identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
920FBB591965BF12FF6F7754FDB0F94C.text	920FBB591965BF12FF6F7754FDB0F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onomeris Cook 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Onomeris Cook, 1896</p>
            <p> Onomeris Cook, 1896: 43 . Type species  O. underwoodi</p>
            <p>– Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman 1958: 12; Jeekel 1971: 16; Mauriès 1971: 434; Hoffman 1980: 68; Hoffman 1999: 17; Mauriès 2005: 243 (list genus name).</p>
            <p> Trichomeris Loomis, 1943: 374 . New synonymy Type species:  T. sinuata – Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman 1958: 13; Jeekel 1971: 18; Hoffman 1980: 68; Hoffman 1999: 18 (list genus name). </p>
            <p>The redescription of the genus is presented here in more detail in order to focus the following redescriptions of the species on the unique characters of each species.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Onomeris underwoodi Cook, 1896</p>
            <p> Other species included:  Onomeris australora Hoffman, 1950 ;  Onomeris sinuata (Loomis, 1943) new comb.</p>
            <p> Genus diagnosis: Shares the general shape of telopods, with a prefemoral and a femoral trichostele, a prefemoral process, and especially the presence of a differentiated process on the femur (Fig. 5 B), only with species of the Asia genus  Hyleoglomeris . Tarsus and tibial process of telopod generally of slender appearance (Fig. 5 A). Differs from  Hyleoglomeris and most other genera of  Glomeridae (but not the European  Tectosphaera Mauriès, 2005 ) in presence of a strongly modified head, which bears a conspicuous Y-shaped ledge on frontal side, and laterally of crest above organ of Tömösváry large grooves for antennae (Fig. 1 A). Thoracic shield with a large hyposchism field bearing numerous transverse striae whose caudal edge is drawn behind tergal contour, a clear impression present before hypochism (Fig. 1 B). Like in  Hyleoglomeris but unlike  Glomeris male leg 17 greatly reduced in size, with a high outer coxal lobe and a 3-segmented, vestigial telopodite with an apical spine (Fig. 2 B). </p>
            <p>Redescription: Length of non-stretched but unrolled specimens of both sexes ca 4–5 mm, width 2.2–2.8 mm, respectively.</p>
            <p> General coloration clearly visible in the type series of  O. sinuata and  O. australora , faded in the type series of  O. underwoodi , but relatively well conserved in more recently collected material of  O. underwoodi and  O. sinuata . Dark brown with laterally lighter grey markings. In the field, specimens are of a shiny appearance resembling micro-gastropods. Tergites 2–11 laterally on metazona with oval greyish-white area, which does not reach margins of tergite. Center of collum light grey; center of head light, margins of head as well as lateral grooves dark brown. Antenna and legs dark brown. </p>
            <p>Head with a setose labrum (Fig. 1 A). Head centrally with Y-shaped crest rising between antennae and expanding to posterior margin. Laterally of crest, from posteriorly of antennae and organ of Tőmősváry to ocelli with deep antennal grooves (Fig. 1 A).</p>
            <p> Ocellaria black, ocelli 5+1 (  O. underwoodi ) or 6+1; lenses convex (Fig. 1 A). </p>
            <p> Antennae with four large apical cones, antennomere 6 ca 2.1 (  O. underwoodi ) – 2.5 times as long as broad. Antennomere 3 as long as 1 and 2 combined (Fig. 1 A). </p>
            <p>Organ of T ő m ő sváry elongate, ca 2.4–2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 1 F).</p>
            <p>Gnathochilarium lateral palps more slender and with fewer sensory cones than inner palps (Fig. 1 D). Central pads and endochilarium on inner side centrally with circa 15 sensory cones in a circular arrangement; more laterally with another area of circa 10 cones (Fig. 1 E).</p>
            <p>Mandible: external tooth with a small notch on dorsal side. Inner tooth 4-combed; four rows of pectinate lamellae; condylus a barely detectable 'bump', weakly developed (Fig. 2 A).</p>
            <p>Collum with two transverse striae (Fig. 1 C).</p>
            <p>Thoracic shield with a large hyposchism field whose caudal edge is drawn behind tergal contour (Fig. 1 B). Clear impression present in front of schism. Shield with numerous transverse striae, of which three or four cross the dorsum (Fig. 1 B). Striae 1 or 2 striae lie above, 5 or 6 level to, and further 4 or 5 posterior to the schism (Fig. 1 B). Thoracic shield like other tergites sparsely covered with numerous minute pits (Fig. 1 B), a short setae rising at each pit.</p>
