taxonID	type	description	language	source
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: female on slide (slide code: HNHM-collpr- 800), Csáfordjánosfa, com. Gyôr-Moson- Sopron (Hungary), 161 m asl, N 47 ° 24 ' 45 " E 16 ° 57 ' 52 ", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15. iv. 2017, leg. D. Winkler. Paratypes: 2 males (slide codes HNHM-collpr- 801 and WD-coll- 111) and 2 females (slide code: WDcoll- 112 and LP 532) on slides; same data as holotype. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM), Budapest. Two paratypes preserved in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Sopron, Hungary; one paratype kept in E. Mateos’ collection. Other material. 2 females, Rum, Rumi Forest, com. Gyôr-Moson-Sopron (Hungary), 181 m above sea level, N 47 ° 05 ' 39 " E 16 ° 49 ' 41 ", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15. vii. 2017, leg. D. Winkler & Sz. Safián. Preserved in 96 % alcohol (vial code: PSE-CSA-v 014) in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Sopron, Hungary.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small-sized Pseudosinella species, eyes and pigmentation absent. Labial chaetotaxy M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2, r strongly reduced. Dorsal macrochaetae formula R 0 R 1 R 2 R 3 TP / 32 / 0201 + 2 s (Fig. 6). Abdominal tergite II chaetotaxy: pABq 1 q 2. Abd. IV accessory chaeta s anteriorly to trichobothrial complex present. Antennae and legs without scales. Unguis with one odd tooth, unguiculus outer lamella serrated.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the locus typicus (Csáford-forest).	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	description	Description. Holotype body length 1.26 mm (without head nor furca), paratypes 0.76 – 1.10 mm. Without pigment (Fig. 1). Antennal length to head diagonal length ratio 1.4 – 1.6 (head diagonal measured from the cervical edge to apex of mouth part). Relation of antennal joints I – IV as 1: 2.1: 1.8: 3.4. Ant. III sensillary organ composed of two leaf-like sensilla, two guard sensilla and a short rod (Fig. 2). Ant. IV without apical bulb. Arrangement of chaetae on labrum 4 / 554, prelabral chaetae ciliated, first, second and apical row of labral chaetae smooth (Fig. 3). Labrum intrusion inverted U-shaped, labral edge with no differentiated papillae (Fig. 3). Outer maxillary palp with two smooth chaetae and three smooth sublobal hairs. Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) on papilla E slightly curved, surpassing top of papilla (Fig. 4). Labial anterior row formed by 5 smooth chaetae (a 1 – a 5); formula of basal row M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 with all chaetae ciliated except for vestigial smooth microchaeta r. Ventral cephalic grove with 4 + 4 ciliated chaetae (Fig. 5). Other postlabial chaetae ciliated except for three strongly reduced smooth microchaetae (Fig. 5). Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae formula R 0 R 1 R 2 R 3 TP (Fig. 7). Following AMS notation system the dorsal head macrochaetae are: R 0 = A 0, R 1 = A 2, R 2 = A 3, R 3 = M 1, T = S 3, and P = Pa 5. Maximum number of macrochaetae An on head 8 + 8 (Fig. 7). Eyes absent. Body macrochaetae 32 / 0201 + 2 (Fig. 7). Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II – III and abd. I as on Figs 8 – 10. Mesothorax with three macrochaetae (p 2, p 3 and p 5). Two anterolateral S-chaetae (al and ms) also present. Th. III with two macrochaetae (p 2 and p 3). Anterolateral sensillum al present. Abd. I with lateral S-microchaeta (ms) external to a 6. Chaetotaxy of abd. II – III as in Figs 11 – 12. Abd. II chaetotaxy between two dorso-medial trichobothria pABq 1 q 2 using Gisin’s symbols (Gisin 1967 b); following Szeptycki (1979) notation p = a 2 p, A = a 2, B = m 3, q 1 = m 3 e and q 2 = p 4. Length of macrochaeta B near double (1.9 x) of macrochaeta A. Abd. III chaeta d 3 present. Chaetotaxy and trichobothrial complex on abd. IV as in Figs 13 – 14. Macrochaetae B 5, B 6, C 1, D 3, E 2, E 3, E 4, F 1 and F 3 broader with broad socket, while D 2, D 3 p, De 1, De 3, E 1, E 4 p, E 4 p 2, F 3 p, Fe 5, T 6 and T 7 thinner with smaller socket. Abd. IV chaetae associated with two trichobotria fan-shaped. Accessory chaeta s associated with trichobotrium T 2 present. Abd. V with three S-chaetae typical for Pseudosinella. Legs without scales. Trochanteral organ with up to 13 smooth spiny chaetae forming a V shape pattern (Fig. 15). Unguis and unguiculus as in Fig. 16. Unguis with