taxonID	type	description	language	source
85313E51FFFBFFAE20912CF0BDC2D0AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ZSM 43939, 24.1 mm SL, male; Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River between Chûte de Cholet and Chûte de Nki (N 02 ° 19 ’ 10 ’’, E 14 ° 28 ’ 15 ’’); coll: J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 10.02.2008. Paratypes (n = 15): DMM IE / 9789, 2 specimens, 20.5 – 23.2 mm SL, same data as holotype; ZSM 38450, 1 specimen, 23.0 mm SL, same data as holotype; AMNH 265019, 3 specimens, 19.8 – 21.2 mm SL, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River below Chûte de Nki; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 09.02.2008; ZSM 43940, 3 specimens, 20.3 – 21.6 mm SL, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River below Chûte de Nki; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 09.02.2008; ZSM 38454, 1 specimen, 22.1 mm SL, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo (N 02 ° 06 ’ 40 ’’, E 14 ° 52 ’ 42 ’’); coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 04.02.2008; MRAC B 5 - 023 - P- 0004 - 0006, 3 specimens, 21.5 – 23.7 mm SL Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo (N 02 ° 06 ’ 40 ’’, E 14 ° 52 ’ 42 ’’); coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 05.02.2008; ZSM 43941, 2 specimens, 23.3 – 24.4 mm SL, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo (N 02 ° 06 ’ 40 ’’, E 14 ° 52 ’ 42 ’’); coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 0 5.02.2008. Additional material. ZSM 38453, 6 specimens, same data as holotype; ZSM 38456, 3 specimens, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 0 3.02.2008 ZSM 43942, 6 specimens, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 05.02.2008; ZSM 43943, 15 specimens, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River at Ndongo; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 08.02.2008; ZSM 43944, 8 specimens, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River below Chûte de Nki; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 09.02.2008; DMM IE / 9792, 1 c & s, Cameroon, Moloundou province: Ngoko River below Chûte de Nki; coll. J. Schwarzer & T. Moritz, 09.02.2008;	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFBFFAE20912CF0BDC2D0AB.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners by an incomplete squamation with the scale cover variably reduced to no pre-dorsal scales, usually no scales on caudal peduncle, and usually a scale-free patch on middle flank at about level of pelvic-fin origin. Furthermore distinguished by a unique color pattern, i. e., a combination of a humeral spot of about pupil-size and the absence of dark vertical bars along midlateral flanks. Difficult to distinguish from juvenile B. caudomaculatus, from which the new species differs by the (usually) absence of unicuspid teeth in the second row of lower jaws (vs. presence), and (usually) the absent or rudimentary supraneural between two neural spines directly in front of the first dorsal fin pterygiophore (vs. well developed).	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFBFFAE20912CF0BDC2D0AB.taxon	description	Description. Based on holotype and 15 paratypes. For general appearance refer to Figs. 1 and 2. Measurements and meristics summarized in Tables 1 and 2. A comparatively small species, maximum size 24.4 mm SL. Body laterally compressed, slightly elevated. Dorsal fin originating midway along body; pelvic fins originating slightly in front of dorsal fin; anal fin originating approximately at level of end of dorsal-fin base; adipose fin originating at level of caudal end of anal-fin base, positioned closer to caudal than to dorsal fin. Scale cover variably reduced: no pre-dorsal scales; usually no scales on caudal peduncle; usually a scale free patch on middle of flank at level of pelvic-fin origin. Number of pored scales in lateral line variable (0 – 9); lateral line never complete. Premaxilla with two teeth in outer row, each with three major and two minor cusps and four teeth in inner row with four cusps in the first, six cusps in the second and third, and seven cusps in the last tooth (Fig. 3). Dentary with four teeth in outer row, each with six cusps, except the last with only five cusps (Fig. 3); an inner single monocuspid tooth usually absent (where it was possible to check this character without damaging the specimen only 2 out of 12 had inner monocuspid teeth). Anal fin convex in males (Figs 1, 2), but almost straight in females and juveniles. Pectoral fin with 12 rays with dorsalmost and ventralmost rays unbranched. Pelvic fin with 8 rays, with first and last rays unbranched. 