taxonID	type	description	language	source
275EF791528056AFA421167B3ABB7801.taxon	type_taxon	Type. Garcinia mangostana L., Sp. Pl. 1: 443. 1753.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
275EF791528056AFA421167B3ABB7801.taxon	description	Description. Habit evergreen trees, sometimes with buttresses near the base of the main stem of large trees; latex yellow (i. e., G. exigua and G. mangostana var. mangostana) or white, turning yellow (i. e., G. celebica), sticky; branches decussate, horizontal or nearly horizontal; branchlets 4 - ridged, glabrous. Terminal bud concealed between the bases of the uppermost pair of petioles. Leaves decussate, small (i. e., G. exigua) or big (i. e., G. celebica and G. mangostana var. mangostana); lamina coriaceous or thickly coriaceous, glabrous; secondary veins curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into one (i. e., G. celebica and G. exigua) or two intramarginal veins (i. e., G. mangostana var. mangostana), with interrupted long wavy lines (glandular wavy lines, also called exudate containing canals) of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex or the margin; petiole grooved or not grooved above, transversely rugose, usually with a basal appendage clasping the branchlets. Inflorescences terminal, simple cymes, in a cluster of two to several flowers, or sometimes a solitary flower (in the female flowers). Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious, 4 - merous; bracteoles caducous; sepals and petals decussate. Male flowers: stamens numerous, united into a single 4 - lobed (i. e., G. celebica and G. exigua) or 4 - angled bundle (i. e., G. mangostana var. mangostana from Nazre et al. 2018), antepetalous (opposite the petals); anthers small, 2 - thecous; pistillode present or absent. Female flowers: staminodes absent or present; pistil fungiform (mushroom-shaped); ovary unlobed, usually multilocular; stigma sessile, distinctly or weakly lobed and smooth or rough. Fruits berries, subglobose, globose, depressed globose or broadly ellipsoid, small (i. e., G. exigua) or big (i. e., G. celebica and G. mangostana var. mangostana), without or with a short beak at the apex, with thick or thin pericarp, turning woody when dry; persistent stigma flattened or slightly convex, distinctly or weakly lobed; persistent sepals usually larger than in flowering materials. Seeds (1 –) 4 – 9, usually with a fleshy pulp. Garcinia section Garcinia is characterized by its terminal inflorescences of simple cymes (in a cluster of two to several flowers), or sometimes a solitary flower (in the female flowers); flowers with 4 sepals and 4 petals; male flowers often with a pistillode, stamens united into a single 4 - lobed or 4 - angled bundle, and with 2 - thecous anthers; usually multilocular ovaries, and stigmas with distinctly or weakly lobed and smooth or rough; and fruits with a smooth surface. A section of 15 species worldwide (Gaudeul et al. 2024); three species in Thailand (i. e., two native species: Garcinia celebica L. and G. exigua Nazre, and one cultivated species and variety: G. mangostana L. var. mangostana). Numbers of species in Garcinia section Garcinia recognized by Jones (1980), Nazre et al. (2018), and Gaudeul et al. (2024) is shown in Table 1.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
BFFFF0813668563CAA8739D9F95B1EBA.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
BFFFF0813668563CAA8739D9F95B1EBA.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 5 – 13 m tall, 15 – 70 cm GBH; latex pale yellow; branches decussate, horizontal or nearly horizontal; branchlets green or yellowish pale green, terete, glabrous. Bark mottled with dark brown and brown, thin, rather smooth or flaking; inner bark reddish brown. Leaves decussate; lamina elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 6 – 21.5 × 2.5 – 9 cm, apex acute, bluntly acute or shortly acuminate, base cuneate or obtuse, sometimes rounded or oblique, margin entire or repand, slightly revolute, coriaceous, shiny dark green above, pale green below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib flattened above, raised below, secondary veins 11 – 21 each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, flattened above, slightly raised below, visible on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible on both surfaces, interrupted long wavy lines of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex, obscure or visible below; petiole green, 0.4 – 2 cm long, 1.5 – 3 mm in diam., grooved above, transversely rugose, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlets; young leaves brownish red or reddish brown, turning pale green, glossy. