taxonID	type	description	language	source
8ABCFD3612EE498420C1368D734AC9C5.taxon	discussion	The family Amphiliidae includes about 66 species of generally small Afro-tropical catfishes, known commonly as mountain catfishes (Skelton 2001) or loach catfishes (Nelson 1994, 2006; Berra 2001). The species are distributed from the Senegal River in the West throughout coastal West Africa, West Central Africa, the Congo basin, the Nile and East African coastal rivers from the Webi-Shebeli to the Mkomaas River system in South Africa (Berra 2001, Leveque 1997, Skelton 2001). Diogo (2003) provides a recent review and analysis of the anatomy, phylogeny and taxonomy of the Amphiliidae indicating that there are at least three major lineages that warrant sub-familial status, viz., the Amphiliinae, the Leptoglanidinae, and the Doumeinae. Diogo’s (2003) account gives detailed character diagnoses of these sub-families. Amphiliids are small (the largest species reach to about 200 mm SL) benthic riverine catfishes with a wide range of body form from soft-bodied to slender, firm-bodied and highly streamlined forms, some with bony plates along the body. Amphiliid catfishes are poorly known from WCA where representatives of two sub-families, the Amphiliinae and the Doumeinae occur. The Amphiliinae are more generalized soft-bodied forms with two genera in the WCA region, Amphilius Guenther, and Paramphilius Pellegrin. Amphilius from the WCA include A. longirostris (Boulenger, 1901), A. pulcher Pellegrin, 1929, and A. nigricaudatus Pellegrin, 1909. Amphilius baudoni Pellegrin, 1928 was described from the region but is shown here to be a species of Paramphilius, a genus that includes three species from West Africa (Skelton et al., 2003) and Paramphilius goodi Harry, 1953 from WCA. Four new species of Amphilius are recognized and described in this paper. Doumeine amphiliids are mostly slender and streamlined, well adapted to living in fast flowing currents. Their axial skeleton is progressively modified in the different species forming, in most genera, linear series of bony ridges or ‘ plates’ along the body. Modified vertebrae are tightly inter-connected and bear stout bi-lateral dorsal and ventral flanges that, in genera other than Doumea Sauvage, expand distally to form linear series of bony plates exposed at the body surface. Two of the five doumeine genera, Doumea, and Phractura Boulenger, occur in the West Central African region. The known and described Doumea from the WCA include D. typica Sauvage, 1878 and D. thysi Skelton, 1989. An additional two species are described herein. Skelton (2007) recognizes four species of Phractura in the WCA region, namely P. brevicauda Boulenger, 1911, P. longicauda Boulenger, 1903, P. gladysae Pellegrin, 1931 and one new species as described herein.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
D6DA942DBBABBC8DCFB71B0B570210D7.taxon	diagnosis	Amphiliine catfishes are soft-bodied and without bony spines in the dorsal or pectoral fins. The simple lead rays of these fins are pectinate and covered by a pad that consists of microscopic unculi (Roberts, 1982) that enable the fish to maintain contact with the substrate in flowing water. The head is depressed and the eyes are dorsal. The mouth is broad and terminal with soft fleshy lips and the lower jaw with a band of fine caniniform teeth. There is a premaxillary tooth band also with fine caniniform teeth. There are three pairs of simple tapered, sometimes flagelliform, circum-oral barbels. Amphiliines inhabit rocky stretches of rivers and feed primarily on stream invertebrates taken from the substrate. The caudal peduncle is compressed and the tail fin often broad and paddle-like. The soft adipose fin is varied in shape from being low and extended to short and ovoid. The caudal fin provides a major character separating the more plesiomorph species with 8 + 9 principal caudal rays from the more derived species with fewer, usually only 6 + 7 principal caudal rays. Plesiomorph species are mostly from “ High Africa ” and the derived species from “ Low Africa ” as described by Roberts (1975).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
74D010CFDC79EEFB22591527C47FC028.taxon	diagnosis	The genus is diagnosed on derived musculo-skeletal characters by Diogo (2003). These features are (1) the anterior margin of the mesethmoid is bifurcated, (2) there is a prominent medial process on the postero-medial surface of the angulo-articular, (3) the presence of a muscle- 3 for the mandibular barbels, (4) the abductor profundus muscle is differentiated into a thick and a thin bundle with the thicker bundle situated anteriorly to the thinner. An additional derived feature is shared with other amphiliid genera, namely that the dorsal division of the arrector dorsalis muscle is constituted as a single mass of fibres situated on the ventral surface of the pectoral girdle.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
74D010CFDC79EEFB22591527C47FC028.taxon	discussion	Amphilius generally are small, soft-bodied catfishes found in rocky reaches of streams and rivers and are the least specialized members of this family. The head is depressed and soft skinned; the mouth terminal, broad with fleshy lips; and the villiform teeth are in bands along the upper and lower jaw. There are three pairs of simple barbels, a maxillary pair from the lateral corners of the mouth and two mandibular pairs on the ventral side of the lower jaw. The small eyes are without a free border, dorsal, widely spaced, and in the median third of the head. Anteriorly the body is moderately depressed becoming compressed posteriorly; the caudal peduncle is short, deep and compressed. The paired fins are large and fan-like with the first ray curved, pectinate and well padded. The dorsal fin is short-based, soft and flexible. There is a low, elongate or shorter, teardrop shaped adipose fin. Fin ray formulae are generally similar between the species and diagnostic features are more often found in terms of body proportions and features of the head. The species are variously cryptically patterned with bars, spots or marbling in shades of brown, black and cream. Sexual dimorphism is usually subtle, often only evident in mature and sexually active individuals. Seven species are recognized from the WCA region, four are new and described herein. Most have restricted distribution ranges and are uncommon in collections.