identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8D7E3756FFDE4D68FF1E44E0FB1AF9D3.text	8D7E3756FFDE4D68FF1E44E0FB1AF9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metapontonia Bruce 1967	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Metapontonia Bruce, 1967</p>
            <p>Generic diagnosis (after Bruce, 1994, modified). Small sized shrimps of subcylindrical or slightly compressed body form. Rostrum short, compressed, lateral carinae oblique or undeveloped. Carapace smooth with acute median tooth over orbits, inferior orbital angle acute, orbit feebly developed posteriorly, supraorbital, epigastric and hepatic spines absent, branchiostegite strongly produced anteriorly and ventromedially. Pleon smooth, dorsal junctions of segments 4–5 and 5–6 widened, membranous, posterior margins of pleurae rounded. Telson with two pairs of dorsal spines and three pairs of posterior spines. Antennules normal, short, ventromedial tooth on basal segment lacking. Antennae with basicerite unarmed, scaphocerite well developed. Epistome with anterior median keel. Mandible without palp, molar process reduced, incisor process expanded; maxillula with bilobed palp, coxal endite reduced; maxilla with slender palp, endites lacking, scaphognathite normal; first maxilliped with slender palp, basal endite normal, coxal endite obsolete, exopod with large caridean lobe, flagellum reduced, short, with plumose terminal setae, epipod large, feebly bilobed; second maxilliped endopod normal, exopod normal with plumose terminal setae, epipod lacking; third maxilliped with endopod short and stout, ischiomerus partly fused to basis, exopod normal with plumose terminal setae, or rudimentary, short and unsetose, coxa with feebly developed lateral plate, arthrobranch absent. Fourth thoracic sternite without median process. First pereiopods normal, fingers simple. Second pereiopods robust, similar, subequal or unequal. Ambulatory pereiopods robust, turned dorsad, dactyls simple, strongly hooked. Uropods normal, exopod with movable distolateral spine only.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7E3756FFDE4D68FF1E44E0FB1AF9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ďuriš, Zdeněk;Lin, Chia-Wei	Ďuriš, Zdeněk, Lin, Chia-Wei (2016): The ‘ scorpion shrimp’, a new species of the genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with new generic record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 4138 (3): 474-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3
8D7E3756FFDE4D63FF1E41BCFBD1F8CC.text	8D7E3756FFDE4D63FF1E41BCFBD1F8CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metapontonia scorpio	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metapontonia scorpio n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–7)</p>
            <p> Type material. Taiwan, Pingtung County, Hojie, 21º 57’ 20.4" N, 120º 42’ 41.4" E, from coral  Diploastrea heliopora , coll. C.-W. Lin:—2 spms: 1 female ovig. holotype PoCL 2.3 mm (NMMBCD 4047), and 1 female ovig. paratype PoCL 2.2 mm (RMNH. CRUS.D.57071), 6 Sep. 2014, depth 16 m, fcn 20140906.31 (u/w &amp; lab. photo).—2 spms: 1 male allotype PoCL 1.5 mm (NMMBCD 4048) (lab. photo), and 1 female ovig. paratype PoCL 2.2 mm (OUMNH.ZC.2016-01-001) [GenBank: KX169193], 29 Aug. 2014, depth 19 m, fcn 20140829.09 (u/w &amp; lab. photo).— 1 female ovig. paratype PoCL 2.0 mm (NTOUM 01892), 7 Sep. 2014, depth 16 m, fcn 20140907.05 (u/w &amp; lab. photo). </p>
            <p> Etymology. From Latin  scorpio (= scorpion) pointing on the unique among caridean shrimps ability of the new species to overturn the posterior pleonites in a manner resembling the typical body posture of scorpions (Fig. 1 C). </p>
            <p>Description of female holotype (Figs 1 A–D, 2A, 3–5, 6A–E). Carapace (Fig. 3 A,B) smooth. Rostrum very short and strongly upward directed, compressed, not reaching half-length of basal segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal margin deeply concave anteriorly, with large subrectangular posterior tooth situated anterior to posterior orbital margin, and with widely oblique lateral margins overhanging orbits; pair of shallow depressions present anteriorly on sides of dorsal tooth; ventral margin of rostrum almost vertical, convex. Orbital margins sharply defined dorsally and ventrolaterally, but posteriorly interrupted; ventral margin continuing anteriorly to slightly upward directed antennal spine; shallow post-orbital furrow running slightly obliquely up; inferior orbital angle obsolete, situated medially to antennal spine. Supraorbital, epigastric and hepatic spines absent. Anterolateral angle of carapace produced anteromedially as elongate rounded lobe extending forwards beneath antennal peduncles to meet corresponding opposite lobe in midline enclosing thus all mouthparts. Ventral branchiostegite broadly rounded, with margin laminose, soft.</p>
