identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
97261757713F137CFF3FFA7AFA5BF630.text	97261757713F137CFF3FFA7AFA5BF630.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monoblemma Gertsch 1941	<div><p>Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941</p><p>Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941: 8,</p><p>type species  Monoblemma unica Gertsch, 1941 10, figs. 9–12 (by monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of the genus  Monoblemma can be distinguished from other Neotropical members of  Tetrablemmidae by the absence of a conductor or any process emerging from the base of the embolus. In contrast, genera within the tribe  Mattini such as  Matta,  Caraimatta, and  Micromatta, which have a well-developed conductor (see Shear 1978: 18, figs. 40–46; Lehtinen 1981: 150, figs. 313–315; Brescovit &amp; Cizauskas 2019: 408, figs. 3E–F, 13A–F). Additionally, Neotropical species of  Tetrablemma possess a small, sclerotized process at the base of the embolus, which is also lacking in  Monoblemma (see Martínez, Flórez-Daza &amp; Brescovit 2020: 95, 97, 99, figs. 2A– B, 4C–D, 6D–E). Males of  Monoblemma are further characterized by a long, filiform embolus and a spermatic duct that runs directly into the embolus without forming loops (Figs. 3A–D, 5A–D, 7A–D, 12A–D, 16A–D, 20A–C). The females of the genus are characterized by having very large receptacles with internal rounded glands (Figs. 3E–F, 7E–F, 20E, 12 E−F, 15E−F, 20F).</p><p>Composition. Four species  Monoblemma unicum Gertsch, 1941,  Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940),  Monoblemma becki Brignoli, 1978, and  Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. From Virgin Islands to Brazil.</p><p>Identification key for  Monoblemma species</p><p>1. Males.............................................................................................. 2</p><p>– Females............................................................................................ 5</p><p>2. With one single eye or none............................................................................. 3</p><p>– With four eyes....................................................................................... 4</p><p>3. With a single median eye at the edge of the clypeal declivity (Fig. 1A–B, D)..........  Monoblemma unicum Gertsch, 1941</p><p>– Without eyes.............................................................  Monoblemma becki Brignoli, 1978</p><p>4. Copulatory bulb longer than wide, with a flat projection at the base of the embolus........  Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov.</p><p>– Copulatory bulb nearly as long as wide, without projection at the base of the embolus...................................................................................................  Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940)</p><p>5. Central process extremely thin proximally; preanal plate approximately twice as wide as postgenital plate...................................................................................  Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940)</p><p>– Central process wide along its entire length; preanal plate more than twice as wide as postgenital plate.............................................................................................  Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713F137CFF3FFA7AFA5BF630	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