            <p>Following tergites 3–11 covered with numerous short setae (Fig. 4 A), usually inserting in a pit (Fig. 4 B). Dorsal ozopore without any conspicuous ridges. Anterior margin of tergites with wavy ridge projecting posteriorly in a tooth-like pattern (Fig. 4 A). Tergites laterally without discernable striae, lateral edges not projecting posteriorly.</p>
            <p> Male anal shield at least faintly (  O. sinuata ), more often strongly concave medially at caudal edge (Fig. 5 E). </p>
            <p>Male leg 17 (Fig. 2 B) particularly strongly reduced, with a low, broad, rounded coxal lobe and a 3-segmented vestigial telopodite.</p>
            <p>Male leg 18 (Fig. 3 A) less strongly reduced, with a syncoxial notch and a 4-segmented telopodite. Second joint of telopodite flattened, last telopodite with strongly developed spine (Fig. 3 A)</p>
            <p>Telopod (Figs 3 B, 5A–C) strongly robust, with a high, roundly subtrapeziform (Fig. 3 B) to bilobed (Fig. 6 C) syncoxital lobe flanked by setose, apically simple horns. Prefemur with strongly developed trichostele. Femur with trichostele of circa half the length of the prefemur one, posteriorly with very large, triangular process. Femur with strongly sclerotized, distal finger on posterior side, as well as a field of sclerotized teeth located centrally on the posterior face of finger (Fig. 5 B). Tibia and tarsus, as well as tarsus and femoral process forming a chela (Fig. 5 A). Tibia with long, strongly sclerotized, but slender distal finger caudolaterally; finger with a small field of sclerotized teeth at its base (Fig. 3 B). Tarsus slender, basally curved 45–65 degrees towards syncoxite, otherwise straight (Fig. 3 B), inner margin towards femoral process with sclerotized teeth (Fig. 3 B). Apex of tarsus well-rounded, posteriorly with curved spine (Fig. 3 B).</p>
            <p> Synonymization of  Trichomeris Loomis, 1943 under  Onomeris Cook, 1896 . The synonymization of  Trichomeris und  Onomeris was suggested previously (Hoffman 1999, p. 18: "This monotypic genus is probably not separable from  Onomeris "). Re-study of the type specimen of  T. sinuata , the only described  Trichomeris species, shows that this species indeed belongs into  Onomeris . The telopod differences between  T. sinuata and  Onomeris species, which even prompted the different systematic placement of both by Mauriès (1972, 2005), were based on erroneous drawings by the first describer. </p>
            <p> Position of the genus  Onomeris within the  Glomerida . Currently, authors agree that  Onomeris should be placed in the pill millipede family  Glomeridae (Hoffman 1980, Mauriès 2005), based on the presence of setae and an outgrowth on the mesal side of the telopod (Fig. 5 A). On the tribe level, the position of  Onomeris needs to be fixed through a phylogenetic analysis, which is beyond the scope of this study. In the most recent system (Mauriès 2005),  Onomeris is placed in the tribe Glomerini together with the mainly West European genera  Glomeris ,  Sicilomeris and  Loboglomeris , while  Trichomeris is not mentioned. However, according to the character descriptions (Mauriès 2005), the presence of a differentiated process on the femur, which is clearly present in  Onomeris (Fig. 5 A), would place this genus in the large tribe Dooderiini, and there particularly close to the Asian genus  Hyleoglomeris (see Golovatch et al. 2006, 2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/920FBB591965BF12FF6F7754FDB0F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesener, Thomas	Wesener, Thomas (2010): Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zootaxa 2725: 28-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199966
920FBB591962BF13FF6F7299FA56FEA1.text	920FBB591962BF13FF6F7299FA56FEA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onomeris	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the species of  Onomeris</p>
            <p> The pill millipede fauna of America is still relatively little known. Careful examination of the telopods of any  Glomerida specimen found in America is therefore necessary to identify the species. For example, an undescribed genus co-occurs with  O. sinuata and has similar colouration and size. Additional undescribed  Glomerida species probably occur in the eastern United States. </p>