            <p>Thoracic sternum broad, unarmed, increasing in width posteriorly; fourth thoracic sternite with pair of anteriorly directed transverse ridges, widely separated in middle.</p>
            <p>Pleon (Fig. 3 C,D) with all pleura rounded posteroventrally; first pleuron produced anteriorly as large triangular lobe. Posterior dorsal margins of fourth and fifth segments and anterior dorsal margins of fifth and sixth segments broadly concave, with wide soft membranous fields between corresponding segments’ tergites. Sixth segment slightly longer dorsally than fifth, about 0.6 of telson length.</p>
            <p>Telson (Fig. 3 D–F) about 2.4 times longer than broad proximally, tapering posteriorly; dorsally flattened, with distinct broad median depression; lateral borders slightly convex, with 2 pairs of small dorsolateral spines situated at about 0.6 and 0.8 of telson length from anterior margin; posterior margin about 0.5 of anterior telson width, slightly convex, without median process, with 3 pairs of spines—outer pair short, similar to dorsolateral telson spines, intermediate pair about 2.5 times length of lateral spines, submedian spines setulose, long and slender, about 3 times length of lateral spines.</p>
            <p>Eyes (Figs 2, 3 B), when directed forward, extending by length of cornea beyond tip of rostrum; eyestalks short and widest basally, cornea globular, subequal in length to eyestalk, with small accessory pigment spot incorporated dorsolaterally to posterior margin of cornea.</p>
            <p>Basal segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 3 G) reaching anterior margin of cornea of anteriorly extended yes; about 2 times longer than wide, medial margin distinctly convex, without ventral tooth; lateral margin convex, with broad and acutely pointed stylocerite attaining half-length of segment; anterolateral angle of segment obsolete, not noticeably produced. Intermediate segment short and unarmed; distal segment distinctly longer than intermediate segment and about half-length of basal segment. Antennular flagella short, lower flagellum with about eleven segments, subequal to peduncle in length; fused portion of upper flagellum consisting of 4 robust segments, shorter free ramus with 2 smaller segments, longer flagellum bearing about 9 slender segments.</p>
            <p>Antenna (Fig. 3 H) with scaphocerite short and broad, not exceeding antennular peduncle; lamella 1.5 times as long as wide, with greatest width proximally to midlength, medial margin concave, lateral margin strongly arched, almost semicircular, distal margin extending beyond small distolateral tooth. Carpocerite robust and cylindrical, failing to reach distal end of scaphocerite. Antennal flagellum slender, exceeding post-orbital carapace length.</p>
            <p>Epistome with obtuse median vertical keel anteriorly (Fig. 3 G).</p>
            <p>Mandible (Fig. 4 A–C) large, only slightly shorter than third maxilliped length; mandibular palp lacking; incisor process large and laminar, its distal border bearing one greatly enlarged truncate tooth and 3 smaller acute teeth; molar process reduced, slender, tapering to subacute process with group of low obtuse teeth terminally.</p>
            <p>Maxillula (Fig. 4 D) small, with well-developed palp about twice longer than wide, with apex feebly bifid, medial lobe with small hooked seta; upper lacinia 1.6 times longer than broad, with row of stout spines distally; lower lacinia reduced to short rounded unsetose process.</p>
            <p>Maxilla (Fig. 4 E) with endites reduced to single short rounded lobe; palp well developed, slender, with single basal seta laterally; scaphognathite also well developed, 2.2 times longer than wide in middle, broadly rounded distally and laterally, elongated posteriorly.</p>