97261757713C137CFF3FFD49FCC7F009.text	97261757713C137CFF3FFD49FCC7F009.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monoblemma unicum Gertsch 1941	<div><p>Monoblemma unicum Gertsch, 1941</p><p>Figure 1.</p><p>Monoblemma unica Gertsch, 1941: 10, figs. 9–12</p><p>(  male holotype from  Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama, 9.VI.1938 E. G. Williams, Jr. leg., deposited in AMNH, examined ).</p><p>Monoblemma unicum Shear, 1978: 21, figs. 47–50 (correction of specific epithet according to the gender of the generic name); Nentwig, 1993: 97, figs. 48A–C.</p><p>Diagnosis. This is the only species in the genus that has a single median eye on the edge of the clypeal declivity (Gertsch 1941: 8; Fig. 1A–B, D). Males can be further distinguished by the robust embolus with a canal along its full extension (Fig. 1F–I).</p><p>Description. An excellent and highly detailed description was originally provided by Gertsch (1941). This description was successfully supplemented by Shear (1978).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Panama (Fig. 21).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713C137CFF3FFD49FCC7F009	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
97261757713C137DFF3FFB7FFB54F3BC.text	97261757713C137DFF3FFB7FFB54F3BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant 1940) Martínez 2025	<div><p>Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940) new combination</p><p>Figures 2–10, 14 E−H, 16A, C, 20A, E.</p><p>Tetrablemma cambridgei Bryant, 1940: 269, figs. 8–10, 13 (male holotype, female allotype, and males paratypes from Cuba, Soledad, 8.VIII.1932, Bates &amp; Fairchild, deposited in MCZ, examined).</p><p>Matta cambridgei: Shear, 1978: 16, figs. 24–32 (transferred from  Tetrablemma, misidentification based on specimens from Jamaica, examined).</p><p>Caraimatta cambridgei: Lehtinen, 1981: 71 (transferred from  Matta, misidentification based on Shear (1978) ’ drawings.</p><p>Monoblemma muchmorei Shear, 1978: 23, figs. 51–56 (male holotype and female paratype from St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands, 6.V.1974, W. Muchmore leg., deposited in AMNH, examined). New synonymy.</p><p>Other material examined.   PUERTO RICO. Luquillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.79995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.295374" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.79995/lat 18.295374)">El Junque Trail</a>: litter bamboo mixed forest, 150m, [18°17'43.35"N, 65° 47' 59.81"W], R. Edwards leg., 4.II.2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AMNH, vchLAM-561-562),  1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AMNH), 12 ♂ 3 ♀ (AMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis.  Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940),  comb. nov., is similar to  Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov. by the presence of four eyes and a medially expanded spermatic duct (Figs. 2; 3A–B; 6A–B; 8A–C; 10A–C; 13A–C; 15A–C; 3A–B; 5A–B; 7A–B; 12A–B; 20A–B). Males of  M. cambridgei can be distinguished from  M. cubaensis by a thinner and shorter embolus, and the poorly projected bulb (Figs. 3A–D; 5A–D; 7A–D; 16A, C; 20A). They are further separated by the shape of the cheliceral apophyses, which are pointed, anteriorly projected, with many denticles on the frontal surface (Figs. 5E; 8B–F). Females of  M. cambridgei are characterized by a knob-like, thinner central process and smaller seminal receptacles (Figs. 3E–F; 7E–F; 20E).</p><p>Redescription. Male (based on holotype and paratype, MCZ-IZ 20680). Total body length 1.01, carapace length 0.42, width 0.33, height 0.24. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances: four eyes, ALE 0.06, PLE 0.04; PLE separated by more than one ALE diameter. Sternum sub-rhomboidal with recurved posterior edge, length 0.23, width 0.26. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.09. Legs: Leg I—femur 0.32/ patella 0.09/ tibia 0.26/ metatarsus 0.16/ tarsus 0.18/ total 1.02; II—0.28/ 0.11/ 0.24/ 0.13/ 0.15/ 0.93; III—0.21/ 0.13/ 0.14/ 0.12/ 0.13/ 0.74; IV—0.27/ 0.08/ 0.26/ 0.18/ 0.19/ 0.99. Abdomen length 0.60, width 0.47. Body coloration reddish-brown, carapace marginally darker (Fig. 2 A−C). Legs pale brown, metatarsi and tarsi whitish. Spinnerets pale whitish. Carapace: cephalothorax smooth, anteriorly reticulated few raised, suboval-shaped, anterior edge procurved, slightly projected (Fig. 8); four eyes arranged in two rows widely separated each other, ALE&gt;PLE, ALE and PLE adjacent; clypeus high and anteriorly projected with