identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1ABD9CFF71135680B5EBD52B16ACC5BB.text	1ABD9CFF71135680B5EBD52B16ACC5BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austropeplea brazieri (E. A. Smith 1882)	<div><p>Austropeplea cf. brazieri (E. A. Smith, 1882)</p><p>Figs 4 B, D, F, 5 B, D, 6 B, D, 7 B</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Artificially bred specimens in the lab, which were originally from Werribee South, Victoria, Australia .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 4 B) medium in size (≤ 14.7 mm in height in lab condition), high-conical, with relatively narrow and high spire and moderately inflated body whorl. Shell thin but somewhat solid, in some specimens almost translucent. Whorls (4–4.5 in number) rounded, convex, slowly increasing, separated by deep and oblique suture. Shell surface smooth, light brown, covered by collabral growth lines. Aperture pyriform, with evenly rounded basal and palatal margins. Peristome sharp, not expanded but columellar lip slightly reflexed. Parietal callus thin but distinct, extending a little over the parietal wall. Columellar fold weakly developed. Umbilicus covered by inner lip, closed or very narrow (slot-like).</p><p>Head-foot (Fig. 4 D, F) typical of family. Foot broad, fully extended approximately equal to shell height, light grey with dense white freckles (observed when living). Tentacle elongated triangular, length equal to width (observed when living). Mantle light grey with large black blotches on pallial roof. Mantle collar slightly reflexed and attached to aperture margin (Fig. 4 F). Mantle covering visceral coil unpigmented (Fig. 4 D).</p><p>Central nervous system (Fig. 5 B) typical of family. Cerebral ganglia with irregular-borders, pale yellow in fresh material. Commissural lobule distinct, white, notably smaller in size than cerebral ganglia.</p><p>Pulmonary roof (Fig. 5 D) with heart and kidney in typical positions for family. Kidney spindle-shaped, thin-walled, with transversely pleated lining of sinuate tube visible through translucent wall, proximal part opposite to anterior pericardium. Ureter short, urinary opening not observed.</p><p>Prostate fusiform, with single internal fold. Sperm duct short, almost invisible in natural position. Praeputium (Fig. 6 B) light greyish white, cylindrical, tapers towards proximal end, distal part near opening folded. Bulbous termination of praeputium distinct in lighter colour to white, narrowest across praeputium. Penis sheath narrow, shorter than praeputium, proximal part slightly inflated. Index of copulatory apparatus (ICA) 1.12 to 2.21. Spermatheca (Fig. 6 D) ellipsoid. Spermatheca duct shorter than length of spermatheca, width approx. quarter of length, proximal external side somewhat adherent to the vaginal duct.</p><p>Radula of the haplolateral multidentate type (Fig. 7 B). Radular formula 28 - C- 28 to 38 - C- 38. Teeth in same row approximately aligned horizontally. Central tooth small, bicuspid, asymmetrical, right cusp significantly larger than left. Lateral teeth pairs 1–11 ~ 13 tricuspid, middle cusp largest, left cusp larger than right, rarely with denticle situated on the right basal side; pairs 12 ~ 14–28 ~ 38 with four or five cusps. A variant individual observed among examined specimens (Fig. 7 C), with lateral teeth pairs 1–13 tricuspid, middle cusp largest, left cusp larger than right, rarely left cusp absent; pairs 14–17 tricuspid, left cusp largest, right two cusps gradually reduced; pairs 18–28 with 3–6 cusps.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We use the species-group name A. cf. brazieri for our Victorian specimens because both molecular and morphological data indicate clear differences from typical Austropeplea brazieri (E. A. Smith, 1882: 274, pl. 5, fig. 15, from Glebe Point, Sydney, New South Wales). The currently recognised distribution of A. brazieri is broad (Ponder et al. 2024), and our analysis and that done previously by Puslednik et al. (2009) have shown that it does not form a monophyletic group. To reflect this taxonomic uncertainty, we follow our earlier usage (Sukee et al. 2024) in applying the provisional name A. cf. brazieri to the Victorian population.</p><p>There are three additional names available for this taxon, all from New South Wales ( Glacilimnaea gelida Iredale, 1943: 214, Blue Lake, Mt Kosciusko, NSW; Simlimnea morbida Iredale, 1944: 119, figs 5-4, Walcha, NSW; and Simlimnea aegrifer Iredale, 1944: 119, fig. 5-5, Bombala, NSW), but based on the molecular data of species from representative location of above (Fig. 3), none are applicable to the Victorian taxon.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Victoria, Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1ABD9CFF71135680B5EBD52B16ACC5BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Sukee, Tanapan;Koehler, Anson V.;Webster, Bonnie L.;Gasser, Robin B.;Ponder, Winston F.;Young, Neil D.	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Sukee, Tanapan, Koehler, Anson V., Webster, Bonnie L., Gasser, Robin B., Ponder, Winston F., Young, Neil D. (2025): Mitogenome and nuclear rRNA gene cluster of Austropeplea subaquatilis (Tate, 1880) from South Australia, with molecular and morphological comparison of A. cf. brazieri (Smith, 1882) from Victoria (Gastropoda, Hygrophila, Lymnaeidae). ZooKeys 1255: 41-62, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1255.164109
