyphae, hairy to floccose, dense internal zone, but relative sparse on margin, abundantly and flat in a large green disc around the inoculums, turning green after 24 h of conidiation.</p><p>Colony on SNA after 72 h radius 48-50 mm, mycelium covering the plate after 96 h at 25 °C, 53-56 mm at 35 °C and covering the plate at 30 °C after 72 h. Colony and pustules are similar to that on CMD, colony hyaline and smooth, the shape of pustules more regular, sometimes hemispherical, loosely distributed around the point of inoculation. Conidiophores well defined, branching 2-3 times in a pyramidal fashion, with the longest branches verticillate on the discrete main axis, the base 2.2 –3.9(– 4.4) μm wide, branched toward the tip, the distance between neighbouring second branches are 11.0-38.5 μm . Phialides arising generally 1-3 times repetition on each branches or in whorls of 3-5, ampulliform to tapered, slightly constricted at the base, often straight or less sinuous or curved toward apex of conidiophore, mostly (5.0-) 6.0 –9.0(– 10.0) × 2.5-4.5 µm, length/width ratio (1.3 –)1.4–3.4(– 3.6). Conidia obovoid, sometimes ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, both ends broadly rounded or at the base slightly narrower, 3.4-4.4 × 2.7-3.4 µm, length/width ratio (1.1 –)1.2– 1.6, pale green when viewed singly, usually greenish in mass.</p><p>Specimen examined. PR China, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 24°52'N, 102°49'E, elev. 1929 m, isolated from soil samples, Aug. 2007, by Y. Zhang (Holotype, YMF 1.02659; ex-type culture, YMF 1.026591, CBS 125635).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>In garden soil of Kunming city of southwest China.</p><p>Teleomorph.</p><p>Not known</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Trichoderma kunmingense can be distinguished from T. asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt and Nirenberg, by having more crowded branches and phialides. T. asperellum typically forms whorls of 2-4 phialides, whereas phialides of T. kunmingense sometimes attain 5 phialides. Although the phialides are ampulliform in both species, the phialides of T. asperellum are slightly longer (type strain: 7.2-11.5 µm) than those of T. kunmingense . Moreover, conidia of T. asperellum have inconspicuous and small ornamentation, but those of T. kunmingense are smooth and conidia are slightly longer (type strain: 3.5-4.5 × 2.7-4.0 µm) (Samuels et al. 1999, Samuels and Ismaiel 2010).</p><p>Trichoderma kunmingense and T. yunnanense Yu and Zhang are also closely related in the phylogenetic tree, but branches and phialides of T. yunnanense are more crowded than those of T. kunmingense . Phialides in T. yunnanense arising separately or more often paired with branches, rarely in whorls of 3 (Yu et al. 2007). Conidia of T. yunnanense (4.0-5.0 ×3.5– 4.0 µm) are also larger than those of T. kunmingense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDE1D775BA05ADCB1862C6D5BAF1F898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Qiao, Min;Du, Xing;Zhang, Zhe;Xu, JianPing;Yu, ZeFen	Qiao, Min, Du, Xing, Zhang, Zhe, Xu, JianPing, Yu, ZeFen (2018): Three new species of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma from southwest China. MycoKeys 44: 63-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295
9F60148C9A01D9E1031AA4A7EB08BD54.text	9F60148C9A01D9E1031AA4A7EB08BD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichoderma speciosum Z. F. Yu & X. Du	<div><p>Trichoderma speciosum Z.F. Yu &amp; X. Du sp. nov. Figure 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Latin, speciosum refers to showy and splendid colony on PDA.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Characterised by tree-like conidiophores, branches paired or in whorls of 3-4, spindly to fusiform phialides (5.0-10.0 × 2.0-3.0 μm), subglobose to globose conidia (3.7-4.9 × 3.1-3.8 μm). Differs from T. hispanicum by paired branches, whorled and thinner phialides, subglobose to globose conidia. Differs from T. samuelsii by paired and compact branches, subglobose to globose conidia and the character of pustules on SNA. Differs from T. junci by whorled, smaller phialides and subglobose to globose conidia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA. From soil of tobacco rhizosphere, Luliang, Yunnan Province, 24°57'22"N, 103°46'30"E, 1800 m alt., Jul 2007, Z.F. Yu (YMF 1.00205, holotype), Ex-type culture CGMCC 3.19079.