2 hypurals in lower lobe and 4 hypurals in upper lobe; 3 epurals; small cartilage present in front of anterior-most haemal spine. Other fin and vertebrae counts presented in Table 2. Supraneural directly in front of first pterygiophore of dorsal fin reduced in size or absent. This species seems to be a dwarf species within the genus Bathyaethiops. Juveniles of this species and juvenile sympatric B. caudomaculatus are difficult to differentiate. Coloration. In life (Fig. 2) body pale translucent; dorsal, adipose and caudal fin bright red; pelvic and anal fin light orange to yellow; pectoral fin yellowish; upper quarter of iris orange; caudal peduncle on its dorsal and ventral margin slightly red. A prominent humeral spot the size of the pupil or larger, and a slightly larger dark spot on the caudal peduncle; the latter is bisected by a dark line along the midlateral line starting slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin and terminating just distal to the caudal peduncle spot; never any vertical stripes or barring along the midlateral line. Few melanophores in mid-dorsal line along the back starting on lower jaw and reaching caudal peduncle; thin line of melanophores along anal-fin base; often an elevated line of melanophores proximal to the anal-fin base; a dark bar at the end of the caudal peduncle. Melanophores densely set on posterior dorsal half of head. In general, contrast and coloration more pronounced in mature males. In preservative (Fig. 1) pale whitish to light brown; red, orange and yellow coloration absent. Melanophore pattern as in preserved specimens, but spot on the caudal peduncle less pronounced and smaller, i. e. not reaching the anal fin base; humeral spot more intensively colored but of same size.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFBFFAE20912CF0BDC2D0AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Baka people, the native hunter-gatherer tribe in Southeastern Cameroon, where the species was found. A noun in aposition.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFBFFAE20912CF0BDC2D0AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. The species is so far known from several localities along the Ngoko River, from below the Nki falls to the village of Ndongo (Fig. 4 – 5). The Ngoko, called Dja River above the Nki falls, is a tributary to the Sangha River, a major northern tributary of the Congo River. All specimens were caught in the main river channel, usually in or close to riparian vegetation over a substrate of fine particles and organic material. Water parameters from the Ngoko River at Ndongo taken on 0 4.02.2008 were: pH 7.08; conductivity 23 µS; temperature 27.5 ° C. Meristic character Holotype Paratypes (N = 15) Simple dorsal fin rays 3 2 (15) Branched dorsal fin rays 8 8 (15) Simple anal fin rays 3 3 (15) Branched anal fin rays 21 18 (1); 19 (5); 20 (7); 21 (1); - (1) Upper procurrent caudal fin rays 9 5 (1); 6 (5); 7 (5); 8 (4) Upper principal caudal fin rays 10 10 (13); 11 (2) Lower principal caudal fin rays 9 9 (14); 10 (1) Lower procurrent caudal fin rays 7 5 (4); 6 (10); 7 (1) Vertebrae 37 35 (1); 36 (11); 37 (3) Abdominal vertebrae 16 16 (4); 17 (10); 18 (1) Caudal vertebrae 21 19 (10); 20 (5) Dorsal fin inserting after vertebra 10 10 (10); 11 (5) Anal fin inserting after vertebra 17 17 (10); 18 (5) Supraneurals 6 6 (7); 7 (7); 8 (1); Pored scales in LL * 5 0 (1); 5 (6); 6 (5); 7 (2); 9 (1)	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ZSM 43945, 39.1 mm SL, female; Democratic Republic of Congo, Province Orientale: Bakéré river at Yambula-Bakere (N 01 ° 42 ’ 41 ’’, E 23 ° 43 ’ 24 ’’); coll: U. Schliewen, J. Schwarzer & P. B. Mongindo, 19.07.2009. Paratypes (n = 22): ZSM 39295, 13 specimens, 24.5 – 39.9 mm SL, same data as holotype; AMNH 265018, 3 specimens, 29.4 – 32.3 mm SL, same data as holotype; DMM IE / 9790, 2 specimens, 29.9 – 31.8 mm SL, same data as holotype; DMM IE / 9791, 1 c & s, 34.1 mm SL, same data as holotype; MRAC B 5 - 023 - P- 0001 - 0003, 3 specimens, 30.5 – 36.3 mm SL, same data as holotype. Additional material. MRAC 177882 – 889, 8 specimens, 26.7 - 42.3 mm SL; Democratic Republic of Congo, Boende (S 0 ° 14 ’, E 20 ° 50 ’); coll. P. Brichard, 1969; ZSM A- 0649, 3 specimens, 25.2 – 27.8 mm SL; Democratic Republic of Congo, Ruki River (= lower Tshuapa River), Eala (close to Mbandaka); coll. Dr. Kiss, 17.11.1981.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a spot lacking melanophores (red in life, white in preservation), located in front of the dorsal fin.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	description	Description. Based on holotype and 22 paratypes augmented with data from 11 non-type specimens. For general appearance refer to Figs. 5 – 7. Measurements are summarized in Tables 3 – 4 for type and non-type specimens. Body laterally compressed, moderately elevated, maximum size 42 mm SL. Dorsal fin originating at midbody; pelvic fins originating slightly in front of dorsal fin; anal fin originating at level of, or slightly caudal to, end of dorsal-fin base. Scale cover complete; lateral line usually incomplete, but complete in a few specimens; when incomplete, number of pored scales in anterior section variable, 5 – 16 (5 – 14 on type locality); sometimes pored scales also present posteriorly after an interruption of varying extent. 