            <p>1. Posterior margin of anal shield in males medially strongly concave (Fig. 5 E). Tibial process of telopod slender, not tapering towards tip; tibia without trichostele (Fig. 5 B)............................................................... 2</p>
            <p> - Posterior margin of anal shield in males medially only very weakly concave. Tibial process of telopod triangular, basally wide, apically tapering; tibia with trichostele (Figs 7 C, D). Cumberland Plateau, NW Alabama to Virginia.............  O. sinuata</p>
            <p> 2. Syncoxital lobe of telopod subtrapeziform (Fig. 3 B). Third antennomere 2x as long as second, sixth antennomere 2.1 times longer than wide (Fig. 1 A). Known from Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi............................  O. underwoodi</p>
            <p> - Syncoxital lobe of telopod bilobed (Fig. 6 C). Third antennomere 1.5x as long as second, sixth antennomere 2.5 times longer than wide. Known from Virginia, Georgia and North Carolina.........................................  O. australora</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/920FBB591962BF13FF6F7299FA56FEA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesener, Thomas	Wesener, Thomas (2010): Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zootaxa 2725: 28-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199966
920FBB591963BF13FF6F75BFFF12F8A3.text	920FBB591963BF13FF6F75BFFF12F8A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onomeris underwoodi Cook 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onomeris underwoodi Cook, 1896</p>
            <p>(Figures 1–3, 5)</p>
            <p> O. underwoodi Cook, 1896: 43</p>
            <p>Hoffman 1950: 14; Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman 1958: 12; Hoffman 1999: 18 (list species name).</p>
            <p>Material examined: Type material: 1 male lectotype (designated by Dr. R.L. Hoffman),&gt; 120 male and female paratypes (USNM [NMNH] 2599). U.S.A., Alabama, Lee County, Auburn.</p>
            <p>Other material examined: 2 M, 1 F (FMNH-INS 14133). U.S.A., Mississippi, Harrison County, Harrison Expt. For., coll. D. Beyers &amp; M. Jenks, in black cherry tree hole, 29.iii.1984; 1 M, (FMNH-INS 56301). U.S.A., Alabama, Jackson County, 5 miles NE Garth, coll. S. Peck, 19.v.1972; 6 M, 4 F (FMNH-INS 56299). U.S.A., Georgia, Effingham County, Kildare, leg. L. Hubricht, 03.x.1959, det. Hoffman; 1 M, 1 F (FMNH-INS 56303). U.S.A., Alabama, Shelby County, Oak Mountain State Park, coll. H. S. Steenes, 16.x.1960; 13 M, 6 F (VMNH). U.S.A., Tennessee, Polk County, Hiawassee River bluff, 2.7 miles NW Reliance, coll. C. Hubricht, 14.V.1961; 2 M, 2 F (VMNH). U.S.A., Tennessee, Blount County, Chilhowee Mountain, Foothills Parkway, 3.5 miles SW Walland, coll. C. Hubricht, 23.IX.1967.</p>
            <p>Locality from the literature: N. to Kentucky (Hoffman 1999)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Differs from  O. sinuata n. comb. in absence of a trichostele on the tibia of the telopod (Fig. 5 A), tibial process slender (Fig. 5 B); the presence of larger coxal lobes on the 17th leg pair of the male (Fig. 2 B), presence of 5+1 black ocelli (Fig. 1 A), and anal shield obviously concave medially at caudal edge (Fig. 5 E). Differs from  O. australora in syncoxital lobe of telopod not divided into two lobes (Fig. 3 B), third antennomere 2x second (Fig. 1 A), sixth antennomere 4x second (Fig. 1 A), 2.1 times longer than wide, three striae crossing thoracic shield dorsally (Fig. 1 B). </p>
            <p>Redescription: Length of non-stretched but unrolled specimens of both sexes ca 4–5 mm, width 2.2–2.8 mm, respectively.</p>
            <p>General coloration strongly faded in alcohol, dark, brown to greyish, often with contrastingly lighter markings on the lateral part of the tergites. Legs, antennae and lateral parts of head grey.</p>
            <p>Antenna: third antennomere as large as first and second combined, sixth antennomere as large as first, second, fourth and fifth combined, the latter 2.1 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Male anal shield at posterior margin medially strongly concave (Fig. 5 E).</p>
            <p>Male 17th leg with strongly developed coxal lobe (Fig. 5 D).</p>
