identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4D8E52D7339E539F82866FD6B9652BE3.text	4D8E52D7339E539F82866FD6B9652BE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rustitermes boteroi Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn 2020	<div><p>Rustitermes boteroi Constantini, Castro &amp; Scheffrahn sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Worker from colony labeled as UF no. PU602; the holotype is kept in a separate small vial in the same vial as the paratypes.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>PERU. Ucayali, Nueva Requena, -8.37007, -74.84366.</p><p>Type repository.</p><p>University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Termite Collection in Davie, Florida.</p><p>Paratypes. Argentina. Corrientes, Santo Tome, (-28.57900, -56.0840), 1.JUL.1998, 93 m, J.  Křeček coll. (UF no. AG360). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba, Chapare, Villa Tunari, (-18.15343, -60.03293), 26.MAY.2013, 408 m, Chase,  Křeček, Mullins, Nishimura, Mangold, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. BO85). Beni, San Javier, (-14.70207, -64.89097), 29.MAY.2013, 152m, Chase,  Křeček, Mullins, Nishimura, Mangold, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. BO375); (-14.54909, -64.88964), 29.MAY.2013, Chase,  Křeček, Mullins, Nishimura, Mangold, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. BO431, BO437). Santa Cruz,  Roboré, (-18.15343, -60.03293), 31.MAY.2013, 408 m, Chase,  Křeček, Mullins, Nishimura, Mangold, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. BO738). BRASIL. Alagoas, Quebrangulo, (-9.2288, -36.4259), 19.JUN.2000, 780 m, MP Silva coll. (MZUSP 13712). Bahia, Conde, (-11.7718, -37.7301), 15.JUN.2016, 78 m, JP Constantini coll. (MZUSP 26648).  Espírito Santo, Pedro  Canário, (-18.3557, -39.8445), 20.JUN.2016, 43 m, JP Constantini coll. (MZUSP 26652); 21.JUN.2016, (MZUSP 26676(a), 26677*).  Paraíba,  João Pessoa, (-7.1480, -34.8614), 01-20.JUN.2000, 66 m, A Vasconcellos coll. (MZUSP 13710, 13711). Pernambuco, Recife, Horto Dois  Irmãos, (-7.9999, -34.9473), s/d, 88m, A Vasconcellos coll. (MZUSP 13702). COLOMBIA. Amazonas, La Chorrera, Lago grande (-2.07066, -72.170611), 28.JUN.2016, 133 m, D. Castro coll. (CATAC-1712); Leticia, (-4.046666, -70.00566), 13.JUL.2018, 126 m, D. Castro coll. (CATAC-3137).  Caquetá,  Belén de los  Andaquíes, (+ 1.3515, -75.81178), 23.APR.2018, 280 m, H Artunduaga coll. (CATAC-3688); (+ 1.26663, -75.78983), 24.FEB.2016, 252 m, Y. Virguez coll. (CATAC-1793); (+ 1.63063, -75.90591), 28.JAN.2017, 758 m, D. Castro coll. (CATAC-0954); Florencia, (+ 1.716694, -75.61369), 29.MAR.2016, 527 m, Y. Virguez coll. (CATAC-1781); San Vicente del Caguan, (+ 2.03560, -74.91294), 14.APR.2018, 339 m, CP  Peña coll. (CATAC-1797). ECUADOR. Orellana, Tuptini, (-0.67177, -76.39793), 28.APR.2011, 223 m, Scheffrahn, Chase, Mangold,  Křeček, Myles, Nishimura and Setter coll. (UF no. EC400). FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne, Sinnamary, (+ 5.06314, -52.98479), 13.FEB.2008, 102 m, J.  Křeček coll. (UF no. FG411). PARAGUAY. Central,  Ypacaraí, (-25.38044, -57.20014), 27MAY2012, 248 m, Scheffrahn, Chase, Mangold,  Křeček and Myles coll. (UF no. PA8). PERU. Ucayali, Nueva Requena, (-8.37007, -74.84366), 29.APR.2014, 185 m, Carrijo, Chase, Constantino, Mangold, Mullins,  Křeček, Kuswanto, Nishimura, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. PU602, PU613). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Anse Fourmi, Manson Hall, (+ 11.28467, -60.60133), 31.MAY.1996, 472 m, Chase, Mangold,  Křeček, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. TT619). Guayaguayare,  Río Claro-Mayaro (+10.23516, - 61,13266), 20.MAY.2003, 41 m, Chase, Mangold,  Křeček, and Scheffrahn coll. (UF no. TT1614). VENEZUELA.  Bolívar, Cantarrana, (+ 4.46750, -61.59694), 29.APR.2004, 874 m, J. Perozo coll. (UF no. VZ1443.1).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Unarmed enteric valve with six slightly asymmetrical cushions, each one forms a central pouch made of about sixty scales, smaller than those between the cushions.</p><p>Imago. As described for the genus.</p><p>Worker (Figs 2 - 4; Table 2). Monomorphic, head capsule with long and short bristles, with more abundance of long bristles. Head capsule color varying between whitish and yellowish. Antennae with 14 articles densely covered with short hairs and some long bristles. Pronotum with long bristles, concentrated along the margins of the anterior and posterior lobes, with some sparse short bristles in the center of the pronotum. Inner face of fore tibia with two rows of 6-7 thick bristles. Inner face of fore femur with thick bristles. Mesotibia and metatibia with 25-35 long, thick bristles.</p><p>Enteric valve without armature, with six pyriform cushions of slightly different dimensions, each cushion consisting of 50-75 (depending on size of cushion) larger fringed polygons. The cuticle between the cushions is composed of even larger fringed cuboidal scales assembled close to P3.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>See remarks for genus.</p><p>Ecology and distribution.</p><p>This species was collected mainly in soil, although it can also be found at the base of trees or occasionally under pieces of wood or fallen tree limbs above ground. Very common in pastures and open areas; found in young rubber crops in great abundance, less abundant in natural forests. Range: from Trinidad and Tobago to northern Argentina and the Atlantic Forest in Brazil (see discussion below); no known records for Chile and Uruguay (Figure 6).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of the great Colombian artist Fernando Botero.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D8E52D7339E539F82866FD6B9652BE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Castro, Daniel;Constantini, Joice P.;Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.;Carrijo, Tiago F.;Cancello, Eliana M.	Castro, Daniel, Constantini, Joice P., Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F., Cancello, Eliana M. (2020): Rustitermes boteroi, a new genus and species of soldierless termites (Blattodea, Isoptera, Apicotermitinae) from South America. ZooKeys 922: 35-49, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347