            <p>First maxilliped (Fig. 4 F) bearing short, elongate triangular, non-setose palp; endites of coxa and basis feebly separated, with serrulate setae medially and anteromedially; exopod reduced, short but functional, flagellum about 3 times longer than wide, compressed, with 4 terminal plumose setae, caridean lobe broadly rounded, 2.2 times longer than wide proximally, anteriorly reaching half-length of exopod; epipod robust, cordiform, feebly bilobed.</p>
            <p>Second maxilliped (Fig. 4 G) normal in shape, very small, half size of third maxilliped; dactylar segment elongate ovoid in outer aspect; all segments well separated; exopod well developed, setose terminally; epipod lacking, coxa with rounded lateral lobe.</p>
            <p>Third maxilliped (Fig. 4 H) short and broad; ischium slightly produced distomedially to small subtriangular tooth, lateral lobe shallow, with straight outer margin; basis short, convex and with 3 setulose setae medially; antepenultimate segment fused with merus and ischium, without subdivision, broad, about 1.7 times longer than basal breadth and 3 times longer than distal breadth; medial border bearing few slender setulose setae along proximal half and single similar distal seta; penultimate segment short, slightly longer than broad, about 0.3 of antepenultimate segment length, medial border bearing few serrulate setae; ultimate segment subequal to penultimate segment in length, stout, about twice as long as broad basally, medial border with few serrulate setae of which terminal ones longest. Exopod short, failing to reach end of antepenultimate segment of endopod, with 4 terminal and 2 subterminal plumose setae, lateral plate obsolete; no epipod nor arthrobranch present.</p>
            <p>First pereiopods (Fig. 5 A–C) long and slender, with merus extending anteriorly almost to distal end of antennular peduncle. Fingers subequal to palm length, without distinct cutting edges, tips hooked; each finger with pair of transverse fan-shaped series of densely pappose setae with glabrous basal and terminal thirds (Fig. 5 D). Carpus almost twice as long as chela and about 5 times its maximum width distally, subequal to merus length. Ischium half length of carpus or merus. Basis and coxa short, stout, without special features.</p>
            <p>Second pereiopods robust and similar in shape, but distinctly unequal (Fig. 2 A, 5E–J). Both chelipeds exceeding antennular peduncles by entire propodi, chelae held subparallel and bent down in front of body and facing by morphological ‘lateral side’ anteriad, with ‘ventral’ margins laterad; chelae distally incurved (Fig. 2 A), somewhat subspatulate. Major cheliped (Fig. 5 E–H) with fingers about 0.6 of palm length, subcylindrical, with opposing cutting edges laterally; dactylus slender, about 5 times longer than broad proximally, smoothly curved and tapering to slender apex; cutting edge lateral, shallowly laminar, with single triangular tooth on proximal third. Fixed finger cutting edge lateral, highly laminar, with large triangular compressed tooth proximally opposing smaller dactylar tooth; tips of fingers hooked and distal halves of cutting edges concave, widely gaping when fingers closed. Palm subcylindrical, more compressed distally, with shallow depression distomedially, proximally off dactylus and running obliquely anteroventrad. Carpus one third of palm length, twice as wide distally as proximally, unarmed. Merus 0.6 of palm length and twice as long as high, unarmed. Ischium 0.7 of merus length.</p>
            <p>Minor cheliped (Fig. 5 I,J) with chela about 0.75 of major chela length. Fingers about 0.4 of palm length, similar to those of major chela, but with both cutting edges narrowly laminar and with single small tooth on proximal third. Carpus about one third of chela length and 0.6 of palm length, merus subequal to palm length, stout, ischium of similar width, about 0.7 of merus length.</p>
            <p>Third to fifth pereiopods (Fig. 6 A–E) similar and subequal, usually upturned over carapacial dorsum, with distal ends overreaching dorsum of cephalothorax, robust and similar, third being longest. All segments unarmed, lacking spines, but group of plumose setae present at distal end of propodi on each side dorsally over dactylar base. Third pereiopod (Fig. 6 A–B) exceeding antennular peduncle by dactylus when extended anteriorly. Dactylus small, with simple and strongly hooked unguis and with small basal protuberance retracting into propodus when dactylus flexed. Propodus 3.5 times longer than wide proximally, carpus slightly wider but shorter, 0.7 of propodus length; merus stout, slightly longer than propodus but almost twice as wide; ischium subequal in length to merus but slightly more slender.</p>
