taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286628	Figure 1. Styracopterus cranial material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine bands covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, GSE 8731; B, NMS 1891.53.49. C, GM 1902.85md maxilla; D, NMS 1891.53.50; E, NMS 1891.53.51 denticles and jaws; F, GSE 2136; G, GSE 5663.	Figure 1. Styracopterus cranial material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine bands covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, GSE 8731; B, NMS 1891.53.49. C, GM 1902.85md maxilla; D, NMS 1891.53.50; E, NMS 1891.53.51 denticles and jaws; F, GSE 2136; G, GSE 5663.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286656/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286656	Figure 10. Fouldenia anal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, GSE 2187; C, NMS 1965.4.3 (part); D, NMS 1965.4.3 (counterpart); E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NMS 1980.40.31; G, NMS P61549; H, NHM P61002; I, NMS 1984.67.62; J, NHM P61548.	Figure 10. Fouldenia anal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, GSE 2187; C, NMS 1965.4.3 (part); D, NMS 1965.4.3 (counterpart); E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NMS 1980.40.31; G, NMS P61549; H, NHM P61002; I, NMS 1984.67.62; J, NHM P61548.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286636	Figure 4. Styracopterus reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens around each length, and are near actual size at full resolution. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Medium-grey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 8-cm, scales from GSE 8731; B, 12 cm, scales from GSE 5672–3; NHM 1891.53.49 and NHM 1891.53.49–50; C, 16 cm, scales from GSE 2136 and GSE 5663–4.	Figure 4. Styracopterus reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens around each length, and are near actual size at full resolution. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Medium-grey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 8-cm, scales from GSE 8731; B, 12 cm, scales from GSE 5672–3; NHM 1891.53.49 and NHM 1891.53.49–50; C, 16 cm, scales from GSE 2136 and GSE 5663–4.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286680/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286680	Figure 18. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls III. A, Fouldenia. B, Strepheoschema (after Gardiner, 1985). C, Aetheretmon (after Gardiner, 1985). D, Phanerosteon (after Gardiner, 1985).	Figure 18. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls III. A, Fouldenia. B, Strepheoschema (after Gardiner, 1985). C, Aetheretmon (after Gardiner, 1985). D, Phanerosteon (after Gardiner, 1985).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286674/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286674	Figure 15. Styracopteridae and other Eurynotiform taxa from North America and Europe. Medium-grey infill represents the extent of the thick ganoine plates along the jaws based on specimens listed in the Appendix S1, lines along leading edges of fins represent depth of fringing fulcra and consolidated fin spines. A, Fouldenia from the late Tournaisian of Scotland. Lines on the median fins represent the extent of consolidated, spine-like lepidotrichia. Lines on the pectoral fins represent fringing fulcra depth. B, Styracopterus from the early Visean of Scotland. C, Benedenius from the early Visean of Belgium (based on Traquair, 1878, Fraipont, 1890, and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). D, Eurynotus from the Visean–Permian of Euramerica and Russia (based on Traquair, 1879 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). E, Proteurynotus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). F, Mesolepis from the Serpukhovian–Pennsylvanian of Europe (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). G, Paramesolepis tuberculata from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). H, Paramesolepis rhombus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). I, Wardichthys from the late Visean and Serpukhovian of Scotland (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). J, Cheirodopsis from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). K, Amphicentrum from the late Visean–Permian of Euramerica (based on Coates, 1988 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1).	Figure 15. Styracopteridae and other Eurynotiform taxa from North America and Europe. Medium-grey infill represents the extent of the thick ganoine plates along the jaws based on specimens listed in the Appendix S1, lines along leading edges of fins represent depth of fringing fulcra and consolidated fin spines. A, Fouldenia from the late Tournaisian of Scotland. Lines on the median fins represent the extent of consolidated, spine-like lepidotrichia. Lines on the pectoral fins represent fringing fulcra depth. B, Styracopterus from the early Visean of Scotland. C, Benedenius from the early Visean of Belgium (based on Traquair, 1878, Fraipont, 1890, and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). D, Eurynotus from the Visean–Permian of Euramerica and Russia (based on Traquair, 1879 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). E, Proteurynotus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). F, Mesolepis from the Serpukhovian–Pennsylvanian of Europe (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). G, Paramesolepis tuberculata from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). H, Paramesolepis rhombus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). I, Wardichthys from the late Visean and Serpukhovian of Scotland (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). J, Cheirodopsis from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). K, Amphicentrum from the late Visean–Permian of Euramerica (based on Coates, 1988 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286676/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286676	Figure 16. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls I. A, Holurus (based on Moy-Thomas & Miles, 1971). B, Mesopoma (after Coates, 1999). C, Canobius (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938).	Figure 16. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls I. A, Holurus (based on Moy-Thomas & Miles, 1971). B, Mesopoma (after Coates, 1999). C, Canobius (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286678/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286678	Figure 17. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls II. A, Styracopterus. B, Platysomus superbus (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). C, Adroichthys (after Gardiner, 1969).	Figure 17. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls II. A, Styracopterus. B, Platysomus superbus (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). C, Adroichthys (after Gardiner, 1969).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286684/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286684	Figure 19. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls IV. A, Discoserra (after Hurley et al., 2007). B, Proceramala (after Poplin & Lund, 2000). C, Aesopichthys (after Poplin & Lund, 2000). D, Frederichthys (after Coates, 1993).	Figure 19. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls IV. A, Discoserra (after Hurley et al., 2007). B, Proceramala (after Poplin & Lund, 2000). C, Aesopichthys (after Poplin & Lund, 2000). D, Frederichthys (after Coates, 1993).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286664/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286664	Figure 13. Fouldenia reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens within each class. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Mediumgrey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 3–4 cm, scales from GSE 2143; NHM 1965.4.2 and NHM 1980.40.30; B, 6–7 cm, scales from NMS 1965.4.3, NMS 1965.4.6, NHM P14562, and GSE 2187; C, 8–9 cm, scales from NHM P13183, NHM P61546, NHM P13178, and GLAHM V8327; D, 11–12 cm, scales from NHM P61002, NHM P61548, and NMS 1984.67.64.	Figure 13. Fouldenia reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens within each class. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Mediumgrey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 3–4 cm, scales from GSE 2143; NHM 1965.4.2 and NHM 1980.40.30; B, 6–7 cm, scales from NMS 1965.4.3, NMS 1965.4.6, NHM P14562, and GSE 2187; C, 8–9 cm, scales from NHM P13183, NHM P61546, NHM P13178, and GLAHM V8327; D, 11–12 cm, scales from NHM P61002, NHM P61548, and NMS 1984.67.64.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286630	Figure 2. Styracopterus paired fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 8731 pectoral; B, NMS 1891.53.50 pectoral; C, NMS 1891.53.51; D, GSE 5672 pectoral; E, GSE 5664 pectoral; F, GSE 5663 pectoral; G, NHM P1663 pelvic; H, GSE 8731 pelvic; I, GSE 5663 pelvic.	Figure 2. Styracopterus paired fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 8731 pectoral; B, NMS 1891.53.50 pectoral; C, NMS 1891.53.51; D, GSE 5672 pectoral; E, GSE 5664 pectoral; F, GSE 5663 pectoral; G, NHM P1663 pelvic; H, GSE 8731 pelvic; I, GSE 5663 pelvic.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286658/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286658	Figure 11. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–7 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P13187; C, NMS 1965.4.2; D, GSE 2187; E, NMS 1980.40.27; F, NMS 1965.4.3.	Figure 11. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–7 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P13187; C, NMS 1965.4.2; D, GSE 2187; E, NMS 1980.40.27; F, NMS 1965.4.3.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286634	Figure 3. Styracopterus median fins and caudal material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 8731 dorsal; B, GSE 5672 dorsal; C, GSE 5664 dorsal; D, GSE 5663 dorsal; E, NHM P1663 anal; F, GSE 5664 anal; G, GSE 5663 anal; H, GSE 5664 tail; I, GSE 5663 axial lobe; J, GSE 5663 ventral caudal fin.	Figure 3. Styracopterus median fins and caudal material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 8731 dorsal; B, GSE 5672 dorsal; C, GSE 5664 dorsal; D, GSE 5663 dorsal; E, NHM P1663 anal; F, GSE 5664 anal; G, GSE 5663 anal; H, GSE 5664 tail; I, GSE 5663 axial lobe; J, GSE 5663 ventral caudal fin.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C5802BFF8A8A9BFBE7B520F9B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286662/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286662	Figure 12. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8–12 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NMS 1980.40.31; D, NHM P61549; E, NHM P13185; F, NHM P61548.	Figure 12. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8–12 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NMS 1980.40.31; D, NHM P61549; E, NHM P13185; F, NHM P61548.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286638/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286638	Figure 5. Fouldenia cranial material I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–8 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P14562; C, NMS 1965.4.3; D, NMS 1956.5.1; E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NHM P13179; G, NHM P13180; H, NHM P61546.	