rounded anterior edge (Figs. 2A, 8C); thoracic region smooth, thoracic furrow represented by a transversal very short line (Figs. 2A, 8A); Chelicerae with developed frontal apophysis, projected and pointed at medial region and anteriorly represented by many denticles (Figs. 5E, 8B–F); endites sub-quadrangular, anteriorly narrow; labium trapezoidal-shaped and wider that long; sternum rugose almost as long as wide (Figs. 2C, 4C, 6C). Legs with many fine setae, femora with granulated cuticle, tibiae-tarsi cuticle striated, tarsi longer than metatarsi, metatarsi with a distal lyriform organ with six furrows; patellae with developed lyriform organ with two plates, with nine and five furrows, respectively (Figs. 9 E−H, 14E−H); tarsal claw very small, pectinated, anterior legs with 7−8 teeth and posterior legs with 5-6 (Fig. 14G). Opisthosoma: covered with black and fine setae on posterior edge (Fig. 9A); dorsal scutum oval-shaped and smooth; ventral scutum (pulmonar scutum) finely reticulated and with some fine setae and four spigots at the epyadrium (Fig. 9D); with three lateral scuta, extending to the posterior side of the anal plate, lateral regions with some free sclerites (Fig. 2B); postgenital scutum rectangular, long, very narrow; preanal scutum rectangular-shaped and approximately twice as wide as postgenital scutum with all edges rounded. Six spinnerets surrounded by the anal plate (Fig. 9B, C), ALS large with two articles, basal article very wide, distal article short and narrow, covered by piriform gland spigots and two major ampullate gland spigots; PMS very short with two articles, one relatively large spigot, presumably from a minor ampullate gland, and several aciniform gland spigots; PLS also with two articles, apical article flat, covered by long modified setae and aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 9B, C),. Palp: femur cylindric with some simple setae on the cuticle; patella short with long setae; tibia swollen with simple and long setae; cymbium short with black, long setae; bulb large and pear-shaped; spermatic ducts very wide at base, narrower toward the embolus, and with a medial expansion; embolus long, filiform, straight, apically needle-shaped (Figs. 3A–D, 5A–D, 7A–D, 16A, C, 20A).</p><p>Female (based on allotype MCZ-IZ 68481 and complementary with a female AMNH; vchLAM-00560 from Puerto Rico). Total body length 1.04, carapace length 0.42, width 0.34, height 0.27. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances:ALE 0.04, PLE 0.03; PLE separated by one ALE diameter. Sternum length 0.27, width 0.26. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.10. Leg measurements: Leg I—femur 0.27/ patella 0.08/ tibia 0.16/ metatarsus 0.10/ tarsus 0.14/ total 0.79; II—0.12/ 0.07/ 0.11/ 0.13/ 0.12/ 0.57; III—0.21/ 0.06/ 0.16/ 0.13/ 0.15/ 0.72; IV—0.31/ 0.09/ 0.25/ 0.21/ 0.15/ 1.04. Abdomen length 0.61, width 0.42. Coloration as male but paler, legs uniformly whitish (Figs. 2 D−F, 4D−F, 6D−F). Carapace: cephalothorax smooth, with striated at posterior edge and under eyes; eyes white in two rows ALE&gt;PLE; clypeus high and anteriorly projected (Fig.10 A−C); thoracic region smooth (Fig. 10A); Chelicerae with a wide, poorly developed lateral apophysis at distal edges (Fig. 10B); endites sub-quadrangular-shaped with the wide basal edge, narrowing towards the distal edge (Figs. 2F, 4F, 6F); labium trapezoidal-shaped and wider that long (Figs. 2F, 4F, 6F); sternum rugose with few setae (Figs. 2F, 4F, 6F). Legs cuticle as in the male (Figs. 2 D−F, 4D−F, 6D−F). Opisthosoma: covered with white and black fine setae; scuta as in the male; postgenital scutum narrow. Six spinnerets surrounded by the anal plate as in the male (Fig. 10D). Genital orifice small, placed at posterior edge of epigynal fold; central process elongated, distally knob-shaped; seminal receptacles very large, oval, membranous; internal glands rounded; vulval ducts short, very wide (Figs. 7 E−F, 20E).