identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9005EB4842388E5748DAFC6103BBF858.text	9005EB4842388E5748DAFC6103BBF858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus Attems 1901	<div><p>Genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901</p><p>Type species: Epanerchodus tambanus Attems, 1901</p><p>All taxa included in the genus are listed in Table 1.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842388E5748DAFC6103BBF858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48423A8E5348DAFAE705EDFCAD.text	9005EB48423A8E5348DAFAE705EDFCAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus latus Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus latus, new species</p><p>Figs 1–2.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eCQ2-1) from China, Chongqing Municipality, Wushan County, Luoping Town, Qinglong Village, Qinglong Dong Cave, 6.VII.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . Paratypes: 3 males, 9 females (SCAU eCQ2-2), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. latus n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) broad paraterga (widths of pro- and metazonae 1.5–1.6 and 3.5–3.6 mm) (Figs 1B– C); (2) gonopodal femorite with a finger-shaped process distally and a semi-circular process medially; (3) endomere tip unequally bifid; (4) endomere carrying a strongly curved subapical lobe (Fig. 2).</p><p>The new species is similar to E. stylotarseus (from caves in Guizhou, China), but is distinguished by (1) caudolateral corners of paraterga being faintly acute-angled (Fig. 1B) vs. strongly triangular in E. stylotarseus (Fig. 22); (2) endomere ribbon-shaped, strongly curved (Fig. 2) vs. subspiniform and suberect in E. stylotarseus (Fig. 23).</p><p>Description: Based on type specimens. Lengths of body ca 23–25 mm (males), 27–28 mm (females); widths of pro- and metazonae 1.5–1.6 and 3.5–3.6 mm (males), 2.0–2.2 and 4.0– 4.2 mm (females). Coloration: in alcohol nearly pallid. Only mouthparts light grey-brown and gonopodal telopodites yellowish (Fig. 1). Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;&lt; collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;3 &lt;4 &lt;5–13, thereafter (rings 14–19) body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: only clypeus densely pilose, vertex smooth, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 1A). Antennae long, reaching past posterior margin of ring 3 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Figs 1A– B). Exoskeleton: Collum with subrectangular caudolateral corners and a faint lateral incision/denticle on each side. Paraterga broad (Figs 1A–E), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 2.3x width of prozonite. Paraterga 2–5 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 1B). Caudolateral corners of paraterga posterior to collum increasingly acute-angled and projecting posteriorly past tergal margin, especially acute on rings 17–19 (Figs 1B–C). Integument shining (Fig. 1), translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow, shallow and smooth (Fig. 1B). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows (Fig. 1B). Tergal setae very short, sometimes present only on collum and rings 18–19. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively (Figs 1B–C). Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae absent. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions (both axial and transverse) shallow (Fig. 1A). Legs long and slender, about 2.0 times as long as body ring height in both sexes, without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally (Fig. 1A). Gonopods: (Figs 1D, 2A–B) Coxa large and squarish, as usual. Prefemur densely setose and nearly half the length of telopodite. Clivus (cl), or distolateral ridge on femorite, prominent; femorite with a curved finger-shaped process (p1) distally and a smaller semi-circular process (p2) medially. Endomere (en) strongly curved, tip unequally bifid, with a small, subapical, curved lobe (l). Seminal groove (sg) starting mesally, distally recurved laterad near base of p1, then turning laterobasad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus on lateral face. An exomere absent.</p><p>Notes: Based on the long slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, the species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the broad paraterga; masculine adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48423A8E5348DAFAE705EDFCAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48423F8E5E48DAFF740464FEB5.text	9005EB48423F8E5E48DAFF740464FEB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus tujiaphilus Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus tujiaphilus, new species</p><p>Figs 3–4.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eHN2-1) from China, Hunan Province, Longshan County, Huoyan Village, Tujiamei Dong Cave, 2.VII.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . Paratypes: 4 males, 9 females (SCAU eHN2-2), same data as the holotype . 2 males (SCAU eHN3-1) same data as the holotype, but from different cave: Wulong Dong Cave; 7 males, 14 females (SCAU eHN4-1), 1 male, 1 female (ZMUM), same data as the holotype, but from different cave: Panlong Dong Cave; 3.VII.