taxonID	type	description	language	source
813287B7C30C984DFEACFB44F514FEFB.taxon	description	Widespread in South America (CARVALHO et al., 2003: 7), and introduced into South Africa (PONT, 1980 a: 719), Amsterdam Island (PONT, 2006: 318), Australia, New Zealand (PONT, 1989: 700) and Fiji. Adult flies can be easily recognised using the key and illustrations in PONT & CARVALHO (1994: 231, figs 1 - 3): particularly characteristic are the ornamentations of the fore tarsomeres and hind femur in males The larvae are saprophages, and have been reared from birds’ nests, poultry and sheep dung, and carcasses of a stingray, fish and a bird (HOLLOWAY, 1985: 253). Seven specimens (4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀), collected on Tristan and Nightingale Islands in 2005:	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30C984DFEACFB44F514FEFB.taxon	materials_examined	TRISTAN DA CUNHA, west of Edinburgh village, potato patches, cultivated cropland, potatoes, vegetation and cattle grazing, ± 127 ft., 37 ° 09 ' 06 " S 12 ° 34 ' 26 " W, 07 - 12. ii. 2005, site 2, sample 14 c, C. HÄNEL, 1 ♀ (pinned) (see Fig. 3). NIGHTINGALE, West Road, path inland from landing, tussock grassland some Scirpus and alien spp. in path, 37 ° 25 ' 02 " S 12 ° 28 ' 66 " W, 28 - 29. iii. 2005, site 7, sample 19 a, C. HÄNEL, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (alcohol).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30C984DFEACFB44F514FEFB.taxon	description	NIGHTINGALE, Herbert’s hut site, East Landing area, tussock grassland and alien veg. along path, 37 ° 25 ' 08 " S 12 ° 28 ' 53 " W, 29 - 31. iii. 2005, site 3, sample 20 a, C. HÄNEL, 1 ♀ (alcohol).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30D984DFF10FE08F04AFCD6.taxon	description	Cosmopolitan in distribution. It has been reared from a wide range of decaying animal and vegetable matter, fungi, manure, etc, where the larvae are saprophagous. One female specimen collected on Tristan Island in 2005:	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30D984DFF10FE08F04AFCD6.taxon	materials_examined	TRISTAN DA CUNHA, up Molly Gulch, on rim, below Dailies Hill, grassland mix, Blechnum palmiforme, Malaise trap, ± 2270 ft., 37 ° 11 ' 44 " S 12 ° 33 ' 53 " W, 15 - 21. ii. 2005, site 7, sample 18, C. HÄNEL, 1 ♀ (pinned). MUSCIDAE	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30D984EFF10FC17F205FC71.taxon	description	Widespread in the Afrotropical region. Adults of its sister-species, the Holarctic and Oriental C. humilis, with which it probably shares its biological features, are voracious predators of other small soft-bodied insects (EVANS, 1930; KÜHNE, 2000). Larvae of humilis are also predaceous, and most probably live in soil. In the laboratory, KÜHNE (op. cit.) was able to maintain cultures on a substrate of wood bark fibre to which crushed oats were periodically added, where they fed on introduced prey larvae. This species was, under the name of multimaculata ADAMS, 1905, ranked as a subspecies of Coenosia humilis MEIGEN by EMDEN (1940: 179) since there were consistent but small differences between European and Afrotropical humilis. It was still ranked as a subspecies of humilis by PONT (1980 b: 755), with trina WIEDEMANN, 1830, listed as a doubtful synonym. Since then, the typeseries of trina has been examined and the availability of this name for the Afrotropical vicariant of Coenosia humilis established (PONT, 1997: 113 - 114). Study of the present material strongly confirms that trina should be ranked as a species distinct from humilis, based on the characters given by EMDEN (l. c.), especially the slightly longer haired arista in trina, the narrower frons in trina, and the generally more extensive dark dusting on scutellum and abdomen in trina. 