identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567.text	FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anamixis cavatura Thomas 1997	<div><p>Anamixis cavatura Thomas, 1997</p><p>Figs 10, 23 A, B</p><p>Leucothoides pottsi: Shoemaker 1933: 249–250, fig. 3; Ledoyer 1967: 127, fig. 5 b; Ruffo 1969: 12–13; Sivaprakasam 1967 (1969): 373, fig. 1 e – g; Ledoyer 1978 a: 375; Ledoyer 1978 b: 300 –301; Ledoyer 1979 a: 169; Ledoyer 1979 b: 111, fig. 68 (II); Thomas 1979: 107–109; Barnard 1979: 130.</p><p>Anamixis pottsi: Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994: 124.</p><p>Anamixis hanseni: Pearse 1912: 370; Thomas 1979: 107–109; Thomas and Taylor 1981: 462–467, figs 1–5; Thomas and Barnard 1983: 154–157 [not A. hanseni Stebbing, 1897].</p><p>Anamixis cavatura Thomas, 1997: 47–50, figs 3, 4; LeCroy 2007: 506, fig. 447; White 2011: 25, fig. 1.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1.7–4.9 mm • 2 anamorph ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2189/lat 9.3336)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 2 m; among red algae and Halimeda; 07 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6678 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, mangrove island next to Isla Solarte; depth 2 m; among coral rubble; 08 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762922 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3375/lat 9.4181)">Drago Beach</a>; 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among red algae; 09 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762923 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.235/lat 9.2625)">San Cristobal</a>; 9.2625°N, 82.2350°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble; 10 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762924 • 1 leucomorph ♂, 2 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1438&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1438/lat 9.2376)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2376°N, 82.1438°W; depth 1.5–3 m; among Halimeda; 11 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762925 • 1 anamorph ♂, 1 leucomorph ♂, 16 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2475)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2475°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5 m; among coral rubble; 12 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762926 • 1 anamorph ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2148/lat 9.3319)">Hospital Point</a>, 9.3319°N, 82.2148°W; depth 1–3 m; among Halimeda; 22 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762927 • 2 anamorph ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1369/lat 9.2459)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2459°N, 82.1369°W; depth 1–4 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762928 • 1 anamorph ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.0587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.0587/lat 9.2699)">Cayo Zapatilla</a> 1; 9.2699°N, 82.0587°W; depth 10–11 m; among coral rubble; 28 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762929 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anamorph male. Head anterior margin with small tooth-like projection; ventral keel elongate, subtriangular with pointed tip. Gnathopod 2 basis anteromedial margin with acute projection; propodus palm with several teeth; dactylus with distal serrations.</p><p>Leucomorph male and female. Head anterior margin quadrate; ventral keel subrectangular. Gnathopod 1 carpus finely serrate, apex with two serrate spines, larger spine with bifid tip. Gnathopod 2 palm transverse, irregularly serrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Dry Tortugas, Florida (Shoemaker 1933), Fort Pierce to Tampa, including the Florida Keys (Thomas 1997; LeCroy 2007), Mississippi Delta (Pearse 1912); Colombia: Isla Barú (Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994); Bahamas; Mexico: Yucatan; Belize: Carrie Bow Caye; Cuba: Guanahacabibes (Varela et al. 2003); Venezuela (Martín et al. 2013); Honduras; Jamaica; Greater and Lesser Antilles (Thomas 1997); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among red algae, Halimeda, and coral rubble at depths of 1– 11 m. Panamanian anamorph males differ from the original description in having the gnathopod 2 basis and ischium bare (vs each with one seta) and dactylus distally serrate (vs entire margin serrate). Living anamorphs are translucent white with brown splotches and have a red eye. Living leucomorphs are translucent white with magenta stripes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EBB4784BA9DE5251B4A386D1D2224727.text	EBB4784BA9DE5251B4A386D1D2224727.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anamixis Stebbing 1897	<div><p>Genus Anamixis Stebbing, 1897</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Extreme sexual dimorphism. Anamorph male. Head anterior margin oblique or rounded; mouthparts reduced. Gnathopod 1 carpochelate; coxa 1 greatly reduced, hidden by coxa 2. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate; propodus elongate with single mediofacial setal row. Female and leucomorph male. Head anterior margin transverse, mouthparts well developed. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; propodus subtriangular with transverse palm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBB4784BA9DE5251B4A386D1D2224727	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574.text	88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anamixis vanga Thomas 1997	<div><p>Anamixis vanga Thomas, 1997</p><p>Figs 11, 23 C, D</p><p>Anamixis vanga Thomas, 1997: 70–73, figs 17, 18; LeCroy 2007: 507, fig. 448; White 2011: 25–26, fig. 2.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–4 mm • 1 leucomorph ♂, 1 leucomorph ♀, 1 leucomorph juvenile; Bocas del Toro, Mangrove Inn; among coral rubble; 03 Aug 2005; M. Faust, E. Gaiser, T. Haney, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6679 • 3 anamorph ♂, 2 leucomoprh ♂, 6 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2188/lat 9.3336)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2188°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 06 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6680 • 3 anamorph ♂, 2 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2189/lat 9.3336)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 2 m; among sponges, coral rubble, and sand; 07 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6681 • 1 anamorph ♂, 2 leucomorph ♂, 6 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2489/lat 9.2693)">Pigeon Key Reef</a>; 9.2693°N, 82.2489°W; depth 0.5–1 m; among Halimeda and Thalassia; 09 Aug 2005; E. Baiser, T. A. Haney, S. LeCroy leg.; GCRL 6682 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1897&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2901" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1897/lat 9.2901)">Isla Solarte</a>; 9.2901°N, 82.1897°W; depth 1–5 m; among Halimeda; 08 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762930 • 2 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3375/lat 9.4181)">Drago</a>; 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among coral rubble; 09 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762931 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2222/lat 9.3278)">Pandora</a>; 9.3278°N, 82.2222°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble; 10 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762932 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2849" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2945/lat 