identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
960F87AAFFADFFC589B8FA2CE3C784DB.text	960F87AAFFADFFC589B8FA2CE3C784DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis Lapischies & Forero & Barcellos & Salomão 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis Lapischies &amp; Forero sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–10, 13–15)</p>
            <p> Type material.  Holotype . ♂. BRAZIL. Brejo Santo, Ceará [CE]. Açude Atalho—PMN11 (7°38'41.4"S 38°52'18.8"W)  ; Col. Ativa 30/III/2015; R. P. Salomão leg. (MCNZ 182464) .   Paratypes: same data as the holotype: 1 ♂ (MCNZ 182465) and 3 ♀ (MCNZ 182466, 182467, 182468); 2 ♀ (UNIVASF); 3 ♀ and 2 ♂,  Salgueiro , Pernambuco [PE]; PMN08  ;  Col. Ativa 30/III/2015; F. C. Costa leg. (specimens preserved in alcohol, MCNZ number 182469) . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. General coloration reddish with black markings. Body covered with short, erect, stiff setae, except on membrane of hemelytra. Hemelytra black, except base and distal third of corium and base of clavus which are reddish. Labium yellow; coxae reddish; trochanters darkened; femora black, each with a subapical yellowish broad ring with a very narrow, brown annulation; tibiae black with apical and subapical yellowish annuli. Connexivum visible in dorsal view.</p>
            <p>Description. Male: Total length 12–14 mm.</p>
            <p>Head. Length 2.92 mm. Dorsal color black, with yellow marks: a dot between ocelli continued posteriorly by a mid-longitudinal stripe; paired spots on interocular area and one lateral stripe from eye up to middle of posterior lobe. Ventral surface yellow. Antenniferous tubercle with small protuberance. Antennal segments black; first segment with a very faint, narrow, yellow annulus at basal third, subapically on distal third with a broad yellow annulus; small protuberance basally on first segment; fourth segment paler than remaining. Antennal segments: 6; 2.5; 3.6; 2. Interocular area elevated; transverse sulcus deep. Postocular lobe 0.75 times as long as anterior lobe. Ocelli elevated. Labial segments yellowish, blotched with dark brown. First visible labial segment reaching posterior margin of eye; second segment slightly curved.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum length 3.0 mm, anterior lobe about half of pronotum length. Anterior width 1.98 mm, posterior width 3.96 mm. Surface reddish, entirely covered with short, erect, stiff setae. Anterior pronotal lobe with paired protuberances on disc; medial longitudinal sulcus deeply impressed, not continuing into posterior lobe; anterior angles produced anteriorly as a tit-like projection. Humeral angles rounded and elevated. Posterior lobe slightly depressed medially. Scutellum reddish along basal and lateral margins; in middle, basally blackish with a yellow V-like central elevation, becoming lighter toward apex, which is almost white. Two dark stripes parallel to prosternal sulcus, almost reaching anterior margin of procoxal cavity. Legs black; femora each with a yellowish broad ring with a central very narrow brown annulation; forefemur thicker than mesofemur, and both thicker than metafemur. Tibiae with apical and subapical narrow yellowish annuli. Forewings reaching apex of abdomen; hemelytron shiny black, covered with small setae; corium basally, and apically on area from anterior region of quadrate cell to costal vein reddish; clavus on basal half reddish.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Venter mostly reddish, with whitish lateral dots, anterior margin of sternites V–VII darkened on dorsal half. Connexivum dorsally visible, segments on anterior half with black marks at anterolateral external angle, posterior half of each segment pale, posterolateral angle of each segment protruding.</p>
            <p> Genitalia. Pygophore ovoid in lateral view, subquadrate in dorsal view (Figs 4–5); medial process of pygophore directed caudad, in dorsal view broad, short, posterior margin sinuate, posterolateral angles broadly rounded (Fig 4, mpp), in caudal view strongly concave. Parameres (Figs 4–5, pa) 0.4 times as long as length of pygophore, diameter uniform, slightly sinuous in lateral view, rounded, slightly expanded, with setae at apex.  Phallus . Basal plate subtriangular with bridge as long and thick as the arms of basal plate. Dorsal phallothecal sclerite (Figs 6–7, dps) wider basally, lateral margins sinuous, apically strongly curved dorsally, apex broadly rounded, with median small tooth on posterior margin. Endosoma with a distal dorsal lobe, apically with strongly sclerotized spicules (Figs 6–8, al); medial subapical lobe membranous (Fig 7, ml); lateral lobes strongly sclerotized (Figs 6–8, ls), very broad basally, tapering apically, with very fine denticles at apex. Medial lobe sclerotized (Fig 6, cs). </p>
            <p>FEMALE. Total length 13.8–15.5 mm. General characters as described for male, except as follows.</p>
            <p>Genitalia. Gonapophysis 8 setosae at apex (Fig 9). Bursa copulatrix membranous, trapezoid, wider anteriorly (Fig 10); median oviduct (Fig 10, mov) connects to folded anterior medial portion of bursa copulatrix, which has slightly sclerotized folds (Fig 10, sf); ventral surface with anterior projections of gonapophysis 8 sclerotized, long, almost reaching sclerotized folds, tapering and curved medially on anterior end (Fig 10, ap).</p>
            <p>Etymology. The epithet refers to Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian ecosystem from which the species is known.</p>