</p><p>Variation. Males (n=5): total length: 0.98-1.06; carapace length: 0.42-0.50. Females (n=5): total length: 1.02- 1.09; carapace length: 0.41-0.42. Male and females from Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico are more pigmented (Fig. 6 A−F), males present developer chelicera apophysis (Fig. 8D, F). Furthermore, males show slight variation in the embolus length and in the tip, males from Virgin Island (Fig. 5 A−D) present slightly shorter and curved embolus while population from Puerto Rico present straight and needle-shaped embolus (Fig. 7 A−D), very similar in shape to those of the male types.</p><p>Remark.  Monoblemma muchmorei Shear, 1978 was originally described from the Virgin Islands, with an additional population reported from Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia. Shear (1978) noted some intraspecific variation, particularly in body size and the morphology of the cheliceral apophyses. Although the type specimens of  Monoblemma cambridgei exhibit smaller cheliceral apophyses, no significant differences were observed in the male palp when compared with specimens of  M. muchmorei from both the Virgin Islands and Colombia.</p><p>Distribution. Known from Colombia, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands (Fig. 21).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713C137DFF3FFB7FFB54F3BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
97261757713A137BFF3FFF47FD25F498.text	97261757713A137BFF3FFF47FD25F498.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monoblemma cubaensis Martínez 2025	<div><p>Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 11–13, 14 A−D, 15, 16B, D, 20B, F.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: CUBA. Santiago: Santiago de Cuba, Río Mata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.696945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.09278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.696945/lat 20.09278)">Yegua</a>, 2km NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.696945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.09278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.696945/lat 20.09278)">El Escandel</a>, 266m, (20°05'34''N, 75°41'49''W), N. Platnick, A. Sánchez, A. Pérez &amp; G. Alayón leg., 19.V.2010, 1 ♂ (AMNH, vchLAM-563)  .  Paratypes: same data as the holotype, 4 ♂ 5 ♀ (AMNH), 1 ♀ (AMNH, vchLAM-564) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the country where the species is distributed.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of  Monoblemma cubaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from to those of  Monoblemma cambridgei (Bryant, 1940) new combination by the longer embolus with a laminar projection at the base (Figs. 12 A−D, 16B, D, 20B). Males are further distinguished by the laminar, canaliculate cheliceral apophyses (Fig. 13 B−F). Females are characterized by the elongated and wider central process and larger seminal receptacles (Figs. 12 E−F, 15E−F, 20F).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype, AMNH). Total body length 1.04, carapace length 0.46, width 0.37, height 0.26. Clypeus height 0.15. Eye diameters and interdistances: four eyes, ALE 0.06, PLE 0.05; PLE separated by almost one ALE diameter. Sternum sub-rhomboidal with recurved posterior edge, length 0.26, width 0.27. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.08. Legs: Leg I—femur 0.31/ patella 0.07/ tibia 0.22/ metatarsus 0.18/ tarsus 0.21/ total 0.99; II—0.26/ 0.11/ 0.22/ 0.15/ 0.21/ 0.95; III—0.23/ 0.09/ 0.14/ 0.16/ 0.18/ 0.80; IV—0.21/ 0.08/ 0.25/ 0.22/ 0.22/ 0.98. Abdomen length 0.64, width 0.51. Body coloration reddish-brown, carapace marginally darker (Fig. 11 A−C). Legs brown, femora darker, metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Spinnerets brown. Carapace: cephalothorax reticulate, with small granules on posterior side, suboval-shaped, anterior edge strongly projected; four eyes arranged in two rows widely separated each other, ALE&gt;PLE, ALE and PLE adjacent; clypeus high and anteriorly projected with rounded anterior edge (Fig. 13 A−C); thoracic