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . 3 males (SCAU eHN5-1) same data as the holotype, but from different cave: Feng Dong Cave, 30.VI.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Xinhui Wang and Mingruo Tang.</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. tujiaphiulus n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) caudolateral corners of paraterga posterior to collum strongly acute (Fig. 3A–E); (2) gonopodal prefemur robust, about 2/3 as long as telopodite; (3) endomere tip unequally bifid; (4) exomere long and spiniform (Fig. 4).</p><p>The new species is close to E. varius (from caves in Sichuan, Hubei and Chongqing, China), but is distinguished by (1) the strongly reduced gonopodal femorite devoid of any outgrowths (Fig. 4A) vs. with a spine in E. varius (Fig. 25); (2) gonopod with a clearly longer exomere and a broader endomere (Fig. 4) vs. a much shorter exomere and a slenderer endomere in E. varius (Fig. 25).</p><p>Description: Based on type specimens. Lengths of body ca 18–22 mm (males) or 20–28 mm (females), widths of pro- and metazonae 1.5–1.8 and 2.8–3.2 mm (males) or 1.6–2.0 and 3.0– 3.2 mm (females). Coloration: in alcohol nearly pallid to light yellowish. Mouthparts light grey-brown, gonopodal telopodites yellowish. Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;&lt; collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;3 &lt;4 &lt;5–13, thereafter body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: densely pilose, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 3C). Antennae long and slender, reaching past anterior margin of ring 4 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Figs 3B–C). Exoskeleton: Collum transversely semi-lunar, with an evident lateral incision on each side (Fig. 3C). Paraterga evident (Fig. 3A–C), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 1.8x width of prozonite. Paraterga 2–7 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 3B). Caudolateral corners of paraterga posterior to collum strongly acute, clearly projecting posteriorly past tergal margin. Anterior margin of metaterga bordered and forming a distinct shoulder (Figs 3A–E). Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae broad and smooth (Figs 3A–D). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae visible, short. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct long, tip concave, pre-apical lateral papillae evident (Figs 3D–E). Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae absent. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions shallow (Fig. 3C). Legs long and slender, about 2.0–2.2 times as long as body ring height in both sexes, without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally (Fig. 3C). Gonopods: subfalcate (Figs 3F, 4A–B). Prefemur densely setose and robust, about 2/3 as long as telopodite. Femorite strikingly short, about 1/5 as long as telopodite. Endomere (en) ribbon-shaped, tip unequally bifid, longest branch only slightly longer than a spiniform, simple exomere (ex). A single, prominent, digitiform process (p) at base of, and about half as long as, endomere. Seminal groove (sg) starting mesally, recurved laterad at base of ex, then turning laterobasad to run into an accessory seminal chamber.</p><p>Note: Based on the long slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, the species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: Derived from the local tribe Tujia (± ẎŔ) that populates the area and the Greek “philos”, meaning “liking”; masculine adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48423F8E5E48DAFF740464FEB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB4842318E5C48DAFE88037BFA02.text	9005EB4842318E5C48DAFE88037BFA02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus jiangxiensis Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus jiangxiensis, new species</p><p>Figs 5–7.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eJX1-1) from China, Jiangxi Province, Lianhua County, Gaotan Village, Shuilian Dong Cave, 17.X.2013, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin and Yanjing Wang . Paratypes: 5 males, 8 females (SCAU eJX1-2), 1 male, 1 female (ZMUM), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adults of E. jiangxiensis n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species by the presence of 4– 5 and 5–6 lateral incisions/denticles at the lateral margin on the poreless and pore-bearing paraterga, respectively vs. 3–4 in all other continental Chinese Epanerchodus .</p><p>Several polydesmid species from Japan (mainly in caves in Kyushu and Shikoku) that formerly composed the genus Prionomatis Miyosi, 1956 are known to show abundant lateral incisions on the paraterga (&gt; 4) and densely setose metaterga. Based to gonopodal structure alone, Prionomatis has since been synonymized with Epanerchodus (Golovatch 1991) . The new species differs readily from any of the ex- Prionomatis by lacking tergal setae and in the gonopod featuring an unusually prominent hairy pulvillus.