identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
847687C3FFCFFFE4FF4AFDEAFDB7FD74.text	847687C3FFCFFFE4FF4AFDEAFDB7FD74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bottchrus Jedlicka 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> The subgenus  Bottchrus Jedlička, 1935 , stat. n. </p>
            <p> Bottchrus Jedlička, 1935: 8 [as genus]. Type species:  Bottchrus philippinus Jedlička, 1935 , by monotypy.  Trichotichnus javanus species group sensu Schauberger, 1935: 108. </p>
            <p> Bellogenus Clarke, 1971: 264 [as genus], syn. n. Type species: Bellogenus  amazeus Clarke, 1971 , by original designation.  Pseudotrichotichnus Habu, 1973: 225 [as a subgenus of  Trichotichnus ]. Type species:  Trichotichnus nanus Habu, 1954 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The most distinctive feature of  Bottchrus is the clypeo-ocular furrows deep throughout, reaching the deep furrows around the inner margin of eyes. By this character this subgenus is rather easily distinguished from other subgenera of  Trichotichnus . Members of  Bottchrus are also characterized by the following character states: mentum with acute median tooth, either separated from submentum by complete transverse suture or fused laterally and separated medially; epilobes narrow, with inner margin more or less straight; ligular sclerite narrow at apex, with two ventral setae near apical margin; paraglossae moderately wide or somewhat narrow, rounded at apex, separated apically from ligular sclerite by narrow notch; genae wide; elytral intervals impunctate and glabrous; abdominal sternites with very short and fine pubescence or glabrous; last visible abdominal sternite in male and female with two pairs of marginal setigerous pores; metafemur with two (rarely three) setigerous pores along posterior margin; male pro- and mesotarsi with ventral biseriate vestiture; median lobe of aedeagus with apical orifice shifted leftwards; and apical stylomere with one or two peg-like spines on both ventral and dorsal edges of outer margin. In most species the males have a well developed apical capitulum of the median lobe of aedeagus, and mesotarsomere 1 not widened, slightly shorter than 2+3, without adhesive vestiture ventrally. Setae on genae, mentioned by Habu (1973) as one of the distinctive characters of  Pseudotrichotichnus , are present only in some members and should be excluded from the diagnosis of this taxon. </p>
            <p> Composition and distribution. This subgenus includes about 50 described species, with most distributed in the Southeastern Asia from Sri Lanka and Hindustan to Australia. One species,  T. amazeus (Clarke 1971) , is known from Ethiopia. The taxonomic position of some species described from New Guinea and Australia needs further study. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Schauberger (1935) was the first to recognize this taxon with 11 Oriental species placed in the  javanus species group of the genus  Trichotichnus . More recently, Habu (1973) described the same taxon as the subgenus  Pseudotrichotichnus originally for three species of  Trichotichnus from Japan and later (Habu 1975a, 1975b, 1980) described several new species from Taiwan and Ryukyus. Noonan (1985) in his revision of the Selenophori group synonymized  Pseudotrichotichnus with Bellogenus, which was described by Clarke (1971) as a monotypical genus from Ethiopia without comparison with any Asian species. This synonymy was accepted by Kirschenhofer (1992), Lorenz (1998, 2005) and Bousquet (2012). For unknown reasons Ito (1991, 1996, 1997a, 1997b, 1997c, 1998a, 1998b, 1999, 2009, 2014) continued to describe new Oriental species as members of the subgenus  Pseudotrichotichnus and cited this name as valid in the Catalogue of the Palaearctic  Coleoptera (Löbl &amp; Smetana, 2003) . My examination of the male and two females of the type series of Bellogenus  amazeus from Badabuna Forest and Belleta Forest, Ethiopia (MRACT, MNHN) and comparison them with the East Asian and the Oriental species of the subgenus  Pseudotrichotichnus sensu Habu and sensu Ito confirmed that  Pseudotrichotichnus and Bellogenus are synonyms as stated by Noonan (1985). The Ethiopian species shares with the East Asian and the Oriental species all the distinctive characters of the latter including the deep clypeo-ocular furrows reaching deep furrows around inner margin of eyes, the acute median tooth of mentum, the ligular sclerite narrowed to apex, the apical stylomere with one peg-like spine on both ventral and dorsal edges of the outer margin, and the median lobe of aedeagus with the apical orifice shifted to the left (labium, and male and female genitalia of Bellogenus  amazeus are illustrated in Figs 1–5). Additional characteristics of Bellogenus  amazeus include: left mandible truncate at apex; mentum and submentum separated by complete transverse suture; pronotal apical and basal margins bordered throughout; elytra without a discal pore on interval 3, with rudimentary parascutellar striole and with parascutellar pope; prosternum and abdominal sternites glabrous; metepisternum wider than long; and tarsi with sparse short setae dorsally.  Bottchrus philippinus described by Jedlička (1935) from the Philippines also possesses all the distinctive characters of Bellogenus and  Pseudotrichotichnus . Thus  Bottchrus becomes the valid name of the subgenus discussed and Bellogenus and  Pseudotrichotichnus are its junior synonyms. </p>
