identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9108879BFF85391304C2AFDEFF79FBE8.text	9108879BFF85391304C2AFDEFF79FBE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteropilumnus planus Ng and Lin 2023	<div><p>Heteropilumnus planus Ng and Lin, 2023</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 5A)</p> <p>Heteropilumnus planus Ng &amp; Lin, 2023, p. 102, figs. 1A–C, G, 2–4.</p> <p>Material examined. Dive site lSecret Bayz, Anilao, Batangas, Luzon I., Philippines, 6 m depth, gravelly bottom; 1 ovig.8 (NMCR-92506; cb 10.9 mm, cl 7.3 mm); 30–IX–2018; H. Takakura leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 1A) quadrilateral rather than oval in contour; dorsal surface (Fig. 1A–B) flattened, densely covered with short soft hairs; frontal margin fringed with a row of long club-shaped hairs; anterolateral margin cut into four weakly convex lobes with three small, but distinct notches; external orbital angle poorly developed, confluent with anterior end of first lobe. Chelipeds (Fig. 1A) heavily covered with shaggy hairs of various lengths disguising their details. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 1A) marginally fringed with numerous hairs similar to those of chelipeds; upper surface of last pair covered with short soft hairs similar to those of carapace dorsal surface.</p> <p>Color in life (Fig. 5A). The carapace ground color is more or less pinkish, and the dense hairs of various lengths covering the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs are grayish. Upper surfaces of first three pairs of the ambulatory legs are nearly naked and pinkish creamy with some reddish blurred patterns.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was first identified as</p> <p>Heteropilumnus hirsutior (Lanchester, 1900) characterized by short soft hairs and long club-shaped hairs covering the carapace dorsal surface, chelipeds and ambulatory legs which are well represented by Ng and Tan (1988) and Maenosono (2019). As already pointed by them, the general appearance of this species is close to those of two congeners, Heteropilumnus ciliatus (Stimpson,1858) and H. satriai Yeo, Rahayu and Ng, 2004. In H. hirsutior, the carapace is said to be proportionally wider, and the carapace anterolateral margin is divided into four lobes, the median two of which are weakly toothed and armed with some marginal spinules, differing from the more developed, but unarmed two lobes in H. ciliatus as seen in Maenosono (2019, fig. 2B), and also from the indistinct two lobes margined with spinules in H. satriai. In the ovigerous female examined, both chelipeds are heavily covered with club-shaped hairs of variable lengths.</p> <p>However, very recently, Ng and Lin (2023) described a new Heteropilumnus species from Taiwan, H. planus, based on comparison with the specimens of H. hirsutior from Singapore including the male holotype and one of the specimens from the Ryukyu Islands identified as H. hirsutior by Maenosono (2019). Both species are really similar in the general formation of the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs, but Ng and Lin (2023) recorded the differences in 1) the carapace (higher with the dorsal surface gently convex in frontal view in H. hirsutior / lower, with the dorsal surface distinctly flatter in frontal view in H. planus), 2) the first anterolateral tooth of the carapace (more truncate, and the following teeth separated by deeper clefts in H. hirsutior / more triangular in shape, with the teeth separated by concavities in H. planus), 3) two median lobes of the epistome posterior margin (median lobes forming one triangular structure, joining lateral part as a concavity and separated by a narrow fissure in H. hirsutior / two lobes project downwards, truncate with each margin concave and separated from the lateral part by a prominent V-shaped cleft in H. planus), 4) the chelipeds of the adult male (more or less homochelous, with the granulated outer surface of the major palm in H. hirsutior / heterochelous, with the smooth outer surface of the major palm in H. planus), 5) the ambulatory meri (shorter and stouter in H. hirsutior / relatively longer and more slender in H. planus), 6) the male telson (distinctly more elongate and linguiform in H. hirsutior / more rounded and proportionately shorter in H. planus), and 7) the G1 (uniformly sinuous, with the distal part directed more laterally in H. hirsutior / less sinuous, with the proximal half almost straight and only the distal half curved, with the distal part distinctly hooked downwards in H. planus). All of these differences may be not always clear and specific, indicating the importance of direct comparison of the specimens for definite identification. As regards the present Philippine ovigerous female, only the items 1 (Fig. 1B), 2 (Fig. 1A) and 3 (Fig. 1B) are applicable for comparison with the figures (Figs. 2B–C, E, 4B–E) in the original description of H. planus, and with Fig. 5B–C of H. hirsutior given by Ng and Lin (2023), but as a result, its first identification was changed from H. hirsutior to H. planus, with aid of the good photographs by Ng and Lin (2023).