</p><p>Description: Lengths of both sexes ca 22–25 mm, widths of pro- and metazonae 1.8–2.0 and 3.6–4.0 mm.</p><p>Coloration: in alcohol generally pallid to light yellowish. Mouthparts light grey-brown and gonopodal telopodites yellowish (Fig. 6). Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;&lt; collum &lt;ring 3 &lt;2 = 4 &lt;5–12, thereafter body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: only clypeus densely pilose, vertex smooth, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 5A). Antennae long and slender, reaching past posterior margin of ring 4 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Figs 5A–C). Exoskeleton: Collum inverted-subtrapeziform, with a faint lateral incision on each side. Paraterga broad (Fig. 5), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 2.0x width of prozonite. Paraterga on collum and rings 2–6 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 5). Caudolateral corners of paraterga clearly projecting posteriorly past tergal margin and strongly acute on rings 16–19. Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow and shallow. Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous, polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae very short, sometimes present only on collum and ring 19. Paraterga 2–4 with three obvious incisions at lateral margin, thereafter poreless and pore-bearing paraterga with 4– 5 and 5–6 faint incisions at lateral margin, respectively; no visible setae at incisions (Figs 5B, D, F). Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae small, present only on ring 2. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions deep (Figs 5A, E). Legs long and slender, about 2.0–2.2 (males) or 1.5–1.6 (females) times as long as body ring height, without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally. Gonopods: subfalcate (Figs 6–7). Prefemur densely setose and nearly half the length of telopodite, with a clear groove/gutter (g) in mesal view. Femorite with a large, subcircular, dorsal lobe (k). Endomere (en) tip unciform, longer than a simple spiniform exomere (ex). A prominent digitiform process (p) at base of, and about half as long as, en. Seminal groove (sg) starting mesally and distally recurved laterad at base of ex and p, then laterobasad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus.</p><p>Notes: Based on the long, slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, the species is most likely a troglobite. The discovery of E. jiangxiensis n. sp. in a cave in Jiangxi, which is far from southern Japan where presumably the most similar congeners occur (= ex- Prionomatis), is very interesting biogeographically.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the location of the type locality in the Jiangxi Province; masculine adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842318E5C48DAFE88037BFA02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB4842338E5A48DAFA0302D8FE1D.text	9005EB4842338E5A48DAFA0302D8FE1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus coniger Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus coniger, new species</p><p>Figs 8–9.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eGZ6-1) from China, Guizhou Province, Bijie City, Zhijin County, Chengguan Town, Dongshan Village, Houshan Dong Cave, 12.VII.2013, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin and Sunbin Huang . Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (SCAU eGZ6-1), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. coniger n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) sterna with a sharp cone near each coxa (Fig. 8E); (2) gonopod simple, with its clivus (a ridge on femorite) being very short and rounded; (3) endomere with a very small, nubbin-shaped, lateral, parabasal process and with two subapical denticles (Fig. 9).</p><p>The former character is similar to that observed in E. soror (from caves in Yunnan, China). However, E. coniger n. sp. is distinguished by the head being narrower than the collum (Fig. 8A) vs. head broader than collum in E. soror (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Description: Based on type specimens. Lengths of body ca 20 mm (males) or 22 mm (female), widths of pro- and metazonae 1.3 and 2.3 mm (males) or 1.8 and 2.6 mm (female). Coloration: in alcohol generally nearly pallid to light yellow-brownish. Mouthparts light grey-brown and gonopodal telopodites yellowish. Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;collum &lt;rings 2–4 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7–16, thereafter body gradually tapering posteriorly towards telson. Head: densely pilose, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 8B). Antennae long, reaching past anterior margin of ring 4 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Figs 8A–B). Exoskeleton: Collum fan-shaped, with a lateral incision on each side. Paraterga evident (Figs 8A–E), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 1.6x width of prozonite. Paraterga on collum, rings 2–8 and 16–18 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat. Caudolateral corners of paraterga strongly acute, always projecting posteriorly past tergal margin (Figs 8A, C, D). Anterior margin of metaterga broadered in posterior part of body, forming a shoulder (Figs 8A, C, D). Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae evident, broad and smooth (Fig. 8C). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae mostly visible, short. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin, located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct tip slightly concave, pre-apical lateral papillae evident (Figs 8D–E). Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae small, present only on rings 2 and 3. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions shallow, with a small, but evident, sharp cone located mesocaudally to each coxa in both sexes, cones being slightly longer near posterior coxae (Fig. 8E). Legs long and slender (Figs 8D–E), about 2.0 times as long as body ring height in both sexes, devoid of sphaerotrichomes, prefemora not bulging laterally. Gonopods: simple (Figs 8F, 9). Telopodite subfalcate. Prefemur densely setose and robust, about 2/3 as long as telopodite. Clivus (cl) very short and rounded. Endomere (en) at base with a very small, nubbin-like, lateral process (p). Tip of en sharp, with two subapical denticles on dorsal side. Seminal groove starting mesally, then recurving laterad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus. An exomere absent.</p><p>Note: Based on the long and slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, this species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the sterna showing a sharp cone near each coxa; noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842338E5A48DAFA0302D8FE1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB4842358E5848DAFAE80203FA09.text	9005EB4842358E5848DAFAE80203FA09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus parvus Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus parvus, new species</p><p>Figs 10–11.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eGZ7-1) from China, Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture, Cenggong County, Pingzhuang Town, Wanfuchangcheng Dong Cave, 29.VI.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . Paratypes: 8 males, 20 females (SCAU eGZ7-2), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. parvus n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) body small (ca 13–16 mm); (2) collum broader than head (Fig. 10A); (3) gonopodal clivus broadly triangular; (4) endomere at base with a small, digitiform, lateral process (p), while its tip beak-shaped and denticulate near apex (Fig. 11).</p><p>The former character is similar to that observed in E. gladiatus n. sp., E. chutou n. sp. (both from caves in Guizhou, China) and E. fuscus (from Yunnan, China). However, E. parvus n. sp. is distinguished not only in gonopodal structural details, but also by the narrower body: widths of pro- and metazonae 0.8–1.0 and 1.3–1.5 mm vs. clearly broader in E. gladiatus n. sp., E. chutou n. sp. and E. fuscus: widths of pro- and metazonae 1.2–1.3 and 2.5–3.0, 1–1.2 and 2.0, and 2.3 and 4.0 mm, respectively.</p><p>Description: Based on type specimens. Lengths of body ca 13.5–15.5 mm (males) or 15–17 mm (females), widths of pro- and metazonae 0.8–1.0 and 1.3–1.5 mm (males) or 1.01–1.2 and 1.7–1.8 mm (females). Coloration: in alcohol generally pallid. Mouthparts and gonopodal telopodites light yellowish. Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: collum &lt;head = rings 2–3 &lt;4 &lt;5–15, thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson. Head: clypeus densely pilose, vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 10B). Antennae long, reaching behind posterior margin of ring 3 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Figs. 10A, B, G). Exoskeleton: Collum fanshaped, with a lateral incision on each side (Fig. 10A). Paraterga narrow (Fig. 10), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 1.5x width of prozonite. Paraterga on collum and rings 2–4 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat. From ring 10 on, caudolateral corners of paraterga increasingly acuteangled, sharper and pointed on rings 15–19 (Fig. 10D). Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow, shallow and smooth. Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous, polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae invisible. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae small, present only on ring 2. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions shallow. Legs long and slender (Fig. 10), about 2.0–2.2 times as long as body ring height in both sexes, without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally. Gonopods: slender (Fig. 11). Telopodite mostly suberect. Prefemur densely setose and nearly half the length of telopodite. Clivus (cl) broadly triangular. Endomere (en) tip beak-shaped, denticulate near apex. Endomere at base with a small, digitiform, lateral process (p). Seminal groove starting mesally, then recurving laterad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus. An exomere absent.