9.2849)">San Cristobal</a>; 9.2849°N, 82.2945°W; depth 1–3 m; among Dictyota; 21 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762933 • 1 anamorph ♂, 1 leucomorph ♂, 6 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2148/lat 9.3319)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3319°N, 82.2148°W; depth 1–3 m; among coral rubble; 22 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762934 • 2 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3334/lat 9.4134)">Drago</a>; 9.4134°N, 82.3334°W; depth 1–3 m; among coral rubble; 23 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762935 • 1 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3/lat 9.4536)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4536°N, 82.3000°W; depth 2 m; among coral rubble; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762936 • 2 anamorph ♂, 1 leucomorph ♂, 4 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2476)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2476°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5–8 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762937 • 1 anamorph ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2185/lat 9.3333)">Pandora</a>; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 7 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762938 • 2 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.257/lat 9.3512)">STRI Dock</a>; 9.3512°N, 82.2570°W; depth 0–1 m; dock scraping; 27 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762939 • 1 leucomorph ♂, 3 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.0587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.0587/lat 9.2699)">Cayo Zapatilla 1</a>; 9.2699°N, 82.0587°W; depth 10–11 m; among coral rubble; 28 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762940 • 1 anamorph ♂, 6 leucomorph ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2502" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1318/lat 9.2502)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2502°N, 82.1318°W; depth 5–13 m; among coral rubble; 29 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762941 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anamorph male. Head with lateral ridge, anterior margin concave, without anterodistal notch, ventral keel rectangular. Gnathopod 2 basis with acute process subdistally; propodus palm with three teeth.</p><p>Leucomorph male and female. Head ocular lobe rounded; ventral keel rounded, subacute distally. Gnathopod 1 propodus margin finely serrate with several small setae; carpus dentate and finely serrate, terminal spines smooth with terminal bulb. Gnathopod 2 propodus palm oblique with several serrations.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Georgia to the Florida Keys (Thomas 1997); Belize: Carrie Bow Caye (Thomas 1997); Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Venezuela (Martín et al. 2013); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among sponges, Halimeda, Thalassia, and coral rubble at depths of 1– 11 m. Thomas (1997) reported this species from solitary ascidians at depths to 20 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of the species. Anamorph males have an anterior tubercle on the gnathopod 2 basis that was not illustrated in original description as noted by White (2011). Living anamorphs and leucomorphs are translucent with pale brown stripes and have red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.text	895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apolochus dragensis Dugger & White 2025	<div><p>Apolochus dragensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 3, 22 A</p><p>? Apolochus sp. A: LeCroy 2002: 231, fig. 237.</p><p>? Amphilochus neapolitanus: McKinney 1978: 137.</p><p>? Amphilochus neapolitanus: Thomas 1993: 24, fig. 25.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Bocas del Toro, Panama: Drago; 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among coral rubble.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Panama • 1 ♀, 2.3 mm; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3375/lat 9.4181)">Drago</a>; 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among coral rubble; 9 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762913 . Paratype: Panama • 1 ♀, 2.4 mm; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3/lat 9.4536)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4536°N, 82.3000°W; depth 2 m; among coral rubble; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762914 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anteroventral margin evenly rounded. Antenna 1 reaching the end of antenna 2 peduncle, with minute uni-articulate accessory flagellum. Mandibular molar reduced with a single apical spine. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe nearly reaching palmar angle, propodus lacking anterolateral spines and anterodistal projection, anterodistal corner rounded, palm finely crenulate.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype, 2.3 mm). Head. Eye medium, oval, darkly pigmented in the center. Head anteroventral margin evenly rounded; rostrum reaching end of antennae 1 peduncle article 1. Antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2, nearly reaching end of antenna 2 peduncle; flagellum 5 - articulate; accessory flagellum uni-articulate, minute. Antenna 2 1.3 × length of antenna 1; flagellum 6 - articulate. Maxilliped inner plate lined with marginal setae; outer plate broad, margins lined with setae, apical margin with one bifurcate spine-seta, inner margin slightly concave; palp article 3 inner distal margin tuberculate. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 5 marginal spine-setae, palp segment 2 elongate with 5 distal setae. Maxilla 2 plates medium width, both plates lined with thin and medium width setae apically. Mandibular molar reduced, with single apical spine; left mandible with row of nine spine setae; palp missing. Upper and lower lips damaged in dissection.</p><p>Pereon. Coxae 1 short, ventral margin serrate; coxa 2 rounded, posteroventral margin serrate; coxa 3 anteriorly rounded, posteroventral margin serrate; coxa 4 rounded, posterior margin concave. Gnathopod 1 basis with one posteroventral seta; ischium as wide as long; carpal lobe reaching 0.67 × propodus posterior margin, distal margin with three setae; propodus palm convex, crenulate, with five setae in distal half; dactylus distal inner margin lined with setae. Gnathopod 2, basis bare; carpal lobe reaching palmar angle; propodus lacking anterolateral setae, anterodistal corner rounded, palm convex, crenulate, lined with small setae; dactylus slender, proximal margin lined with setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli medium, slender. Pereopods 5–7 bases rounded, pereopod 7 basis widest; dactylus medium, slender.</p><p>Pleon. Epimera 1–3 rounded, bare. Pleopods, rami longer than peduncle; pleopods 1–3 rami with eight, seven, and six articles, respectively. Uropod 1 slender, peduncle with four marginal spine-setae, 1.6 × length of rami; rami subequal, distal margins lined with setae; inner ramus lacking spine-setae; outer ramus with one spine-seta. Uropod 2 0.5 × length of uropod 1; peduncle with one distal spine-seta, 0.5 × length of inner ramus; inner ramus 1.7 × length of outer ramus, with one distal spine-seta; outer ramus with one distal spine-seta. Uropod 3 missing. Telson subtriangular, length 2.4 × width, apex narrowly rounded.</p><p>Variation (paratype female, 2.4 mm). Mandibular spine row with eleven spine setae.