sub-equal paired basal teeth at 35 % from inner edge, and with unpaired inner tooth at 52 % from inner edge. A small apical tooth at 86 % present in two specimens (Fig. 16), but absent in all other specimens. A short external tooth also present. Unguiculus lanceolate, external lamella serrated from the middle of lamella. Tibiotarsal tenent hair spatulate, supraempodial chaeta smooth and acuminate. Ratio of supraempodial chaeta / unguiculus around 1.0. Ventral tube without scales; 6 + 6 ciliated chaetae on anterior side and 5 + 5 ciliated chaetae on posterior side; lateral flap with a maximum of 2 smooth and 5 ciliated chaetae (Fig. 17). Mucro as on Fig. 18. Manubrium ventrally with scales. Manubrial plate with 2 inner chaetae and 2 chaetae outer the 2 pseudopores (Fig. 19).	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution. P. csafordi sp. nov. was found in the upper layer and litter of an old-growth alluvial oak-elm-ash relict forest fragment (Fig. 20). Its soil is soggy by floods in early spring, triggering a mass blooming of the Spring Snowflake (Leucojum vernum). This new Pseudosinella is a silvicolous, phytodetriticolous and hygrophil species.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD85956AFAE521D840AA0AB.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Based only on the simple four digit code (Rxxx) of dorsal head macrochaetotaxy commonly used for Pseudosinella species description, it is not possible to discern the topology of dorsal head macrochaetae (and for this reason no such code is given for P. csafordi sp. nov.). The first digit (R) refers to the presence or absence of R macrochaetae, without specifying the exact name or number of chaetae (R 1, R 2 or R 3). The second digit (number) usually refers to the presence-absence of macrochaeta S, but it is also used for indicating the presence of R 3 which can lead to confusion. The third digit (number) indicates the presence-absence of macrochatea T (and also of T’ in some species), while the fourth digit (number) refers to the presence-absence of subocular macrochaeta P. Species with formula R 111 can actually bear the macrochaetae R 0 R 1 R 2 STP but can also be interpreted as R 0 R 1 R 2 R 3 TP. On the other hand, also R 011 can be defined not only as R 0 R 1 R 2 TP, but also as R 0 R 1 R 2 R 3 TP. It is therefore necessary to revise all species without eyes and with dorsal macrochaetae formulae of either R 111 / 32 / 0201 + 2 or R 011 / 32 / 0201 + 2 to justify the new species status of P. csafordi sp. nov. (Table 1). By reviewing the related literature and also using the electronic Delta key of Pseudosinella (Jordana et al. 2016), the presence of macrochaeta R 3 was not confirmed in any of the species listed in Table 1. Accordingly, P. csafordi sp. nov. has a unique dorsal macrochaetae formula among the species without eyes, being the only one bearing dorsal cephalic macrochaeta R 3. Except for the presence of the R 3 macrochaeta, the new species is similar to P. subilliciens Mateos 1993 and P. jacetanica Jordana & Baquero 2007, sharing the same basal labial chaetotaxy, the presence of abd. IV accessory chaeta s and similar morphology of claw. P. csafordi sp. nov. differs from P. subilliciens by the smooth anterior labial chaetae a 1 – a 5 (short-ciliated in P. subilliciens), while clavate tenent hair differentiates the new species from P. jacetanica (tenent hair acuminate). Further species with the same labial chaetotaxy include P. aelleni, Gama, 1973, P. lamperti (Schäffer, 1900) and P. noseki Rusek, 1985, but all of these species miss the supplementary chaeta s on abd. IV. Furthermore, both P. aelleni and P. lamperti are cave related species, while P. csafordi sp. nov. was found in soil-surface habitat. The remaining species (P. arrasatensis Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al. 2002, P. dobati Gisin, 1965, P. duprei Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al. 2002, P. gineti Cassagnau, 1955, P. inflata Bonet, 1929, P. pieltaini Bonet, 1929, P. subinflata Gisin & Gama, 1969, P. subterranea Bonet, 1929, P. tarraconensis Bonet, 1929 and P. unguiculata Bonet, 1929) are all cave related, and besides from the absence of dorsal cephalic marcochaeta R 3, the pattern of basal labial chaetae clearly differentiates them from P. csafordi sp. nov. (Table 1). TABLE I. Comparison of P. csafordi sp. nov. with relateđ species with đorsal trunk macrochaetae formula / 32 / 020 I + 2 anđ đorsal abđ. II chaetotaxy pABqIq 2; Dorsal heađ cođe: đorsal