</p><p>Note: Because of the long slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, this species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the small size of this species; masculine adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842358E5848DAFAE80203FA09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB4842378E4748DAFA070242FE77.text	9005EB4842378E4748DAFA070242FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus gladiatus Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus gladiatus, new species</p><p>Figs 12–13.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eGZ13-1) from China, Guizhou Province, Wuchuan County, Huangdu Town, Gaodong Village, Yinshi Dong Cave, 29.VII.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian and Jingli Cheng . Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females (SCAU eGZ13-1), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. gladiatus n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) body small (ca 15–17 mm long); (2) gonopod suberect and slender; (3) endomere sword-shaped, with a small, rounded, ventral bump (a) and a prominent, digitiform, mesal process (p) at base (Fig. 13).</p><p>This new species is similar to E. chutou n. sp. (from a cave in Guizhou, China) in the endomere showing a basal outgrowth and a missing exomere. However, E. gladiatus n. sp. is distinguished by the endomere being sword-shaped, with a small, rounded, ventral bump (a) (Fig. 13) vs. endomere hoe-shaped, with a slender, spiniform, basal process (a) in E. chutou n. sp. (Fig. 15).</p><p>Description: Based on type specimens. Lengths of both sexes ca 15–17 mm, widths of pro- and metazonae 1.2– 1.3 mm and 2.5–3.0 mm. Coloration: in alcohol generally pallid. Mouthparts and gonopodal telopodites light yellowish. Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;&lt; collum &lt;ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 &lt;5–15, thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson. Head: clypeus densely pilose, vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 12B). Antennae long, reaching behind posterior margin of ring 3 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate (Fig. 12). Exoskeleton: Collum fan-shaped, with a lateral incision on each side. Paraterga evident (Fig. 12), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 2.1x width of prozonite. Paraterga on collum and rings 2–7 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 12). Caudolateral corners of paraterga increasingly acute-angled, especially strongly projecting posteriorly past tergal margin on rings 17–19 (Fig. 12A). Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow, shallow and smooth. Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous, polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae very short, present sometimes only on collum, ring 2 and ring 19.Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae small, present only on ring 2. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions shallow. Legs long and slender, about 2.2–2.5 times as long as body ring height in both sexes, without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally. Gonopods: slender (Fig. 13). Telopodite linear, erect. Prefemur densely setose, about half as long as telopodite. Clivus (cl) a small bump. Endomere (en) slender, sword-shaped, broadened at midway and distally, but constricted between. Endomere apex subacuminate, with a small, rounded, ventral bump (a) and a prominent, digitiform, mesal process (p) at base. Seminal groove starting mesally, then recurving laterad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus. An exomere absent.</p><p>Note: Due to the long and slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, this species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the endomere being sword-shaped; masculine adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842378E4748DAFA070242FE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48422B8E4548DAFF7403A8FDF1.text	9005EB48422B8E4548DAFF7403A8FDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus chutou Liu & Golovatch 2018	<div><p>Epanerchodus chutou, new species</p><p>Figs 14–15.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (SCAU eGZ12-1) from China, Guizhou Province, Shiqian County, Feng Dong Cave, 1.VIII.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian and Jingli Cheng . Paratype: 1 male (SCAU eGZ12-2), same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis: Adult males of E. chutou n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species based on the following combination of characters: (1) body small (ca 15–16 mm long); (2) gonopodal telopodite falcate; (3) endomere hoe-shaped, folded at edge, with a slender, spiniform, basal process (a) and a short, digitiform, lateral process (p) at base (Fig. 15).</p><p>This new species is similar to E. gladiatus n. sp. (from a cave in Guizhou, China) in the endomere showing a basal outgrowth and a missing exomere. However, E. chutou n. sp. is distinguished by the endomere being hoeshaped, with a slender, spiniform, basal process (a) (Fig. 15) vs. endomere sword-shaped, with a small, rounded, ventral bump (a) in E. gladiatus n. sp. (Fig. 13).