</p><p>Male unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>After the place Drago, Bocas del Toro, Panama, meaning “ mouth of the dragon ” and referring to the type locality.</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble at 2–3 m depth in Panama. This species is most likely the species called Amphilochus neapolitanus (Della Vale, 1893) from the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea (McKinney 1978; Thomas 1993) and Apolochus sp. A (LeCroy 2002) based on the small, non-triturative molar and lack of anterolateral spines on the gnathopod 2 propodus. Apolochus dragensis sp. nov. can be differentiated from Apolochus neapolitanus based on the drawings from the Mediterranean illustrating a slightly triturative molar with two spines, a more densely setose uropod 2, and a wider telson (Krapp-Schickel 1982). The reduced molar and lack of anterolateral spines on the gnathopod 2 propodus easily distinguish this species from all other species documented from the region who have a triturative molar and anterolateral spines on the gnathopod 2 propodus ( A. pillaii (Barnard &amp; Thomas, 1983), A. cassahoya (McKinney, 1978), and A. delacaya (McKinney, 1978)) . The new species shares a minute accessory flagellum on antenna 1 with A. pillaii, but A. cassahoya and A. delacaya have an accessory flagellum equal to the length of antenna 1 peduncle article 3. The new species shares a reduced molar with several other species but differs in the following ways: A. barnardi and A. staudei Hoover &amp; Bousfield, 2001 have short, stout dactyls on pereopods 3 and 4 (vs medium length and slender); A. borealis (Enequist, 1949) has a short carpus on gnathopod 2 (vs reaching the palmar angle); and A. litoralis (Stout, 1912) has densely spinose uropods (vs few spine-setae). The new species is also easily distinguished from the other Apolochus species diagnosed here in having a round head margin (vs acute in A. cf. picadurus (Barnard, 1962) and subquadrate in A. pillaii). Apolochus dragensis sp. nov. differs from all other described Apolochus species in having a reduced molar. Living specimens are translucent with tan coloration on anterior and posterior ends, white opaque coloration on anterior half, rust coloration on pereopods 6 and 7, red stripes on antennae, and red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
C34B7F6DCA4A5957BF3B2FEC2826FD7D.text	C34B7F6DCA4A5957BF3B2FEC2826FD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apolochus Hoover & Bousfield 2001	<div><p>Genus Apolochus Hoover &amp; Bousfield, 2001</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Antenna 1 short, subequal in length with or slightly longer than peduncle of antenna 2, peduncle segments 1 and 2 broadened. Gnathopods 1 and 2 strongly subchelate. Gnathopod 2 carpus posterior lobe well-developed; propodus palm distinct, palmar angle defined by one or two spines. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli shorter than dactyli of pereopods 5–7. Telson subtriangular or linguiform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C34B7F6DCA4A5957BF3B2FEC2826FD7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD.text	E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apolochus picadurus (Barnard 1962)	<div><p>Apolochus cf. picadurus (Barnard, 1962)</p><p>Figs 4, 22 B</p><p>Amphilochus picadurus Barnard, 1962: 126–129, fig. 4.</p><p>Apolochus picadurus: Hoover and Bousfield 2001: 15.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–2 mm • 3 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2489&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2489/lat 9.2693)">Pigeon Key Reef</a>; 9.2693°N, 82.2489°W; depth 0.5–1 m; among Halimeda and Thalassia; 9 Aug 2005; E. Baiser, T. A. Haney, S. LeCroy leg.; GCRL 6673 • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2476)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2476°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5–8 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762915 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anteroventral margin acute. Antenna 1 shorter than peduncle of antenna 2, lacking accessory flagellum. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe nearly reaching palmar angle; propodus lacking anterolateral spines, with anterodistal projection. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli slender.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Southern California (Barnard 1962); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble, Halimeda, and Thalassia at depths of 0.5–8 m in Panama and among green mud and rock in Southern California at depths from 3.6–36 m (Barnard 1962). Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description. However, the mandibular molar was broken during dissection and cannot be confirmed in Panamanian specimens. The current distribution of this species is from central to Southern California (Barnard 1962). This finding extends the range of this species to include the Caribbean Sea. Analysis of more specimens is needed to confirm the species. Color of living specimens is unknown, ethanol-preserved specimens retain a brown spotted pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF.text	EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apolochus pillaii (Barnard & Thomas 1983)	<div><p>Apolochus pillaii (Barnard &amp; Thomas, 1983)</p><p>Figs 5, 22 C</p><p>Amphilochus pillaii Barnard &amp; Thomas, 1983: 179–187, figs 1–3.</p><p>Apolochus pillaii: Hoover and Bousfield 2001: 15; LeCroy 2002: 230, fig. 239.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1.3 mm • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3/lat 9.4536)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4536°N, 82.3000°W; depth 2 m; among coral rubble; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762916 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anteroventral margin subquadrate. Antenna 1 shorter than peduncle of antenna 2 with minute uni-articulate accessory flagellum. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe clearly not reaching palmar angle; propodus with two anterolateral spines, lacking anterodistal projection, anterodistal margin acute. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli slender.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Florida Keys (Barnard and Thomas 1983); Belize (Martín et al. 2013); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble at a depth of 2 m in Panama and is commensal on Pterogorgia anceps, the purple gorgonian in the Florida Keys (Barnard and Thomas 1983). Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description of this species with the exception of having two anterolateral spines on gnathopod 2 propodus (vs four), which may be due to the smaller size of the Panamanian specimen (1.3 vs 3.3 mm). Living specimens are translucent with tan coloration on anterior and posterior ends, white coloration on pereonites 3 and 4, brown spots on entire body, red stripes on antennae, and red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F.text	95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe alata Barnard 1959	<div><p>Leucothoe alata Barnard, 1959</p><p>Figs 12, 23E</p><p>Leucothoe minima Barnard, 1952: 9–12, pl. 1 [not Schellenberg, 1925: 141–142, fig. 12].</p><p>Leucothoe alata Barnard 1959: 19–20, pl. 1; Barnard 1962: 132, figs 7 D – F; Barnard 1964 a: 114; Barnard 1964 b: 227; Barnard 1966: 22; Barnard 1969 a: 164; Barnard 1969 b: 214; Barnard 1979: 128–129; Hirayama 1985: 172–174, figs 166, 169.