region reticulate, high, thoracic very short, transversal (Figs. 13 A−C, E); Chelicerae with developed laminar, canaliculate frontal apophysis, anteriorly positioned (Fig. 13 B−C); endites sub-quadrangular, anteriorly narrow; labium trapezoidal-shaped and wider that long; sternum rugose almost as long as wide (Fig. 11C). Legs with many fine setae, femora with granulated cuticle, tibiae-tarsi cuticle striated, tarsi longer than metatarsi. Opisthosoma: with some black, fine setae on posterior edge (Figs. 11A, 14A); dorsal scutum oval-shaped and smooth; ventral scutum (pulmonar scutum) finely reticulated and with some fine setae and four spigots at the epyadrium (Fig. 14D); with three lateral scuta, extending to the posterior side of the anal plate, lateral regions with some free sclerites (Figs. 11B, 14A); postgenital scutum rectangular, long, very narrow; preanal scutum rectangular, approximately as wide as the pulmonar scutum, with straight lateral edges. Six spinnerets surrounding by the anal plate (Fig. 14 A−C), ALS large with two articles, basal article very wide, distal article short, with several piriform gland spigots and two major ampullate gland spigots; PMS short with two articles, covered by modified setae and a large spigot, presumably a minor ampullate gland, and several aciniform gland spigots; PLS with two articles, the apical article is flat and is covered by long modified setae and aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 14C). Palp: femur cylindric with simple setae on the cuticle; patella short with long setae; tibia swollen with simple and long setae; cymbium short with black, long setae; bulb large, pear-shaped, strongly projected and anteriorly constricted; spermatic ducts very wide at base, narrower toward the embolus, with a medial expansion; embolus long but shorter than bulb, filiform, straight, with a laminar projection at base (Figs. 12 A−D, 16B, D, 20B).</p><p>Female (paratype, AMNH). Total body length 1.01, carapace length 0.45, width 0.39, height 0.26. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.04, PLE 0.03; PLE separated by one ALE diameter. Sternum length 0.27, width 0.28. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.11. Leg measurements: Leg I—femur 0.36/ patella 0.12/ tibia 0.28/ metatarsus 0.19/ tarsus 0.21/ total 1.19; II—0.30/ 0.12/ 0.25/ 0.15/ 0.16/ 1.01; III—0.27/ 0.11/ 0.22/ 0.18/ 0.21/ 1.02; IV—0.26/ 0.12/ 0.32/ 0.25/ 0.26/ 1.22. Abdomen length 0.69, width 0.59. Coloration as male, legs uniformly brown (Fig. 11 D−F). Carapace: cephalothorax smooth, with striated at posterior edge and under eyes; eyes white in two rows ALE&gt;PLE; clypeus high, anteriorly projected (Fig.15 A−C); thoracic region rugous (Fig. 15A); Chelicerae with large developed lateral apophyses at distal edges (Fig. 15B); endites sub-quadrangular-shaped with the wide basal edge, narrowing towards the distal edge (Fig. 5D); labium trapezoidal-shaped and wider that long (Fig. 11F); sternum rugose with few setae on margins (Fig. 11F). Opisthosoma: covered with white and black fine setae (Figs. 10E, 11F); scuta as in the male; postgenital scutum narrower. Genitalia orifice small, placed at posterior edge of epigynal fold; central process wide, distally rounded; seminal receptacles massive, membranous; internal glands rounded; vulval ducts short, very wide (Figs. 12 E−F, 15E−F, 20F).</p><p>Variation. Males (n=5): total length: 1.02-1.08; carapace length: 0.39-0.46. Females (n=5): total length: 1.01- 1.04; carapace length: 0.41-0.45.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Cuba (Fig. 21).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713A137BFF3FFF47FD25F498	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
