identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
91298787FFE98D6587FACCBAFE983269.text	91298787FFE98D6587FACCBAFE983269.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwaita Mohammad 1973	<div><p>Genus Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Kuwaita magna Mohammad, 1973 by original designation.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — The genus Kuwaita is widely distributed in tropical and warm temperate waters. It is currently known from the Indo-Pacific, the Persian Gulf to the Sea of Japan and from western Mexico, but it is likely to inhabit also other warm and temperate seas.</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — Three small antennae in the nuchal fold. Parapodia subbiramous; notopodia represented by dorsal cirri and notoaciculae. Setae of two types: limbate capillary setae and simple multidentate hooded hooks. Posterior segments with nephridial papillae, emerging from the body wall not from the parapodia; branchia in anterodorsal position on the body wall. Maxillary apparatus of labidognath type, with five pairs of maxillae; maxillae II shorter than maxillae I (about half in length) with broad sclerotized connecting plates, maxillae IV unidentate, maxillae V free from maxillae IV. Mandibles free from each other along most of their length.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Examination of materials of Kuwaita magna, Lumbriconereis heteropoda Marenzeller, 1879, Ninoe dolicognatha Rioja, 1941, Lumbriconereis papillifera Fauvel, 1918 and Lumbrineris ? notocirrata sensu Gallardo 1968 showed that these species form a very homogeneous set. It is therefore considered justified to expand the diagnosis of Kuwaita to include all these species.</p> <p>Mohammad (1973) diagnosed Kuwaita based on the presence of antennae and on the development of dorsal cirri as found in the type species. We do not assign diagnostic value at the generic level to the degree of development of dorsal cirri because there is a wide variation of this character; we found it ranging from elongated in posterior segments of K. magna to button-like throughout the body in K. heteropoda (Marenzeller, 1879) n. comb.</p> <p>The genus is characterized by: 1) maxillary apparatus with maxillae II shorter than maxillae I and with broad connecting plates sclerotized (along the base of maxillae II). Among lumbrinerids, only Eranno has a similar characteristic, but with narrow connecting plates (just a small anterior part in the base of maxilla II); 2) branchiae on posterior segments in dorsal position (not associated with parapodia). Other lumbrinerids, Cenogenus Chamberlin, 1919 and Ninoe have branchiae but they are associated with the postsetal lobe on anterior segment; these branchiae are not homologous with those of Kuwaita; 3) nephridial papillae on posterior segments emerging from the body wall, not from the parapodia. No other genus of Lumbrineridae has this character. Some lumbrinerids have a “swell” in the same position; they are only seen in mature worms and eggs are released through them (LFCP pers. obs.); 4) antennae, this character is also present in Augeneria Monro, 1930, Cenogenus and Lysarete.</p> <p>The first three characters (maxillae II shorter than maxillae I with broad connecting plates, dorsal branchiae on the body wall, and nephridial papillae) are diagnostic to Kuwaita and separate the genus from other lumbrinerids. Discussion of the polarity of these characters and of phylogenetic relationships among lumbrinerid genera is beyond the scope of this article.</p> <p>Salazar-Vallejo (1989) suggested to erect a new genus to group three Ninoe species described by Rioja (1941) from western Mexico: N. dolicognatha, N. moorei and N. spinosa. The first is shown here to belong to Kuwaita, the position of N. moorei and N. spinosa is uncertain; the types of these species are apparently lost (Caso-Muñoz pers. comm.) and there are no other known materials.</p> <p>Lumbriconereis notocirrata Fauvel, 1932 probably belongs to Kuwaita, unfortunately the available material in the MNHN (Collection P. Fauvel, Vizayapatan, India) is only a posterior end with 80 setigers. It agrees with the typical characters of the genus (nephridial papillae in ventral position and dorsal branchial lobe), but because the maxillary apparatus could not be studied, the species is not included in this group.</p> <p>Examination of specimens reported by Gallardo (1968) as “ Lumbrineris ? notocirrata ” showed that they belong to a presumably undescribed species of Kuwaita.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91298787FFE98D6587FACCBAFE983269	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carrera-Parra, Luis F.;Orensanz, José M.	Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Orensanz, José M. (2002): Revision of Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae). Zoosystema 24 (2): 273-281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402329