Figure 5. Fouldenia cranial material I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–8 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P14562; C, NMS 1965.4.3; D, NMS 1956.5.1; E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NHM P13179; G, NHM P13180; H, NHM P61546.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286642/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286642	Figure 6. Fouldenia cranial material II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8.5–10 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NHM P14564; D, NMS 1980.40.31; E, NMS 1984.67.65 (part); F, NMS 1984.67.65 (counterpart); G, NHM P61549 (part); H, NHM P61549 (counterpart).	Figure 6. Fouldenia cranial material II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8.5–10 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NHM P14564; D, NMS 1980.40.31; E, NMS 1984.67.65 (part); F, NMS 1984.67.65 (counterpart); G, NHM P61549 (part); H, NHM P61549 (counterpart).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286644/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286644	Figure 7. Fouldenia cranial material III. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 10.5–12 cm in total length. Medium-grey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P61002; B, NMS 1984.67.64; C, NMS 1984.67.62; D, NHM P13181; E, NHM P61548.	Figure 7. Fouldenia cranial material III. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 10.5–12 cm in total length. Medium-grey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P61002; B, NMS 1984.67.64; C, NMS 1984.67.62; D, NHM P13181; E, NHM P61548.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286664/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286664	Figure 13. Fouldenia reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens within each class. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Mediumgrey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 3–4 cm, scales from GSE 2143; NHM 1965.4.2 and NHM 1980.40.30; B, 6–7 cm, scales from NMS 1965.4.3, NMS 1965.4.6, NHM P14562, and GSE 2187; C, 8–9 cm, scales from NHM P13183, NHM P61546, NHM P13178, and GLAHM V8327; D, 11–12 cm, scales from NHM P61002, NHM P61548, and NMS 1984.67.64.	Figure 13. Fouldenia reconstructions and squamation. Reconstruction drawings of various size classes are based on all available specimens within each class. Squamation photographs are shown at three times the size, at the scale of reconstructions. Roman numerals on the reconstructions indicate the position of scales with matching labels. Mediumgrey infill indicates the documented extent of thick ganoine plates covering other ornament. A, 3–4 cm, scales from GSE 2143; NHM 1965.4.2 and NHM 1980.40.30; B, 6–7 cm, scales from NMS 1965.4.3, NMS 1965.4.6, NHM P14562, and GSE 2187; C, 8–9 cm, scales from NHM P13183, NHM P61546, NHM P13178, and GLAHM V8327; D, 11–12 cm, scales from NHM P61002, NHM P61548, and NMS 1984.67.64.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286674/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286674	Figure 15. Styracopteridae and other Eurynotiform taxa from North America and Europe. Medium-grey infill represents the extent of the thick ganoine plates along the jaws based on specimens listed in the Appendix S1, lines along leading edges of fins represent depth of fringing fulcra and consolidated fin spines. A, Fouldenia from the late Tournaisian of Scotland. Lines on the median fins represent the extent of consolidated, spine-like lepidotrichia. Lines on the pectoral fins represent fringing fulcra depth. B, Styracopterus from the early Visean of Scotland. C, Benedenius from the early Visean of Belgium (based on Traquair, 1878, Fraipont, 1890, and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). D, Eurynotus from the Visean–Permian of Euramerica and Russia (based on Traquair, 1879 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). E, Proteurynotus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). F, Mesolepis from the Serpukhovian–Pennsylvanian of Europe (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). G, Paramesolepis tuberculata from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). H, Paramesolepis rhombus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). I, Wardichthys from the late Visean and Serpukhovian of Scotland (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). J, Cheirodopsis from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). K, Amphicentrum from the late Visean–Permian of Euramerica (based on Coates, 1988 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1).	