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, often in a cluster of 3 flowers or 2 – 7 flowers; leafy bracts 2, opposite, ovate, broadly ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 0.7 – 4.3 × 0.4 – 2 cm, apex acute, base obtuse, margin entire, coriaceous; petiole 1 – 4.5 mm long, 0.5 – 1.5 mm in diam.; peduncle green, short to slender, 0.2 – 4 cm long, 1 – 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious, 4 - merous, 1 – 1.5 cm in diam.; bracteoles 2, opposite, caducous, triangular, 1.5 – 2.5 × 1.3 – 2 mm; pedicel 3 – 6 mm long, 0.8 – 1.5 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals and petals decussate, concave, gradually reflexed after anthesis, glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, orbicular, suborbicular, broadly ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 2 – 6 × 1.5 – 4 mm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair; petals 4, pale yellow or yellowish white, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic, 4.5 – 6 × 2.5 – 4 mm, subequal. Flower buds subglobose to globose, 4 – 5 mm in diam. Male flowers: stamens white or creamish white, numerous, united in a central depressed globose bundle surrounding the pistillode; filaments very short; anthers 2 - thecous, small, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode small. Female flowers: staminodes many; filaments short, basally connate into a cup surrounding the base of the ovary but distally free; anthers yellow, small; pistil fungiform, 4 – 5.5 mm long; ovary pale green, broadly ovoid, 2.5 – 3.5 × 3 – 4 mm, unlobed, glabrous, 1 – 2 - locular; stigma yellow, sessile, slightly convex, weakly lobed, 4 – 5 mm in diam., smooth. Fruits berries, dark green, turning purple when ripe, smooth with fine longitudinal striate, glabrous, ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, 1.8 – 2.5 × 1.2 – 2.2 cm, without or with a short, thick beak; persistent stigma dark brown or blackish brown, flattened, weakly lobed, 4.5 – 6 mm in diam. smooth; persistent sepals green, slightly larger than in flowering materials; fruiting stalk green, 0.6 – 1 cm long, 1.2 – 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Seeds 1 – 2, c. 8 × c. 6 mm. The size of seeds was taken from Vesque (1893).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
BFFFF0813668563CAA8739D9F95B1EBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India [Eastern India (Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya), Bangladesh, Myanmar (Martaban), China (South Guangxi, South and South-East Yunnan), Vietnam, Thailand.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
BFFFF0813668563CAA8739D9F95B1EBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. Northern: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
BFFFF0813668563CAA8739D9F95B1EBA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia anomala is a Latin word meaning abnormal (Stearn 1992), unlike its allies, out of the ordinary (Gledhill 2002) and refers to inflorescences subtended by 2 small leaf-like bracts which can be used as a spot character for distinguishing the species. The specific epithet of G. propinqua is a Latin word meaning closely allied, of near relationship, related (Stearn 1992; Gledhill 2002), in reference to G. propinqua being closely related to G. anomala. The specific epithet Garcinia bracteata is a Latin word meaning with bracts, bracteate (Stearn 1992; Gledhill 2002) and refers to bracteate cymes (inflorescences with 2 opposite leafy bracts).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
4C5CC22BE92951CFA92E5818863A47A5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
4C5CC22BE92951CFA92E5818863A47A5.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 5 – 25 - (– 30) m tall, 30 – 150 (– 200) cm GBH, sometimes with buttresses near the base of the main stem of large trees; latex white, turning yellow, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - ridged, glabrous. Bark greyish brown, brown, dark brown or blackish brown, scaly or fissured; inner bark reddish pink or red. Leaves: lamina variable in shape and size, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 10 – 24 × 4 – 9.5 cm, apex acute, base cuneate or oblique, margin repand or undulate, thickly coriaceous, smooth, shiny dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 12 – 25 each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, flattened on both surfaces, intramarginal veins not grooved above, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex, conspicuous below; petiole green, stout, 1 – 2 cm long, 2 – 4 mm in diam., grooved above, distinctly transversely rugose, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlet; young leaves brownish green, turning pale green, glossy; fresh leaves tough when crushed; mature leaves