identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B410ADFA7020B8.text	8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B410ADFA7020B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the species of  Ctenosciara in China (males) </p>
            <p>1. Wing vein CuA2 with setae ........................................................................................................................................... 2</p>
            <p> - Wing vein CuA2 bare ...............................................................................................................  C. japonica Sutou &amp; Ito </p>
            <p> 2. R1, R5, M1, and M2 with both ventral and dorsal setae (Fig. 1 D) .................................................  C. mutisetosa sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- R1, M1, and M2 without ventral setae (Fig. 2 D, 3D, 4D)............................................................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Tegmen as long as broad, quadrangular (Fig. 4 E). R5 with dorsal and ventral setae on the apical half (Fig. 4 D) ......... .....................................................................................................................................................  C. xijingensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- Tegmen longer than broad, apically rounded (Fig. 2 E, 3E). R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third or along its entire length (Fig. 2 D, 3D)......................................................................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third (Fig. 2 D). Gonostylus with four subapical megasetae (Fig. 2 F) .........................................................................................................................................  C. pseudoinsolita sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- R5 with dorsal and ventral setae along its entire length (Fig. 3 D). Gonostylus with 5–8 subapical megasetae (Fig. 3 F) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Apex of gonostylus attenuated (Fig. 3 E) ...................................................................................  C. rufulenta (Edwards)</p>
            <p> - Apex of gonostylus not attenuated, almost equally wide along entire length ........................  C. hyalipennis (Meigen)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B410ADFA7020B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B415A0FB53248C.text	8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B415A0FB53248C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara hyalipennis (Meigen 1804) Meigen 1804	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara hyalipennis (Meigen, 1804)</p>
            <p> Sciara hyalipennis Meigen, 1804: 99 . </p>
            <p> Ctenosciara hyalipennis Tuomikoski, 1960: 110 . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is common and widespread in the Palaearctic Region. It was recorded as  Sciara annulata Meigen, 1818 from Taiwan (Lin &amp; Chen 1999; Rudzinski 2004). It can be distinguished by having CuA2 bare and apex of gonostylus not attenuated, almost equally wide along entire length. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B415A0FB53248C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B4134DFDFE272E.text	8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B4134DFDFE272E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara Tuomikoski 1960	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Ctenosciara Tuomikoski, 1960</p>
            <p> Type species:  Sciara hyalipennis Meigen, 1804</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (male) (Menzel &amp; Mohrig 2000; Sutou &amp; Ito 2003). Head. Eye bridge 3–4 facets wide. Prefrons with some setae. Palpus three-segmented. Basal segment with 2–4 setae and an indistinct sensory pit, 2nd segment short, 3rd segment elongate. Antenna usually bicolored, scape and pedicel yellowish, flagellomeres brownish. Flagellomere setae dense and nearly as long as width of flagellomere. Length/width of 4th flagellomere: 2.5–4.1. Thorax. Posterior pronotum bare. Anterior pronotum and episternum1 with some setae. Mesonotum with some dorsocentral and lateral setae. Mediotergite bare or with some setae. Scutellum usually with four long setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into 2–3 parts. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, and longer than width of tibial apex. Tarsal claws not toothed or with some teeth. Wings. R1, R5, M1, M2, and CuA1 with dorsal setae. r-m, stM and CuA2 bare or with some setae on dorsal side. R5 and sometimes R1, M1, and M2 with ventral setae. Halter with some setae. Hypopygium. Gonocoxite with no intercoxal lobe. Gonostylus unmodified, with distinct apical tooth and some subapical megasetae. Tegmen in most species with rounded apex.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A71FFBB27B4134DFDFE272E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A71FFB827B41740FCFB2050.text	8E1B87F26A71FFB827B41740FCFB2050.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara japonica Sutou & Ito 2003	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara japonica Sutou &amp; Ito, 2003</p>
            <p> Ctenosciara japonica Sutou &amp; Ito, 2003: 122 –124. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined. 1 Male. China, Heilongjiang province, Wuying, Fenlin Nature Reserve, 14–16 Xiaoban, 48°05.114΄N, 129°19.153΄E, sweep-net, 20.VII.2008, Hua-Bing Kong [SM00199].</p>