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E993771A711B8425B0E1BA124707B4C7.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E993771A711B8425B0E1BA124707B4C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A combination of characters separate this species from other Amphilius. It is one of several Amphilius characterized by 6 + 7 principal caudal rays. This character separates it from several species with 8 + 9 rays found in East and southern Africa (Skelton 1984) and from A. longirostris (with 7 + 8 principal caudal rays) in the WCA. The position of the eyes is slightly closer the hind margin of the head than the tip of the snout, similar to A. pulcher but a feature that distinguishes it from other species in the region with 6 + 7 caudal rays. In the WCA A. dimonikensis is most similar to A. pulcher, from which it differs most markedly in colour pattern (a regular pattern of brown bands and lighter saddles versus an irregular pattern of striking dark brown or black patches for the latter), as well as in the size of the adipose fin (adipose length = 21 % SL vs. 34 % in A. pulcher). A. dimonikensis has fewer vertebrae (31 - 32 total vertebrae vs. 33 - 34) particularly fewer caudal vertebrae (17 - 18 vs. 19 - 20) than A. pulcher. It differs in pigment pattern from the species described below as Amphilius caudosignatus, Amphilius korupi, Amphilius mamonekenensis as well as from Amphilius nigricaudatus.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E993771A711B8425B0E1BA124707B4C7.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and fin ray counts given in Table 1. Body stout, depressed anteriorly, width tapering to a compressed caudal peduncle. Head length 3.5 - 3.9 times in SL. Head depressed and rounded anteriorly; branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft mid-ventrally; mouth broad, subterminal, lips thick and fleshy; premaxillary teeth caniniform in a medially broad and laterally tapered band and mandibular teeth caniniform in a narrow band; 3 pairs of filamentous barbels, maxillary barbels subequal to head length extending from the upper lips; mandibular barbels on ventral surface of mandible, inner positioned latero-medially behind anterior edge of jaw, outer mandibular pair postero-lateral to inner pair; snout moderately long, half of head length, nares in mid-snout, narrowly separated; eyes about midway or slightly nearer hind margin of head, moderate sized, closely spaced (interorbit 1.2 to 1.9 times orbit diameter), confluent with head (orbital margins attached). Caudal peduncle short (5.9 - 7.1 times in SL), slightly longer than deep (length 1.2 - 1.5 times depth). Fins well developed, dorsal base entirely in advance of pelvic fins, origin less than one head length behind head, rectangular with leading simple ray equal to length of leading edge; pectoral fins not reaching pelvic fins, rounded with leading ray curved, padded and pectinate, innermost (posterior) rays align against lateral body wall; pelvic fins broad, with padded pectinate leading ray, not reaching base of anal; anal fin short, not reaching base of caudal; caudal fin with simple epidermal fold over base of rays, hind edge emarginate, ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe; adipose fin well developed, rounded, base extends from before origin of anal to base of caudal procurrent ridge. Skin smooth, lateral line complete along midline to base of caudal fin. Anus positioned about one third of distance from base of pelvic fins to origin of anal fin. Size reached 55.6 mm SL. Coloration. Head and body dark brown with 4 - 5 light (creamish) saddle bands on dorsal surface, and a light (off-white) ventral surface from head to anal fin. Fins with brown rays; caudal fin with broad basal dark brown band and a distal dark brown band.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E993771A711B8425B0E1BA124707B4C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the Mpoulou River, a tributary of the Kouilou River within the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve, Mayombe, Republic of Congo (Fig. 3).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E993771A711B8425B0E1BA124707B4C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ‘ dimonikensis’ refers to the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve, Mayombe, Republic of Congo, from where this species is likely to be endemic.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BA0127AF9E0B166470965E9D11DAF545.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BA0127AF9E0B166470965E9D11DAF545.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species of Amphilius with 6 + 7 principal caudal fin rays and an unique coloration consisting of a distinct caudal fin colour pattern, which is dark brown with a white base and a broad oblique white band from mid-dorsal to post-ventral corner. This species appears to be confined to a narrow range in the Ogowe basin, and is most similar to A. nigricaudatus Pellegrin, which is widespread in the WCA region including the Ogowe River system. In addition to colour pattern it differs from A. pulcher and A. dimonika in the forward position of the eyes, i. e. its eyes are nearer the tip of the snout than the hind end of the head and vice versa in the latter species. It differs from A. korupi in having a more slender caudal peduncle (136 - 175 % CPL / CPD vs. 90 - 138 % CPL / CPD) and A. korupi is a larger species. However, A. caudosignatus may reach a larger size than available material indicates and so its small size may not necessary be characteristic. It has fewer caudal vertebrae than A. nigricaudatus (17 - 18 vs. 19 - 21) and hence fewer total vertebrae (31 - 32 vs. 32 - 34). Its distinctive caudal fin colour pattern is similar to another undescribed species collected from the Odzala National Park in the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) (John Friel, personal communication). That species however also has a different, distinctive colour pattern on the body.