            <p> The subgenus  Bottchrus , having the deep clypeo-ocular furrows reaching the deep furrows around inner margin of eyes, is rather isolated from other members of  Trichotichnus and further investigations may demonstrate that it warrants a generic status. In the present paper, its subgeneric status is conserved because many species of  Trichotichnus should be revised. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/847687C3FFCFFFE4FF4AFDEAFDB7FD74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kataev, Boris M.	Kataev, Boris M. (2016): On taxonomic status of Bottchrus, with a description of a new brachypterous species of the genus Trichotichnus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4061 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.1.7
847687C3FFCAFFE1FF4AFA12FDC3F94C.text	847687C3FFCAFFE1FF4AFA12FDC3F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) newtoni	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) newtoni sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 10–16)</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype: ♂, "E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province, MINDANAO 5200' lot # 15 VIII:22:46", "CNHM-Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946–47) F.G. Werner leg." (FMNH).</p>
            <p>Paratypes (n = 8): 1 ♀, "E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province, MINDANAO lot # 8 5200' 21:VIII:46", "CNHM-Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946–47) F.G. Werner leg.", "sifting humus" (FMNH); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, "E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province, MINDANAO VIII:2:46", "CNHM-Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946–47) F.G. Werner leg.", "in logs", " 5400 ft " (FMNH); 1 ♀, "E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province, MINDANAO IX:46", "CNHM- Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946–47) H. Hoogstraal leg." (FMNH, ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (teneral), "E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province, MINDANAO 5600' 19:VIII:46", "CNHM-Philippine Zool. Exped. (1946–47) H. Hoogstraal leg.", "under moss on trees mossy forest" (FMNH, ZIN).</p>
            <p>Description. Habitus as in fig. 10. Body length 5.5–6.1 mm, width 2.4–2.7 mm; in holotype, 5.5 and 2.4 mm, respectively.</p>
            <p>Colour. Body piceous brown to almost black, shiny on dorsum, slightly iridescent along margins of pronotum and elytra in some specimens; labrum, base of mandibles, very narrow lateral margins of pronotum and epipleurae of elytra usually slightly paler; palpi, antennae and legs brownish yellow.</p>
            <p>Head. Comparatively large (HWmax/PWmax = 0.74–0.78; HWmin/PWmax = 0.60–0.66), impunctate, with large, very moderately convex eyes (HWmax/HWmin = 1.21–1.23 in male and 1.15–1.21 in female). Tempora comparatively long, about 0.3-0.4 times as long as eye, flat or slightly convex, sloped to neck. Genae rather wide, noticeably wider than width of antennomere 1, glabrous. Lateral margin of head between antenna and eye slightly protruding laterally, deeply bordered, forming convex bead along external ridge. Fronto-clypeal suture and frontoocular furrows rather deep, the latter continuing along inner margin of eyes up to their posterior margin. Supraorbotal setigerous pore located at level of posterior margin of eye, removed from its inner margin by width of antennomere 3. Labrum slightly concave anteriorly. Clypeus almost straight along anterior margin, slightly depressed apically and moderately convex basally. Mentum (Fig. 11) with acute medial tooth and narrow epilobes, separated from submentum by complete transverse suture. Submentum with one pare of long seta laterally. Ligular sclerite narrowed apicad, with two ventral setae just at apex. Paraglossae comparatively narrow, rounded at apex, slightly removed apically from ligular sclerite. Labial penultimate palpomere about as long as apical palpomere, with two long and one shorter setae along anterior margin. Left mandible moderately curved apically, somewhat acute at tip. Dorsal microsculpture strongly obliterated and meshes indistinct. Antennae short, extending