            <p>Diagnostic characters (Male). Antenna bicolored, 4th flagellomere about 3.5 times as long as wide. CuA2, r-m, and bM with no setae; R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only in the distal part; r-m/bM: 1; R1/R: 2/3; c/w: 2/3–3/4. Apex of sternite 10 with two obvious setae. Gonostylus slender and attenuated apically, tegmen rounded apically and nearly as long as wide.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This species was first recorded in Honshu, Japan (Sutou &amp; Ito 2003) and is new to China (Heilongjiang). The Chinese specimens examined show no distinct differences from the Japanese specimens. However the basal segment of the palpus in the Chinese specimens have three setae, while the Japanese specimens have two setae; the length/width of 4th flagellomere is 2.9 in the Chinese specimens but 3.5 in the Japanese specimens (Sutou &amp; Ito 2003); and r-m and bM are subequal in length in the Japanese specimens but r-m is shorter in the Chinese specimens, r-m/bM 0.85.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A71FFB827B41740FCFB2050	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411.text	8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara mutisetosa Wu & Zhang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara mutisetosa Wu &amp; Zhang sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 1 A–E</p>
            <p>Specimens examined. Holotype, male. China, Yunnan province, Tengchong, Jietou, Shaba, Mt. Tiantaishan, 2142 m, 25°24.524΄N, 98°42.735΄E, sweep-net, 13.V.2009, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00927]. Paratypes. 1 male, same data as holotype [SM00924]. Mid leg lost in the holotype.</p>
            <p>Description (Male). Body length: 1.68 mm. Color. Antenna bicolored, flagellomeres brown, scape and pedicel yellow; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 1 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 17 setae. Basal segment of palpus with three setae, with an indistinct sensory pit; 2nd segment with eight setae; 3rd segment with eight setae. Length of 4th flagellomere: 0.13 mm, length/width: 2.70. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with four setae, episternum1 with seven setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, subdivided into two parts (Fig. 1 C). Length of spur/width of tibia: fore leg 2.00. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: fore leg 0.79, hind leg 0.48. Length of hind tibia/length of thorax: 1.76. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 1 D). Wing length 1.87 mm, width/length: 0.43. CuA1, CuA2, and r-m with dorsal setae. bM bare. R1, R5, M1, and M2 with both dorsal and ventral setae along their entire length. stM weakly visible, with some setae. Haltere with one row of setae. c/w: 0.70. R1/R: 0.97. r-m/bM: 1.43. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, attenuated apically, and with apical tooth and six subapical megasetae (Fig. 1 F). Tegmen longer than broad, with very fine aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme slender (Fig. 1 E).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The species is similar to  C. constrictans (Edwards, 1927) in having dorsal setae on r-m, stM, and CuA2, and both dorsal and ventral setae on R1, R5, M1, and M2. However, it is distinguished by having a gonostylus that is slender and attenuated apically, while  C. constrictans is almost equally wide along entire length. Additionally, length/width of the 4th flagellomere is 2.70 in the new species, while it is 4 in  C. constrictans . Moreover, the body length of  C. mutisetosa was 1.68 mm, which is much smaller than  C. constrictans , which was about 3 mm. </p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named after its setose ventral R1, M1, and M2 veins.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A72FFB827B4122AFB8A2411	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326.text	8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara pseudoinsolita Wu & Zhang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara pseudoinsolita Wu &amp; Zhang sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 2 A–F</p>
            <p>Specimens examined. Holotype, male. China, Zhejiang province, Wenzhou, Taishun, Wuyanling Nature Reserve, 700 m, 27°21.193΄N, 119°38.133΄E, malaise trap, 20.VII.2005, Xiao-Qing Cheng [SM00813]. Paratype. 1 male, China, Zhejiang province, Lishui, Mt. Fengyangshan, plant nursery, 28°04΄N, 119°08΄E, malaise trap, 12.VII.2007, Sheng-Long Liu [SM00293].</p>
            <p>Description (Male). Body length: 3.02 mm. Color. Antenna brown; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 2 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 16 setae. Palpus three-segmented, basal segment with four setae and an indistinct sensory pit, 2nd segment with ten setae, 3rd segment with ten setae. Length of 4th flagellomere: 0.14 mm, length/ width: 3.55. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with three setae, episternum1 with six setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into two part (Fig. 2 C). Length of spur/width of tibia: fore leg 1.84. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: fore leg 0.60, mid leg 0.58, hind leg 0.52. Length of hind tibia/length of thorax: 1.45. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 2 D). Wing length 2.24 mm, width/length: 0.42. M1, M2, CuA1, CuA2, and r-m with dorsal setae. bM bare. R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third. stM well visible, with dorsal setae. Halter with two rows of setae. c/w: 0.72. R1/R: 0.97. r-m/bM: 1.27. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, and with an apical tooth and four subapical megasetae (Fig. 2 F). Tegmen attenuated at apex, with no distinct aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme long (Fig. 2 E).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is similar to  C. insolita (Sasakawa, 1994) in having unicolor antenna; 4–5 setae on basal segment of palpus; r-m, stM, and CuA2 with setae; R1 nearly as long as R and subequal body length. It differs from  C. insolita by having R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical third, claws not toothed and tegmen attenuated at the apex. The most obvious difference is in the subapical megasetae of the gonostylus: the new species has four, while  C. insolita has 7–9. </p>