7 – 10 pre-dorsal scales, but without scales immediately in front of dorsal-fin origin. Premaxilla with two teeth in outer row, first with tree and second with five cusps, and four teeth in inner row with four to five cusps on first, seven cusps on second and third and five cusps on last tooth (Fig. 9). Dentary with four teeth in outer row with seven cusps on second, six cusps on first and third, and four cusps on last tooth; an inner single monocuspid tooth close to symphysis present (Fig. 9). Anal fin enlarged and convex in mature males, more or less straight in females and juveniles. Pectoral fin with 11 – 12 rays; pelvic fin with 9 rays. 2 hypurals in lower lobe and 4 hypurals in upper lobe; 3 epurals; small cartilage present in front of anterior-most haemal spine. Other fin and vertebrae counts presented in Table 4. Supraneural directly in front of the first dorsal pterygiophore well developed or sometimes completely absent (well developed in all specimens from Boende and Eala). Coloration. In life (Fig. 7) body silvery, slightly translucent; anterior half of dorsal fin and the melanophorefree area in front of dorsal fin bright red; rest of dorsal fin, adipose fin and caudal fin grey; pectoral, pelvic and anal fin transparent; anterior distal part of anal fin black marked in males; upper half of adipose fin black in most specimens. A prominent dark humeral spot smaller than pupil and an extensive black blotch on the caudal peduncle; the latter is bisected by a dark line along the horizontal septum starting slightly behind humeral spot and continuing to the end of the caudal peduncle (this line is faint on the caudal peduncle of specimens from Boende); about 9 (7 – 9 in Boende, 10 in Eala) more or less regular vertical bars along the horizontal line with most bars located dorsally from the level of midbody. A dark line from the lower jaw over along the mid-dorsal line on the back to the end of caudal peduncle dark, with a prominent spot free of any melanophores in front of dorsal-fin base; base of anal fin darkly pigmented, more prominent anteriorly; a prominent dark bar on the end of the caudal peduncle broadened medially (less expressed in specimens from Boende and Eala); distal edge of adipose fin often black or dark grey, rest of fin slightly grey or colourless (black edge in all specimens from Boende; colourless in all specimens from Eala). Melanophores densely set on upper half of skull. Data on life coloration of specimens from Boende and Eala unavailable. Yambula-Bakéré Boenđe Eala Merisitic character Holotype Paratypes (N = 22) (N = 8) (N = 3) In preservative (Fig. 6, 8) pale yellow to brownish, all prominent red coloration vanished; the melanophore free spot in front of the dorsal fin appears clear white; upper half of flank darker. Melanophore pattern less pronounced, but better visible as in life specimens; black mid-dorsal line less prominent; black mark along anal-fin base well visible in anterior part as in posterior part, where it is sometimes missing; this line (in contrast to life) not confluent with blotch on caudal peduncle.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin flammeus for bright red or burning, referring to the bright red spot on nape in front of dorsal fin. An adjective.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Type locality: Bakéré River at Yambula-Bakéré, Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of Congo (Fig. 4), a large blackwater rainforest stream with no aquatic vegetation and sandy soil northwest of Kisangani directly entering the Congo River. Additional specimens were collected in 1969 in the Tshuapa River at Boende, and 1981 from the Ruki River (the name of the lower Tshuapa River after it has united with the Momboyo River) at Eala, both in the Democratic Republic of Congo. For these collections no additional data is available.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
85313E51FFFCFFA020912ECABC29D053.taxon	discussion	Remark. The specimens collected at Boende are clearly distinguishable from the type series, e. g., by scale counts. However, because the three specimens from Eala appear somewhat intermediate, e. g. in having 33 – 34 scales in supposed lateral line (vs. 33 – 36 in Yambula-Bakéré and 36 – 41 in Boende) 7.5 scales between lateral line and dorsal fin (vs. 6.5 in Yambula-Bakéré and 7.5 – 8.5 in Boende) and 14 – 16 scales around caudal peduncle (vs. 12 in Yambula-Bakéré and 13 – 18 in Bakéré), we conservatively interpret these differences as geographical variation and consider these geographically disparate populations as conspecifics rather than being separate species.	en	Moritz, Timo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. (2016): Description of two new Bathyaethiops species (Teleostei: Alestidae) from the Congo basin. Zootaxa 4117 (4): 476-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.2