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 2.5–3.2 mm • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.0587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.0587/lat 9.2699)">Cayo Zapatilla</a>; 9.2699°N, 82.0587°W; depth 0 m; buoy scraping; 29 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762942 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterodistal margin subquadrate without cusp; ventral keel slightly produced. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins bare; carpus thickened; propodus expanded, palm dentate; dactylus reaching less than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis with anterodistal projection; carpus distally truncate, spoon-like; propodus with one mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.9 × propodus length, palm with several small tubercles. Coxa 4 posterior margin slightly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Monterey Bay to San Ramon Bay, California (Barnard 1952, 1955, 1962, 1964 a, 1964 b, 1966, 1969 a, 1969 b, 1979); Japan: West Kyushu, Tomioka Bay (Hirayama 1985); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among sponges on docks (Barnard 1959) and buoys, suggesting that this species may be easily transported with fouling organisms. This may partially explain the range extension of this species to include the Caribbean Sea, when it was previously only documented from the Pacific Ocean. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description of this species, except for the anterodistal head margin appearing slightly more truncated in Panamanian specimens. The color of living specimens is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B.text	66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe ashleyae Thomas & Klebba 2006	<div><p>Leucothoe ashleyae Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2006</p><p>Figs 13, 23 F</p><p>Leucothoe ashleyae Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2006: 14–16, figs 1–3, 7; LeCroy 2011: 626, fig. 515; White 2011: 26–27, fig. 3.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–3 mm • 2 ♂; Bocas del Toro, STRI Point; 07 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6683 • 4 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, Bastamientos; 07 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6684 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2626/lat 9.3487)">STRI Point</a>; 9.3487°N, 82.2626°W; depth 12 m; among coral rubble; 06 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762943 • 2 ♂, 7 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3429/lat 9.29)">Almirante</a>; 9.2900°N, 82.3429°W; depth 10–11 m; commensal in Lissodendoryx columbiensis; 07 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762944 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3/lat 9.4536)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4536°N, 82.3000°W; depth 2 m; in sand; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762945 • 4 ♂, 6 ♀, 3 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, Punta Caracol; depth 1–2 m; commensal in Lissodendoryx columbiensis and among Halimeda; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762946 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2476)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2476°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5–8 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762947 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2185/lat 9.3333)">Pandora</a>; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 7 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762948 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterodistal margin rounded; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 0–1 seta, posterior margin bare; propodus palm serrate; dactylus reaching more than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with six short setae; carpus distally expanded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with two or three setae, submarginal setal row present, palm with several small tubercles. Coxa 4 posterior margin slightly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: South Florida, Florida Keys; Bahamas; Puerto Rico: Vieques; Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Belize: Whale Shoals; Honduras: Roatan (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs as a commensal in sponges and among coral rubble and algae at depths of 1– 12 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of the species, with the exception of having gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner smooth (vs serrate), carpus with distal setae (vs bare), and variation in the number of setae on gnathopod 2, remaining coxae, and pereopod 5–7 bases as noted by White (2011). Living specimens are translucent orange with a red eye.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7.text	E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe barana Thomas & Klebba 2007	<div><p>Leucothoe barana Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007</p><p>Figs 14, 23 G</p><p>Leucothoe barana Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007: 5–10, figs 1–3, 7 A, B; LeCroy 2011: 628, fig. 519; White 2011: 27, 28, fig. 4.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 2–5 mm • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2508" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1311/lat 9.2508)">Crawl Cay</a>; 9.2508°N, 82.1311°W; depth 0–2 m; commensal in Tedania sponge; 1 Aug 2005; J. D. Thomas leg.; GCRL 6685 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2148/lat 9.4533)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4533°N, 82.2148°W; depth 3 m; commensal in orange sponge; 04 Aug 2005; T. Haney leg.; GCRL 6686 • 5 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, STRI Point; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 06 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave leg.; GCRL 6687 • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1316/lat 9.3044)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3044°N, 82.1316°W; depth 1.5 m; among sponges, coral rubble, and sand; 07 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorensen leg.; GCRL 6688 • 7 ♂, 6 ♀, 9 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.257/lat 9.3512)">Laboratory Dock</a>; 9.3512°N, 82.2570°W; depth 0.5 m; mangrove sponge; 08 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6689 • 2 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2626/lat 9.3487)">STRI Point</a>; 9.3487°N, 82.2626°W; depth 12 m; commensal in loggerhead sponge; 06 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762949 • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3375/lat 9.4181)">Drago</a>; 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among coral rubble; 09 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762950 • 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3334/lat 9.4134)">Drago</a>; 9.4134°N, 82.3334°W; depth 1–3 m; among sponges and coral rubble; 23 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762951 • 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, Punta Caracol; depth 1–2 m; commensal in Lissodendoryx columbiensis; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762952 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp; ventral keel projected with cusp. Coxae 1–4 anterodistal and / or ventral margins serrate; coxa 4 posterior margin tapered. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins setose; carpus with two facial setae; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin lined with setae; carpus distally truncate; propodus mediofacial setal row reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with six setae, palm with several tubercles. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner narrowly rounded.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Florida Keys; Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs as a commensal in sponges and among coral rubble and algae at depths of 1– 12 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of this species with the exception of coxa 4 having a smooth anterior margin (vs having two sharp cusps in original description). Living specimens are translucent purple in color with a red eye.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0.text	33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe flammosa Thomas & Klebba 2007	<div><p>Leucothoe flammosa Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007</p><p>Figs 15, 23 H</p><p>Leucothoe spinicarpa Ortiz 1975: 8.</p><p>Leucothoe flammosa Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007: 10–15, figs 4–6, 7 C, D; LeCroy 2011: 629, fig. 505; White 2011: 28–29, fig. 5.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 4.5–6.5 mm • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2626/lat 9.3487)">STRI Point</a>; 9.3487°N, 82.2626°W; depth 12 m; commensal in Lima scabra; 06 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762953 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3429/lat 9.29)">Almirante</a>; 9.2900°N, 82.3429°W; depth 10–11 m; commensal in Lima scabra; 07 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762954 • 3 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3429/lat 9.29)">Almirante</a>; 9.2900°N, 82.3429°W; depth 10–11 m; from ark clams; 07 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762955 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anteroventral margin round. Coxae 1–4 smooth; coxa 4 posterior margin rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis expanded, posterior margin lacking setae; carpus expanded, posterior margin with row of long setae; propodus palm smooth; dactylus reduced, nail-like. Gnathopod 2 basis with few setae; carpus narrowing distally, tridentate; propodus mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.6 × length of propodus, dense row of submarginal setae present, palm with several tubercles; dactylus reaching 0.5 × length of propodus. Epimeron 3 posteroventral margin subquadrate, with a single seta.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Cuba: Gulf of Batabanó and Baracoa Beach, Barlovento (Ortiz 1975); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs in the mantle cavities of bivalve mollusks at depths of 1– 20 m. Panamanian specimens differ from the original description in being generally less setose (specifically on coxae and epimera) and lacking setae on gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin. White (2011) illustrated specimens of L. flammosa from Panama with fewer shorter setae on the gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin, suggesting that this character may vary within the species. Living specimens are translucent white with brown eyes. Ommatidia separated with white coloration. Females have yellow-green eggs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED.text	7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe kensleyi Thomas & Klebba 2006	<div><p>Leucothoe kensleyi Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2006</p><p>Figs 16, 24 A</p><p>Leucothoe tridens: Barnard 1965: 492; 1970: 211, fig. 137; 1971: 103; Serejo 1998: 109–112, figs 3, 4 [not Leucothoe tridens Stebbing, 1888].</p><p>Leucothoe kensleyi Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2006: 17–22, figs 4–7; LeCroy 2011: 631, fig. 509; White 2011: 29–30, fig. 6.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 4–5.6 mm • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.294/lat 9.3015)">Juan Point</a>; 9.3015°N, 82.2940°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble; 07 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762956 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3375/lat 9.4181)">Drago</a> 9.4181°N, 82.3375°W; depth 2–3 m; among coral rubble; 09 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762957 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2148/lat 9.3319)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3319°N, 82.2148°W; depth 1–3 m; among coral rubble; 22 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762958 • 4 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1369/lat 9.2459)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2459°N, 82.1369°W; depth 1–4 m; among coral rubble; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762959 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp; ventral keel acute. Coxae 1–3 each with antero- and posterodistal cusp, coxa 4 ventrally serrate, posteriorly tapered. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with few setae, posterior margin bare; carpus with one facial seta; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with few setae; carpus tapering distally; propodus mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with 2–4 setae, palm with several small tubercles. Pereopod 5–7 bases narrowly expanded. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner quadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Hawaii (Thomas and Klebba 2006), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), South Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Belize: Carrie Bow Cay (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Turks and Caicos Islands (LeCroy 2011); Brazil: Albrolhos (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among sponges and coral rubble from 1– 20 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions by Thomas and Klebba (2006) and White (2011) with the exception of coxa 4 having a smooth anterior margin and a slightly rounded posteroventral corner and a smooth ventral margin on epimeron 3. Living specimens are translucent pink in color with purple coloration on dorsal surface and red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313.text	89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe laurensi Thomas & Ortiz 1995	<div><p>Leucothoe laurensi Thomas &amp; Ortiz, 1995</p><p>Figs 17, 24 B</p><p>Leucothoe laurensi Thomas &amp; Ortiz, 1995: 613–616, figs 1, 2; Serejo 1998: 117–119, fig. 8; LeCroy 2011: 632, fig. 507; White 2011: 30, fig. 7.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 2.4–3.2 mm • 2 ♂, 5 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2188/lat 9.3336)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2188°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 6 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6690 • 8 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1369/lat 9.2459)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2459°N, 82.1369°W; depth 1–4 m; among coral rubble; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762960 • 1 ♂, 6 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2476)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2476°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5–8 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762961 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin oblique with rounded cusp; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis distally expanded, margins bare; carpus expanded, proximal margin with long distal seta; propodus inflated; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 carpus elongate, distally truncate; propodus distal margin with blade-like process, mediofacial row above midline, reaching almost entire length of propodus, palm subrectangular; dactylus short, thick. Coxa 4 anteroventral margin serrate, posterior margin excavate. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded with two setae.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: North Carolina to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Ortiz 1995), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), Cuba: Isla de la Juventud (Thomas and Ortiz 1995); Brazil: Pernambuco, Alagoas (Serejo 1998); Turks and Caicos Islands (LeCroy 2011); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble and fine sand from 1–50 m (Thomas and Ortiz 1995). Panamanian specimens agree with previous descriptions of this species with the exception of lacking a secondary mediofacial setal row on gnathopod 2 (vs a secondary row with one seta). Living specimens are translucent white with magenta stripes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
