taxonID	type	description	language	source
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B415A0FB53248C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is common and widespread in the Palaearctic Region. It was recorded as Sciara annulata Meigen, 1818 from Taiwan (Lin & Chen 1999; Rudzinski 2004). It can be distinguished by having CuA 2 bare and apex of gonostylus not attenuated, almost equally wide along entire length.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B4134DFDFE272E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sciara hyalipennis Meigen, 1804	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B4134DFDFE272E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (male) (Menzel & Mohrig 2000; Sutou & Ito 2003). Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 facets wide. Prefrons with some setae. Palpus three-segmented. Basal segment with 2 – 4 setae and an indistinct sensory pit, 2 nd segment short, 3 rd segment elongate. Antenna usually bicolored, scape and pedicel yellowish, flagellomeres brownish. Flagellomere setae dense and nearly as long as width of flagellomere. Length / width of 4 th flagellomere: 2.5 – 4.1. Thorax. Posterior pronotum bare. Anterior pronotum and episternum 1 with some setae. Mesonotum with some dorsocentral and lateral setae. Mediotergite bare or with some setae. Scutellum usually with four long setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into 2 – 3 parts. Tibial spurs 1: 2: 2, and longer than width of tibial apex. Tarsal claws not toothed or with some teeth. Wings. R 1, R 5, M 1, M 2, and CuA 1 with dorsal setae. r-m, stM and CuA 2 bare or with some setae on dorsal side. R 5 and sometimes R 1, M 1, and M 2 with ventral setae. Halter with some setae. Hypopygium. Gonocoxite with no intercoxal lobe. Gonostylus unmodified, with distinct apical tooth and some subapical megasetae. Tegmen in most species with rounded apex.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFB827B41740FCFB2050.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first recorded in Honshu, Japan (Sutou & Ito 2003) and is new to China (Heilongjiang). The Chinese specimens examined show no distinct differences from the Japanese specimens. However the basal segment of the palpus in the Chinese specimens have three setae, while the Japanese specimens have two setae; the length / width of 4 th flagellomere is 2.9 in the Chinese specimens but 3.5 in the Japanese specimens (Sutou & Ito 2003); and r-m and bM are subequal in length in the Japanese specimens but r-m is shorter in the Chinese specimens, r-m / bM 0.85.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411.taxon	description	Description (Male). Body length: 1.68 mm. Color. Antenna bicolored, flagellomeres brown, scape and pedicel yellow; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 1 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 17 setae. Basal segment of palpus with three setae, with an indistinct sensory pit; 2 nd segment with eight setae; 3 rd segment with eight setae. Length of 4 th flagellomere: 0.13 mm, length / width: 2.70. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with four setae, episternum 1 with seven setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, subdivided into two parts (Fig. 1 C). Length of spur / width of tibia: fore leg 2.00. Length of metatarsus / length of tibia: fore leg 0.79, hind leg 0.48. Length of hind tibia / length of thorax: 1.76. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 1 D). Wing length 1.87 mm, width / length: 0.43. CuA 1, CuA 2, and r-m with dorsal setae. bM bare. R 1, R 5, M 1, and M 2 with both dorsal and ventral setae along their entire length. stM weakly visible, with some setae. Haltere with one row of setae. c / w: 0.70. R 1 / R: 0.97. r-m / bM: 1.43. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, attenuated apically, and with apical tooth and six subapical megasetae (Fig. 1 F). Tegmen longer than broad, with very fine aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme slender (Fig. 1 E). Female. Unknown.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is similar to C. constrictans (Edwards, 1927) in having dorsal setae on r-m, stM, and CuA 2, and both dorsal and ventral setae on R 1, R 5, M 1, and M 2. However, it is distinguished by having a gonostylus that is slender and attenuated apically, while C. constrictans is almost equally wide along entire length. Additionally, length / width of the 4 th flagellomere is 2.70 in the new species, while it is 4 in C. constrictans. Moreover, the body length of C. mutisetosa was 1.68 mm, which is much smaller than C. constrictans, which was about 3 mm.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after its setose ventral R 1, M 1, and M 2 veins.