to basal fifth of pronotum, with antennomeres 4–8 only slightly longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Pronotum. Relatively long (PWmax/PL = 1.27–1.37), widest in apical third (PWmax/PWmin = 1.23–1.30), with one lateral seta slightly before widest point. Sides very narrowly, evenly bordered throughout, rounded in anterior two thirds, slightly sinuate in posterior third. Apical margin very slightly emarginate, bordered only laterally. Apical angles slightly protruding, acute, narrowly rounded at tip. Basal margin nearly straight medially, slightly oblique laterally, not bordered and not ciliate along basal edge, approximately equal to apical margin and slightly shorter than base of elytra between humeral angles. Basal angles slightly more than right, somewhat sharp at tip. Pronotal disc convex, rather strongly sloped to apical angles, distinctly depressed latero-basally. Basal foveae flat, poorly delimited, area between them evenly convex. Surface rather coarsely and somewhat densely punctate in wide area along margins; distance between punctures approximately equal or greater than their diameter; punctation coarser and denser latero-basally. Microsculpture usually absent, in some specimens strongly obliterate wide meshes recognizable along sides apically.</p>
            <p>Elytra. Oval (in male, EL/EW = 1.38–1.45; EL/PL = 2.16–2.26; EW/PWmax = 1.19–1.23; in female, these indices 1.33–1.40, 2.28–2.36, 1.22–1.29, respectively), widest slightly behind middle, with acute apex. Humeri prominent, angularly rounded, without denticle at tip. Subapical sinuation very shallow. Sutural angle acute, blunted at tip. Basal edge slightly and evenly sinuate, forming a distinct obtuse angle with lateral margin. Striae slightly crenulate, deepened throughout. Intervals impunctate and glabrous, moderately convex, only slightly narrowed to apex. Parascutellar striole very short, often connected with stria 1; parascutellar pore present, large. Interval 3 with one small discal setigerous pore at striae 2 in or just behind middle. Marginal series of setigerous pores (umbilacate series) widely interrupted at middle, with 5-6 pores in anterior group and 7–10 pores in posterior group. Microsculpture largely absent, at most with indistinct, strongly obliterate meshes in humeral area.</p>
            <p>Wings. Reduced to tiny scales.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface. Prosternum finely pubescent. Metepisternum (Fig. 12) wider than long, strongly narrowed posteriad. Abdominal sternites glabrous, only area between metacoxae covered with very short and fine setae. Apex of last visible abdominal sternite slightly truncate in male, rounded in female, with two pairs of marginal setae in both sexes.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metacoxa with or without postero-medial seta. Protibia without longitudinal sulcus on upper surface. Profemur with five or six setae on anterio-ventral margin. Metafemur with two setae along posterior margin. Tarsi short, metatarsus shorter than HWmin, with metatarsomere 1 approximately as long as metatarsomeres 2+3. Dorsal surface of each tarsomere with few rather long setae mainly at its apical margin. Tarsomere 5 with two pairs of ventro-lateral setae. Pro- and mesotarsi of male moderately widened; mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive scales ventrally.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Figs 13–14). Laterotergite symmetrical, membranous apically, without spines or setae. Basal stylomere moderately widened apicad, with one preapical spine on external margin. Apical stylomere elongate, moderately curved, with a peg-like spine at both ventral and dorsal edges of outer margin.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Median lobe (Figs 15–16) somewhat slender, with relatively small basal bulb, rather strongly curved ventrad in basal half, with nearly straight ventral margin in apical half (lateral aspect). Terminal lamella narrow and only slightly narrowed apicad in dorsal aspect, bent dorsad at apex, in lateral aspect forming a rather big hook apically. Apical orifice shifted to left. Internal sac without any sclerotic elements.</p>
            <p> Etymology. Named after the famous coleopterist Alfred F. Newton (Chicago), who helped to realize my visit to the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, where I was able to study the very interesting collections of  Harpalini , including the type series of the new species. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Known only from the McKinley Mount, Mindanao, Philippines. Because the species is brachypterous, its distribution seems to be rather local.</p>