91298787FFE88D6587FECCACFC2434CF.text	91298787FFE88D6587FECCACFC2434CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwaita magna Mohammad 1973	<div><p>Kuwaita magna Mohammad, 1973</p> <p>(Fig. 1A, B)</p> <p>Kuwaita magna Mohammad, 1973: 34-36, figs 6, 7.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kuwait. Sulaibikhat, intertidal, sand-mud flat, 29°18’N, 47°53’E, 25.IV.1969, M.-B. M. Mohammad coll., holotype (BMNH ZB 1971.50).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the type locality in Kuwait, Persian Gulf, intertidal flats.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>The specimen is in two pieces, adding up to c. 370 setigers and a length of c. 400 mm. Three antennae hidden under the nuchal fold. Notopodia ovoid with notoaciculae. Simple multidentate hooded hooks beginning around setiger 50. Ventral limbate setae present through setigers 58-59. Dorsal limbate setae displaced to a subdorsal position around setiger 68. Pygidium with four subequal anal cirri. Nephridial papillae poorly developed in mid-anterior segments, then developing gradually towards posterior end (Fig. 1A). In middle and posterior segments a small branchia is present on anterior, dorsal surface of each segment. Maxillary carriers slightly shorter than maxillae I; maxillae I with welldeveloped bridles; maxillae II with four to five teeth, c. half the length of maxillae I; the two are interconnected on each side by a wide connecting plate; maxillae III bidentate; maxillae IV unidentate; maxillae V rounded to subtriangular, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 1B).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91298787FFE88D6587FECCACFC2434CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carrera-Parra, Luis F.;Orensanz, José M.	Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Orensanz, José M. (2002): Revision of Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae). Zoosystema 24 (2): 273-281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402329
91298787FFE88D6385C2CAD8FDB034CF.text	91298787FFE88D6385C2CAD8FDB034CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwaita dolicognatha (Rioja 1941)	<div><p>Kuwaita dolicognatha (Rioja, 1941) n. comb.</p> <p>(Fig. 1 C-E)</p> <p>Ninoe dolicognatha Rioja, 1941: 722, 723, pl. 7, figs 9- 15, pl. 8, figs 1-5.</p> <p>Ninoe dolichognatha [sic] – Fauchald 1970: 115, 116, pl. 19, figs f-k.</p> <p>Lumbriconereis branchiata Fauvel, 1943: 22-24, fig. 2a-g.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Mexico. La Paz, Baja California Sur, intertidal sandy beach, 25. VI.1979, J. Turrubiantes coll., 2 specimens. — Estero de Urías, Sinaloa, 23°12’N, 106°23’W, 0.3 m, I.1979, A. Rutgers coll., 2 specimens (EMU-477).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Pacific coast of Mexico, from the northern end of the Gulf of California to Acapulco, in sandy beaches.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>One of the specimens is in excellent condition, complete, c. 255 mm long, 2 mm maximum width without parapodia, consisting of c. 435 setigers. Three antennae hidden under the nuchal fold. Notopodia small, button-like, with notoaciculae. Simple multidentate hooded hooks starting on setiger one (Fig. 1C); ventral fascicle of limbate setae present in setigers 1-36(39); dorsal fascicle of limbate setae displaced to a subdorsal position posterior to setiger 43-50, continuing in this position to posterior end of body. Pygidium with four subequal anal cirri. Nephridial papillae beginning on segments 45-55, as minute flat lobe; first on first 7-14 setigers, then irregularly bilobed or unilobed, but number of lobes consistently increasing towards posterior end, reaching a maximum of four in mid-posterior segments; absent from last 10-11 segments (Fig. 1D). Around setiger 90 a small branchia visible on anterior, dorsal surface of each segment; simple throughout, disappearing in last 30-35 setigers. Maxillae as typical of the genus; maxillary carriers slightly shorter than maxillae I; maxillae I with well-developed bridles; maxillae II with five to six teeth, shorter than maxillae I (half their length), connected to them by well-developed connecting plates; maxillae III bidentate; maxillae IV unidentate and maxillae V relatively small, sclerotized (Fig. 1E).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The type material is now lost; the specimens used for this description were collected close to the type locality. Fauvel (1943) described the species L. branchiata from western Mexico (Gulf of California), Fauchald (1970) considered it as a synonym of N. dolichognatha (sic). The synonymy is herein considered to be valid.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91298787FFE88D6385C2CAD8FDB034CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carrera-Parra, Luis F.;Orensanz, José M.	Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Orensanz, José M. (2002): Revision of Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae). Zoosystema 24 (2): 273-281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402329