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BA0127AF9E0B166470965E9D11DAF545.taxon	description	Description. Proportional measurements and fin ray counts are given in Table 2. Body relatively short, slender, depressed anteriorly, width tapering to compressed caudal peduncle. Head smooth above, short, broad, and depressed with blunt (obtuse) anterior profile, head length 3.8 - 4.3 times in SL, branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft mid-ventrally; mouth sub-terminal, broad; lips thin; teeth numerous, small and caniniform on a square premaxillary pad and in a narrow band on anterior mandible; barbels filamentous, maxillary longest, extending from lateral end of upper lips and reaching to above base of pectoral fins; mandibular barbels reach to edge of branchiostegal membrane, anterior pair on ventral mandible lateral to symphysis, posterior pair on ventral mandible postero-lateral to anterior pair; snout shorter than post-orbit distance; nares in mid-snout, separated; eyes small, widely spaced (interorbit 2.8 - 3.3 times orbit diameter) positioned near middle of head, orbits without free border. Fins moderately large, origin of dorsal less than one head length behind head, ahead of origin of pelvic fins; dorsal base to above origin of pelvic fins; dorsal hind margin straight; pectoral fins rounded, leading ray slender, pectinate and padded, not reaching pelvic fins; pelvic fins rounded, leading ray slender, pectinate, padded, not reaching anal; anal short based and slender, not reaching caudal; caudal fin slender and emarginate or shallow forked, base with dark, semi-oval epidermal fold; adipose fin long, extending from behind pelvic base to procurrent ridge of caudal fin, gently curved. Skin smooth; lateral line with well spaced pores, complete, along mid-line to caudal base. Anus close to base of pelvic fins. Size reached 49.6 mm SL. Coloration. Dorsal and lateral surfaces dark brown, with scattered darker spots over head and body dorsum becoming less dense behind and below; a lighter, whitish saddle patch behind dorsal base, ventral surface before anal fin light cream, brown pigment extends across ano-genital region. Base of fin rays brown, membranes clear. Caudal fin distinctive with basal third and postero-dorsal lobe dark brown or black, separated by a oblique creamy white band extending from mid-dorsal to distal ventral lobe. The larger paratype (CU 82334) does not have a whitish saddle behind the dorsal base.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BA0127AF9E0B166470965E9D11DAF545.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South-eastern tributaries of the Ogowe River, Gabon (Fig. 3).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BA0127AF9E0B166470965E9D11DAF545.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Caudo - meaning tail, signatus - meaning striking, refers to the distinctive caudal colour pattern.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. MRAC 93 - 072 - P- 0768 - 0769, 2, SL 43.5 - 59 mm, Limbe River, Moussaka, CDC Camp, Limbe region, Cameroon, 04 ° 01 ' N, 09 ° 12 ' E, E. van den Bergh, 11 April 1993.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A. korupi differs from A. pulcher, A. dimonika and A. mamonekensis in colour pattern, especially the large dark brown or black spot with yellow surrounds on the caudal fin, in having the eyes nearer the tip of the snout, longer barbels, and in being a more deep bodied species with a shorter, deeper caudal peduncle. It is most similar to A. nigricaudatus from the WCA region and A. brevis from the Congo River system. It shares with both these species similar overall morphology including a short head, eyes closer to tip of snout than to hind margin of head, long slender barbels and an emarginate caudal fin with 6 + 7 Principal rays and a fleshy epidermal fold across the caudal base. It differs from A. brevis in the position of the dorsal fin that reaches to above but not beyond the origin of the pelvic fins (in A. brevis the dorsal base extends beyond the origin of the pelvic base), and from A. nigricaudatus in that the anal fin is closer to the caudal fin base. Two specimens from further south in Cameroon (see other material MRAC 93 - 072 - P- 0768 - 69) appear close to A. korupi, but differ from the others examined in being more heavily built, have an adipose fin that is long low and confluent, and have longer barbels.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and ray counts given in Table 3. Body stout and depressed anteriorly, caudal peduncle compressed. Head depressed, smooth above, broad and bluntly rounded in front, length 3.6 - 4.2 times in SL; branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft in ventral midline; mouth subterminal, broad, lips fleshy; teeth small, caniniform in square laterally tapered pad on premaxillae and narrow band on the mandible; barbels filamentous, maxillary longest, extending from lateral edge of upper lip to above pectoral base; mandibular barbels positioned laterally on ventral side of mandible, anterior pair medial but close to posterior pair, reach edge of branchiostegal membrane, posterior pair at lateral edge of mandible, reaching beyond branchiostegal membrane; snout relatively short, less than half length of head, nares on anterior half of snout, separated; eyes nearer tip of snout than posterior margin of head, small, widely spaced (interorbit 2.6 - 4 times orbit diameter), orbits confluent with head surface. Caudal peduncle short, 6.4 - 8.4 times in SL, relatively deep, 0.9 - 1.4 times longer than deep. Fins broad and well developed, origin of dorsal one head length behind head, dorsal base to above origin of pelvic base; dorsal obtusely rectangular with straight hind edge, leading ray shorter than leading edge of fin; pectoral fins broad and rounded, not reaching pelvic fins, leading ray pectinate and padded; pelvic fins not reaching base of anal, leading ray pectinate and padded; anal short and slender, extending to or close to base of caudal; caudal large and rectangular, trailing edge emarginate, caudal peduncle base with simple semi-oval epidermal fold; adipose fin low and elongate, or semi-elipsoid, base from before anal origin to behind anal base meeting procurrent ridge of caudal fin. Skin smooth; lateral line with irregular pores to base of caudal. Anus and genital pore close behind pelvic fin base. Reaches 65 mm SL. Coloration. Uniformly dark brown dorsally and laterally, fin rays dark brown, membranes clear. Ventral surface from head to anal fin light brown. Caudal fin with large medial black spot and cream-yellow bands along base and distal edge.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Coastal streams of north-western Cameroon including tributaries of the Cross, the Akpa-Korup and Ndian Rivers (Fig. 3).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