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium covers plate after 72 h at 25 °C and 30 °C on CMD, no growth at 35 °C. Colony homogenous, pale yellowing, not zonate, outline circular. Aerial hyphae sparse, relatively abundant at margin, distinctly radial, arachnoid. Conidial production noted after 4 days.</p><p>On PDA, mycelium covers the plate after 72 h at 25 °C and 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C. Colony circular, typically zonate, yellow-green colony homogeneous distributed around the point of inoculation, forming a coarse circle. Whitish aerial hyphae distributed on the agar surface in external zone, hairy, dense and radial. Conidial production noted after 3 days.</p><p>On SNA after 72 h, colony radius 37-38 mm at 25 °C, mycelium covers the plate after 120 h, 56-59 mm at 30 °C after 72 h, no growth at 35 °C. Colony hyaline, thin, fan-shaped with indistinct outline. Aerial hyphae scarcely degenerating. Conidial production noted after 5 days, minute white pustules formed around central part of the colony, turning green after 6 days. Conidiophores tree-like, comprising a main axis with second branches, base 3.0-4.0 μm wide, second branches paired or in whorls of 3, sometimes second branches branched again, the distance between neighbouring second branches is (12.0-) 15.0-29.0 (-30.0) μm, main axis and branches terminating in whorls of up to five phialides. Conidiogenous cells phialides lageniform or ampulliform, arising singly or in 2-4; 5.0-10.0 × 2.0 –3.0(– 3.5) μm, length/width ratio 1.7-3.6 (-4.2), non-equilateral when curved. Conidia ovoid to short ellipsoidal, verrucose (3.6 –)3.7–4.9(– 5.0) × (3.0 –)3.1–3.8(– 4.2) μm, length/width ratio (1.0)1.1 –1.4(– 1.5).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>In soil from tobacco rhizosphere in part of cultivated land of south-western China.</p><p>Teleomorph.</p><p>Not known</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Trichoderma speciosum is phylogenetically most closed related to three species - T. hispanicum, T. samuelsii and T. junci (Jaklitsch et al. 2012; Jaklitsch 2011). The three species were isolated from ascospores and only T. speciosum was isolated from the anamorph. However, T. speciosum differs from these three species in having verrucose, subglobose to globose conida, while conidia of T. hispanicum and T. samuelsii are oblong and smooth and those of T. junci are ovoid to ellipsoidal with length/width ratio 1.3 –1.8(– 2.2).</p><p>In addition, side branches of T. hispanicum are often unpaired, phialides often singly, whereas branches of T. speciosum are generally paired or in whorls of 3-5. For T. samuelsii, branches are sparser and phialides with l/w of (1.7 –)2.5–4.6(– 7.1) are more slender than those of T. speciosum . Phialides of T. junci are also more slender than those of T. speciosum, which are narrowly lageniform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F60148C9A01D9E1031AA4A7EB08BD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Qiao, Min;Du, Xing;Zhang, Zhe;Xu, JianPing;Yu, ZeFen	Qiao, Min, Du, Xing, Zhang, Zhe, Xu, JianPing, Yu, ZeFen (2018): Three new species of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma from southwest China. MycoKeys 44: 63-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295