</p><p>Description: Based on male type specimens. Lengths of body ca 16 (holotype) or 15 mm (paratype), widths of pro- and metazonae 1.2 and 2.0 mm (holotype), 1.1 and 2.0 mm (paratype). Coloration: generally nearly pallid to light yellowish in alcohol. Mouthparts and gonopodal telopodites grey-brownish. Body: Adults with 20 rings. Width: head &lt;collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;3 &lt;4 &lt;5–14, thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson. Head: densely pilose, epicranial suture conspicuous (Fig. 14B). Antennae long, reaching behind posterior margin of ring 3 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate. Exoskeleton: Collum fan-shaped, with a lateral incision on each side. Paraterga evident (Fig. 14), midbody paraterga extend metatergite to ca 1.8x width of prozonite. Paraterga on collum and rings 2–4 clearly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, other paraterga flat (Fig. 14C). Caudolateral corners of paraterga strongly acute and always projecting posteriorly past tergal margin (Fig. 14A). Integument shining, translucent, prozonae very delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate. Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow, shallow and smooth. Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of setigerous, polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows. Tergal setae short, sometimes present only on collum and ring 2. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and pore-bearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions. Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae. Pleurosternal carinae absent. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions shallow. Legs long and slender, about 2.0 times as long as body ring height (male), without sphaerotrichomes or sternal cones, prefemora not bulging laterally. (Fig. 14). Gonopods: (Fig. 15) Coxa large. Telopodite falcate. Prefemur densely setose and robust, about 2/3 as long as telopodite. Clivus (cl) short. Endomere (en) hoe-shaped, folded at edge, with a slender, spiniform, basal process (a). A short, digitiform, lateral process (p) near en base. Seminal groove starting mesally, then recurving laterad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus. An exomere absent.</p><p>Note: Due to the long slender antennae and legs, and a depigmented cuticle, this species is most likely a troglobite.</p><p>Etymology: To emphasize the gonopod resembling a hoe, in Chinese “ chutou ” (Ñẋ); noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48422B8E4548DAFF7403A8FDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48422D8E4048DAF94604C4F993.text	9005EB48422D8E4048DAF94604C4F993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus lipsae Golovatch & Geoffroy 2014	<div><p>Epanerchodus lipsae Golovatch &amp; Geoffroy, 2014</p><p>Figs 18–19.</p><p>Epanerchodus lipsae Golovatch and Geoffroy, 2014: 102, figs 17–20, map 3.</p><p>Material examined: 6 males, 8 females (SCAU) from China, Sichuan Province, Mianyang City, Beichuan County, Xunlongshan Mountain, Wolong Dong Cave, 15.VII.2014 ; 8 males, 26 females (SCAU) from the same county, Yuanwang Dong Cave, 16.VII.2014 ; 10 males, 19 females (SCAU) from Sichuan Province, Jiangyou City, Hanzeng Town, Shuimen Dong Cave, 19.VII.2014, colls: Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang.</p><p>Notes: This species is diagnosed by the gonopod showing a peg-shaped exomere (ex) and a ribbon-shaped endomere (en). The endomere has an axe-shaped mesal process (p) and a long, flagelli- or spiniform process (a) at its base (Fig. 19). Epanerchodus lipsae has been described from a few caves in Jiangyou and Beichuan counties in northeastern Sichuan Province. The material examined here comes from several additional caves and agrees with the original description in morphological characters (Golovatch &amp; Geoffroy 2014); only the body length is more variable in these specimens: ca 16–28 vs. 22–26 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48422D8E4048DAF94604C4F993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48422F8E4048DAF9B704AAF87B.text	9005EB48422F8E4048DAF9B704AAF87B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus soror Geoffroy & Golovatch 2004	<div><p>Epanerchodus soror Geoffroy &amp; Golovatch, 2004</p><p>Figs 20–21.</p><p>Epanerchodus soror Geoffroy and Golovatch, 2004: 23, figs 9–15.</p><p>Epanerchodus soror— Golovatch, 2014a: 275, 286.</p><p>Material examined: 1 male, 18 females (SCAU) from China, Yunnan Province, Zhenxiong County, Hama Dong Cave, 23.VI.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Xinhui Wang and Mingruo Tang.