139D207B88EA53CFA06B7008B9EDCB8D.text	139D207B88EA53CFA06B7008B9EDCB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austropeplea subaquatilis (Tate 1880)	<div><p>Austropeplea subaquatilis (Tate, 1880)</p><p>Figs 4 A, C, E, 5 A, C, 6 A, C, 7 A</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Specimens from “Drain M” near Princes Highway in Thornlea, South Australia, Australia, and their artificially bred offspring .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 4 A) medium in size (up to 12.5 mm in height), ovate, with low, narrow conical spire and strongly inflated last whorl. Shell wall thin, fragile in some specimens. Whorls (4.0– 4.5 in number) rounded, slightly convex, separated by a shallow, slightly oblique to nearly straight suture. Last whorl comprises ~ 0.9 of shell height. Shell surface smooth, somewhat shiny, light brown to nearly colourless, covered by collabral growth lines. Aperture pyriform, with evenly rounded basal and palatal margins, posterior corner forming angle with last whorl. Peristome sharp, not expanded but columellar lip reflexed and attached to back of last whorl. Parietal callus thin but distinct, extending to last whorl far beyond inner lip. Columellar fold weakly developed. Umbilicus covered by inner lip, closed or very narrow (slot-like).</p><p>Head-foot (Fig. 4 C, E) typical of family. Foot broad, reaching 1.5–2 × shell height when fully extended, light grey with sparse white freckles (observed when living). When stimulated, considerable quantities of mucus produced and covers entire body. Tentacles shield-shaped (Fig. 4 E), twice as long as wide (observed when living). Mantle light grey with large black blotches on pallial roof. Mantle collar (Fig. 4 E) reflexed and attached to shell, extended as thin flap on both sides to enclose shell fully or largely in mature individuals. Closed edge of mantle collar situated along midline of animal, forming marginal fold near shell apex. Mantle covering visceral coil with band-like black pigment in mature individuals (Fig. 4 C); disconnected from pigmentation on pallial roof, and readily lost in preserved specimens.</p><p>Central nervous system typical of family (Fig. 5 A). Cerebral ganglia with regular borders, pale yellow (fresh). Commissural lobule distinct, white, approximately equal to cerebral ganglia in size.</p><p>Pulmonary roof (pallial complex) (Fig. 2 C) with heart and kidney in their typical positions for family. Kidney spindle-shaped, thin-walled, with transversely pleated lining of sinuate tube visible through transparent wall, proximal part opposite anterior pericardium. Ureter short, urinary opening not observed.</p><p>Prostate pear-shaped, with single internal fold. Sperm duct long and thick, equal to or slightly longer than oothecal gland in length. Praeputium (Fig. 6 A) light greyish-white, cylindrical, tapers towards proximal end, distal part folded near male genital opening. Bulbous termination of praeputium distinct in lighter colour to white, equal to or wider than narrowest part of praeputium. Penis sheath narrow, shorter than praeputium, proximal part slightly inflated. ICA 1.34 to 2.02. Spermatheca (Fig. 6 C) spherical, duct short, not exceeding length of spermatheca, width approx. 0.1 of its length.</p><p>Radula of the haplolateral multidentate type (Fig. 7 A). Radular formula 28 - C- 28 to 32 - C- 32. Teeth in same row bend upward to margin. Central tooth small, bicuspid, asymmetrical, right cusp significantly larger than left. Lateral teeth pairs 1–8 ~ 11 tricuspid, middle cusp largest, left cusp larger than right, rarely with denticle situated on the right basal side; pairs 9 ~ 12–28 ~ 32 with four or five cusps.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The name A. subaquatilis (Tate, 1880: 103, pl. 4, Fig. 5 A – C) is here tentatively considered to be the species name for South Australian Austropeplea populations following Ponder et al. (2024). This species was described based on type material collected from the River Torrens in Adelaide and are not aware of it having been found from type locality in recent years (Z. - Y. Chen, unpublished data). A currently recognised synonym, A. aruntalis Cotton &amp; Godfrey, 1938 (replacement name for Limnaea papyracea Tate, 1880: 103, pl. 4, Fig. 6 A, B), may represent a valid species name for the South Australian Limestone Coast population, from which the specimens in this study were collected, if future studies reveal consistent differences between populations of the two forms.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>South-eastern South Australia and western Victoria (Ponder et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/139D207B88EA53CFA06B7008B9EDCB8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Sukee, Tanapan;Koehler, Anson V.;Webster, Bonnie L.;Gasser, Robin B.;Ponder, Winston F.;Young, Neil D.	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Sukee, Tanapan, Koehler, Anson V., Webster, Bonnie L., Gasser, Robin B., Ponder, Winston F., Young, Neil D. (2025): Mitogenome and nuclear rRNA gene cluster of Austropeplea subaquatilis (Tate, 1880) from South Australia, with molecular and morphological comparison of A. cf. brazieri (Smith, 1882) from Victoria (Gastropoda, Hygrophila, Lymnaeidae). ZooKeys 1255: 41-62, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1255.164109