86BF29D06C475B28A2103D7E8A04E30C.text	86BF29D06C475B28A2103D7E8A04E30C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe Leach 1814	<div><p>Genus Leucothoe Leach, 1814</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Minimal sexual dimorphism. Eyes well-developed. Mandibular palp tri-articulate; left lacinia mobilis larger than right. Maxilliped outer plate not longer than palp article 1. Coxa 1–4 subequal in size. Gnathopod 1 carpochelate. Pereopods 5–7 bases expanded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/86BF29D06C475B28A2103D7E8A04E30C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C.text	32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe machidai White 2019	<div><p>Leucothoe machidai White, 2019</p><p>Figs 18, 24 C</p><p>Leucothoe machidai White, 2019: 5–8, figs 4, 5.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 2–6.5 mm • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1316/lat 9.3044)">Hospital Bight</a>; 9.3044°N, 82.1316°W; depth 1.5 m; among sponges, coral rubble, and sand; 7 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; 1 GCRL 669 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2189/lat 9.3336)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 2 m; among coral rubble; 7 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorensen leg.; GCRL 6692 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3334/lat 9.4134)">Drago</a>; 9.4134°N, 82.3334°W; depth 1–3 m; among coral rubble; 23 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762962 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2476" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.129/lat 9.2476)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2476°N, 82.1290°W; depth 5–8 m; among coral rubble; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762963 • 3 ♂, 5 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye; depth 0–1 m; buoy scraping; 28 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762964 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin truncate; ventral keel anterior margin weakly concave, anteroventral margin serrate. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with a few short setae; carpus proximal margin dentate, lacking facial setae; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae; carpus distally rounded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary row with three setae, palm with small tubercles, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 minutely serrate, posterior margin tapered. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner quadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Tampa Bay, Florida (White 2019); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among sponges, sand, and coral rubble and on buoys in Panama at depths of 0– 8 m. White (2019) recorded this species from solitary ascidians and sponges in Tampa, Florida. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description, with the exception of the anterior head margin being more truncate than rounded. Living specimens are translucent ivory with a pink tint.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B.text	949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe tunica White 2019	<div><p>Leucothoe tunica White, 2019</p><p>Figs 19, 24 D</p><p>Leucothoe n. sp. C: Thomas and Klebba 2007: 40 fig. 25 C.</p><p>Leucothoe n. sp. B: Thomas and Klebba 2007: 41, tab. 4 (not Leucothoe n. sp. B: Thomas and Klebba 2007: 40, fig. 25 B).</p><p>Leucothoe sp. B: LeCroy 2011: 636, fig. 516.</p><p>Leucothoe tunica White, 2019: 2–5, figs 1, 2.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 2–5.9 mm • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2983/lat 9.4533)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4533°N, 82.2983°W; depth 3 m; commensal in orange sponge; 4 Aug 2005; M. Faust, E. Gaiser, T. Haney, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6693 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.294/lat 9.3015)">Juan Point</a>; 9.3015°N, 82.2940°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble; 7 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762965 • 2 ♂, 5 ♀, 2 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4131" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3334/lat 9.4131)">Drago</a>; 9.4131°N, 82.3334°W; depth 1–3 m; among sponges and coral rubble; 23 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762966 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, Punta Caracol; depth 1–2 m; among Halimeda; 24 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762967 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1369/lat 9.2459)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2459°N; 82.1369°W; depth 1–4 m; among coral rubble; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762968 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin rounded; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with two short setae; carpus proximal margin dentate, with two facial setae; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae; carpus distally rounded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary row with one seta, palm with several tubercles, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin weakly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Tampa Bay and Tarpon Springs, Florida (White 2019), south Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007), Apalachee Bay, Florida (LeCroy 2011), Mobile Bay, Alabama (LeCroy 2011), 7 ½ Fathom Reef, Texas (LeCroy 2011), and South Carolina (LeCroy 2011); Belize: Carrie Bow Cay (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama, Bocas del Toro (White 2011; this study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among sponges, Halimeda, and coral rubble at depths of 1– 11 m. White (2019) reported this species as commensal in several species of sponges, ascidians at depths to 15 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description, with the exception of the following: gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 2 setae (vs 4–6 setae), posterior margin bare (vs 2–5 setae); a second mediofacial row of 1–3 setae on gnathopod 2 propodus (vs lacking) and a weakly concave posterior margin on coxa 4 (vs tapered). Living specimens are translucent ivory to pink in color.