turning greenish yellow to pale yellow before falling off; dry leaves pale brown or reddish brown. Inflorescences terminal; bracts 2, caducous, narrowly triangular or triangular, 0.8 – 1.3 × 0.1 – 0.4 cm, apex acute (in female inflorescences). Flowers: sepals and petals glabrous; sepals concave; petals creamish white or pale yellow, somewhat fleshy, concave or not concave, apex rounded, margin entire or irregularly lobed and undulated. Flower buds subglobose to globose, 0.5 – 1 cm in diam. Male flowers lightly fragrant, in a cluster of 2 – 7 flowers, 1.8 – 2.5 cm in diam.; bracteoles caducous; pedicel pale yellow, reddish pale yellow or yellowish red, slender, terete (circular in cross-section) or slightly 4 - angled, 0.4 – 1 cm long, 1.5 – 3 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale yellow, reddish pale yellow or yellowish red, thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic, elliptic, suborbicular or orbicular, 0.5 – 1 × 0.4 – 1 cm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, suborbicular, orbicular, broadly elliptic or elliptic, 0.7 – 1.2 × 0.5 – 1.1 cm, subequal; stamens 144 – 198, united into a single 4 - lobed bundle (35 – 53 each lobe), surrounding a pistillode, lobes 5 – 9 × 5 – 8.5 mm; filaments very short; anthers 1 – 2 × 0.5 – 1 mm; pistillode fungiform, 5 – 7.5 mm long; sterile stigma pale yellow or yellow, sessile, convex, radiate, shallowly 4 – 9 - lobed, 3.5 – 5 mm in diam., smooth. Female flowers solitary or in a cluster of 2 – 3 flowers, 2 – 2.8 cm in diam.; bracteoles caducous, triangular, 1.5 – 5 × 1 – 4 mm; pedicel (of a flower in an inflorescence) or peduncle (of a solitary flower) green, stout, terete or slightly 4 - angled, 0.4 – 1.5 cm long, 2 – 4 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, thickly coriaceous, suborbicular, orbicular or broadly elliptic, 0.4 – 1.2 × 0.4 – 1.2 cm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, suborbicular, orbicular, broadly elliptic or elliptic, 0.7 – 1.5 × 0.7 – 1.3 cm, subequal; staminodes absent or present, united into 9 – 15 bundles, surrounding the ovary, each bundle 1 – 2 mm long; pistil fungiform, 0.5 – 1 cm long; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 4 – 6.5 × 4 – 7.5 mm, glabrous, 4 – 9 - locular; stigma pale yellow or yellow, convex, radiate, shallowly 4 – 9 - lobed, 2 – 4 mm long, 5.5 – 8 mm in diam., smooth. Fruits pale green, turning yellow, orange, reddish orange to red when ripe, smooth, glabrous, with a sticky white latex, turning yellow, broadly ellipsoid, subglobose, globose or depressed globose, 1.8 – 5.5 × 2 – 5.6 cm (length including a beak), without or with a short, thick beak at the apex, 2.5 – 6.5 × 5 – 11.5 mm, pericarp 2 – 7 mm thick, fleshy, becoming woody when dry; persistent stigma dark brown or blackish brown, flattened, radiate, shallowly 4 – 9 - lobed, 0.4 – 1.1 cm in diam.; persistent sepals green or green tinged with red, turning yellowish green to yellow or yellow tinged with red, thickly coriaceous, 0.5 – 1.5 × 0.5 – 1.4 cm, usually larger than in flowering materials; fruiting stalk green, strong and thick, 0.5 – 1.7 cm long, 2.5 – 6.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Seeds 4 – 9, sometimes aborted, brown mottled with irregular lines, ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, 0.7 – 2.4 × 0.4 – 1.6 cm, compressed, rounded at both ends, with a white fleshy pulp.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
4C5CC22BE92951CFA92E5818863A47A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India [North-Eastern India (Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal), Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Bangladesh, Myanmar (Martaban, Tenasserim), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Malacca), Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku), Borneo [Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan)], Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao), New Guinea [Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea].	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
4C5CC22BE92951CFA92E5818863A47A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. Northern: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae, Phitsanulok; North-Eastern: Loei, Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; Eastern: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; South-Western: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Central: Saraburi; South-Eastern: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; Peninsular: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