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326.taxon	description	Description (Male). Body length: 3.02 mm. Color. Antenna brown; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 2 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 16 setae. Palpus three-segmented, basal segment with four setae and an indistinct sensory pit, 2 nd segment with ten setae, 3 rd segment with ten setae. Length of 4 th flagellomere: 0.14 mm, length / width: 3.55. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with three setae, episternum 1 with six setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into two part (Fig. 2 C). Length of spur / width of tibia: fore leg 1.84. Length of metatarsus / length of tibia: fore leg 0.60, mid leg 0.58, hind leg 0.52. Length of hind tibia / length of thorax: 1.45. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 2 D). Wing length 2.24 mm, width / length: 0.42. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, and r-m with dorsal setae. bM bare. R 5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third. stM well visible, with dorsal setae. Halter with two rows of setae. c / w: 0.72. R 1 / R: 0.97. r-m / bM: 1.27. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, and with an apical tooth and four subapical megasetae (Fig. 2 F). Tegmen attenuated at apex, with no distinct aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme long (Fig. 2 E). Female. Unknown.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is similar to C. insolita (Sasakawa, 1994) in having unicolor antenna; 4 – 5 setae on basal segment of palpus; r-m, stM, and CuA 2 with setae; R 1 nearly as long as R and subequal body length. It differs from C. insolita by having R 5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third, claws not toothed and tegmen attenuated at the apex. The most obvious difference is in the subapical megasetae of the gonostylus: the new species has four, while C. insolita has 7 – 9.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after its similarity to C. insolita.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBF27B411B8FB0C26B7.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBF27B411B8FB0C26B7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is previously recorded only from New Zealand. It is a very variable species and distinct infraspecific variation has been found in specimens from different localities. Mohrig and Jaschhof (1999) divided it into four forms: a, b, and c, and another transitional form. The Chinese specimens have three setae on r-m, gonostylus rather slender and attenuated apically, tegmen with very fine aedeagal teeth and aedeagal apodeme narrow and short, and showed transitional features between all three forms: wing similar to form a, gonostylus shape and tegmen similar to form b. However, the body length of the three Chinese specimens is 1.76 – 2.18 mm, which is less than the 2.2 – 3 mm for the New Zealand specimens.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053.taxon	description	Description (Male). Body length: 1.57 mm. Color. Antenna bicolored, flagellomeres brown, scape and pedicel yellowish-brown; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 4 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 14 setae. Palpus threesegmented, basal segment with three setae and an indistinct narrow sensory pit, 2 nd segment with seven setae, 3 rd segment with nine setae. Length of 4 th flagellomere: 0.11 mm, length / width: 2.81. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with two setae, episternum 1 with four setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into three parts (Fig. 4 C). Length of spur / width of tibia: fore leg 1.89. Length of metatarsus / length of tibia: fore leg 0.53, mid leg 0.51, hind leg 0.36. Length of hind tibia / length of thorax: 1.78. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 4 D). Wing length 1.75 mm, width / length: 0.46. M 1, M 2, CuA 1, CuA 2, and r-m with setae. bM bare. R 5 with dorsal and ventral setae from the intermediate part. stM weakly visible, without setae. Halter with two rows of setae. c / w: 0.70. R 1 / R: 0.84. r-m / bM: 0.85. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, and with distinct apical tooth and six subapical megasetae (Fig. 4 F). Tegmen quadrangular, with very fine aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme small and short (Fig. 4 E). Female. Unknown.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is similar to C. rufulenta and C. insolita in having setae on r-m (setose in some individuals of C. rufulenta) and CuA 2; R 5 with both dorsal and ventral setae; and gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, with 5 – 8 subapical megasetae. It is distinguished by having a quadrangular tegmen and R 5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical half. The species is about 1.57 mm in body length, and is smaller than both C. rufulenta and C. insolita, which are 2.2 – 3 mm. Moreover, stM is setose in C. insolita, but bare in C. xijingensis.	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after its type locality (Mt. Xijingshan).	en	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