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26.text	62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe ubouhu Thomas & Klebba 2007	<div><p>Leucothoe ubouhu Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007</p><p>Figs 20, 24E</p><p>Leucothoe ubouhu Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007: 25–30, figs 15–18, 22 A, B; LeCroy 2011: 633, fig. 521; White 2011: 30–31, fig. 8.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–7 mm • 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2612/lat 9.3556)">Sunset Point</a>; 9.3556°N, 82.2612°W; among Thalassia; 6 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorensen leg.; GCRL 6694 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2188/lat 9.3336)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2188°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 6 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6695 • 11 ♂, 14 ♀, 6 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1316/lat 9.2505)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2505°N, 82.1316°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble and red sponges; 7 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6696 • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2189/lat 9.3336)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 2 m; among sand and coral rubble; 7 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorensen leg.; GCRL 6697 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2185/lat 9.3333)">Weather Instrument Platform</a>; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 1 m; commensal in lavender sponge; 8 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6698 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, Isla San Cristobal; depth 0.2 m; among red algae; 9 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6699 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.3429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.29" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.3429/lat 9.29)">Almirante</a>; 9.2900°N, 82.3429°W; depth 10–11 m; commensal in Pseudoceratina crassa; 7 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762969 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1438&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2378" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1438/lat 9.2378)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2378°N, 82.1438°W; depth 1.5–3 m; among coral rubble; 11 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762970 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2849" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2945/lat 9.2849)">San Cristobal</a>; 9.2849°N, 82.2945°W; depth 1–3 m; among sponges; 21 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762971 • 5 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2148/lat 9.3319)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3319°N, 82.2148°W; depth 1–3 m; among coral rubble; 22 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762972 • 1 ♂; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1369/lat 9.2459)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2459°N, 82.1369°W; depth 1–4 m; in sand; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762973 • 2 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.257/lat 9.3511)">STRI dock</a>; 9.3511°N, 82.2570°W; depth 0–1 m; dock scraping; 27 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762971 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin truncate, anterodistal margin with cusp; ventral keel produced, subquadrate. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with several setae, female posterior margin lined with setae; carpus proximal margin dentate; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching further than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short and medium length setae, female posterior margin with few setae; carpus distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.6–0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with four setae, palm minutely tuberculate, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs as commensal in sponges, and among Halimeda, sand, and coral rubble at depths of 0– 12 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description with the exception of a more setose posterior margin on gnathopod 1 basis (see White 2011 for other variations not found in these specimens). Living specimens are translucent orange with red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56.text	3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucothoe wuriti Thomas & Klebba 2007	<div><p>Leucothoe wuriti Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007</p><p>Figs 21, 24 F</p><p>Leucothoe spinicarpa: Ortiz 1975: 10, fig. 5.</p><p>Leucothoe wuriti Thomas &amp; Klebba, 2007: 30–35, figs 19, 21, 22 C, D; LeCroy 2011: 634–635, fig. 513; White 2011: 31–32, fig. 9.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 3.6–7 mm • 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2188/lat 9.3336)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2188°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and Halimeda; 6 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave, M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6700 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3045" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1316/lat 9.3045)">Hospital Bight</a>; 9.3045°N, 82.1316°W; depth 1.5 m; among sponges, coral rubble and sand; 7 Aug 2005; R. Collin, M. Faust, E. Gaiser, S. LeCroy, S. Richardson, M. Sorensen leg.; GCRL 6701 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.257/lat 9.3511)">Laboratory Dock</a>; 9.3511°N, 82.2570°W; depth 1 m; light trap; 8 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave leg.; GCRL 6702 • 2 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2185/lat 9.3333)">Weather Instrument Platform</a>; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 1 m; commensal in lavender sponge; 8 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6703 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1897&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2901" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1897/lat 9.2901)">Isla Solarte</a>; 9.2901°N, 82.1897°W; depth 1–5 m; commensal in ascidian and mangrove scraping; 8 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762975 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin rounded; ventral keel anterodistal margin quadrate. Gnathopod 1 coxa with one mediofacial seta; basis anterior margin with few short setae, posterior margin bare; carpus proximal margin dentate, with several facial setae; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching more than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae, posterior margin bare; carpus distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row displaced to midline, reaching 0.8 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with three setae, palm with distinct tubercules, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate, slightly produced.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Biscayne Bay, Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs as commensal in ascidians and among sponges, coral rubble, Halimeda, and sand at depths of 0– 15 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description except for a shorter facial seta on gnathopod 1 coxa (see White 2011 for other variations in these specimens). Living specimens are translucent white with maroon stripes on antenna 1 and along pereonite edges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EF40D07C599556F99A14F4D8E961266A.text	EF40D07C599556F99A14F4D8E961266A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seba Bate 1863	<div><p>Genus Seba Bate, 1863</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Antennae stout, flagella reduced. Eyes absent or poorly developed. Body subcylindrical. Gnathopod 1 chelate or subchelate. Gnathopod 2 chelate. Urosome segments 2 and 3 fused; uropod 3 uniramous. Telson entire.