            <p>Pleopods with depressed protopods and enlarged wide setose branches.</p>
            <p>Uropods (Fig. 3 D–E) exceeding telson by almost distal third of their length. Exopod with lateral margin straight and bearing single small distolateral movable spinule but lacking acute fixed tooth. Diaeresis feebly demarcated.</p>
            <p>Male allotype (Figs 1 E, 2B, 6F–I). Body size smaller than that of females examined; body shape generally similar, only pleonal pleurae short, rounded, with pleopodal protopods exposed. Endopod (Fig. 6 F,G) of first male pleopod about 0.6 of exopod length and 2.2 times longer than broad, with greatest width situated at half-length; medial border feebly concave with single setulose seta proximally and 3 short and stout simple spines along basal third of its length; distal margin rounded; lateral border slightly convex, oblique, with 6 plumose setae along distal half of margin. Endopod of second pleopod (Fig. 6 H,I) with slender appendix interna bearing several terminal cincinnuli; appendix masculina reaching 0.6 of appendix interna, short and stout, about twice as long as broad, with 5 distal setae—i.e. 2 long terminal serrulate setae 1.2 and 1.9 times longer than appendix masculina, 2 simple curved distomedial setae about 0.6 of appendix length medially, and single serrulate seta, subequal to appendix, more proximally.</p>
            <p>Other specimens. Three remaining specimens, ovigerous females paratypes, are of almost the same size and morphologically closely similar to the holotype, showing no noticeable distinctions, except the NTOUM female paratype (Fig.1 F) which has the second pereiopods chelae smaller and less divergent in shape.</p>
            <p>Measurements (in mm). Female holotype: PoCL, 2.3; TL, 6.8; dorsal length of 5th pleonal segment, 0.4 (sclerotized part, 0.2); length of 6th pleonal segment, 0.65; telson length, 1.0; telson width, 0.45; major chela length, 2.3; minor chela length, 1.65; propodus of third pereiopod length, 0.7. — Male allotype: PoCL, 1.5; TL, 5.5; dorsal length of 5th pleonal segment, 0.45 (sclerotized part, 0.2); length of 6th pleonal segment, 0.5; telson length, 0.85; telson width, 0.4; major chela length, 1.7; minor chela length, 1.35; propodus of third pereiopod length, 0.6. The female carried approx. 50 eggs of the size 0.60 x 0.43 mm (with early eyespots).</p>
            <p> Remarks. The present new species is distinctly smaller than  M. fungiacola , with the body and appendages stouter. It differs from the original description of  M. fungiacola (cf., Bruce, 1967), and the present comparative material (below), mainly by the following characters: (1) the rostrum is short and stout, distinctly dorsad directed with almost vertical ventral margin and wide lateral carinae (vs. slender, directed anteriad or upturned distally, ventral margin almost horizontal, lateral carinae feeble), the rostrum reaches subequal height as the anterior median tooth of the carapace (vs. rostrum is lower-positioned, anteriad, with the anterior median tooth of the carapace distinctly higher); (2) the orbital margin widely interrupted posteriorly forming shallow but distinct longitudinal groove on the side of the carapace (vs. orbital margin well developed in holotype, or with only a slight depression there in some present Taiwanese specimens); (3) the basal segment of the antennular peduncle distinctly concave medially and without anterolateral tooth (vs. medial margins subparallel, anterolateral tooth small but distinct); and (4) the opposing dorsal margins of the 4th/5th and 5th/6th pleonal articulations deeply concave, with broad membranous fields between segments (vs. margins moderately convex). </p>