            <p>Telopod as in the genus description, with slender tibial process and subtrapeziform subcoxital lobe (Figs 3 B, 5A–C).</p>
            <p> Intraspecific variation: Since the shape of the male telopod, especially those of the tibial process (difference from  O. sinuata ) and the subcoxital lobe (difference from  O. australora ) are important taxonomic characters, these structures were studied in 25 males of the extensive type series and 20 non-type males. No differences in the telopod shape could be observed. Only the shape of the femoral process shows a very high variation, probably because of the membranous nature of this structure. </p>
            <p>Comments: The telopods and other characters of this species were not properly described (Cook 1896) and never redescribed, leading to confusion about the status of the species (Hoffman 1950), or even the genus (Mauriès 2005).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/920FBB591963BF13FF6F75BFFF12F8A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesener, Thomas	Wesener, Thomas (2010): Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zootaxa 2725: 28-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199966
920FBB591961BF1EFF6F7210FD9AFC87.text	920FBB591961BF1EFF6F7210FD9AFC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onomeris australora Hoffman 1950	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onomeris australora Hoffman, 1950</p>
            <p>(Figures 6 A–D)</p>
            <p> O. australora Hoffman, 1950: 13</p>
            <p>Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman 1958: 12; Hoffman 1999: 18 (list species name).</p>
            <p>Material examined: Type material: 3 M, 3 F syntypes (designated by Dr. R.L. Hoffman) (USNM [NMNH] 1872). U.S.A., Georgia, Rabun County, 5 miles S. of Highlands, Glade Mountain, Reed Creek Falls, coll. Hoffman, 27.vii.1949.</p>
            <p> Other material examined: 1 M, 2 imm. (FMNH-INS), U.S.A., Tennessee, Great Smoky Mountains NP, 2.5 road miles above Chimney Campground, 3600 ft, leg. HS Dybas, Berlese #5, leaf litter. Determined by N.B. Causey 1960 as  O. underwoodi . </p>
            <p>Literature record: Hoffman 1950: U.S.A., North Carolina, Macon County, Satulah Mountain at Highlands, 4100 feet, many females taken, coll. R. L. Hoffman, 20-24.vii.1949.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Differs from  O. sinuata n. comb. in absence of a trichostele on the tibia of the telopod (Fig. 6 C), tibial process slender (Fig. 6 D); the presence of larger coxal lobes on the 17th leg pair of the male (Fig. 6 B), and anal shield obviously concave medially at caudal edge (Fig. 6 A). Differs from  O. underwoodi in syncoxital lobe of telopod not subtrapeziform but divided into two lobes (Fig. 6 C), third antennomere 1.5 x second, sixth antennomere 3x second, 2.5 times longer than wide, four striae cross thoracic shield dorsally. </p>
            <p>Redescription: Length of non-stretched but unrolled syntypes in the male 4.2 mm, female 4.8 mm, width in male 2.1 mm, female 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>General coloration strongly faded in alcohol. According to first description (Hoffman 1950) in living specimens similar to genus description (see above): dark tergites with large lighter field laterally. Legs, antennae and lateral parts of head grey.</p>
            <p>Antenna: third antennomere as large as 1.5 x second, sixth antennomere as large as first, second and fourth combined, the latter 2.5 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Male anal shield at posterior margin medially strongly concave (Fig. 6 A).</p>
            <p>Male 17th leg with strongly developed coxal lobe (Fig. 6 B).</p>
            <p>Telopod as in the genus description, with slender tibial process and bilobed subcoxital lobe (Figs 6 C, D).</p>
            <p> Comments: The main difference between  O. underwoodi and  O. australora is the shape of the subcoxital lobe of the telopod. This lobe is bilobed in  O. australora (all syntype males), while it is subtrapeziform in all checked males of  O. underwoodi and  O. sinuata . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/920FBB591961BF1EFF6F7210FD9AFC87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesener, Thomas	Wesener, Thomas (2010): Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zootaxa 2725: 28-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199966