            <p> Etymology. The species is named after its similarity to  C. insolita . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A72FFBF27B416EEFC3A2326	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBF27B411B8FB0C26B7.text	8E1B87F26A75FFBF27B411B8FB0C26B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara rufulenta (Edwards 1927) Edwards 1927	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara rufulenta (Edwards, 1927)</p>
            <p>Fig. 3 A–F</p>
            <p> Sciara rufulenta Edwards, 1927 in Tonnoir &amp; Edwards, 1927: 794. </p>
            <p> Sciara vicarians Edwards, 1927 in Tonnoir &amp; Edwards, 1927: 793 –794.  Ctenosciara rufulenta (Edwards, 1927) Menzel &amp; Mohrig, 2000: 701 . </p>
            <p>Specimens examined. 1 Male, China, Yunnan province, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan, Langsu, 1366 m, 24°37.112΄N, 97°38.418΄E, sweep-net, 17.V.2009, Jie Zeng [SM00561]. 1 male, China, Yunnan province, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan, Mulianhuatang, 1341 m, 24°36.004΄N, 97°39.139΄E, sweep-net, 20.V.2009, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00705].</p>
            <p>Diagnostic characters (Male) (Fig. 3 A-F). Body length: 2.2–3 mm. Eye bridge 3–4 facets wide. Length/ width of 4th flagellomere: 3.5–4. R1 and branches of M with no ventral setae, R1/R = 2/3, with dorsal and ventral setae along its entire length. Gonostylus with 5–8 subapical megasetae, of variable shape.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The species is previously recorded only from New Zealand. It is a very variable species and distinct infraspecific variation has been found in specimens from different localities. Mohrig and Jaschhof (1999) divided it into four forms: a, b, and c, and another transitional form. The Chinese specimens have three setae on r-m, gonostylus rather slender and attenuated apically, tegmen with very fine aedeagal teeth and aedeagal apodeme narrow and short, and showed transitional features between all three forms: wing similar to form a, gonostylus shape and tegmen similar to form b. However, the body length of the three Chinese specimens is 1.76–2.18 mm, which is less than the 2.2–3 mm for the New Zealand specimens.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A75FFBF27B411B8FB0C26B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053.text	8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenosciara xijingensis Wu & Zhang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenosciara xijingensis Wu &amp; Zhang sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 4 A–F</p>
            <p>Specimens examined. Holotype, male. China, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Linan, Mt. Xijingshan, Chanyuan temple, 30°23΄N, 119°72΄E, sweep-net, 22.VI.2008, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00066]. Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype, but 21.VI.2008 [SM00013–14]; 2 males, same data as holotype, but 21.VI.2008, Junhao Huang [SM00016, SM00031].</p>
            <p>Description (Male). Body length: 1.57 mm. Color. Antenna bicolored, flagellomeres brown, scape and pedicel yellowish-brown; thorax, abdomen, hypopygium, and coxae yellowish-brown; palpus and legs yellow; wing fumose. Head (Fig. 4 A, B). Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 14 setae. Palpus threesegmented, basal segment with three setae and an indistinct narrow sensory pit, 2nd segment with seven setae, 3rd segment with nine setae. Length of 4th flagellomere: 0.11 mm, length/width: 2.81. Thorax. Anterior pronotum with two setae, episternum1 with four setae. Apex of fore tibia with a comb-like row of setae, and subdivided into three parts (Fig. 4 C). Length of spur/width of tibia: fore leg 1.89. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: fore leg 0.53, mid leg 0.51, hind leg 0.36. Length of hind tibia/length of thorax: 1.78. Tarsal claws not toothed. Wings (Fig. 4 D). Wing length 1.75 mm, width/length: 0.46. M1, M2, CuA1, CuA2, and r-m with setae. bM bare. R5 with dorsal and ventral setae from the intermediate part. stM weakly visible, without setae. Halter with two rows of setae. c/w: 0.70. R1/R: 0.84. r-m/bM: 0.85. Hypopygium. Gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, and with distinct apical tooth and six subapical megasetae (Fig. 4 F). Tegmen quadrangular, with very fine aedeagal teeth; aedeagal apodeme small and short (Fig. 4 E).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The new species is similar to  C. rufulenta and  C. insolita in having setae on r-m (setose in some individuals of  C. rufulenta ) and CuA2; R5 with both dorsal and ventral setae; and gonostylus rather slender, slightly attenuated apically, with 5–8 subapical megasetae. It is distinguished by having a quadrangular tegmen and R5 with dorsal and ventral setae only on the apical half. The species is about 1.57 mm in body length, and is smaller than both  C. rufulenta and  C. insolita , which are 2.2–3 mm. Moreover, stM is setose in  C. insolita , but bare in  C. xijingensis . </p>
            <p>Etymology. The species is named after its type locality (Mt. Xijingshan).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1B87F26A75FFBC27B41548FBCB2053	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Wu, Hong;Zhang, Su-Jiong;Huang, Junhao	Wu, Hong, Zhang, Su-Jiong, Huang, Junhao (2010): The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa 2560: 42-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197013