            <p> Distribution and bionomics. The species was recorded at 23 of 24 monitoring points of the artificial transposition of the main course of São Francisco River (Fig 15), which is one of the longest Brazilian rivers, running through five states (Minas Gerais, Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe and Alagoas). Observed specimens were distributed in Caatinga vegetation and were active throughout the year. Specimens were usually collected on  Cleome spinosa Jacq. (Cleomaceae) , a species native to South America, which is found in open areas near rivers, lakes and ponds (Figs 11–12). </p>
            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus belongs to a Neotropical clade that contains also the genera  Pselliopus Bergroth, 1905 and  Cosmoclopius Stål, 1866 (Zhang &amp; Weirauch 2014), none of which possess sticky glands on the forefemur (Zhang &amp; Weirauch 2013), which is congruent with previous observations of some species of  Pselliopus and  Cosmoclopius found on sticky plants such as  Cleome (e.g., Cobben &amp; Wygodzinsky 1975). Finding this new species of  Pyrrhosphodrus associated with a sticky plant reinforces the idea that species lacking sticky glands on the forelegs might be associated with plant with glandular trichomes that aid in prey capture (Zhang &amp; Weirauch 2013). </p>
            <p> The species seems to be a generalist predator, because it was observed feeding on different insects that visit  C. spinosa , such as Meliponini bees (  Hymenoptera ) (Fig 13) and  Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) . Mating was also recorded on  C. spinosa (Fig 14). </p>
            <p> Discussion.  Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis sp. nov. is easily distinguished from all other species of  Pyrrhosphodrus by the reddish pronotum and abdomen, and the mostly black legs.  Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis sp. nov. can be set apart from  P. amazonus and  P. geraesensis by the uniformly colored pronotum, whereas in these two species the pronotum has a black transverse band.  Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis sp. nov. is similar to  P. militaris because of the uniformly colored pronotum.  Pyrrhosphodrus caatingensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from  P. militaris by the reddish pronotum, the paired protuberances on the disk of the anterior lobe of the pronotum, and by the mostly black legs. In  P. militaris the pronotum is yellowish, the disk of the anterior pronotal lobe is flat, and the femora are yellowish with pale brown annuli and the tibiae are dark with a basal yellowish annulus. </p>
            <p> Forattini &amp; Serra (1950) presented schematic drawings for the pygophore and aedeagus of  P. militaris . We document the female genitalia of  P. caatingensis sp. nov. , the first for any species of  Pyrrhosphodrus . Despite not being able to compare in detail the genitalic structure of  P. caatingensis sp. nov. with  P. militaris or other species, we consider the former as a new species based on its morphology and its particular coloration pattern. Future studies might corroborate this hypothesis with additional data, including genitalic structures. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960F87AAFFADFFC589B8FA2CE3C784DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lapischies, Rita;Forero, Dimitri;Barcellos, Aline;Salomão, Renato P.	Lapischies, Rita, Forero, Dimitri, Barcellos, Aline, Salomão, Renato P. (2019): A new species of Pyrrhosphodrus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from the Caatinga ecosystem in Brazil, with notes on the genus. Zootaxa 4543 (3): 388-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.3.4
960F87AAFFAAFFC889B8FA74E4F1815F.text	960F87AAFFAAFFC889B8FA74E4F1815F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrrhosphodrus militaris Stal 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus militaris Stål, 1866</p>
            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus militaris Stål (1866: 298) (new species); Stål (1872: 87) (diagnosis, distribution); Wygodzinsky (1949: 44) (checklist); Forattini &amp; Serra (1950: 229) (redescription, biology); Putshkov &amp; Putshkov (1988: 154) (catalog); Maldonado Capriles (1990: 269) (catalog). </p>
            <p> Heniartes theresina Berg (1879: 156) (new species), syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus theresina: Wygodzinsky (1947: 13) (new generic placement, photos of type); Wygodzinsky (1949: 44) (checklist); Putshkov &amp; Putshkov (1988: 154) (catalog); Maldonado Capriles (1990: 269) (catalog), syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Material studied: 1 ♂ BRAZIL, São Paulo, Ipiranga, 02/VII/1907, H. Luideswaldt leg., MZSP 72800,  Pyrrhosphodrus sp. C. Campaner det 2002; 1 ♀ Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula (Pro-Mata), 26/I/1998, C. Weirauch leg.,  Pyrrhosphodrus theresina C. Weirauch det. III/1993, MCTP 13724; 1 ♀ same locality as above, 8/III/1998, C. Weirauch leg.,  Pyrrhosphodrus theresina C. Weirauch det. III/1993, MCTP 13 665. Photo of a female syntype of  P. militaris , housed at NHRS, collection number 0 359. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Pyrrhosphodrus militaris was described from Brazil (Stål 1866) and later recorded from the state of São Paulo (Forattini &amp; Serra 1950), now has its distribution broadened to south Brazil and Argentina. </p>