</p> <p>Distribution. The type locality of H. planus is Taiwan, and the closest relative, H. hirsutior is known from Singapore and many local places of Okinawa-jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands. The present record extended the geographical range of H. planus from Taiwan southwards to the Philippines.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9108879BFF85391304C2AFDEFF79FBE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunil, Navami;Unnathpadi, Rajesh;Pullithadathil, Biji	Sunil, Navami, Unnathpadi, Rajesh, Pullithadathil, Biji (2023): Five Subtidal Species of the Family Pilumnidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Philippines, with Comparative Notes on Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020, from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 49 (3): 107-122, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.49.3_107, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4an00641k
9108879BFF87391604FEA89DFCDFFA75.text	9108879BFF87391604FEA89DFCDFFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards 1873	<div><p>Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards, 1873</p> <p>(Figs. 2, 5B)</p> <p>Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, p. 242, pl. 9 fig. 3. — Rathbun, 1910, p. 355, pl. 1 fig. 15. — Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1968, pp. 6 (in key), 30, fig. 7, pl. 2 fig. D.</p> <p>Pilumnus forskalii coerulescens: Balss, 1933, p. 14.</p> <p>Material examined. Dive site “Secret Bay”, Anilao, Batangas, Luzon I., Philippines, 3 m depth, gravelly bottom;1 Ə (NMCR-92507; cb 11.5 mm including lateral spines, cl 14.0 mm); 2-X-2018; H. Takakura leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace dorsal surface (Fig. 2A) strongly convex in both directions, distinctly separated into regions, with a tuft of stiff, long hairs together with some short setae around each granule; anterolateral margin with four teeth including external orbital tooth tipped each with a spiniform spinule; subhepatic region with a stout tooth and some accessory granules. Both chelipeds (Fig. 2A–B) unequal; carpus with scattered conical granules of good sizes fringed and interspaced with short and long setae and hairs; larger palm with conical granules distinctly beaded to some longitudinal lines on outer upper part. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 2A–B) comparatively stout, heavily fringed with stiff hairs of variable lengths on margins.</p> <p>Color in life (Fig. 5B). The carapace surface is dark brownish, making the camouflage strongly effective against the surroundings together with long stiff, grayish hairs. The morphologically close congener, Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020 (Fig. 3) is rather brick red with irregular, darker red speckles on the carapace and cheliped margins.</p> <p>Remarks. This species has only been recorded without comments in most of the old literature. However, the present male specimen from the Philippines agrees well with the description of Pilumnus caerulescens by Takeda and Miyake (1968) in the distinct dorsal areolation of the carapace, the arrangements of tufts of some setae and hairs arising from the bases of granules on the areolae, the four sharp anterolateral teeth tipped each with a horny spinule, and the stout subhepatic tooth associated with some granules.</p> <p>In the male from the Philippines, the hairs covering the carapace are long and dense, making the rough appearance. Takeda and Miyake (1968) mentioned that the tufts of hairs are typically rather sparse, but variable individually. The ambulatory legs are unarmed in the present male, whereas Takeda and Miyake (1968) mentioned that the first three pairs have a small terminal granule on each merus, and usually a very small terminal granule on each carpus. Considering such subtle comments on granules or spinules, the presence or absence of the lsmall terminal granulez of each ambulatory merus and carpus may be also referable to the individual variation.</p> <p>For the comparative study with P. caerulescens, the authors examined three males and one female identified as P. hirsutissimus (1Ə, NSMT-Cr 31481, cb 7.1×cl 5.0 mm; 1Ə, NSMTCr 31482, 8.3× 6.2 mm, Fig. 4B; 1 Ə, NSMT-Cr 31483, 10.2×8.0 mm, Figs. 3, 4A, C–E; 1 8, NSMT-Cr 31484, 13.8×cl 9.6 mm) from Ose-zaki, the northwestern coast of the Izu Penisula in Suruga Bay, Pacific coast of central Honshu, Japan, at 4.5–6.5 m depth. In the original description of P. hirustissimus by Takeda and Komatsu (2020) based on two females and one ovigerous female from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, the species was compared only with P. kempi Deb, 1987, and without comments on P. caerulescens which is also heavily covered with long hairs on the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs. The specimens from Suruga Bay agree well with the type specimens of P. hirsutissimus in the numerous, long hairs completely disguising the details of the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs, and when denuded, the carapace dorsal surface is well sculptured into areolae and covered with sparse small granules (Fig. 4A). The hairs of P. hirsutissimus (Fig. 4A–B) are longer and denser than those of P. caerulescence, and arise singularly around the granules, unlike consisting of tufts which make non-rough appearance as in P. caerulescence (Fig. 2A).