91298787FFEE8D60862DCAD8FCB8308F.text	91298787FFEE8D60862DCAD8FCB8308F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuwaita heteropoda (Marenzeller 1879) Carrera-Parra & Orensanz 2002	<div><p>Kuwaita heteropoda (Marenzeller, 1879) n. comb.</p> <p>(Fig. 2A, B)</p> <p>Lumbriconereis heteropoda Marenzeller, 1879: 138, 139, pl. 5: 4, pl. 6: 1. — Moore 1903: 454. — Izuka 1912: 141, 142, pl. 14: 19. — Crossland 1924: 4-9, figs 1-7. — Fauvel 1932: 153; 1939: 338; 1953: 268, 269, fig. 135g-h. — Annenkova 1937: 167. — Wesenberg-Lund 1949: 316, 317 — Uschakov &amp; Wu 1962: 64, pl. 2, figs f, g; 1979: 79, 80, fig. 22g, h. — Uschakov 1965: 220, fig. 79e-k.</p> <p>Lumbrinereis heteropoda – Treadwell 1936: 266.</p> <p>Lumbrineris heteropoda – Imajima &amp; Hartman 1964: 262, 263. — Gallardo 1968: 83, 84, pl. 31, figs 5-10, pl. 32, fig. 1 (part). — Imajima &amp; Higuchi 1975: 28- 30, fig. 11a-m.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Ise Bay, NSMT-Pol 20508.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Indopacific: southern Sakhalin (Annenkova 1937; Uschakov 1965), Japan (Marenzeller 1879; Moore 1903; Izuka 1912; Imajima &amp; Hartman 1964; Imajima &amp; Higuchi 1975), Yellow Sea (Treadwell 1936; Uschakov &amp; Wu 1962, 1979), Viet-Nam (Fauvel 1939; Gallardo 1968), Singapore, India (Fauvel 1932, 1953), Persian Gulf (Wesenberg- Lund 1949), Red Sea (Crossland 1924).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>The specimen examined is posteriorly incomplete, with 196 setigers and c. 200 mm long; maximum width without parapodia is 8 mm. Three antennae, easily detached, deeply hidden in the nuchal fold. Simple multidentate hooded hooks begining on setigers 47-50. Ventral limbate setae present through setiger 58; dorsal limbate setae displaced to a subdorsal position at about setiger 105. Notopodia button-like, with notoaciculae. In median and posterior segments a tiny nephridial papilla is present in ventral position (Fig. 2A), and in dorsal position a small branchial lobe is visible. Maxillary carriers about three quarters the length of maxillae I; maxillae I with well-developed bridles; maxillae II with four teeth each, shorter than maxillae I and connected to them by wide connecting plates; maxillae III bidentate; maxillae IV unidentate; maxillae V rounded, relatively small (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The type material was not available for study, but the specimen described was collected close to the type locality, and the characters of the specimen agree with the original description. Reviewing all the records of K. heteropoda n. comb. is beyond the scope of this study; at least some of them could be different species within the purported geographic range of K. heteropoda n. comb.</p> <p>Kuwaita papillifera (Fauvel, 1918) n. comb. (Fig. 2 C-E)</p> <p>Lumbriconereis papillifera Fauvel, 1918: 508, 509, fig. 4a-h.</p> <p>Lumbrineris papillifera – Day 1967: 442, figs 17.17p-s. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Tulear Récifs, 1 syntype (MNHN 4749), 2 specimens (Fauvel slide collection IEA-C22, IEA-C22’). — Sarodrano, 2 syntypes (MNHN 5023), 1 specimen (Fauvel slide collection IEA-C24).</p> <p>Djibouti. 1 specimen (Fauvel slide collection IEA- D92).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea: Djibouti, Madagascar, South Africa (Natal), and Mozambique.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Complete syntype (MNHN 5023) with 219 setigers, 72 mm long and 1.6 mm wide without parapodia. Prostomium conical, the antennae</p> <p>A B C D</p> <p>are detached, but there are scars under the nuchal fold (antennae could be lost while specimens were handled and dorsally dissected by Fauvel). Parapodia well developed, largest in posterior setigers; all notopodia button-like with notoaciculae. Simple multidentate hooded hooks start on setiger 30 (Fig. 2C). Nephridial papillae unilobed, beginning on setiger 134, absent from the last few setigers (Fig. 2D). In middle and posterior segments a small branchia is present on anterior, dorsal surface of each segment. Pygidium with four anal cirri of similar length. Maxillary carriers slightly shorter than maxillae I; maxillae I with bridles well developed; maxillae II with four to five teeth, shorter than maxillae I (less than half) and connected to them by well-developed connecting plates; maxillae III bidentate; maxillae IV unidentate; maxillae V free, relatively small (Fig. 2E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91298787FFEE8D60862DCAD8FCB8308F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Carrera-Parra, Luis F.;Orensanz, José M.	Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Orensanz, José M. (2002): Revision of Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae). Zoosystema 24 (2): 273-281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402329