4C5CC22BE92951CFA92E5818863A47A5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia celebica indicates the type locality, Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes), Indonesia (Nazre 2010), as described by Rumphius (1741). The specific epithet of G. speciosa is a Latin word meaning showy or splendid (Stearn 1992; Gledhill, 2002) and refers to the ripe fruits are orangish red to red. The specific epithet of G. hombroniana is named after J. B. Hombron, a French physician and explorer who collected the type specimen during his journey from Singapore to Malacca (Peninsular Malaysia) (Corner 1952; Whitmore 1973; Nazre 2010).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
44E904B992FE5EDCBE1283C914BDA727.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
44E904B992FE5EDCBE1283C914BDA727.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 2.5 – 20 m tall, 20 – 100 cm GBH, sometimes with buttresses near the base of the main stem of large trees; latex yellow, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark brown or dark brown, after the peel pale yellow or pale brown, mottled, flaking and leaving roundish or irregularly shaped scars; inner bark red. Leaves: lamina narrowly elliptic, elliptic, broadly elliptic, sometimes obovate, 3 – 6.3 × 1 – 3.2 cm, apex narrowly obtuse or obtuse, base cuneate, margin entire and finely revolute, coriaceous, smooth, shiny dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 10 – 18 each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, faint above, inconspicuous below, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, faint on both surfaces, with a few scattered black gland dots on both surfaces, interrupted long wavy lines of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the apex or the margin, visible on both surfaces especially on the lower surface of dry leaves; petiole green, 0.3 – 1 cm long, 1 – 1.5 mm in diam., grooved above, finely transversely rugose, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlet; young leaves pale green, glossy; fresh leaves brittle when crushed; dry leaves pale brown or reddish brown. Inflorescences terminal, in fascicles of 3 male flowers and usually solitary in female flowers (observations based on infructescence); bracts 2, caducous, green or brownish green, conduplicate with a central keel, ovate, 8 – 10 × 4 – 5.5 mm, apex acuminate, thinly coriaceous (of male inflorescences). Flowers: sepals and petals glabrous. Male flower buds subglobose to globose, 3.5 – 5.5 mm in diam. Male flowers lightly fragrant, 1.5 – 2 cm in diam., the middle flowers always largest; bracteoles caducous; pedicel pale green, turning pale yellow, 3 – 4.5 mm long, 1.3 – 1.7 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale yellow, concave, thinly coriaceous, with wavy lines outside, the outer pair broadly ovate, 4.2 – 5 × 3.5 – 5 mm, apex acute, the inner pair elliptic or broadly elliptic, 4.2 – 6 × 3 – 4.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow, elliptic, 6.5 – 9 × 3.5 – 8 mm, subequal, apex obtuse, margin revolute, thinly coriaceous, with wavy lines outside; stamens numerous, united into a single 4 - lobed bundle, surrounding a pistillode, lobes 3 – 3.5 × 3 – 4 mm; filaments 0.5 – 0.7 mm; anthers 0.9 – 1.2 × 0.8 – 1 mm; pistillode fungiform, 3 – 3.5 mm long; sterile stigma yellow, sessile, convex, weakly 4 - lobed, 2.5 – 3 mm in diam., smooth. Female flowers not seen. Fruits green, smooth with fine longitudinal striate, glabrous, with a sticky yellow latex, subglobose, globose or broadly ellipsoid, 1 – 1.3 × 0.8 – 1.1 cm, pericarp coriaceous; persistent stigma dark brown or blackish brown, flattened or slightly convex, 2 – 3 mm in diam., weakly 4 - lobed; persistent sepals green, concave, coriaceous, lanceolate-ovate or ovate, 3.5 – 5.5 × 3 – 5 mm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex acute; fruiting stalk green, 1 – 2 mm long, 1 – 1.8 mm in diam., glabrous. Seeds 1, brown (dark brown when dry) mottled with irregular lines, ellipsoid, c. 6 × c. 3.5 mm, c. 1.8 mm thick, compressed, rounded at both ends, with a thin fleshy pulp. The morphological characters and data reported here for this species were mostly taken from Ngernsaengsaruay et al. (2023 a).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
44E904B992FE5EDCBE1283C914BDA727.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thailand, Malaysia [Borneo, Sarawak (Bintulu, Buan Forest Reserve; Mulu National Park: Matong Ubong, Ulu Matong, Sungai Ubong)]; Brunei [Temburong (Ulu Belalong)].	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
44E904B992FE5EDCBE1283C914BDA727.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. Peninsular: Krabi.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