            <p> In addition to those, the antennal scaphocerite in the new species is broad and short, with the length only slightly greater than the width, the lateral margin is distinctly concave, and the lamina is broadly semicircular medially (vs. scaphocerite distinctly longer than broad, with lateral margin almost straight, lamina moderately convex medially). The exopod of the third maxilliped is reported as reduced, terminally unsetose in  M. fungiacola (cf. Bruce, 1967), while in the new species it is well developed, with terminal plumose setae, just falling short of the distal margin of the antepenultimate segment. The fourth thoracic sternite is wide and flattened, with distinct entire anterior ridge in  M. fungiacola , while that of the new species is less prominent and developed only on sides and widely interrupted in the middle. </p>
            <p>The molecular comparison of obtained sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (488 bp) for specimens of both species revealed 3.9 % distinction between species that also confirms a separate position of the new species.</p>
            <p>Colour (Fig. 1). Body semitranslucent, adult females with orange ovaries with scattered dark dots extending from inside of carapace posteriorly to the fourth pleonite (Fig. 1 A–D), some specimens with diffused white and red dots (Fig. 1 A–C), others with symmetrical fields of densely set white spots dorsally on carapace, diffused white paths on antennules, dorsally on pleon and uropods; most remarkable being brightly white transverse line anteriorly across gastric region on carapace, with white median tooth (Fig. 1 E,F); eye cornea dark, reddish, or white; diffused whitish fields on walking legs.</p>
            <p> Behaviour. The new species is remarkable by its ability to overturn the posterior pleonites in a manner resembling typical body posture of scorpions (Fig. 1 C). Such manner of overturning the pleon by high dorsal bending of just the distal segments is unique among caridean shrimps. Some caridean shrimps like  Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916 , or  Neostylodactylus litoralis Okuno &amp; Tachikawa, 2000 , held their whole pleon upturned highly dorsad almost touching the carapacial dorsum but posteriorly to the third segment the pleon is normally bent back down (Kemp, 1916; Okuno &amp; Tachikawa, 2000). The above mentioned behaviour of  M. scorpio n. sp. most likely reflects the frequent position of the shrimp in grooves between closely set polyps of their coral host  Diploastrea heliopora (Fig. 7 C,D), or directly in the ‘oral cavity’of its host (Fig. 7 A,B). In  M. fungiacola , the pleon was also noted „to be frequently held in an elevated position, away from the substrate and with the caudal fan flexed” (Bruce, 1972: 4). The morphology of the posterior pleonal segments of  M. fungiacola allows the elevation of the pleon only in a lesser extent in comparison with  M. scorpio n. sp.</p>
            <p> Host. Coral  Diploastrea heliopora (Lamarck) (  Scleractinia :  Diploastreidae ) (Fig. 7). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Southwestern Taiwan (type locality, present report).</p>
            <p>GenBank accession number. KX169193 (see Material paragraph, above).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7E3756FFDE4D63FF1E41BCFBD1F8CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ďuriš, Zdeněk;Lin, Chia-Wei	Ďuriš, Zdeněk, Lin, Chia-Wei (2016): The ‘ scorpion shrimp’, a new species of the genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with new generic record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 4138 (3): 474-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3
8D7E3756FFD44D66FF1E47B9FAEDFBE4.text	8D7E3756FFD44D66FF1E47B9FAEDFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce 1967	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967</p>
            <p>(Figs 8–10)</p>
            <p> Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967: 24 , figs 10–12. </p>
            <p> Metapontonia fungiacola . — Bruce, 1972: 1, fig. 1, Pls 1–2.—1974 b: 196, fig. 5.—1985: 8, fig. 6.— Yamashiro, 1999: 307– 311, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> Material examined. Taiwan, Pingtung County, coll. C.-W. Lin:— 1 female ovig. PoCL 2.7 mm (NMMBCD 4050), Hojie, 21º 57’ 20.4" N, 120º 42’ 41.4" E, 15 May 2011, depth 17 m, from coral  Symphyllia cf. radians (u/w photo), fcn 20110515-15 (lab. photo). — 1 female post-ovig. PoCL 3.8 mm (NMMBCD 4051), Hojie (as above), 5 Apr. 2013, depth 16 m, from lobophylliid coral (u/w photo), fcn 20130405-04 (lab. photo). — 2 females PoCL 2.7 mm (ovig.), 2.4 mm (NMMBCD 4052), Hojie (as above), 19 Apr. 2013, depth 16 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20130419-10 (lab. photo).