identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
827926444F77CD54EAFC17F7FC8B77CC.text	827926444F77CD54EAFC17F7FC8B77CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidium	<div><p>Lepidium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 643. 1753. Lectotype designated by Green (1925: 317): Lepidium latifolium L.</p> <p>Britton &amp; Brown (1913: 164) designated the same species a dozen years earlier, but their typification is to be rejected because it followed the American Code (see Turland et al., 2018: Article 10.6).</p> <p>Cyphocardamum Hedge (1968: 122), syn. nov. Type:— C. aretioides Hedge (1968: 122).</p> <p>Lithodraba Boelcke (1951: 349), syn. nov. Type:— Lithodraba mendocinensis (Hauman 1918: 266) Boelcke (1951: 351).</p> <p>Lepidium aretioides (Hedge) Al-Shehbaz, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyphocardamum aretioides Hedge (1968:122). Type:— AFGHANISTAN, Dashti-i-Nawar NW of Ghazni, 3000 m, 8–10 Jun 1965, F. Kasy 28 (holotype, W-1965-0020366!; isotype, E-00039815!).</p> <p>Lepidium medocinense (Hauman) Al-Shehbaz, comb. nov. Basionym: Xerodraba mendocinensis Hauman (1918: 266). ≡ Lithodraba mendocinensis (Hauman 1918: 266) Boelcke (1951: 351). Type: — ARGENTINA, Mendoza. Valle del Río Tunuyán superior, El Pedernal, 3500 m, 26 March 1918, R. Sanzín s.n. (holotype, BA-3836!). Figure 1.</p> <p>Discussion: — Cyphocardamum and Lithodraba resemble Lepidium in having angustiseptate, dehiscent fruits with 1-seeded locules, and they are typically pulvinate, a feature rather rare in Lepidium. However, L. nanum Watson (1871: 30) and L. ostleri Welsh &amp; Goodrich (1980: 80) are narrowly endemic pulvinate species in the western United States (Al-Shehbaz and Gaskin, 2010). Both genera differ from Lepidium by the scapose habit with few-flowered racemes (Cyphocardamum) or solitary flowers (Lithodraba), and this “key” difference was used by Appel &amp; Al-Shehbaz (2003) to separate them from Lepidium. However, both L. nanum and L. ostleri are scapose, and this single feature (scapose vs. non-scapose) alone does not justify the recognition of genera in the Brassicaceae. For example, Aphragmus Andrzejowski ex Candolle (1824: 209) has species with well-developed racemes and others with solitary flowers from a basal rosette. Furthermore, most species of Leavenworthia Torrey (1837: 87) produce solitary flowers and/or well-developed racemes on the same plant (see Rollins, 1963). Hedge (1968) considered Cyphocardamum to be closely related to Stroganowia Karelin &amp; Kirilow (1841: 386), but it is generally agreed that the latter genus is indistinguishable from Lepidium and was united with it nearly two decades ago (Al-Shehbaz et al., 2002). Although some pulvinate plants in the family produce numerous flowers, none comes even close to those of L. mendocinense in which a single plant may have more than 4,000 flowers (Figure 1). In conclusion, the recognition of Cyphocardamum and Lithodraba as distinct from Lepidium is not supported by molecular data or by a single feature that consistently separates them from the last genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/827926444F77CD54EAFC17F7FC8B77CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.	Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. (2021): The Afghan Cyphocardamum and Argentinean Lithodraba are united with Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Phytotaxa 516 (1): 111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.516.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.516.1.10