F36565891D3DA57E3EC1B58E7721E71D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the Korup National Park, Cameroon, where the species occurs.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
03727BAE41CF6C1A6D2C466D8B2CE53B.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
03727BAE41CF6C1A6D2C466D8B2CE53B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. An Amphilius species distinguished by its light body colour, clear large dark brown or black scattered spots and vermiculations and lightly pigmented caudal fin. The coloration and in particular the lack of a large dark spot on the caudal fin distinguishes the species from species most similar in body form, especially A. nigricaudatus, a species widespread within the WCA region, and also A. korupi. It differs from A. longirostris in the key character of caudal fin Principal rays (6 + 7 vs. 7 + 8) and head features such as the position of the eyes. It has a deeper caudal peduncle than A. caudosignatus and is further distinguished from that species by the caudal fin coloration (plain vs. dark with a white oblique bar). It differs from A. pulcher in pigment pattern, (spotted vs. striking dark brown blotches and saddles) and in having a smaller adipose fin (distinct gap between dorsal fin and origin of adipose vs. origin of adipose close to hind margin of dorsal fin).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
03727BAE41CF6C1A6D2C466D8B2CE53B.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and fin ray counts given in Table 4. Body depressed and ovoid in cross-section anteriorly, caudal peduncle compressed. Head length 3.8 - 4.25 times in SL, head longer than wide, depressed, flat below; branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft in midline; mouth broad, subterminal, lips fleshy, teeth caniniform in pad on premaxillae and narrow band on mandible; barbels filamentous, maxillary longest, reaches from lateral edge of upper lip to base of pectoral fins; mandibular barbels reach to edge of branchiostegal membrane, anterior pair on ventral side of mandible, medial to outer (posterior) pair that extend from lateral corner of mouth; snout less than half length of head, nares in mid snout, separated; eyes small, moderately widely spaced (interorbit 2.3 - 3.4 times orbit diameter), confluent with head (orbits without free margins), positioned slightly nearer anterior edge of snout than posterior margin of head. Caudal peduncle short, 5.9 - 6.8 times in SL, 1.2 - 1.5 times longer than deep. Fins well developed, origin of dorsal less than one head length behind head, dorsal fin base extends to above origin of pelvic fins, dorsal fin rectangular with straight hind edge, longest simple ray shorter than leading edge of fin; pectoral and pelvic fins about equal sized, large and rounded, with leading ray curved, pectinate and padded; pectoral fin not reaching pelvic fins, pelvic fins not reaching anal origin; anal fin short based and rounded, nearly reaching ventral base of caudal; caudal fin large, truncate or slightly emarginate, crenellated epidermal fold over base; adipose fin long, low, extending from before origin of anal to procurrent ridge of caudal. Skin smooth; lateral line to base of caudal. Anus and genital pore close behind pelvic fins. Reaches 71.5 mm SL. Coloration. Light brown with dark brown spots and vermiculated markings dorsally and laterally; intensity of spots varies individually, some specimens considerably more spotted than others; plain creamish ventrally from head to anal fin. Fins plain pale brown or clear with occasional spots, caudal fin light brown, with a feint mid-band or bar.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
03727BAE41CF6C1A6D2C466D8B2CE53B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper Mpoulou River, tributary of the Kouilou River within the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve, Republic of Congo (Fig. 3).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
03727BAE41CF6C1A6D2C466D8B2CE53B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Victor Mamonekene, one of the collectors of the type series of this species, and who has contributed much to understanding the fishes of the Republic of Congo in recent times.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
939D8420C5DAF0F09BA873CF2C24587F.taxon	diagnosis	Skelton (1989) redefined the genus Paramphilius emphasizing a highly modified head structure as the most obvious derived feature separating these fishes from other amphiliids. In Paramphilius the tiny eyes are displaced anteriorly on the head by the extreme development of the adductor mandibulae muscles which extend behind the orbits to insert onto the dorsal aspect of the neurocranium. In larger males of Paramphilus the adductor mandibulae are enlarged (hypertrophied) and cause the post-orbit region to bulge noticeably. Paramphilius are soft bodied and cylindrical in shape, the fins are short, rounded and relatively weak compared to other amphiliids. The predorsal length is extended so that the dorsal fin is displaced relatively far back from the head and is positioned above the pelvic fins. A low number of gill rakers (<5 on leading arch) is characteristic. The genus was originally defined by Pellegrin (1907) on having a long, low adipose fin confluent with the dorsal fold of the caudal fin. This character is however unreliable at the generic level as there are both Amphilius species with such a condition, and secondly that it is variable within a species (see Skelton, 1984). Within Paramphilius the character appears to be consistent within the species, but it is not within the genus (Skelton, 1989). The largest species in the genus is Paramphilius baudoni (see below) and only this species has a short notched adipose fin.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