</p> <p>The male first gonopod (G1) of the present P. hirsutissimus specimen is fully developed (Fig. 4C–E), and the median part is strongly convex along the sternal surface of the abdominal cavity; the distal beak is short and subtruncated at the tip, without special taxonomic importance. However, the tip of the distal beak of G1 is subtruncated in P. hirsutissimus, whereas it is narrow and sharp in P. caerulescence as illustrated by Takeda and Miyake (1968: fig. 7).</p> <p>Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Indo- West Pacific, from the Andaman Islands to Aus- tralia and New Caledonia, and also from the Gulf of Thailand and Micronesian islands to the Ryukyu Islands. Records from the Philippines include Miers (1886: 155, Mindanao), Balss (1933: 24, Sulu Sea), Estampador (1937: 530, Mindanao), Garth and Kim (1983: 693, south side of Marongas I., vicinity of Jolo, scattered coral, sand).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9108879BFF87391604FEA89DFCDFFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunil, Navami;Unnathpadi, Rajesh;Pullithadathil, Biji	Sunil, Navami, Unnathpadi, Rajesh, Pullithadathil, Biji (2023): Five Subtidal Species of the Family Pilumnidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Philippines, with Comparative Notes on Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020, from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 49 (3): 107-122, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.49.3_107, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4an00641k
9108879BFF823919076EAA3BFF64FB67.text	9108879BFF823919076EAA3BFF64FB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus neglectus Balss 1933	<div><p>Pilumnus neglectus Balss, 1933</p> <p>(Figs. 5C, 6)</p> <p>Pilumnus neglectus Balss, 1933, p. 25, fig. 3.</p> <p>Parapilumnus euryfrons Garth &amp; Kim, 1983, p. 704, fig. 10.</p> <p>Pilumnus guinotae Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1968: Ng, Dai and Yang, 1997, p. 146, fig. 1.</p> <p>Material examined. Dive site lDive 7000z, Anilao, Batangas, Luzon I., Philippines, 7 m depth, coral reef; 1 Ə (NMCR-92508; cb 8.3 mm including lateral teeth, cl 6.9 mm); 2–X–2018; H. Takakura leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 6A) relatively narrow, with tufts of some short and long hairs; dorsal surface ill-defined, without granules; anterolateral margin armed with three spiniform teeth behind sharp external orbital angle; subhepatic region granulated. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 6A) unarmed, fringed with long hairs.</p> <p>Color in life (Fig. 5C). The carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs are entirely brick red, with darker anterior half of the carapace dorsal surface. The hairs are yellowish brown. In spirit, the colors faded to be entirely creamy yellow.</p> <p>Remarks. In the revision of the genus Parapilumnus Kossmann, 1877, Ng (2002) mentioned that Parapilumnus euryfrons Garth and Kim, 1983, is a junior subjective synonym of Pilumnus neglectus Balss, 1933, based on examination of the type specimens of both species. The specimen from the Philippines at hand agrees quite well with the line drawing of the carapace by Garth and Kim (1983: fig. 10a), in that the dorsal surface bears scant tufts of short and long hairs mainly on the protogastric and anterior branchial regions (Fig. 6A); the three anterolateral teeth are sharp, subequal or the last is slightly smaller than the first two teeth, and curved obliquely forward and directed more outward in the second and third teeth (Fig. 6A); the subhepatic region is minutely granulated, and as rightly figured by Garth and Kim (1983), the subhepatic region is visible in dorsal view between the external orbital and first anterolateral teeth. The characteristic movable finger having a longitudinal deep groove throughout the outer surface (Fig. 6B) is figured by Balss (1933) and also by Garth and Kim (1983).</p> <p>The specimens recorded as Pilumnus guinotae Takeda and Miyake, 1968, from the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea by Ng et al. (1997), is probably misidentified and really referable to P. neglectus. Although the type specimen of P. neglectus was examined by Ng et al. (1997), and the differences of the Nansha specimens from the type specimen are noted as having a more squarish carapace, the external orbital tooth being more acutely triangular and the fin- gers of the chelae are more strongly bent. In spite of the differences mentioned, it is difficult to evaluate the identification to P. guinotae based on the figures of an ovigerous female from three specimens (two ovigerous females and one juvenile). In the specimens from the Nansha Islands, the subdistal edge of the dorsal margin of each ambulatory merus is usually rounded and sometimes weakly angulated, and considered to be a small, low tooth, but in P. guinotae, each merus of the first three ambulatory legs is armed with a small, terminal, not subterminal, tooth, as indicated in the original description of the species by Taleda and Miyake (1968). According to the original description of Parapilumnus euryfrons by Garth and Kim (1983), the ambulatory legs are cited as having no granules and spines.