DA6E1A7ED15545FDFB141838BD7D2A61.text	DA6E1A7ED15545FDFB141838BD7D2A61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichoderma zeloharzianum Z. F. Yu & X. Du	<div><p>Trichoderma zeloharzianum Z.F. Yu &amp; X. Du sp. nov. Figure 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Greek zelo-, meaning emulation + harzianum, referred to Trichoderma harzianum</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Characterised by pyramidal conidiophores, verticillate branches, ampulliform to lageniform phialides (5.5-10.0 × 2.5-3.5 μm) and subglobose to globose, thin-walled conidia (2.7-3.1 × 2.4-2.6 μm). Differs from T. harzianum by verticillate branches, 3-6 whorled phialides on terminal of each branch and thinner conidia. Differs from T. lixii by verticillate and compact branches, more terminal phialides on main axis and smaller conidia. Differs from T. simmonsii by verticillate branches and longer conidia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA. Yunnan: Qujing City, Luliang county, 25°05'25"N, 103°56'42"E, 1800 m alt., in soil, Jul 2007, Z.F. Yu (YMF 1.00268, holotype), Ex-type culture CGMCC 3.19082.</p><p>Description.</p><p>On CMD after 72 h, colony radius 59-62 mm, mycelium covers the plate after 96 h at 25 °C; 43-45 mm at 30 °C and 46-52 mm at 35 °C after 72 h. Colony yellowing, margin distinct. Aerial hyphae fertile and conspicuous, hairy radial, distributed on surface, green conidial production noted after 4 days.</p><p>On PDA after 72 h, colony radius 57-58 mm, mycelium covers the plate after 96 h at 25 °C. Covering the plate at 30 °C and 38-42 mm at 35 °C after 72 h. Colony white, margin distinct. Aerial hyphae abundant, hairy to floccose, denser around central disc. Green conidiation noted after 3 days.</p><p>On SNA after 72 h, radius 59-65 mm, mycelium covers the plate after 144 h at 25 °C, 64-65 mm at 30 °C and 29-37 mm at 35 °C after 72 h. Aerial hyphae sparsely, slightly radial and conspicuous zonate. Conidiophores well defined, branching 2-3 times in a pyramidal fashion. Branches paired or a whorl of 3-4, the distance between neighbouring second branches is 16.0-39.0 μm, base 3.0-4.0 μm wide, each branch terminating in a whorl of 3-6 phialides, phialides ampulliform to lageniform, often verticillated up to 5 around the main axis near the apex, rarely singly arising, (4.5)5.5 –10.0(– 11.0) × 2.5 –3.5(– 4.0) μm, length/width ratio (1.4 –)1.8–3.4(– 3.6). Conidia smooth on surface, subglobose to globose, sometimes obovoid, (2.6-) 2.7 –3.1(– 3.2) × (2.3-) 2.4 –2.6(– 2.7) μm, length/width ratio (1.0 –)1.1–1.3(– 1.4).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>In soil from tobacco rhizosphere in part of cultivated land of south-western China.</p><p>Teleomorph.</p><p>Not known</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Trichoderma zeloharzianum forms a single branch with T. harzianum Rifai as sister clade. Morphologically, T. harzianum is similar to T. zeloharzianum in their shape of conidiophores and phialides, but the branches of T. harzianum are opposite of each other and each branch terminating in a whorl of 2-5 phialides (Chaverri et al.2015), while T. zeloharzianum is clearly distinguishable by having verticillated branches and 3-6 terminal whorled phialides. In addition, the conidia of T. harzianum are generally wider [(2.0−)2.5−3.0 (−3.7) μm] than those of T. zeloharzianum .</p><p>Trichoderma lixii differs from T. zeloharzianum also by having opposing pairs of branches and fewer terminal phialides (2-4) on main axis. Beyond that, closely spaced branches are common in T. lixii (Chaverri et al.2015), whereas for T. zeloharzianum, neighbouring branches are more compact and the conidia of T. lixii are usually larger [(2.5−)3.0−3.5 (−3.7) × (2.2−)2.5−3.2(−3.5) μm] than those of T. zeloharzianum .</p><p>Trichoderma simmonsii is also distinguished obviously from T. zeloharzianum, except their differences about opposing branches (Chaverri et al. 2015), the phialides are more stout and shorter ((4.2−)5.2−6.5 (−9.0) μm) than those of T. zeloharzianum . Furthermore, T. simmonsii is commonly constricted below the tip to form a narrow neck (Chaverri et al. 2015); however, this character is not found in T. zeloharzianum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA6E1A7ED15545FDFB141838BD7D2A61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Qiao, Min;Du, Xing;Zhang, Zhe;Xu, JianPing;Yu, ZeFen	Qiao, Min, Du, Xing, Zhang, Zhe, Xu, JianPing, Yu, ZeFen (2018): Three new species of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma from southwest China. MycoKeys 44: 63-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30295