939D8420C5DAF0F09BA873CF2C24587F.taxon	discussion	This review indicates that a single somewhat variable species occurs in West Central Africa and is represented in collections mostly by a species formerly known as Amphilius baudoni but also by the species Paramphilius goodi. A detailed comparison of the type specimens of A. baudoni with the holotype and one paratype of P. goodi (Table 5) indicates the close physical similarity of the specimens on which the decision to synonymize the nominal species rests. The main difference between the types is in the Principal Caudal fin rays of P. goodi (7 + 8 vs. 8 + 9 of A. baudoni). Although this character might indicate a taxonomic difference with only the type specimens of P. goodi available for examination, there is insufficient reason to avoid the synonymy at present. There are three Paramphilius species in the Upper Guinean region of West Africa, Paramphilius firestonei Schultz, 1941, Paramphilius teugelsi Skelton, 1989, and Paramphilius trichomycteroides Pellegrin, 1907 (Skelton et al., 2003). These species are all smaller sized species and differ in body proportions, especially depth, fin ray counts and the form of the adipose fin (short and notched posteriorly in A. baudoni vs. long, low and confluent with dorsal caudal fin fold in West African Paramphilius species).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
222ECF54D7447E3D10BE489F94159A0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. P. baudoni is the largest (attains 75 mm SL vs. 60 mm SL for any other species) and most deep bodied species (body depth 12 - 20.6 % SL vs> 20 % SL in other species) in the genus. It also differs from all other Paramphilius species in pigment pattern (striking dark marbel-patches vs. plain brown or few spots) and in having a short notched adipose fin vs. long low confluent with caudal fin fold in other species. It is most similar to P. teugelsi as both species have the dorsal fin origin in advance of the pelvic origin and have 8 + 9 Principal caudal rays. It differs from P. teugelsi in being larger (max SL 75 mm vs. 51 mm), in having a short adipose fin (vs. long and confluent with caudal), and in its usually very striking colour pattern of brown spots and vermiculations on a light cream background (P. teugelsi is plain dark brown). It differs from Paramphilius trichomycteroides in the position of the dorsal fin (P. baudoni dorsal origin in advance of pelvic origin vs. P. trichomycteroides origin over the origin of pelvic fins), and in the number of Principal caudal fin rays (8 + 9 vs. 7 + 8 P. trichomycteroides). It differs from Paramphilius firestonei in having a stouter body (body depth 5.8 - 6.9 times in length vs. more than 8 times in the latter species), the positions of the dorsal fin (in the latter species the dorsal origin is behind the origin of the pelvic fins), and Principal caudal fin rays (8 + 9 vs. 6 + 7 P. firestonei).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
222ECF54D7447E3D10BE489F94159A0C.taxon	description	Description. Proportional measurements and fin ray counts given in Table 6. Body long, cylindrical shaped, moderately compressed posteriorly, soft and fleshy, predorsal extended with dorsal fin in mid-body. Head length 4 - 5 times in SL, head stocky, rounded anteriorly, flat below, round above; snout short, eyes far forward, tiny and widely separated (interorbit 5 - 8 times orbit diameter), confluent with head surface; postorbit large, prominent and bulging in larger males; mouth sub-terminal, broad, lips fleshy; teeth caniniform on premaxillae pad and in band along mandible; barbels long, slender and filamentous, maxillaries from lateral edge of upper lip reaching beyond head and pectoral base; outer mandibulars extending from lateral corner of mouth reaching beyond head, inner (anterior) mandibulars from ventral surface of mandible, medial to base of outer mandibulars, reaching beyond edge of branchiostegal membrane; branchiostegal membrane deeply cleft in mid-ventral line. Caudal peduncle short, deep. Fins generally small, short, soft and rounded; origin of dorsal in advance of pelvic fins, dorsal base extends above pelvic base; pectoral fins short, rounded, leading ray soft, weakly pectinate and padded; pelvic fins below mid-dorsal, short, rounded, not reaching anal, lead ray weakly pectinate and padded; anal short, round, not reaching caudal base; caudal fin broad and rounded, trailing edge truncate, without epidermal fold across base; adipose fin short, notched behind, positioned above and behind posterior half of anal base, reaching procurrent caudal ridge. Skin smooth and soft, lateral line continuous or interrupted to opposite anal fin and an interrupted series of pores to base of caudal. Anus and genital pore close to base of pelvic fins. Reaches 74.8 mm SL. Coloration. Variable, usually markedly variegated, speckled or spotted or vermiculated in dark brown and cream or near white background, also spots can be obscured by darker brown pigment above and light brown-cream below on head and anterior body, caudal fin spotted, other fins with brown bars on rays and occasionally no spots or brown pigment. A plain dark brown form is reported from the WCA but this was difficult to ascertain in older museum samples (see Pellegrin 1930).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
222ECF54D7447E3D10BE489F94159A0C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Scattered records from the Kouilou, Ogowe and Lokoundje Rivers in the Republic of Congo, Gabon and Cameroon respectively (Fig. 8). Also in Sangha-Congo River system.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
222ECF54D7447E3D10BE489F94159A0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species was named for the French colonial administrator, Mr. A. Baudon, who collected the original type material.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