</p> <p>Distribution. Balss (1933) examined two males from Amboina recorded as P. cursor A. Milne Edwards, 1873, by De Man (1888), and in addition, probably considerable numbers of the specimens from tropical western Pacific islands (Bougainville Island, the Solomon Islands; New Pomerania Island, the Bismarck Archipelago; Macclesfield Bank in the South China Sea). The record by Garth and Kim (1983) as P. euryfrons was from off southern Luzon, the Philippines, 23 fms depth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9108879BFF823919076EAA3BFF64FB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunil, Navami;Unnathpadi, Rajesh;Pullithadathil, Biji	Sunil, Navami, Unnathpadi, Rajesh, Pullithadathil, Biji (2023): Five Subtidal Species of the Family Pilumnidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Philippines, with Comparative Notes on Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020, from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 49 (3): 107-122, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.49.3_107, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4an00641k
9108879BFF8F391B04DDADCBFBA4FB2D.text	9108879BFF8F391B04DDADCBFBA4FB2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viaderiana sentus Ng, Dai and Yang 1997	<div><p>Viaderiana sentus Ng, Dai and Yang, 1997</p> <p>(Figs. 8–9)</p> <p>Viaderiana sentus Ng, Dai &amp; Yang, 1997, p. 156, fig. 6. — Ng, Lin &amp; Ho, 2018, p. 7, figs. 10–13.</p> <p>Material examined. Dive site lSecret Gar- denz, Anilao, Batangas, Luzon I., Philippines, 4 m depth, sandy/muddy bottom; 1 Ə (NMCR-92509; cb 8.4 mm, cl 6.4 mm); 30–IX–2018; H. Takakura leg.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 8A–B) rounded quadrate; dorsal surface moderately convex in both directions, smooth, without granules, shallowly divided into regions by indistinct linear furrows; hairs short, soft, regularly cover whole surface, but not disguise areolation; some tufts of longer, club-shaped hairs on frontal, protogastric, branchial regions, a similar tuft of some club-shaped hairs at each lateral end of transverse furrow in front of cardiac region; external orbital angle armed with a sharp, forward-directed spine; infraorbital margin armed with four sharp, equidistant spines along inner part, inner infraorbital angle terminating in a sharp spine; anterolateral margin armed with three sharp spines on conical or weakly bulged bases behind external orbital spine, last spine smaller than others, subequal to external orbital spine. Both chelipeds (Fig. 9A) covered with short hairs interspaced with long hairs, some long hairs club-shaped; carpus armed with several distant, dark-colored, curved spines on outer surface, inner angle strongly produced, elongated, tipped with curved, dark-colored spine; palm also armed with sharp, curved, distant spines on outer surface, in smaller chela, spines more prominent than in larger chela. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 9B–E) moderately long; each merus armed with one to three sharp spines on anterior margin and a terminal spine; each carpus of all pairs armed anteriorly with a terminal, strong erect spine. G1 (Fig. 9F, G) long, not strongly curved, with distal beak comparatively long and sharply pointed at tip.</p> <p>Color in life. The carapace dorsal surface is dark reddish brown, with some bunds of long feathered, grayish or whitish hairs symmetrically arranged. The chelipeds and ambulatory legs are marked finely with light purplish reticulate patterns.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was fully described and figured in the original description by Ng et al. (1997), to which the present specimen agrees well in all the respects. Ng et al. (2008) treated the genus Viaderiana to include 17 valid species; among them, V. sentus is characteristic especially in the arrangement of anterior marginal spines of the meri and carpi of the ambulatory legs.</p> <p>Distribution. Previously recorded from the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea and southern Taiwan (Ng et al., 1997, 2018). Another Viaderiana species from the Philippines is V. kasei Takeda and Manuel, 2003, from Bohol, about 150 m depth, in which the ambulatory legs are remarkably long, with the third pair exceeding three times the carapace length.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9108879BFF8F391B04DDADCBFBA4FB2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sunil, Navami;Unnathpadi, Rajesh;Pullithadathil, Biji	Sunil, Navami, Unnathpadi, Rajesh, Pullithadathil, Biji (2023): Five Subtidal Species of the Family Pilumnidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Philippines, with Comparative Notes on Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020, from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 49 (3): 107-122, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.49.3_107, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4an00641k