heađ macrochaetae cođe from literature (n. a. ̅ cođe not assigneđ đue to uncertain interpretation); Dorsal heađ chaetotaxy: actual đetaileđ đorsal cephalic formula of macrochaetae; Labium: basal labial chaetotaxy; Abđ. IV s: presence (+) or absence (̅) of abđ. IV supplementary chaeta s; Tenent hair: morphology of tenent hair on claw III ̅ (a) acuminate, c (clavate); Unguis inner teeth: number of teeth of inner unguis; Ungual wing tooth: presence (+) or absence (̅) of ungual wing tooth; Unguiculus: (a) acuminate, (c) clavate, (bs) basally swollen, (s) outer eđge serrate, (̅) outer eđge not serrate; Unguiculus tooth: presence (+) or absence (̅) of outer (wing) tooth on unguiculus; Habitat: type of habitat.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: female on slide (slide code: HNHM-collpr- 802), Rigó Mount, Börzsöny Mountains, com. Pest (Hungary), 310 m asl, N 47 ° 46 ' 32 " E 18 ° 56 ' 12 ", from soil-litter, hand collecting, 11. iv. 2017, leg. D. Winkler. Paratypes: two females (slide codes HNHM-collpr- 803 and WD-coll- 114) and one male (slide code: WDcoll- 115) on slides; 8 specimens in alcohol (vial code HNHM-coll- 954); same data as holotype. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest; two paratypes preserved in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry, Sopron, Hungary.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small white species, eyes absent. Labial chaetotaxy M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2, chaeta r strongly reduced. Dorsal macrochaetae formula R 0 R 1 s R 1 R 2 TP / 10 / 0201 + 2. Abdominal tergite II chaetotaxy: pABq 1 q 2. Abd. IV accessory chaeta s anteriorly to trichobothrial complex absent. Antennae and legs without scales. Unguis with one odd tooth, unguiculus outer lamella smooth.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Dr. Wolfram Dunger, who made an extensive research on the Collembola fauna of the Börzsöny Mountauins, Hungary, describing from there seven species new to science and 30 species new for the Hungarian fauna.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	description	Description. Holotype body length 0.79 mm (without head nor furca), paratypes 0.73 – 0.94 mm. Body without pigment (Fig. 21). Antennae and legs without scales, manubrium ventrally with scales. Antennal length to head diagonal length ratio 1.4 – 1.6. Relation of antennal segments I – IV as 1: 1.8: 1.6: 3.2. Sensillary organ on ant. III with two leaf-like sensilla, two guard sensilla and a short rod (Fig. 22). Apical bulb on ant. IV absent. Ciliated prelabral chaetae and smooth labral chaetae in typical arrangement and number 4 / 554 (Fig. 23). Labral apical intrusion inverted U-shaped (Fig. 23), labral edge with no differentiated papillae. Maxillary palp with two smooth lobal chaetae and three smooth sublobal chaetae. Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) of outer (E) labial papilla slightly curved, surpassing top of papilla (Fig. 24). Labial anterior row consists of 5 smooth chaetae (a 1 – a 5); formula of basal row M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 with all chaetae ciliated except for strongly reduced smooth microchaeta r (Fig. 25). Ventral cephalic grove with 4 + 4 ciliated chaetae (Fig. 25). Among ciliated postlabial chaetae two vestigial smooth microchaetae also present (Fig. 25). Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae formula R 0 R 1 R 2 TP, with a short supplementary macrochaetae R 1 s between R 0 and R 1 (Fig. 27). Following AMS notation system the dorsal head macrochaetae are: R 0 = A 0, R 1 s = A 2 s, R 1 = A 2, R 2 = A 3, T = S 3, and P = Pa 5. Maximum number of macrochaetae An on head 8 + 8 (Fig. 27). Eyes absent. Body macrochaetae 10 / 0201 + 2 (Fig. 26). Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II – III and abd. I as on Figs 28 – 30. Mesothorax with p 3 as macrochaeta. Anterolateral S-chaetae al and ms present. th. III without macrochaetae. Anterolateral sensillum al present. Abd. I chaetae a 3, a 5 and a 6 absent, lateral S-microchaeta (ms) present. Chaetotaxy of abd. II – III as in Figs 31 – 32. Abd. II chaetotaxy between two dorso-medial trichobothria pABq 1 q 2 using Gisin’s symbols (Gisin 1967 b); following Szeptycki (1979) system p = a 2 p, A = a 2, B = m 3, q 1 = m 3 e and q 2 = p 4. Length of macrochaeta B equal to 2.5 x macrochaetae A and m 5. Macrochaeta B broad, A and especially m 5 thinner. Abd. II chaeta ml absent. Abd. III with p 6 as smooth mesochaeta. Abd. III chaeta d 3 present