44E904B992FE5EDCBE1283C914BDA727.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia exigua is a Latin word, referring to the small size of all parts in the specimens (Nazre et al. 2018).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
E02F6429700E5C22AE5652DA28BDA656.taxon	description	Fig. 5.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
E02F6429700E5C22AE5652DA28BDA656.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 7 – 20 (– 25) m tall, 40 – 150 cm GBH; latex yellow, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - ridged, glabrous. Bark dark brown, scaly; inner bark brownish orange. Leaves: lamina elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong or ovate, 15.5 – 36 × 6.5 – 13 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base obtuse or oblique, sometimes cuneate, margin entire or repand, thickly coriaceous, smooth or slightly bullate, shiny dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised above, raised as a prominent ridge below, secondary veins 10 – 18 each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into 2 intramarginal veins, flattened above, raised and conspicuous below, intramarginal veins shallowly grooved above, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex or the margin, conspicuous below; petiole green, stout, 1.5 – 2.7 cm long, 4 – 7 mm in diam., not grooved, distinctly transversely rugose, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlets; young leaves brownish red or reddish brown, turning pale green, glossy; fresh leaves tough when crushed; mature leaves turning greenish yellow to pale yellow before falling off; dry leaves pale brown or reddish brown. Inflorescences terminal. Flowers: sepals and petals glabrous. Male flowers not seen. Female flower buds subglobose to globose, 1 – 2 cm in diam. Female flowers solitary or in a cluster of 2 – 5 (– 7) flowers, 3.2 – 5 cm in diam.; bracteoles caducous; pedicel (of a flower in an inflorescence) or peduncle (of a solitary flower) green, stout, terete or slightly 4 - angled, 1 – 2.4 cm long, 5.5 – 8 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green outside, bright red or yellowish red inside, concave, thickly coriaceous, suborbicular, orbicular or broadly elliptic, 1 – 2 × 1 – 2.2 cm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, yellowish red or yellowish pink, somewhat thick and fleshy, suborbicular, broadly elliptic, broadly obovate or broadly ovate, 1.1 – 2.1 × 1.4 – 2.6 cm, unequal, apex rounded, margin entire or irregularly lobed and undulated; staminodes 10 – 18, free, surrounding the ovary; filaments filiform, 2 – 5 × 0.5 – 1.2 mm, unequal; anthers pale yellow or brownish yellow, 1.2 – 1.7 × 1 – 1.4 mm; pistil fungiform, 0.6 – 1.2 cm long; ovary pale green, depressed globose or subglobose, 0.4 – 0.7 × 0.6 – 1.3 cm, glabrous, 4 – 8 - locular; stigma pale yellow, convex, radiate, deeply 4 – 8 - lobed, 1.5 – 3 mm long, 0.7 – 1.2 cm in diam., smooth. Fruits pale green or greenish pale yellow, turning pinkish pale yellow, pink, reddish purple to blackish purple when ripe, smooth, glabrous, with a sticky yellow latex, subglobose or globose, 3.4 – 6.2 × 3.8 – 7 cm, pericarp 0.4 – 1.2 cm thick, reddish purple, fleshy, becoming woody when dry; persistent stigma dark brown or blackish brown, flattened, radiate, deeply 4 – 8 - lobed, 1.4 – 2.5 cm in diam., lobes wedge-shaped; persistent sepals green or green tinged with reddish purple, thickly coriaceous, 1.2 – 2.5 × 1.2 – 2.8 cm, usually larger than in flowering materials; fruiting stalk green, strong and thick, 1.2 – 2.6 cm long, 0.6 – 1.2 cm in diam., glabrous. Seeds 4 – 8, sometimes aborted, brown mottled with irregular lines, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid or semi-ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 2 cm, compressed, rounded at both ends, with a white fleshy pulp.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
E02F6429700E5C22AE5652DA28BDA656.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The native range of this variety is Peninsular Malaysia. Cultivated throughout the tropics, mainly in Southeast Asia.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
E02F6429700E5C22AE5652DA28BDA656.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. It is cultivated throughout the country, especially in the peninsular and the south-eastern regions.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
E02F6429700E5C22AE5652DA28BDA656.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia mangostana is a Latin word, and is derived from the French “ Mangoustan ”, which translated to the English “ Mangostan ”, refers to mangosteen.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta, Thunthawanich, Raweewan (2024): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 244: 175-211, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.126207