            <p>Bionomics. According to the label data, the specimens of this new species were collected in the mountain forest on elevation about 1585–1710 m "sifting humus" and "under moss on trees mossy forest".</p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species is rather dissimilar to other known species of the subgenus. The transverse metepisternum (Fig. 12) and small size (5.5–6.1 mm) distinctly distinguish T. (B.)  newtoni sp. n. from T. (B.)  philippinus and other species of  Bottchrus known from the Philippines, which all are longer than 7.0 mm and have metepisternum longer than wide or at most as long as wide (Ito 1997b). In the same characters, this new species also differs from most other species of  Bottchrus , most members of which are larger in size, have elongate metepisternum and normally developed wings. However, having a small body and transverse metepisternum, the new species is somewhat similar to T. (B.)  amazeus from Ethiopia and several species related to T. (B.) hingstoni Andrewes, 1930 distributed in the Himalayan region, some of which are yet undescribed.  Trichotichnus (B.)  newtoni sp. n. is distinguished from these Ethiopian and Himalayan species by the very peculiar habitus (Fig. 10) with much larger head and relatively longer pronotum and by the characteristic median lobe of aedeagus hooked at apex (Fig. 15–16). It should be remarked that all these brachypterous species with short metepisternum from Ethiopia, the Himalayan region and the Philippines do not apparently constitute a monophyletic group, but probably arose as a result of independent evolution of members of one or several ancestral stocks to similar mountain conditions.  Trichotichnus (B.) amazeis isolated in the forest mountains of Ethiopia may be treated as a relict of the ancient dispersal of  Bottchrus to East Africa from South Asia through the Arabian Peninsula in the Tertiary time. Further investigations of the phylogenetic relationships among the recent  Bottchrus species will offer a clearer view of genesis of this subgenus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/847687C3FFCAFFE1FF4AFA12FDC3F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kataev, Boris M.	Kataev, Boris M. (2016): On taxonomic status of Bottchrus, with a description of a new brachypterous species of the genus Trichotichnus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4061 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.1.7
847687C3FFCDFFE2FF4AFF6CFD23FE21.text	847687C3FFCDFFE2FF4AFF6CFD23FE21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) philippinus Jedlicka 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) philippinus Jedlička, 1935 ,  comb. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 6–9)</p>
            <p> Bottchrus philippinus Jedlička, 1935: 8 . Type locality: " Philippinen " (without more detailed data). </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype: ♀ [!], labelled " Type " [on the round piece of white paper with a red margin], " Philippine Is., Coll. Bottcher, B. M. 1929–201", "  Bottchrus n.g.  philippinus sp. n. , det. Ing. Jedlička", "  Bottcheria n. g. philippina sp. n., type, det. Ing. Jedlička" (BMNH). </p>
            <p>Additional description. Body length 7.7 mm, width 3.1 mm.</p>
            <p>Colour. Body reddish dark brown, very shiny on dorsum, not iridescent; labrum and base of mandibles paler; palpi, antennae and legs light reddish brown; femora scarcely infuscate, slightly darker than tibiae.</p>
            <p>Head. Rather large (HWmax/PWmax = 0.72; HWmin/PWmax = 0.63), impunctate. Eyes weakly convex (HWmax/HWmin = 1.14); tempora about 0.35 times as long as eye length, almost flat, sloped to neck. Genae slightly wider than width of antennomere 1, glabrous. Fronto-clypeal suture and fronto-ocular furrows rather deep, the latter continuing along inner margin of eyes. Supraorbital setigerous pore located at level of posterior margin of eye. Labrum notably concave anteriorly. Apex of clypeus slightly arcuately emarginate. Mentum (Fig. 6) with acute medial tooth and narrow epilobes, separated from submentum by transverse suture medially and fused with it laterally. Ligular sclerite narrowed to apex, with two ventral setae slightly removed from apical margin, paraglossae somewhat narrow, separated from ligular sclerite by a narrow notch. Penultimate labial palpomere slightly shorter than apical palpomere, with two long setae and one shorter seta on anterior margin. Submentum on each side with one long seta and another more lateral very short seta. Left mandible blunt at tip. Dorsal microsculpture consisting of obliterate weakly transverse meshes visible only on anterior part of clypeus anteriorly and on lateral areas of head behind eyes. Antennae short, not reaching pronotal basal edge, with middle antennomeres (4 to 7) slightly longer than wide.</p>