461 specimens collected in 2005; 39 on Tristan (21 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀), and 422 on Nightingale (191 ♂♂, 231 ♀♀).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30D984EFF10FC17F205FC71.taxon	materials_examined	TRISTAN DA CUNHA, west of Edinburgh village, potato patches, cultivated cropland, potatoes, vegetation and cattle grazing, 37 ° 09 ' 06 " S 12 ° 34 ' 26 " W, 07 - 12. ii. 2005, Malaise, site 2, sample 14 c, C. HÄNEL, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (pinned). TRISTAN DA CUNHA, up Molly Gulch, on rim, below Dailies Hill, grassland mix, ± 2270 ft., 37 ° 11 ' 44 " S 12 ° 33 ' 53 " W, 15 - 21. ii. 2005, Malaise, site 7, sample 19, C. HÄNEL, 3 ♂♂ (alcohol). TRISTAN DA CUNHA, Sandy Point, woodland shrub, behind the hut, ± 102 ft., 37 ° 11 ' 47 " S (dubious) 12 ° 22 ' 61 " W, 21. ii. 2005, site 9, sample 22, C. HÄNEL, 17 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀ (alcohol). NIGHTINGALE, Path up from West Landing, coastal cliffs cave-overhang with tussock, 37 ° 24 ' 98 " S 12 ° 29 ' 09 " W, 3 - 4. iv. 2005, Malaise, site 6, sample 22, C. HÄNEL, 3 ♀♀ (alcohol); site 6, sample 23, Malaise, 52 ♂♂, 77 ♀♀ (alcohol).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30D984EFF10FC17F205FC71.taxon	description	NIGHTINGALE, West Road, path inland from landing, tussock grassland some Scirpus and alien spp. in path, 37 ° 25 ' 02 " S 12 ° 28 ' 66 " W, 28 - 29. iii. 2005, Malaise, site 7, sample 19 b, C. HÄNEL, 7 ♀♀ (alcohol); site 7, sample 21, Malaise, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (alcohol). NIGHTINGALE, Herbert’s hut site, East landing area, tussock grassland and alien veg. along path, 37 ° 25 ' 08 " S 12 ° 28 ' 53 " W, 29 - 31. iii. 2005, Malaise, site 3, sample 20 a, C. HÄNEL, 85 ♂♂, 95 ♀♀ (alcohol). NIGHTINGALE, 3 rd Pond close to top of path, mire wetland, Scirpus spp., fernbush spp. and mosses, 37 ° 25 ' 53 " S 12 ° 29 ' 10 " W, 26. iii. 2005, sweep-netting, site 10, sample 58, C. HÄNEL, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (alcohol); 26 - 28. iii. 2005, Malaise, site 10, sample 51, 34 ♂♂, 38 ♀♀ (alcohol). NIGHTINGALE, 1 st Pond, furthest from path, mire wetland with pool surrounded by Scirpus spp., 37 ° 26 ' 02 " S 12 ° 29 ' 30 " W, 30. iii- 01. iv. 2005, site 8, sample 80 c, C. HÄNEL, 1 ♂ (pinned); and site 8, sample 55, sweep-netting, 13 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀ (alcohol).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
813287B7C30E984EFEACFBA2F02EFA5D.taxon	description	First recorded by FREY (1954: 43 - 44) from Tristan Island. Additional records are reported by BAIRD (1965: 426) and HOLDGATE (1965: 397). Cosmopolitan in distribution. Adults are synanthropic. Larvae are saprophagous at first, becoming facultative carnivores later; they breed in decaying animal and vegetable matter, though apparently not excrement, and are recorded as parasitoids of other insects and as occasionally causing myiasis in higher mammals. Four male specimens collected at Nightingale Island in 2005. NIGHTINGALE, East Landing area below shacks, coastal boulders with penguin colony and tussock, 37 ° 25 ' 09 " S 12 ° 28 ' 44 " W, Malaise, 1. iv. 2005, site 1, sample 1, C. HÄNEL, 4 ♂♂ (alcohol).	en	Hänel, Christine, Pont, Adrian C. (2008): Houseflies of the Tristan da Cunha Islands: new records, including the first for Fannia albitarsis S, 1911 (Diptera: Fanniidae, Muscidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58 (1): 211-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.1.211-222, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1726