A54E1CA49EE35A01BA178AC2C2747EDE.text	A54E1CA49EE35A01BA178AC2C2747EDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rustitermes Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn 2020	<div><p>Rustitermes Constantini, Castro &amp; Scheffrahn gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Enteric valve with six slightly asymmetrical cushions. Each cushion forming a central pouch made of scales smaller than those between the cushions. Each cushion composed of about 60-80 scales, wider at the base and narrower at the apex. Posterior portion of pads truncated, with 35 to 50 rectangular scales arranged from the middle to the apex of the cushion and increasing in density in this same direction.</p><p>Imago (Fig. 1; Table 1). Fontanelle inconspicuous in both sexes, the region of the fontanelle depressed; medium spot slightly conspicuous. Left mandible with apical tooth a little bit larger than M1 + 2; M3 triangular with lateral margins forming an obtuse angle; non-conspicuous premolar process; molar process not hidden by molar prominence (Fig. 2C).</p><p>Head capsule with short, sparse bristles; coloration of head capsule dark brown; frontal marks slightly lighter than rest of head capsule, with poorly defined margins. Pronotum subhexagonal, with anterior margin straight, without central incision; lateral margins very straight and well-marked; pronotum with few sparse bristles and short hairs. Tergites and sternites with short hairs covering the plates. Fore coxa with a set of 4-5 prominent long bristles; inner face of fore tibia with two rows of 6-7 thick bristles.</p><p>Worker (Figs 2 - 4). Monomorphic. Small and rounded fontanelle; postclypeus rather slightly inflated; head capsule covered with medium and long bristles. Left mandible with prominent apical tooth compared to M1 + 2, triangular M3 with lateral margins forming a right/acute angle, molar process not concealed by molar prominence. Pronotum with long bristles, concentrated along margin of anterior and posterior lobes. Tergites and sternites with dense cover of long bristles, facing the posterior region or upwards. Fore coxa with a set of 4-5 thick bristles; inner face of fore femur with long bristles. Fore tibia moderately inflated, inner face of fore tibia with two rows of 6-7 thick bristles.</p><p>Mixed segment (MS) separated from ileum (P1) by a simple transverse junction; P1 of uniform width along entire length, forming an inverted C in ventral view. Enteric valve without armature, with six pyriform cushions of slightly different dimensions, the two largest and two smallest cushions adjacent to each other. The center of each cushion is formed into a lumen-facing pouch consisting of about 60 fringed scales. The remainder of the cushions consists of 50-75 (depending on size of cushion) larger fringed polygons. The cuticle between the cushions is composed of even larger fringed cuboidal scales. All cushions are wider at base (near P1) and narrower at apex (near P3). Tubular and short EV seating. Worker measurements highly variable among and within different colonies (Table 2).</p><p>Comparison and remarks.</p><p>The digestive tube coiling of the new genus is similar to  Hydrecotermes, but  R. boteroi sp. nov. can be differentiated by the worker, which has thick bristles along the inner margin of the fore tibia, absent in  Hydrecotermes . In the workers, the enteric valve and the digestive tube may be similar to  Aparatermes, but the cuticle between the cushions in  Aparatermes does not have cuboidal scales. In  Aparatermes the insertion of P1 in P3 occurs in dorsal view with a trilobate EV setting, in  Rustitermes the enteric valve seating (EVS) is not trilobate. Also, the enteric valve of  Aparatermes has small spines or pointy scales, which are absent in  R. boteroi sp. nov.; in addition, the EV in  Aparatermes has the posterior portion of the pads without scales. The imago presents a visible molar process and fore tibia with two rows of thick bristles.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>The Bayesian phylogeny using the COI marker clearly separates  Rustitermes gen. nov. from the other soldierless termites (Figure 5). The new genus was recovered as sister group of  Patawatermes, but without high posterior probability support.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of Michael K. Rust, retired professor of urban entomology at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), and mentor of RHS. Mike encouraged RHS to publish his first taxonomic paper (Scheffrahn and Rust 1983).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A54E1CA49EE35A01BA178AC2C2747EDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Castro, Daniel;Constantini, Joice P.;Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.;Carrijo, Tiago F.;Cancello, Eliana M.	Castro, Daniel, Constantini, Joice P., Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F., Cancello, Eliana M. (2020): Rustitermes boteroi, a new genus and species of soldierless termites (Blattodea, Isoptera, Apicotermitinae) from South America. ZooKeys 922: 35-49, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347