—2 spms: 1 male PoCL 2.4 mm, 1 female ovig. PoCL 3.7 mm (NMMBCD 4054), Hojie (as above), 15 Jun. 2013, depth 14m, from lobophyllid coral (u/w photo), fcn 20130615-06 (lab. photo).— 1 female ovig. PoCL 3.8 mm (NMMBCD 4055), Hojie (as above), 11 Dec. 2013, depth 12 m, from unknown coral, fcn. 20131211-14 (lab. photo).— 1 female ovig. PoCL 2.6 mm (NMMBCD 4056), Hojie (as above), 16 Dec. 2013, depth 16 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20131216-11 (lab. photo).— 1 female ovig. PoCL 3.6 mm (bopyrized in branchial chamber) (NMMBCD 4057), Hojie (as above), 23 Feb. 2014, depth 15 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20140223-10 (lab. photo).— 2 females ovig. PoCL 2.6, 2.8 mm (NMMBCD 4058), Green Island, 22º 39’ 08.0" N, 121º 28’ 22.4" E, 10 Apr. 2014, depth 15 m, from coral cf. Micromusa, fcn 20140410-nn.— 1 female PoCL 2.6 mm (bopyrized in branchial chamber) (NMMBCD 4059), Wanlitong, 21º 59’ 46.7" N, 120º 42’ 02.5" E, 5 Sep. 2014, depth 22 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20140905-11 (lab. photo).— 1 male PoCL 2.3 mm (bopyrized in branchial chamber) (NMMBCD 4060), Hojie (as above), 26 Sep. 2014, depth 18 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20140926-32 (lab. photo).— 1 female post-ovig. PoCL 2.8 mm (NMMBCD 4061), Sanjiaoding, 21º 57’ 17.6" N, 120º 45’ 53.5" E, 1 Nov. 2014, depth 19 m, from coral  Platygyra lamellina , fcn 20141101.30 (lab. photo).— 1 female post-ovig. PoCL 3.0 mm (NMMBCD 4062), Siaoliouciou, 22º 20′ 41.3" N, 120º 23’19.0" E, 17 Nov. 2014, depth 8 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20141117-nn.— 1 female PoCL 2.6 mm (NMMBCD 4063), Hojie (as above), 1 Jan. 2015, depth 16 m, from unknown coral, fcn 20150101.nn.— 1 female post-ovig. PoCL 3.0 mm (NMMBCD 4064), Hojie (as above), 1 Aug. 2015, depth 14 m, from coral  Lobophyllia hemprichii (u/w photo), fcn 20150801.07 (lab. photo). </p>
            <p>— Japan: 1 spm, NTOU [GenBank: KX169192, KX245152], KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition, 26º 20.409– 20.018′ N 126º 49.675–49.224′ E, 5.1– 4.5 m, dead coral branches, rubble, dredge 52, 17 Nov. 2009.</p>
            <p> — Papua New Guinea: 1 female ov. PoCL 1.3 mm, MNHN IU- 2013-11055 [GenBank: KX245153], Papua- Niugini Expedition 2012, st. PR 225, N. Kranket Is., Madang Bay, 05º 11,3'S - 145º49,5'E, 10 Dec. 2012, depth 6- 7.5 m, from coral  Galaxea sp., coll.: Z. Ďuriš, fcn PNG 12-639D (lab. photo). </p>
            <p> Remarks. As Bruce (1972) suggested,  M. fungiacola appears to be one of the smallest palaemonid shrimpsthe holotype has PoCL 2.6 mm (Bruce, 1967), with the total length (TL) at least 8 mm, estimated from the original picture (Bruce, 1967: Fig.10), and the smallest and largest reported ovigerous females reaching 1.55 and 1.7 mm of PoCL (Bruce, 1972, 1974, resp.); the length of the Japanese specimens examined by Yamashiro (1999) was about 5 mm. In regard of the present material, the ovigerous females from Taiwan range from 2.6 to 3.8 mm in their PoCL, with the largest ones measured 13.5 mm of the total body length. The only two available males are distinctly smaller, with their PoCL 2.3 and 2.4 mm. </p>
            <p> Most of the 17 Taiwanese specimens examined, especially larger and more brightly coloured adult females, thus seem to be considerably larger and more diverse in coloration than the previously reported specimens. They also show a remarkable variability in the shape of the rostrum (slender—styliform or stout—blade-like, horizontal or upturned), or orbits (entire or sinuate posteriorly), in the anteroventral extension of the branchiostegites (not reaching or overreaching anteriorly extended eyes), and in the size and symmetry of the second pereiopods (subequal or distinctly unequal chelae; small chelae with subparallel fingers or large robust chelae with widely gaping space between fingers). The comparative morphological analysis performed by us for females (expressed in the Fig. 8) revealed a total mixture of those characters with no one of them related to the body size, nor mutually correlated to each other. Those distinctions thus illustrate the intraspecific morphological variation of  M. fungiacola . </p>