920FBB59196EBF1CFF6F77DAFCE7F852.text	920FBB59196EBF1CFF6F77DAFCE7F852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onomeris sinuata (Loomis 1943) Loomis 1943	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onomeris sinuata (Loomis, 1943) new combination</p>
            <p>(Figures 4 &amp; 7)</p>
            <p> Trichomeris sinuata Loomis, 1943: 374</p>
            <p>Chamberlin &amp; Hoffman 1958: 13; Hoffman 1999: 18 (list species name).</p>
            <p>Material examined: Type material: 1 male holotype, in excellent condition except that leg 18 is missing (MCZ 88115). U.S.A., Alabama, Madison County, Monte Sano State Park 10 km E of Huntsville, along pipeline trail below summit escarpment, coll. L. Hubricht, 12.iv.1941.</p>
            <p>Other material examined: 2 M, 4 F (FMNH-INS 56316). Same locality as above, but next to limestone outcrops, NE shadow, 34º44'10.30" N, 086º30'00.10" W, coll. T. Wesener &amp; H. Walsh, 30.iii.2010; 2 M, 1 F, same data as previous, sent as vouchers to the MNHN; 1 M, 1 F, same data as previous, sent as vouchers to the ZFMK; 5 M, 4 F, (FMNH-INS 56302), U.S.A., Virginia, Lee County, Cumberland Gap NP, trail to Skylight Cave, coll. W. A. Shear, 10.vii.1972, dry litter near log; 3 M, 8 F (VMNH). U.S.A., Tennessee, Monroe County, River Bluff, 1.5 miles E Tellico Plain, coll. C. Hubricht, 23.V.1962</p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Differs from  O. underwoodi and  O. australora in presence of a trichostele on the tibia of the telopod (Fig. 7 C), a basally wide, triangular tibial process (Fig. 7 D); the presence of small coxal lobes on the 17th leg pair of the male (Fig. 7 A), and anal shield very weakly concave medially at caudal edge. </p>
            <p>Redescription: Length of non-stretched but unrolled specimens of both sexes ca 4–5 mm, width 2.2–2.8 mm General coloration Dark brown with laterally lighter grey markings. Tergites 2–11 laterally on metazona with oval greyish-white area, which does not reach margins of tergite. Appendages dark brown.</p>
            <p>Antenna: third antennomere as large as 2 x second, sixth antennomere as large as first, second, fourth and fifth combined, the latter 2.5 times longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Male anal shield at posterior margin weakly concave.</p>
            <p>Male 17th leg with weakly developed coxal lobe (Fig. 7 A)</p>
            <p>Male 18th leg with fused coxite and four podomeres, shape typical for genus (Fig. 7 B).</p>
            <p>Telopod as in the genus description, with basally wide, apically slender, triangular tibial process and a short tibial trichostele (Figs 7 C, D). Subcoxital lobe well-rounded (Fig. 7 C).</p>
            <p> Remarks: The original description of  O. sinuata as the type species of  Trichomeris Loomis, 1943 is based on erroneous descriptions and drawings. The drawings of the male leg pair 17 as well as the telopod published in the original description by Loomis disagree with the telopod present in the dissected holotype and with those of the new specimens collected at the original type locality. According to the original description (Loomis 1943: fig. 1), the femur does not feature a trichostele, nor does the tibia. Furthermore, the tibial process of the telopod in Loomis’ original illustration is shorter than it is in the original holotype. The holotype of  O. sinuata closely resembles  O. underwoodi and  O. australora and therefore allows the placement of this species into  Onomeris . </p>
            <p> To make matters even more complicated, a second, still undescribed genus of pill millipede occurs sympatrically with  O. sinuata at Monte Sano State Park, Alabama. However, the possibility that the erroneous drawings by Loomis (1943) could be based on this undescribed genus can be ruled out, since the telopods of the undescribed genus are very distinct from both the original drawings of  Trichomeris and the telopods of  Onomeris and show little similarity with those of the only other known American  Glomerida genus,  Glomeroides (see illustrations in Silvestri 1929, Shear 1986, Wesener &amp; VandenSpiegel 2009). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/920FBB59196EBF1CFF6F77DAFCE7F852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wesener, Thomas	Wesener, Thomas (2010): Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae). Zootaxa 2725: 28-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199966