063E4B0240CC0AAF85DEFFB1860E1AE9.taxon	discussion	Doumea species are firm-bodied, streamlined and tapered, with pointed heads, long, slender depressed caudal peduncles, and the fins large and falcate. The vertebrae show varying degree of development of expanded bony flanges but, unlike other doumeine genera, these do not form perpendicular bony plates at the body surface. However in some species the flange-like neural and haemal vertebral spines do reach the body surface to form median bony ridges and the caudal peduncle is rigid and hard-surfaced. The mouth is generally small with thick papillose lips and tapered papillose barbels. The teeth are either minute, vestigial or absent. Two species are described from the WCA region (Doumea typica Sauvage, 1878 and D. thysi Skelton, 1989) and two new species from Cameroon are recognized here and described below.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
C18B7865988F64825FBD81F9DE9C663F.taxon	diagnosis	Doumein fishes are adapted for living in flowing waters through attenuation and structural modification of the axial skeleton. The vertebrae are firmly interconnected and develop expanded neural and haemal spines and bi-lateral dorso- and ventro-lateral flanges. In Phractura and other genera, these vertebral extensions are expanded and form bony plates at the body surface, and these plates interlock to form armoured ridges. The caudal peduncle is slender and bony. The mouth is reduced in size and ovoid, with papillose lips and a firm medial triangular pad separating the lips of the lower jaws. The barbels are usually short, tapered and papillose. The branchiostegal membrane is united across the ventral surface. Doumeine amphiliids are characteristic of ‘ low Africa’ as defined by Roberts (1975), with two genera and seven species in the West Central African region, three of these are new.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
44C888E601ACA977D09F6F90AF6CFAF7.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
44C888E601ACA977D09F6F90AF6CFAF7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Of the species from WCA D. gracila is most and closely similar to D. typica but differs in proportions of caudal peduncle; caudal peduncle length 2.9 - 3.2 times in SL, (3 - 4 times in SL for D. typica) caudal peduncle length 12.4 - 16.9 times depth (8 - 12 times for D. typica); and in having smaller, wider spaced eyes. D. gracila is distinguished from D. thysi in the proportions of the caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 2.9 - 3.2 times in SL vs. more than 4.5 times for D. thysi). It also differs in coloration from that species (dark brown or blackish with light saddles vs. brown with light stripe along lateral line for D. thysi). It differs from D. sanaga sp. nov. in the length of the caudal peduncle (D. gracila caudal in SL 2.9 - 3.2 vs. 3.4 - 3.6 D. sanaga) and in position of the dorsal fin: D. sanaga the dorsal fin is displaced further posteriorly so that there is a distinct ‘ gap’ between the supraoccipital process and the nuchal shield of the dorsal fin, the spine of the nuchal shield meets with at least the second vertebrae behind the Weberian complex (in D. gracila and D. typica the gap is narrow and the spine of the nuchal shield intercepts the first vertebrae behind the Weberian complex). As far as is known D. gracila (max. SL 141 mm) is considerably larger than either D. thysi (max. SL 65.5 mm) or D. sanaga (max. SL 80 mm). Doumea alula Nichols & Griscom, a species from the Congo River basin, has a shorter, deeper caudal peduncle.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
44C888E601ACA977D09F6F90AF6CFAF7.taxon	description	Description. Proportional measures and fin ray counts are given in Table 7. Body firm, slender, depressed anteriorly, strongly tapered to caudal base; bony ridge behind dorsal fin to adipose fin; thin mid-dorsal, midventral and bi-latero-ventral bony ridges along caudal peduncle. Head slender and pointed, 5.4 - 6.2 times in SL, flat below, smooth and rounded above, snout long 2 / 3 head length, nares in mid snout, slightly nearer to eyes than to anterior tip; mouth small, oval shaped, subterminal to ventral in position, lips above fleshy, papillose, lower lips divided by firm triangular pad; teeth not detected on premaxillary toothpad or median pad on mandible; barbels short, tapered and papillose, maxillaries extend from lateral edge of upper lip, not reaching to below orbits; outer pair of mandibular barbels extend from lateral corner of mouth, reach about 2 / 3 distance to edge of branchiostegal membrane, inner mandibular barbels extend from edge of mandibular toothpad, postero-medially to lateral pair, short, less than half the distance to the edge of the branchiostegal membrane; eyes small, on posterior third of head, widely separated (interorbit 1.7 - 2.4 times orbit diameter), orbits bony above; supraoccipital process slender, about half length of snout, nearly reaching nuchal shield; humeral process short, obscured. Branchiostegal membrane united, straight or slightly concave edge, covered with radiating unculi. Predorsal length one third of SL. Caudal peduncle long (length 2.9 - 3.6 times in SL), slender (length 9.3 - 16.9 times depth), depressed. Fins large, pointed and falcate; origin of dorsal less than one head length behind head; dorsal fin pointed, leading ray slender and stiff, hind edge straight to shallow concave in larger adults; pectoral fins large, falcate, not reaching base of pelvic fins, leading ray curved, pectinate, padded, outer rays lie horizontal, inner rays inclined dorsally; origin of pelvic fins behind base of dorsal fin, pelvic fins falcate, reaching beyond origin of anal fin base, leading ray curved, pectinate and padded; anal fin with straight hind edge, not reaching caudal fin base; caudal with compact base, deeply forked with pointed lobes, ventral lobe longer than dorsal; adipose fin short, triangular, placed over posterior anal base. Ano-genital openings placed about midway between pelvic and anal fin base, males with short conical genital papillae. Lateral line visible as thin white line in preserved specimens, complete to base of caudal, with short branches to pores above and below main stem. Reaches 141 mm SL. Coloration. Countershaded, dark grey to black or brown above, light creamy brown below from snout to anal fin, some sooty pigment to caudal; boundary between dorsal and ventral sections sharply demarcated along body below lateral line, dark patches above pelvic bases, 3 - 6 light patches or saddles on dorsal surface from behind head to caudal, head above dark grey, black or brown with light brown patches over gill covers and behind eyes, dark pre-orbital stripes sometimes evident. Fins with grey-black rays, paired fins grey-black above with light medial section, outer rays of caudal dark grey-black. Lateral line a thin white branched line along mid-flanks.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