            <p> Discussion of the systematic decision. Stål (1866) described  P. militaris as pale yellow with multiple annuli on the legs, and the abdomen with black and yellowish bands, but without indicating the relative width between the two. Berg (1879) described a very similar coloration pattern in  P. theresina , without indicating the color of the abdomen. The examined specimen (photo) of the syntype series of  P. militaris (Figs 16–18) has a mostly black abdomen with very faint pale yellowish areas. We tried to study the holotype of  Heniartes theresina from “ Corrientes ” (Argentina) that is deposited at La Plata museum, but recent inquiries show that only the original labels are left, with no trace of the specimen described by Berg (P. M. Dellapé, pers. communication). Nonetheless, Wygodzinsky (1947) reproduced a photo of the holotype. With these photographs, in addition to some examined specimens that fit both descriptions, we conclude that the two names represent the same species. Both have characteristic leg color patterns, a mostly black abdomen, and an apically broad, pale yellow, upcurved scutellum. This combination of characters is not present in any of the known species of  Pyrrhosphodrus ; therefore, we consider these two names as synonyms, and  P. militaris has priority. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960F87AAFFAAFFC889B8FA74E4F1815F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lapischies, Rita;Forero, Dimitri;Barcellos, Aline;Salomão, Renato P.	Lapischies, Rita, Forero, Dimitri, Barcellos, Aline, Salomão, Renato P. (2019): A new species of Pyrrhosphodrus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from the Caatinga ecosystem in Brazil, with notes on the genus. Zootaxa 4543 (3): 388-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.3.4
960F87AAFFA4FFC989B8F8E3E4968297.text	960F87AAFFA4FFC989B8F8E3E4968297.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrrhosphodrus amazonus Stal 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus amazonus Stål, 1866</p>
            <p> Pyrrhosphodrus amazonus Stål (1866: 298) (new species); Stål (1872: 87) (diagnosis, new variety, distribution); Wygodzinsky (1949: 44) (checklist); Putshkov &amp; Putshkov (1988: 154) (catalog); Maldonado Capriles (1990: 269) (catalog). </p>
            <p> Material studied:   1 ♀ COLOMBIA, Meta, San Martin, San Francisco,  Hacienda Tocancipá , 330 m, 20/IV/2005  , </p>
            <p> Romero et al. leg. MPUJ_ENT 0 0 11151 (MPUJ). Photo of a female syntype of  P. amazonus , housed at NHRS, collection number 0 358. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Pyrrhosphodrus amazonus was described from Northern Brazil (Stål, 1866) and subsequently recorded from Colombia (Stål, 1872). </p>
            <p> Discussion. Similarly to the situation with  P. militaris (see above),  P. amazonus and  P. geraesensis share a common color pattern. We did not have access to the type specimen of  P. geraesensis , however, based on the original description, it seems very similar to  P. amazonus except by the characters mentioned in the key. Fallou (1887) ambiguously described leg coloration, leaving for interpretation the pattern of black annuli present on all the femora; thus we interpreted the description as indicated below in the key. Further examination of the type specimen of  P. geraesensis might help decide if these two species really are synonyms. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960F87AAFFA4FFC989B8F8E3E4968297	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lapischies, Rita;Forero, Dimitri;Barcellos, Aline;Salomão, Renato P.	Lapischies, Rita, Forero, Dimitri, Barcellos, Aline, Salomão, Renato P. (2019): A new species of Pyrrhosphodrus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from the Caatinga ecosystem in Brazil, with notes on the genus. Zootaxa 4543 (3): 388-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.3.4
960F87AAFFA5FFC989B8F98AE2FF84AB.text	960F87AAFFA5FFC989B8F98AE2FF84AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrrhosphodrus Stal 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to  Pyrrhosphodrus species </p>
            <p>1 Pronotum with a transverse black line between anterior and posterior lobes........................................ 2</p>
            <p>1’ Pronotum unicolor..................................................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 2 (1) Scutellum black with a middle yellow spot; membrane of hemelytra bordered with black; all femora yellowish with black annuli.....................................................................................  P. geraesensis</p>
            <p> 2’ Scutellum not black; membrane of hemelytra not bordered with black; femora yellowish, apically black, hind femur in addition with medial black annuli.......................................................................  P. amazonus</p>
            <p> 3 (1’) General color yellowish; fore- and mesofemora yellowish with obsolete annulations; prosternum unicolored; abdominal sternites mostly black with yellow bands...............................................................  P. militaris</p>
            <p> 3’ General color reddish; fore- and mesofemora black with conspicuous subapical pale brown annuli; two parallel dark stripes lateral to the prosternal sulcus; abdominal sternites reddish, anterior margin of segments V–VII darkened, with small whitish lateral dots...........................................................................  P. caatingensis sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960F87AAFFA5FFC989B8F98AE2FF84AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lapischies, Rita;Forero, Dimitri;Barcellos, Aline;Salomão, Renato P.	Lapischies, Rita, Forero, Dimitri, Barcellos, Aline, Salomão, Renato P. (2019): A new species of Pyrrhosphodrus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from the Caatinga ecosystem in Brazil, with notes on the genus. Zootaxa 4543 (3): 388-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.3.4