97261757713B137BFF3FFE9AFCC0F61A.text	97261757713B137BFF3FFE9AFCC0F61A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monoblemma becki Brignoli 1978	<div><p>Monoblemma becki Brignoli, 1978</p><p>Monoblemma becki Brignoli, 1978: 143, figs. 2–5.</p><p>(  male holotype from Brazil, Amazonas, Umgebung Manaus,  Reserva Ducke, 22.XII.1965 - 14.IV.1966, L. Beck, deposited in LNK, not examined ).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other  Monoblemma species by the absence of eyes and by the presence of a long embolus bearing an apical laminar projection (see Brignoli, 1978: 145, figs. 2–5).</p><p>Note. It was not possible to examine the type specimens of this species; however, the illustrations provided by Brignoli support its correct placement within the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713B137BFF3FFE9AFCC0F61A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
97261757713B1378FF3FFD1BFD02F070.text	97261757713B1378FF3FFD1BFD02F070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shearella browni Shear 1978	<div><p>Shearella browni Shear, 1978 comb. rest.</p><p>Figures 17–19, 14 A−D, 20D, G.</p><p>Monoblemma browni Shear, 1978: 23, figs. 57–61</p><p>( Male holotype from Périnet, Madagascar, III. 1969, W. L. Brown leg., deposited in AMNH, examined);</p><p>Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2016: 447 (Transferred from  Shearella).</p><p>Shearella browni: Lehtinen, 1981: 54 (complementary description of male holotype).</p><p>Other material examined.   MADAGASCAR. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.45679&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.86517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.45679/lat -18.86517)">Andosibe</a>, 1150m, (18°51'54.61"S, 48°27'24.44"E), Gary D. Alpert leg., 5.VII.1992, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MCZ-IZ 53665)  .  Paratypes: same data as the holotype, 4 ♂ 5 ♀ (AMNH),  1 ♀ (AMNH, vchLAM-564);  10 km SW of Antalaha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=50.2333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.951161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 50.2333/lat -14.951161)">Ambohitsara</a>, 20m, (14°57'4.18"S, 50°13'59.88"E), Gary D. Alpert leg., 4.II.1989, 1 ♀ (MCZ-IZ 53667)  .</p><p>Justification of the transfer. Sankaran and Sebastian (2016) transferred this species to  Monoblemma, suggesting that it better fit the diagnostic features of that genus. However, the only distinguishing feature separating this species from others in  Shearella is the poorly elevated ocular tubercle. In contrast, the genital morphology of both males and females, as described herein, along with the species’ geographical distribution, supports its reclassification within  Shearella . Males of  Shearella possess a filiform, very thin embolus inserted on a subrounded copulatory bulb. Additionally, the spermatic duct forms a subapical loop internally. Females exhibit simple, rounded receptacles without internal glands and a short central process. The height of the ocular tubercle is variable within the genus: both  Shearella browni Shear, 1978, and  Shearella lilawati Lehtinen, 1981, have a low ocular tubercle, yet all  Shearella species share the aforementioned morphological characters.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of  Shearella browni Shear, 1978 comb. rest. are very similar to those of  Shearella alii Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2016 and  Shearella selvarani Lehtinen, 1981 by the very long embolus (Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2016: 444, figs. 1A–B, 2A–F, 3A–D; Lehtinen, 1981: 53, figs. 204, 209, 213) but can be distinguished by the embolus almost as long as the copulatory bulb (Figs. 17G–J, 19A–B, 20D). Females are similar to those of  Shearella lilawati Lehtinen, 1981 by the subrounded seminal receptacles, but can be distinguished by the smaller receptacles and thinner central process (Figs. 19D–E, 20G).</p><p>Redescription. Male (based on holotype AMNH and complemented with a male MCZ-IZ 53665). Total body length 1.99, carapace length 0.90, width 0.76, height 0.58. Clypeus height 0.19. Eyes arranged in a compacted group: four eyes, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.04; PLE very close to each other. Sternum sub-trapezoidal, with recurved sides and straight posterior edge, length 0.56, width 0.77. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.18. Legs: Leg I—femur 0.74/ patella 0.25/ tibia 0.57/ metatarsus 0.36/ tarsus 0.41/ total 2.35; II—0.56/ 0.23/ 0.47/ 0.29/ 0.28/ 1.86; III— 0.57/ 0.24/ 0.43/ 0.23/ 0.21/ 1.69; IV—0.76/ 0.20/ 0.69/ 0.45/ 0.38/ 2.48. Abdomen length 1.10, width 0.92. Body coloration light reddish-brown, carapace marginally darker with small marginal granules (Figs. 17A–F, 18A–D). Legs light brown, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Spinnerets light brown. Carapace: cephalothorax reticulate, with small granules on posterior side, sub oval-shaped, anterior edge projected; four eyes arranged in a compacted group, ocular tubercle low, ALE&gt;PLE, ALE and PLE close to each other; clypeus very high and anteriorly projected with straight anterior edge (Figs. 17A–F, 18A–D); thoracic region reticulate, high, thoracic very short, transversal (Figs. 17A, 18A); Chelicerae with developed laminar, canaliculate frontal apophysis, anteriorly positioned (Figs. 17B, 18A, C); endites sub-quadrangular, anteriorly narrow and projected; labium wide with a median deep depression; sternum rugose almost as long as wide (Figs. 17C, 18C). Legs with fine setae, femora with granulated cuticle, tibiae-tarsi cuticle striated, tarsi slightly longer than metatarsi. Opisthosoma: with some white, fine setae on posterior edge (Figs. 17F, 18C); dorsal scutum oval-shaped, smooth; ventral scutum (pulmonar scutum) finely reticulated with straight posterior edge (Figs. 17F, 18C); with three lateral scuta, extending to the posterior side of the anal plate, lateral regions with some very small free sclerites (Figs. 17E, 18C); postgenital scutum narrow, rectangular, long; preanal scutum rectangular, approximately as wide as the pulmonar scutum, with straight lateral edges. Six spinnerets surrounded by the anal plate (Figs. 17F, 18C). Palp: femur cylindric, thin with several setae on the cuticle; patella very short with long setae; tibia swollen with simple and long setae; cymbium very short; bulb large, subrounded; spermatic ducts very wide at base, filiform towards embolus; embolus very long, almost as long as bulb (Figs. 17G–J, 19A–B, 20D).</p><p>Female (MCZ-IZ 53665). Total body length 1.15, carapace length 0.53, width 0.46, height 0.38. Clypeus height 0.17. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.04, PLE 0.03; PLE and ALE close to each other. Sternum length 0.33, width 0.34. Chelicerae (paturon) length 0.20. Leg measurements: Leg I—femur 0.42/ patella 0.12/ tibia 0.24/ metatarsus 0.22/ tarsus 0.23/ total 1.24; II—0.36/ 0.14/ 0.25/ 0.21/ 0.20/ 1.17; III—0.27/ 0.14/ 0.22/ 0.18/ 0.15/ 0.98; IV—0.42/ 0.14/ 0.36/ 0.24/ 0.20/ 1.38. Abdomen length 0.81, width 0.64. Coloration as male, but paler, legs uniformly brown, paler, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish (Fig. 18 D−F). Carapace: cephalothorax rugous; eyes arranged in a compacted group ALE&gt;PLE; clypeus high, anteriorly projected (Fig.18D); thoracic region rugous (Fig. 18D); Chelicerae with poorly developed frontal apophyses; endites subquadrangular-shaped with the wide basal edge, narrowing towards the distal edge (Fig. 5D); labium trapezoidal-shaped and wider that long (Fig. 18F); sternum rugose with few setae on margins (Fig. 18F. Opisthosoma: covered with white and black fine setae (Fig. 18F); scuta as in the male. Genitalia orifice small, placed at posterior edge of epigynal fold; central process very short; seminal receptacles small, membranous, rounded; vulval ducts short, thin (Figs. 19D–E, 20G).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Madagascar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97261757713B1378FF3FFD1BFD02F070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martínez, Leonel	Martínez, Leonel (2025): A revision of the genus Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) in Central America and the Caribbean. Zootaxa 5636 (2): 287-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.4