44C888E601ACA977D09F6F90AF6CFAF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nyong to Ntem Rivers, in southern Cameroon (Fig. 10).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
44C888E601ACA977D09F6F90AF6CFAF7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin ‘ gracilus’ meaning graceful and slender. A noun in apposition.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BF305CA5C27B8E567919934D2C9F3AAE.taxon	description	(Fig. 11)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BF305CA5C27B8E567919934D2C9F3AAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. D. sanaga is a relatively small species of Doumea (maximum size recorded is SL 79.6 mm) with a relatively long, (3.4 - 3.6 times in SL), slender (depth into length 9 - 11.5 times) caudal peduncle. The species is most similar to D. typica and D. gracila but differs from both these species in several features including: the shape of the head, which has a broad round snout and anterior profile vs. a triangular and pointed profile in D. typica and D. gracila; the edge of the branchiostegal membrane forms a distinct shallow ‘ V across the ventral surface vs. a straight or nearly straight edge in D. typica and D. gracila; the leading dorsal (nuchal) pterygiophore intercepting at least the second or third post Weberian vertebra vs. in D. typica and D. gracila the dorsal leading pterygiophore intercepts the first post-Weberian vertebra; in the relative position of the pelvic fins, the origin of the pelvic fins is beneath the base of the dorsal fin vs. behind the base of the dorsal in D. typica and D. gracila. It differs from D. gracila sp. nov. in the length of the caudal peduncle (D. gracila caudal peduncle in SL 2.9 - 3.2 vs. 3.4 - 3.6 D. sanaga). It differs from D. thysi in the length and depth of the caudal peduncle (28 - 30 % SL vs. in D. thysi the caudal peduncle is short 20 % SL, and stout, 9 - 11 times long as deep vs. 2.5 - 4.0 times long as deep in D. thysi), as well as in color pattern (D. sanaga has a series of light saddles that are not characteristic of D. thysi, and the latter has a distinctly demarcated white band along the lateral line that is not characteristic of D. sanaga).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BF305CA5C27B8E567919934D2C9F3AAE.taxon	description	Description. Measurements and fin ray counts given in Table 8. Body firm, slender, moderately depressed, strongly tapered to caudal base, with a mid dorsal ridge from dorsal to adipose, and thin bi-lateral ridges along caudal peduncle. Skin is smooth or in larger individuals the head and upper body is covered with short vermiculate white unculi. Head short 4.8 - 5.5 times in SL, obtusely pointed, flat below, rounded above; snout longer than postorbit, 1.5 - 1.9 times in head length; nares separated, on anterior half of snout; mouth ovoid, ventral, upper lips fleshy and papillose, lower lip divided by medial triangular pad; barbels short, tapered, papillose, maxillaries longest less than 2 / 3 head length, extend from lateral edge of upper lip not reaching edge of branchiostegal membrane; outer mandibular barbels from lateral corner of mouth to about 2 / 3 distance to edge of branchiostegal membrane; inner mandibular barbels from medial position on ventral side of mandible separated by medial mandibular pad, reaching less than halfway to edge of branchiostegal membrane; eyes small, orbits bony, widely separated by distance 1.9 - 2.4 times orbit diameter; supraoccipital process slender, half length of snout, separated from nuchal shield by gap; obscure short humeral process above gill openings; branchiostegal membrane united ventrally, margin with shallow medial notch. Caudal peduncle long, 3.4 - 3.6 times in SL, slender, length 8.7 - 11.1 times depth, and bony. Fins large and pointed; origin of dorsal less than one head length behind head, dorsal entirely in advance of pelvic fins, dorsal fin pointed with concave hind margin; pectoral fins falcate, not reaching bases of pelvic fins, leading ray curved, pectinate and padded, outer rays lie horizontal, inner rays vertical against body; origin of pelvic fins beneath posterior edge of dorsal base, pelvic fins falcate, reaching base of anal fin, leading ray curved, pectinate and padded; anal fin large, trailing edge straight; caudal fin with compact base, forked with ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal; adipose fin triangulate, positioned over posterior base of anal. Ano-genital pores placed midway between bases of pelvic fins and origin of anal fin, males with conical genital papillae. Skin smooth or rugose with small white unculi on predorsal and dorsal surface of head in larger specimens. Lateral line complete, with short dorsal and ventral branches to pores along its length, visible as a thin white line in preserved specimens. Reaches 80 mm SL. Coloration. Dark brown above, light cream below, flanks light brown, lateral line highlighted in cream, head with dark pre-orbital stripes and light patches above, a series of 5 - 6 lighter saddles along back, dark brown patches above pelvic fin bases, fins with brown rays and dark mid-distal band, outer rays of caudal brown. Lateral line visible as thin white line along mid-flanks.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BF305CA5C27B8E567919934D2C9F3AAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Upper reaches of the Sanaga River, in Cameroon (Fig. 10).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