with occasional bilateral asymmetry present – absent. S-microchaeta (ms) next to chaeta p 5 present. Chaetotaxy and trichobothrial complex on abd. IV as in Figs 33 – 34. Macrochaetae B 5, B 6, C 1, D 3, E 2, E 3, E 4, F 1 and F 3 broader with broad socket, while D 2, De 3, E 1, E 4 p, E 4 p 2, F 3 p, T 6 and T 7 thinner with smaller socket. Abd. IV chaetae associated with two trichobotria fan-shaped. Accessory chaeta s associated with trichobotrium T 2 absent. Apart from typical S-chaetae as and ps, two elongated dorsomedial sensilla also present. Abd. V with three S-chaetae typical for Pseudosinella. Legs without scales. Trochanteral organ with up to 11 smooth spiny chaetae forming a V shape pattern (Fig. 35). Unguis and unguiculus of claw III as in Fig. 36. Unguis with paired basal teeth different in size at 48 % from inner edge, and with unpaired tooth at 67 % from inner edge. A small external tooth also present. Unguiculus lanceolate with smooth outer margin. Tibiotarsal tenent hair clavate, supraempodial chaeta smooth and acuminate. Ratio of supraempodial chaeta / unguiculus around 1.3. Ventral tube without scales; 5 + 5 ciliated chaetae on anterior side and 6 + 6 ciliated chaetae on posterior side (Fig. 37); lateral flap with a maximum of 2 smooth and 5 ciliated chaetae. Mucro as on Fig. 38. Manubrial plate with 2 inner chaetae and 2 chaetae outer the 2 pseudopores (Fig. 39). Variability. Morphology of abd. IV chaeta E 1 shows bilateral asymmetry (thin ciliated macrochaeta on one side and smooth mesochaeta on the other) in two specimens. In a single case, abd. IV chaeta C 1 p is duplicated on one side, showing different morphologies (both smooth and ciliated mesochaetae).	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution. The specimens of P. dungeri sp. nov. were found in low abundance in the upper soil layer of a sub-pannonic steppic grassland patch and in the edge of the pubescent oak forests around (Fig. 40). Based on the known distribution and habitat associations, this new Pseudosinella species can be considered xerothermophilous.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
883C87CAFFD35950AFAE51908249A042.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The only blind species with the same dorsal macrochaetae formula (R 0 R 1 R 2 TP / 10 / 0201 + 2) is the cavernicolous Pseudosinella stygia Bonet, 1931 (Table 2). There is a marked difference, however, regarding the macrochaetae of abd. II. While P. dungeri sp. nov. has A and B as macrochaetae, P. stygia is one of the rare species with Q 1 developed as macrochaeta. The new species differs from P. stygia also by the labial chaetae. Except for the vestigial smooth microchaeta r, all chaetae are ciliated in P. dungeri sp. nov., while all chaetae, with a rare exception of M 1 ciliated, are smooth in P. stygia. As reported by Gisin & Gama (1972) in the redescription of P. stygia, abd. II microchaeta p and abd. IV supplementary chaeta s could not be observed neither in the type material nor in the topotypic specimen, however, their possible presence was not excluded by the authors considering the condition of the material examined. From the mentioned chaetae only abd. II p is present in P. dungeri sp. nov. Differences between the two species can be observed also in the morphology of the foot complex. The unguis of P. stygia is rather elongated while it is relatively short in the new species. The two proximal teeth are close to the ungual base in P. stygia while they are situated at around the half of the unguis length in P. dungeri sp. nov. The very short unpaired internal tooth is situated at around 40 % distance from the unguis base in P. stygia, while it is well developed and positioned at 2 / 3 rds of distance from the unguis base in the new species. Tenent hair is clavate in the new species and acuminate in P. stygia. The colour of P. dungeri sp. nov. is white, while scattered pigment granules are covering the whole surface of body of P. stygia. Regarding habitat characteristics, P. dungeri sp. nov. inhabits xerophil grasslands and forest edges, while P. stygia is a rare troglobiont species confined to the cave ‘ Cueva del Castillo’ in Spain. The new species has chaeta p 6 on abd. III as smooth mesochaeta (Fig. 32) while, usually, this is a ciliated macrochaeta in Pseudosinella species.	en	Winkler, Daniel, Mateos, Eduardo (2018): New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary. Zootaxa 4382 (2): 347-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.7