</p><p>Notes: This species has been described from several caves in Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province. The new material was collected from another cave in the same county. The new material agrees closely with the original description (Geoffroy and Golovatch 2004), but the gonopodal endomere is more strongly curved (Fig. 21) vs. suberect in the earlier documented material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48422F8E4048DAF9B704AAF87B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB48422E8E4F48DAF932056AFD11.text	9005EB48422E8E4F48DAF932056AFD11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus stylotarseus Chen & Zhang 1990	<div><p>Epanerchodus stylotarseus Chen &amp; Zhang, 1990</p><p>Figs 22–23.</p><p>Epanerchodus stylotarseus Chen and Zhang, 1990: 406, figs 1–6.</p><p>Epanerchodus stylotarseus— Golovatch et al., 2007: 87, fig. 27; 2012: 134, figs 10–11; Golovatch, 2014a: 275, 287. Material examined: 9 males, 3 females (SCAU) from China, Guizhou Province, Liupangshui City, Pan County, Banqiao Town, Houshan Dong Cave, 8.VII.2013; 3 males (SCAU) from the same town, Da Dong Cave, 8.VII.2013; 5 males, 4 females (SCAU) from the same town, Biyun Dong Cave, 9.VII.2013, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin and Sunbin Huang. 3 males, 2 females (SCAU) from Guizhou Province, Ceheng County, Rongdu Village, Qiaoxia Dong Cave, 26.XII.2012, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Feifei Sun and Haomin Yin. 3 males, 1 female (SCAU) from the same village, Hetou Dong Cave, 20.VI.2015; 3 males, 1 female (SCAU) from Xingren County, Chunzhai Village, Yingtao Dong Cave, 21.VI.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Xinhui Wang and Mingruo Tang. 2 males, 3 females (SCAU) from Guizhou Province, Liupanshui City, Shuicheng County, Yushe Town, Dishui Dong Cave, 5.VIII.2015; 2 males, 3 females (SCAU) from Pan County, Dashan Dong Cave, 6.VIII.2015; 5 males, 13 females (SCAU) from Pan County, Shenyun Dong Cave, 6.VIII.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian and Jingli Cheng.</p><p>Notes: This species has been recorded from four caves in Guanling County, Guizhou Province. The new material was collected from caves in the same province, but in its southwestern part. The new specimens agree closely with the original description (Chen and Zhang 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB48422E8E4F48DAF932056AFD11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
9005EB4842208E4A48DAF94A0773F894.text	9005EB4842208E4A48DAF94A0773F894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epanerchodus varius (Geoffroy & Golovatch 2004)	<div><p>Epanerchodus varius (Geoffroy &amp; Golovatch, 2004)</p><p>Figs 24–25.</p><p>Usbekodesmus varius Geoffroy and Golovatch, 2004: 25, figs 23–28.</p><p>Epanerchodus varius — Golovatch, 2014a: 275, 287; Golovatch and Geoffroy, 2014: 101, map 3.</p><p>Material examined: 20 males, 20 females (SCAU) from China, Hubei Province, Lichuan City, Liangwu Town, Panlong Village, Zhakou Dong Cave, 4.VII.2014 ; 3 males, 5 females (SCAU) from the same village, Shuilian Dong Cave, 4.VII.2014; 5 males, 6 females (SCAU) from the same village, Panlong Dong Cave, 5.VII.2014; 1 male, 2 females (SCAU) from Hubei Province, Enshi City, Biaoqiao Town, Yaner Dong Cave, 5.VII.2014 ; 5 males, 11 females (SCAU) from Hubei Province, Yichang City, Changyang County, Liangping Town, Yuquan Dong Cave, 7.VII.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . 1 male, 4 females (SCAU) from China, Chongqing Municipality, Fengjie County, Xinglong Town, Fengdongzi Cave, 5.VII.2014 ; 2 males, 5 females (SCAU) from Xinglong Town, Taoyuan Village, Tiziwan Dong Cave, 7.VII.2014, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Haomin Yin, Sunbin Huang and Xinhui Wang . 4 males, 1 female (SCAU) from Chongqing, Wulong County, Huangying Village, Xiao Dong Cave, 28.VI.2015 ; 4 males, 40 females (SCAU) from Huangying Village, Qimenxia, I Dong Cave, 28.VI.2015 ; 6 males, 7 females (SCAU) from Chongqing, Pengshui County, Longxi Town, Suidao Dong Cave, 29.VI.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu, Xinhui Wang and Mingruo Tang . 8 males, 2 females (SCAU) from Chongqing, Wuxi County, Huangjinping Village, Da Dong Cave, 8.XI.2015 ; 3 males, 1 female (SCAU) from Chongqing, Fengjie County, Longqiao Village, Changtian Dong Cave, 9.XI.2015 ; 5 males, 5 females (SCAU) from Longqiao Village, Yunlong Dong Cave, 9.XI.2015 ; 2 males, 2 females (SCAU) from Fengjie County, Xinglong Town, Sanqiao Village, Yeren Dong Cave, 9.XI.2015, colls: Mingyi Tian, Sunbin Huang, Xinhui Wang and Mingruo Tang.</p><p>Notes: This species has been found in numerous caves in western Hubei and northeastern Sichuan provinces, both areas showed a considerable gap between. However, some of the new samples were collected from caves in Chongqing Municipality, thereby closing the gap and illustrating that the distribution of this species is wider and more continuous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9005EB4842208E4A48DAF94A0773F894	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Weixin;Golovatch, Sergei	Liu, Weixin, Golovatch, Sergei (2018): The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in continental China, with descriptions of seven new cavernicolous species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae). Zootaxa 4459 (1): 53-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.2