Figure 15. Styracopteridae and other Eurynotiform taxa from North America and Europe. Medium-grey infill represents the extent of the thick ganoine plates along the jaws based on specimens listed in the Appendix S1, lines along leading edges of fins represent depth of fringing fulcra and consolidated fin spines. A, Fouldenia from the late Tournaisian of Scotland. Lines on the median fins represent the extent of consolidated, spine-like lepidotrichia. Lines on the pectoral fins represent fringing fulcra depth. B, Styracopterus from the early Visean of Scotland. C, Benedenius from the early Visean of Belgium (based on Traquair, 1878, Fraipont, 1890, and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). D, Eurynotus from the Visean–Permian of Euramerica and Russia (based on Traquair, 1879 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). E, Proteurynotus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). F, Mesolepis from the Serpukhovian–Pennsylvanian of Europe (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). G, Paramesolepis tuberculata from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). H, Paramesolepis rhombus from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). I, Wardichthys from the late Visean and Serpukhovian of Scotland (based on Traquair, 1907 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). J, Cheirodopsis from the early Visean of Scotland (based on Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1). K, Amphicentrum from the late Visean–Permian of Euramerica (based on Coates, 1988 and the specimens listed in Appendix S1).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286672/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286672	Figure 14. Reconstructions of styracopterid dentitions: A, Fouldenia; B, Styracopterus.	Figure 14. Reconstructions of styracopterid dentitions: A, Fouldenia; B, Styracopterus.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286628	Figure 1. Styracopterus cranial material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine bands covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, GSE 8731; B, NMS 1891.53.49. C, GM 1902.85md maxilla; D, NMS 1891.53.50; E, NMS 1891.53.51 denticles and jaws; F, GSE 2136; G, GSE 5663.	Figure 1. Styracopterus cranial material. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. Medium-grey infill indicates the extent of thick ganoine bands covering other ornament. Light-grey infill indicates unidentified skull material. A, GSE 8731; B, NMS 1891.53.49. C, GM 1902.85md maxilla; D, NMS 1891.53.50; E, NMS 1891.53.51 denticles and jaws; F, GSE 2136; G, GSE 5663.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286678/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286678	Figure 17. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls II. A, Styracopterus. B, Platysomus superbus (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). C, Adroichthys (after Gardiner, 1969).	Figure 17. Comparison of early actinopterygian skulls II. A, Styracopterus. B, Platysomus superbus (after Moy-Thomas & Bradley Dyne, 1938). C, Adroichthys (after Gardiner, 1969).	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286648/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286648	Figure 8. Fouldenia paired fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 2143 pectoral; B, 1980.40.30 pectoral; C, 1984.67.61 pectoral; D, NMS 1984.67.61 pelvic; E, GLAHM V8327 pectoral; F, NHM P13183 pectoral; G, NHM P14564 pectoral; H, NMS 1984.67.65 pectoral; I, NHM 1984.67.65 pelvic; J, NHM P61002 pectoral; K, NMS 1984.67.64 pectoral.	Figure 8. Fouldenia paired fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, GSE 2143 pectoral; B, 1980.40.30 pectoral; C, 1984.67.61 pectoral; D, NMS 1984.67.61 pelvic; E, GLAHM V8327 pectoral; F, NHM P13183 pectoral; G, NHM P14564 pectoral; H, NMS 1984.67.65 pectoral; I, NHM 1984.67.65 pelvic; J, NHM P61002 pectoral; K, NMS 1984.67.64 pectoral.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286652/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286652	Figure 9. Fouldenia dorsal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NMS 1980.40.27; C, NMS 1965.4.3; D, NMS 1980.40.31; E, NHM P61548; F, NHM P61549.	Figure 9. Fouldenia dorsal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NMS 1980.40.27; C, NMS 1965.4.3; D, NMS 1980.40.31; E, NHM P61548; F, NHM P61549.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286656/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286656	Figure 10. Fouldenia anal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, GSE 2187; C, NMS 1965.4.3 (part); D, NMS 1965.4.3 (counterpart); E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NMS 1980.40.31; G, NMS P61549; H, NHM P61002; I, NMS 1984.67.62; J, NHM P61548.	Figure 10. Fouldenia anal fins. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, GSE 2187; C, NMS 1965.4.3 (part); D, NMS 1965.4.3 (counterpart); E, NMS 1984.67.61; F, NMS 1980.40.31; G, NMS P61549; H, NHM P61002; I, NMS 1984.67.62; J, NHM P61548.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286658/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286658	Figure 11. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–7 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P13187; C, NMS 1965.4.2; D, GSE 2187; E, NMS 1980.40.27; F, NMS 1965.4.3.	Figure 11. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins I. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 4–7 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NMS 1980.40.30; B, NHM P13187; C, NMS 1965.4.2; D, GSE 2187; E, NMS 1980.40.27; F, NMS 1965.4.3.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
824287C58038FF858952FCD7B5C6FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5286662/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5286662	Figure 12. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8–12 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NMS 1980.40.31; D, NHM P61549; E, NHM P13185; F, NHM P61548.	Figure 12. Fouldenia tails and caudal fins II. Photographs and interpretative drawings for specimens of 8–12 cm in total length. Unlabelled scale bars equal 1 cm. A, NHM P13183; B, NHM P13178; C, NMS 1980.40.31; D, NHM P61549; E, NHM P13185; F, NHM P61548.	2013-07-22	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.		Zenodo	biologists	Sallan, Lauren Cole;Coates, Michael I.			