BF305CA5C27B8E567919934D2C9F3AAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From ‘ Sanaga’ the name of the river system where the species occurs. Used as a noun in apposition.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
E3E0542248D9AE7D2D6D75346A9EA571.taxon	discussion	Phractura are slender, firm-bodied doumeine catfishes with bilateral ridges of bony platelets or scutes formed by expansions of vertebral flanges, along the body. Trachyglanis and Belonoglanis are other doumeine genera with similar ridges of bony plates but these genera have a series over the lateral abdomen in advance of the pelvic fins; Phractura does not have a series over the abdomen before the pelvic fins. In Doumea there are no series of bony scutes on the surface of the body. The head of Phractura species is usually short with bony ridges and the caudal peduncle is long, slender and bony. Three described species are recognized from WCA (P. brevicauda, P. longicauda and P. gladysae) and one species from the Nyanga River in Gabon, is described below as new.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
198023384D081D810C7F7C80F258B67B.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
198023384D081D810C7F7C80F258B67B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Phractura diagnosed by the possession of a well developed pair of neural spines on the first and second post-Weberian vertebrae, that reach the body surface in the space between the supraoccipital process and the nuchal shield of the dorsal fin. Phractura stiassny differs from P. brevicauda in the length of the caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 2.6 times in SL vs. 3 - 4.2 times in SL), in having a pointed snout vs. rounded snout, larger and closer eyes (interorbit separated by one orbit diameter vs. two orbit diameter), longer, more slender barbels (reach beyond branchiostegal border vs. short not reaching near edge of branchiostegal border) and a more slender obscure supraoccipital process vs. broad prominent supraoccipital process in P. brevicauda. This species is similar to P. longicauda and to P. gladysae in having a long slender caudal peduncle but both the latter species have the supraoccipital process and nuchal shield in contact and without intermediate neural spines. P. stiassny has a large Doumea-like head with smooth skin, whereas P. brevicauda and P. longicauda have bony heads with ridges and a relatively shorter snout and smaller more widely separated eyes. P. stiassny is similar in size and some head features to P. gladysae, it differs from the latter in the length of the barbels (P. stiassny maxillary barbels reach beyond branchiostegal membrane vs. does not reach the edge of the branchiostegal membrane in P. gladysae). However both species are uncommon and known only from few museum specimens.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
198023384D081D810C7F7C80F258B67B.taxon	description	Description. Proportional measures and fin ray counts given in Table 9. Body firm, depressed and tapered to a long, slender (depth 28 times in length) caudal peduncle (2.6 times in SL); two pre-dorsal bony scutes, dorsal and ventral bilateral series of thin scutes from adjacent to dorsal fin and behind the pelvic fins respectively, caudal peduncle encased in bony scutes. Head length 5.8 times in SL, head depressed, obtusely pointed, smooth-skinned; snout long, two thirds of head length, nares separated in mid snout; eyes moderately large (orbit 20 % HL), narrowly separated by one orbit diameter; mouth subterminal, small, oval shaped, upper lip with small papillae, lower lips smooth, divided by triangular pad; barbels slender, relatively long, papillose, maxillary 0.75 length of head, extends from lateral edge of upper lip, reaching beyond edge of branchiostegal membrane; outer mandibular barbels extend from lateral corner of mouth, reach edge of branchiostegal membrane, inner mandibular barbels on ventral mandible, medial to outer mandibular barbels and separated by medial triangular mandibular pad, not reaching edge of branchiostegal membrane; branchiostegal membrane ventrally undivided, emarginate; supraoccipital process slender, inconspicuous, separated from nuchal shield by space with 2 small bony scutes; humeral process slender, inconspicuous. Fins large, origin of dorsal fin less than one HL behind head; dorsal fin tall, pointed, trailing edge concave; pectoral fins falcate, not reaching pelvic fins, leading ray curved, pectinate, padded; origin of pelvic fins beneath posterior edge of dorsal base, pelvic fins large, falcate, reaching beyond origin of anal fin, leading ray pectinate, padded; anal fin slender, pointed; caudal small, shallow forked; adipose small, behind anal base. Ano-genital pores slightly nearer pelvic bases than origin of anal. Skin smooth, lateral line complete. Reaches 115 mm SL. Coloration. Greyish-brown above with irregular dark brown and black spots and larger blotches, ventral parts from head to caudal fin cream; head plain grey above; paired fins with sooty band across mid reaches, median fins with distal sooty patches.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
198023384D081D810C7F7C80F258B67B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from a single specimen taken from the Nyanga River, Tchibanga, Gabon (Fig. 10).	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
198023384D081D810C7F7C80F258B67B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ‘ stiassny ’ is used as a noun in apposition. Named for Dr. Melanie Stiassny, Curatrix of Ichthyology at the AMNH in New York, for her contributions to African ichthyology and in appreciation for the support given the author to carry out this study. Dr. Stiassny is the lead editor of the synthesis volume on the fresh and brackish water fishes of the West Central Africa.	en	Paul H. Skelton (2007): New species of the amphiliid catfish genera Amphilius, Doumea and Phractura and the taxonomy of Paramphilius from West Central Africa (Siluriformes, Amphiliidae). Zootaxa 1578: 41-68, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91D85038-3B5D-4493-AE8C-6D2ECA205CAA
