taxonID	type	description	language	source
816BA2457E3CFFA2309CF88AFB28FE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sesarma edwardsii brevipes De Man, 1889, by original designation. Remarks: Bresedium Serène and Soh, 1970, was established with Sesarma edwardsii brevipes De Man, 1889, as the type species, and currently contains three taxa, viz. B. brevipes (De Man, 1889), B. philippinense (Rathbun, 1914), and B. sediliense (Tweedie, 1940). Members of the genus were characterised by Serène and Soh (1970) as having a carapace broader than long and not prominently inflated, the lateral margin has two epibranchial teeth behind the external orbital tooth, the basal antennular article is at least twice as broad as long, the upper surface of the male palm is without distinct pectinated crest (s), the inner surface of the palm has a prominent vertical row of granules, the ambulatory legs are not elongated, the male telson is deeply inserted into the distal margin of pleonal somite 6, and the distal chitinous part of the G 1 is elongate and slender. In many respects, Bresedium closely resembles members of Sesarmops, some species (notably S. impressus) which also possess a male telson which is inserted into the distal margin of pleonal somite 6 and possess an elongate distal chitinous part of the G 1. Of the three species, B. sediliense is easily distinguished by having the dactylus of the male cheliped as long as the height of palm, and the G 1 distal chitinous process is relatively broad, shorter, and bent obliquely, with the tip just visible externally when the telson is closed (cf. Tweedie 1940; present material). On the other hand, B. brevipes has proportionately longer dactylar fingers (longer than height of the palm), with the distal chitinous process of the G 1 is slender, relatively longer, straight, in line with the rest of the G 1 and the tip is not distinctly bent and completely hidden by the closed telson. Serène and Soh (1970: 399) suspected B. philippinense was a species of Bresedium but could not be sure. Ng et al. (2008: 223) confirmed that it belonged to the genus and treated it as a distinct species. Bresedium brevipes and B. philippinense are very similar and their taxonomy has been unclear, mainly because the type of B. philippinense was only briefly described and has never been figured. The reexamination of the type male of B. philippinense as well as a good series of specimens from the Philippines now shows it is actually a junior synonym of B. brevipes. Bresedium sediliense (Tweedie, 1940) from Peninsular Malaysia is distinct from the other two species in that the dactylus of the chela is as long as the height of the palm (Tweedie 1940: 8 b) and the elongate chitinous distal part of the G 1 is inserted at an angle to the main shaft (Tweedie 1940: 8 b). Bresedium brevipes (and B. philippinense) has the dactylus of the chela longer than the height of the palm (Figs. 2 F, 3 G) and the chitinous distal part of the G 1 is proportionately longer and continues in a straight line with the main shaft (Figs. 5, 6 E – K). The present paper will only deal with the taxonomy of Bresedium brevipes and B. philippinense as only they are present in Taiwan and the Philippines. The taxonomy of B. sediliense will be discussed in greater depth by CD Schubart and PKL Ng in an ongoing revision of these and other genera.	en	Li, Jheng-Jhang, Shih, Hsi-Te, Ng, Peter K. L. (2020): The Taiwanese and Philippine Species of the Terrestrial Crabs Bresedium Serène and Soh, 1970 and Sesarmops Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with Descriptions of Two New Species. Zoological Studies 59 (16): 1-32, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2020.59-16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055873
816BA2457E32FFB133C4FDCBFE82FC0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Sesarma impressa H. Milne Edwards, 1837, by original designation. Remarks: Serène and Soh (1970: 401) recognised five species in Sesarmops: S. atrorubens (Hess, 1865), S. impressus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), S. intermedius (De Haan, 1835), S. mindanaoensis (Rathbun, 1914), and S. sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853). Ng et al. (2008: 224) provisionally added Sesarma weberi (De Man, 1892) (from Flores) to Sesarmops. Sesarmops atrorubens is a poorly known species and was supposedly described from Sydney, Australia, by Hess (1865) and while it has also been reported from Timor, Ambon and Fiji (Tesch 1917: 131), its taxonomy is still unclear as it has never been described or figured to modern standards. Sesarmops mindanaoensis is also poorly known and was briefly described from one female from Mindanao, Philippines, and has never been figured. As for the type species, S. impressus (type locality not known), Sesarma similis Hess, 1865 (type locality supposedly Sydney, Australia), and Sesarma frontale A. Milne-Edwards, 1869 (type locality Madagascar), both the latter are currently regarded as junior synonyms (see De Man, 1887: 649; De Man, 1902: 527; Tesch, 1917: 158). We have examined the available types or material of S. atrorubens, S. impressus, S. similis and S. frontale, and the taxonomy of these species is complex and will have to be treated at another time. In summary, however, we have examined the dried type female of S. impressus in the Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN). It is from an unknown location. Sesarmops frontale (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) was described from Madagascar and we have also examined the type specimens in MNHN and they are identical to the type female of S. impressus. Specimens which have been called “ S. impressus ” from the West Pacific are superficially similar to S. impressus s. str. (presumably also from the Indian Ocean) and S. frontale, but differ in details of the carapace and G 1 structures. Their colours in life are also strikingly different, with those from the Indian Ocean possessing cream to yellow carapaces and cream chelae whereas West Pacific material has dark purplish brown to brown carapaces with purple chelae (unpublished data). A preliminary genetic study shows the Indian and Pacific Ocean population represent two non-sister clades (Table 1; Fig. 22) and clearly belong to two species. Until their taxonomy can be properly resolved, they are here treated as one species for the moment, i. e., as Sesarmops impressus s. lato. The authors examined fresh specimens of Sesarmops atrorubens and it is a good species, very different from other Sesarmops species with a very short stout G 1 and other characters that argue against its inclusion in in the genus (unpublished data). As suggested by Hess (1865) himself, S. similis is likely to be junior synonym of S. atrorubens as it was only known from a female from the same area the latter was collected. The systematics of S. atrorubens and related species will be dealt with at another occasion by the authors and CD Schubart. The present paper will only deal with two new species found in the Philippines and Taiwan; both are very distinct from S. atrorubens and S. impressus s. lato. Sesarmops mindanaoensis, however, is figured for the first time so that appropriate comparisons can be made with the new species.	en	Li, Jheng-Jhang, Shih, Hsi-Te, Ng, Peter K. L. (2020): The Taiwanese and Philippine Species of the Terrestrial Crabs Bresedium Serène and Soh, 1970 and Sesarmops Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with Descriptions of Two New Species. Zoological Studies 59 (16): 1-32, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2020.59-16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055873
816BA2457E32FFB133C4FDCBFE82FC0C.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887): 1 male (21.2 × 18.9), 1 female (16.9 × 15.4) (NCHUZOOL 16332), Langkawi, Peninsular Malaysia, coll. J. - J. Li, 19 December 2016 (see also Ng and Schubart 2017, for additional material). Pseudosesarma modestum (De Man, 1902): holotype male (25.0 × 20.9) (SMF 1989), Ternate, Moluccas, Indonesia, coll. W. Kükenthal, 26 December 1893 – 11 June 1894. Sesarmops impressus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): 2 males (28.5 × 25.0, 23.4 × 27.6), 1 female (30.4 × 25.5) (ZRC 2009.0896), Mahi, Seychelles, coll. 2009; 1 male (37.6 × 32.1) (ZRC 2011.0005), station 9, Bassin Mro Oua Ouroveni, Mayotte, Comoros, coll. Tervuren Museum, 11 October 2000; 1 male (23.7 × 21.5) (ZRC 2015.0344), Bay of Bengal, South Andaman Islands, India, coll. I. Das, 20 – 30 August 1997; 1 female (36.7 × 34.8) (NCHUZOOL 15870), Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan, 2 July 2001; 2 males (37.6 × 33.7, 35.4 × 32.3), 1 female (23.0 × 20.7) (NCHUZOOL 15069), lower reaches of Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan, coll. J. - J. Li, 6 July 2017; 2 females (29.0 × 26.3, 28.9 × 26.8) (NCHUZOOL 15071), lower reaches of Gangkou R. estuary, Pingtung, Taiwan, coll. J. - J. Li, 18 May 2019; 1 male (35.2 × 34.6) (NCHUZOOL 15869), Lanyu, Taitung, Taiwan, 7 April 2002; 1 male (30.3 × 29.6) (NCHUZOOL 15868), Meilun R. estuary, Hualien, Taiwan, 29 July 2014; 2 males (larger 31.6 × 34.7) (ZRC 2017.0477), Guimaras I., Philippines, coll. J. C. E. Mendoza and L. Ganancial, 1 June 2017; 1 male (29.2 × 29.2) (NCHUZOOL 15871), Camiguin I., Philippines, coll. H. - T. Shih, 30 August 2003; 1 female (10.5 × 9.7) (ASIZ), Philippines, coll. H. - C. Liu, 15 February 2003.	en	Li, Jheng-Jhang, Shih, Hsi-Te, Ng, Peter K. L. (2020): The Taiwanese and Philippine Species of the Terrestrial Crabs Bresedium Serène and Soh, 1970 and Sesarmops Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with Descriptions of Two New Species. Zoological Studies 59 (16): 1-32, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2020.59-16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055873