            <p>The only specimen from Papua New Guinea available (Fig. 9 F,G), an ovigerous female, is, with its PoCL 1.3 mm and TL 5.0 mm, the smallest ovigerous female of the species reported. The specimen has a well developed anteriad-directed rostrum and the rectangular median tooth anteriorly on the carapace, the orbital margin well developed, entire, the branchiostegite not considerably produced, failing to reach the distal end of the anteriorly extended eyes, and a pair of second pereiopods with small similar but unequal chelae. The female bears about 10 early-stage ova 0.67 mm long under its pleon. Except the size, the PNG specimen thus well falls to the intraspecific variability demonstrated above for Taiwanese specimens. The molecular comparison of obtained COI gene sequences for both examined PNG and Japanese specimens revealed their high genetic identity (distinction 3 of 508 bp, i.e. 0.6%) that confirms their conspecific status.</p>
            <p> Colour (Fig. 9). Bruce (1972) described the appearance of his Kenyan female of  M. fungiacola as yellowgreen, feebly speckled with pale yellowish chromatophores and with the post-orbital region with a larger transverse patch of white across the gastric region, and the males more highly transparent. The present specimens of  M. fungiacola from Taiwan (Fig. 9 A-E) are semitranslucent, whitish, with white anterolateral and anterior borders of the gastric region and a diffusely or more densely white banded pleon. Ovigerous females have their orange ovaries visible as extending to the middle of the pleon. The cornea of the eyes are white or reddish. The ovigerous female from Papua New Guinea (Fig. 9 F,G) is also semitranslucent whitish with scattered red dots medially on the carapace and pleon, with feeble white gastric borders, and a line of some reddish spots laterally on the abdomen; an orange tinge from the ovaries is visible on the carapace and pleon; eyes’ cornea are white. </p>
            <p> Behaviour. As noted above for the new species,  M. fungiacola also frequently holds the pleon in an elevated position (Bruce, 1972). This species was reported by Yamashiro (1999) in regards to its masking behaviour observed on the mushroom corals (  Scleractinia ,  Fungiidae ) where the shrimp hides itself under fold of host tissue. For this behaviour, the shrimp possesses sharp hooked dactylus on the dorsad twisted last three pereiopods. A similar behaviour, dorsad upturned walking legs, and hooked dactyli, are known for shrimps of another symbiotic palaemonid genus  Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973 (Bruce, 1973; Okuno, 2009). Such positioned walking legs are present also in  M. scorpio n. sp.</p>
            <p> Hosts (Fig. 10).  Scleractinia ,  Fungiidae :  Fungia spp.,  Lithophyllon concinna (Verrill) ,  L. repanda (Dana) ,  Halomitra pileus (Linnaeus) ,  Herpolitha limax (Houttuyn) ;  Merulinidae :  Goniastrea pectinata (Ehrenberg) ,  Hydnophora microconos (Lamarck) (Bruce, 1967, 1972, 1974a, b, 1975, 1984, 1985; Yamashiro, 1999; Hoeksema et al., 2012). The present specimens from Taiwan were collected from scleractinian corals—Merulinidae:  Platygyra lamellina (Ehrenberg) ;  Lobophylliidae :  Lobophyllia hemprichii (Ehrenberg) , cf. Micromusa sp.,  Symphyllia cf. radians Milne Edwards &amp; Haime , and unidentified lobophyllid corals. The single PNG specimen was found by dissecting a colony of the scleractinian coral  Galaxea sp. (  Scleractinia :  Oculinidae ). All those corals are new host records for the shrimp  M. fungiacola . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Comoro Archipelago (Bruce, 1967), western Indian Ocean. The species is actually known also from Kenya, Tanzania, Réunion, Seychelles, and Okinawa, Japan (Bruce, 1995); New Caledonia (Chan &amp; Mitsuhashi, 2007); southern Taiwan, and Kavieng lagoon, Papua New Guinea (present report, new records).</p>
            <p>GenBank accession numbers. KX169192; KX245152; KX245153 (see Material paragraph, above).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7E3756FFD44D66FF1E47B9FAEDFBE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ďuriš, Zdeněk;Lin, Chia-Wei	Ďuriš, Zdeněk, Lin, Chia-Wei (2016): The ‘ scorpion shrimp’, a new species of the genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with new generic record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 4138 (3): 474-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3