            <p>Pronotum (Fig. 7). Moderately wide (PWmax/PL = 1.38), widest in apical third (PWmax/PWmin = 1.21). Sides with one seta slightly anterior of widest point, narrowly bordered throughout, rounded anteriorly and almost rectilinearly converging in basal half. Apical margin scarcely emarginate, bordered only laterally. Apical angles narrowly rounded at tip and only very slightly protruding anteriad. Basal margin slightly longer than apical margin, not bordered, more or less straight, only slightly oblique laterally, with glabrous basal edge. Basal angles obtuse, sharp at tip. Pronotal disc convex, evenly and flatly descending to sides. Lateral depressions not developed. Basal fovea small, somewhat oval, very shallow. Pronotal surface almost smooth, with few vague punctures in basal foveae and in laterobasal area. Microsculpture strongly obliterate, recognizable here and there, consisting of weakly transverse meshes.</p>
            <p>Elytra. Elongate (EL/EW = 1.55; EL/PL = 2.59; EW/PWmax = 1.22), rounded at sides, widest at middle, their base slightly longer than pronotal base. Humeri angulate, without denticle at apex. Preapical sinuation shallow, but distinct. Sutural angle acute, rather sharp at tip. Basal edge moderately sinuate, meeting lateral margin at distinct obtuse angle. Parascutellar striole very short, parascutellar pore present. Discal pore located at middle of length of interval 3 at stria 2. Striae slightly deepened throughout, finely crenulate. Intervals weakly convex along entire length, somewhat wide at apex. Marginal series of setigerous pores (umbilacate series) without distinct gap at middle. Microsculpture very fine, obliterate, consisting of thin transverse lines.</p>
            <p>Wings. Reduced to short scales.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface. Metepisternum short, approximately as long as wide, noticeably narrowed posteriad.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metafemur with two setae along posterior margin. Protibia with long fine sulcus on dorsal surface. Metatarsus notably shorter than width of head measured behind eyes (HWmin). Metatarsomere 1 equal to metatarsomeres 2+3. Tarsomere 5 with two pairs of latero-ventral setae.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Figs 8–9). Laterotergite somewhat symmetrical, with one apical seta. Basal stylomere moderately widened apicad, with one preapical seta on external margin. Apical stylomere elongate, rather slender, weakly curved, with a very small peg-like spine at both ventral and dorsal edges of outer margin.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Philippines.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Described from a single female (erroneously indicated as male in the original description) from the Philippines without more detailed collecting data. Because the male is unknown, the relationship of this species with other members of  Bottchrus is rather obscure. The species has short metepisterna, therefore it is constantly brachypterous, and its distribution seems to be restricted to the Philippines from where three other species of this subgenus were described (Ito 1997b). In size and other characters including the short metepisternum combined with reduced hind wings, T. (B.)  philippinus is very similar to T. (B.) debilistriatus Ito, 1997, which was described from the series of specimens (males and females) collected in Luzon and Mindanao. I had no opportunity to examine the type series of T. (B.) debilistriatus, but judging from the original description (Ito 1997b), the latter species differs externally from T. (B.)  philippinus mainly in having elytra with somewhat reduced striae and pronotum slightly sinuate before blunted basal angles. As these differences are insufficient, these two species may be conspecific, but the direct comparison of the type specimens and examination of the additional material from the Philippines are needed to reach a conclusion. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/847687C3FFCDFFE2FF4AFF6CFD23FE21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kataev, Boris M.	Kataev, Boris M. (2016): On taxonomic status of Bottchrus, with a description of a new brachypterous species of the genus Trichotichnus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4061 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.1.7
847687C3FFCFFFE7FF4AFE2DFD20FE02.text	847687C3FFCFFFE7FF4AFE2DFD20FE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichotichnus Morawitz 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> The genus  Trichotichnus Morawitz, 1863</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/847687C3FFCFFFE7FF4AFE2DFD20FE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kataev, Boris M.	Kataev, Boris M. (2016): On taxonomic status of Bottchrus, with a description of a new brachypterous species of the genus Trichotichnus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4061 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.1.7
