identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
947F1308FFC1FFC10655D21C18444950.text	947F1308FFC1FFC10655D21C18444950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceramothamnion codii GENETIC	<div><p>CERAMOTHAMNION CODII GENETIC ANALYSIS</p><p>The rbc L gene is the most commonly used marker within the Ceramiales (Cassano et al. 2019; Díaz-Tapia &amp; Verbruggen 2024), therefore obtaining an rbc L sequence from authentic material of Ceramothamnion codii made it possible to phylogenetically confirm the circumscription of Ceramothamnion . High-throughput sequencing of red algal type and other historically valuable herbarium specimens has been shown to be useful for resolving many systematic questions in the red algae (Hughey et al. 2014, Boo et al. 2016, Gabrielson et al. 2018, Hughey &amp; Miller 2021, Hughey et al. 2022). Although whole genome sequencing here was unable to decipher the complete organellar genomes as reported by the studies above, this analysis successfully generated a sufficient number of reads to assemble the standard phylogenetic genetic markers required to conclusively characterize the generic affinity of the 112 year-old topotype C. codii specimen from Bermuda. Although low standard bootstrap supports were observed for the rbc L, LSU and combined datasets, all three analyses positioned Ceramothamnion species together in a single clade. In addition, these analyses show that C. codii is placed in the same clade as the generitype of Stirkia, S. fujiiana, and therefore support the transfer of all Stirkia spp. to Ceramothamnion as proposed by Wynne &amp; Schneider (2023). Seo et al. (2023) resolved a fully supported Ceramothamnion clade in their maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Ceramiales based on nucleotide sequences of 23 protein-coding genes. In addition, our results indicate that the two publicly available sequences in GenBank from Hawai‘i deposited under the name Ceramium codii (collection number ARS03339, LSU and 23S plastid gene sequences) do not represent the same species as the type material from Bermuda. The genetic distances exhibited between the Hawai‘i and Bermuda specimens are higher than</p><p>FIG. 6. — Reconstructed phylogeny of the red algal tribe Ceramieae C.Agardh ex Greville based on concatenated rbc L, LSU and COI-5P gene sequences. Majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian analysis. Values at the nodes represent posterior probability and bootstrap values for ML, support lower than 0.90 (PP), 80 (Ultrafast Bootstrap) and 50 (BP) are not shown. *, full support. Sequences generated in this study are in bold and the topotype sequence is underlined. Abbreviation: UKOTs, United Kingdom Overseas Territories, United States.</p><p>typically observed in intraspecific pairwise comparisons. The Hawai‘ian specimen thus appears to represent an undescribed species of Ceramothamnion .</p><p>Three isotype specimens of Ceramothamnion codii P.B.-A. no. 845 are housed in the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium under numbers NY2348656, NY02116304, and NY02116306. Specimen NY2348656 contains a slide with filaments on it and an approximately 2.0 cm excised fragment of Codium with a scant amount of visible dark red Ceramothamnion filaments. This small Codium fragment is mounted on its own paper and has been removed with a razor blade and placed in an envelope on the herbarium sheet. The second specimen, NY02116304, also contains a slide with tufts on it (labeled 845a) and three small 0.5-1.0 cm sized Codium fragments with some visible Ceramothamnion filaments. This specimen too has been removed with a razor blade and placed in an envelope. The third specimen NY02116306, was selected as the lectotype of Ceramothamnion codii because it includes nine full-sized Codium thalli, all with numerous and conspicuous pinkish red C. codii filaments covering the fronds. In addition, the original drawings from the Algae of Bermuda (Collins &amp; Hervey 1917) are mounted adjacent to the envelope containing the nine specimens. Ceramothamnion codii no. 1899 is topotype material distributed in the P.B.-A., molecularly characterized here in this paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/947F1308FFC1FFC10655D21C18444950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Maggs, Maria Beatriz Barros-Barreto Jeffery R. Hughey Christine A.	Maggs, Maria Beatriz Barros-Barreto Jeffery R. Hughey Christine A. (2025): Genome sequencing of Phycotheca Boreali-Americana material of Ceramothamnion codii H. Richards confirms synonymy of Stirkia Barros-Barreto & Maggs with Ceramothamnion H. Richards. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (7): 89-113, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2025v46a7, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/algologie2025v46a7.pdf
947F1308FFCFFFC20655D27F1CA14DAE.text	947F1308FFCFFFC20655D27F1CA14DAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Codium Stackhouse 1797	<div><p>CODIUM GENETIC ANALYSIS</p><p>It was surprising to find Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot chloroplast DNA sequences amongst the Codium decorticatum genome reads from the two host plants on NHM sheet no. 1899. We are uncertain which thalli represent which species because the two fragments were combined into a single tube for the DNA extraction to maximize the number of Ceramothamnion codii sequences obtained from the WGS. What is further perplexing is that no sequences of Codium fragile from Bermuda are publicly available in GenBank, nor has the name been reported from Bermuda (Schneider 2003; Guiry &amp; Guiry 2024). It is possible that the Codium fragile from the topotype sheet of Ceramothamnion codii represents the invasive strain of the species, Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides (van Goor) P.C.Silva, because the partial rpl16-rps3 sequence we obtained excludes atlanticum subsp. (Cotton) P.C.Silva and the following haplotypes: Northeast Pacific, South Africa, New Zealand, Tasmania and Mexico as defined by Provan et al. (2008). The two haplotypes/subspecies that cannot be excluded based on the mutations recovered from the genomic data are subsp. tomentosoides and the China haplotype.</p><p>In summary, HTS of archival 1912 topotype material of C. codii generated an adequate number of endogenous reads to assemble standard genetic markers and thereby corroborate the taxonomic placement of C. codii in the genus Stirkia . The data was also able to confirm two host plant species, Codium fragile and Codium decorticatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/947F1308FFCFFFC20655D27F1CA14DAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Maggs, Maria Beatriz Barros-Barreto Jeffery R. Hughey Christine A.	Maggs, Maria Beatriz Barros-Barreto Jeffery R. Hughey Christine A. (2025): Genome sequencing of Phycotheca Boreali-Americana material of Ceramothamnion codii H. Richards confirms synonymy of Stirkia Barros-Barreto & Maggs with Ceramothamnion H. Richards. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (7): 89-113, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2025v46a7, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/algologie2025v46a7.pdf