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF40D07C599556F99A14F4D8E961266A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E.text	A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seba tropica McKinney 1980	<div><p>Seba cf. tropica McKinney, 1980</p><p>Figs 6, 22 D</p><p>Seba A: McKinney 1977: 200–203, pls 47, 48.</p><p>Seba tropica McKinney, 1980: 99–102, figs 8, 9; LeCroy 2011: 100, fig. 13.</p><p>Caribseba tropica: Shaw 1989: 1885.</p><p>Seba n. sp.: Oliva-Rivera and Jiménez-Cueto 1992: 182.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1.5 mm • 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1316/lat 9.2505)">Crawl Caye</a>; 9.2505°N; 82.1316°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble and red sponges; 7 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave and M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6674 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Antenna 1 sparsely setose; peduncle article length ratios: 1: 1.1: 0.4; accessory flagellum lacking. Gnathopod 1 chelate; propodus palm transverse; dactylus proximal margin smooth. Gnathopod 2 article 5 0.7 × length of article 6 (measured to distal end). Pereopod 7 basis posterior margin with distoventral lobe. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner acute, produced.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Biscayne Bay, Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas 1993), Port Isabel, Texas (McKinney 1980); Mexico: Yucatan Peninsula (McKinney 1980; Oliva-Rivera and Jiménez-Cueto 1992 as Seba n. sp.); Belize: Carrie Bow Caye (Thomas 1993); Venezuela: Cayo Boca Seca (Martín 2001); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble, Thalassia, and red sponges at depths to 12 m. Only one small specimen of this species was collected in 2005. This specimen nearly matches the original description of Seba tropica but differs in the following characters: antenna 1 setose (vs unarmed) and peduncle article length ratios: 1: 1.1: 0.4 (vs 1: 1.4: 0.5). Seba tropica is the only described species of Seba without an accessory flagellum. This specimen may represent a new species, but this will need to be confirmed with more specimens. Thomas (1993) reports that living specimens are ivory in color.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
8B78236446D95A7BABA02F5CA049DB67.text	8B78236446D95A7BABA02F5CA049DB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenothoe Dana 1852	<div><p>Genus Stenothoe Dana, 1852</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Maxilla 1 palp bi-articulate. Gnathopods 1 and 2 subchelate. Coxa 1 reduced; coxa 4 large, shield-like, posteriorly tapered, not covering basis of pereopod 7. Pereopod 5 basis linear. Pereopods 6 and 7 basis expanded. Uropod 3 uniramous, ramus bi-articulate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B78236446D95A7BABA02F5CA049DB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE.text	0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenothoe gallensis Walker 1904	<div><p>Stenothoe gallensis Walker, 1904</p><p>Figs 7, 22E</p><p>Probolium polyprion: Catta 1876: 15–27, pl. 2, fig. 1 [not Probolium polyprion Costa, 1853].</p><p>Stenothoe gallensis Walker, 1904: 261–262, pl. 3, fig. 19; LeCroy 2011: 722, fig. 569; Krapp-Schickel 2015: 8–10.</p><p>Stenothoe cattail: Stebbing 1906: 195.</p><p>Stenothoe crenulata: Chevreux 1907: 412–413.</p><p>Stenothoe valida: Kunkel 1910: 16–18, fig. 5 [not Stenothoe valida Dana, 1853]</p><p>Stenothoe sp. A: Rakocinski et al. 1996: 350.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–4 mm • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2222/lat 9.3278)">Pandora</a>; 9.3278°N, 82.2222°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble; 10 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762917 • 6 ♂, 37 ♀, 3 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2185/lat 9.3333)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 11 m; buoy scraping; 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762918 • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye; depth 0–1 m; buoy scraping; 29 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762919 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin subtruncate, eye relatively small. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subovate, palmar angle absent, palm smooth. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palmar angle absent, with distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe not reaching more than halfway to distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle with distoventral spur; inner ramus with one spine-seta. Uropod 3 second article of ramus subequal in length with first article of ramus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species has been reported worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic distribution: USA: North Carolina (Fox and Bynum 1975), Louisiana (Lewbel et al. 1987), Florida (Culpepper 1969; Thomas 1993; Nelson 1995; Rakocinski et al. 1996; LeCroy 2011), Texas (McKinney 1977); Mexico: Veracruz (McKinney 1977), Quintana Roo (Oliva-Rivera and Jiménez-Cueto 1992); Cuba: Sabana-Camagüey (Ortiz and Lalana 1996); Costa Rica: (Martín et al. 2013); Venezuela: Anzoátegui, Sucre (Martín and Díaz 2003); Puerto Rico (Shoemaker 1935); Virgin Islands (Shoemaker 1935); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble and fouling organisms at depths to 11 m. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of Stenothoe gallensis . Living specimens are white with mottled mustard coloration, orange antennae, and orange eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81.text	5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenothoe minuta Holmes 1903	<div><p>Stenothoe minuta Holmes, 1903</p><p>Figs 8, 22 F</p><p>Stenothoe minuta Holmes, 1903: 278; Holmes 1905: 485–486; LeCroy 2011: 724, fig. 572.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–2 mm • 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2188&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2188/lat 9.3336)">Hospital Point</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2188°W; depth 15 m; among coral rubble and red algae; 6 Aug 2005; S. DeGrave and M. Salazar leg.; GCRL 6675 • 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2222/lat 9.3278)">Pandora</a>; 9.3278°N, 82.2222°W; depth 10 m; among coral rubble; 10 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762920 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin rounded, eye relatively large. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subrectangular, palmar angle defined by spine, palm crenulate. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palm and posterior margin distinguishable, lacking distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe not reaching more than halfway to distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle lacking distoventral spur; inner ramus bare. Uropod 3 second article of ramus 1.6 × length of first article of ramus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>USA: Texas (McKinney 1977); Cape Cod, Massachusetts to northeast Florida (Holmes 1903; Watling and Maurer 1972; Bousfield 1973; Caine 1986), Pine Island Sound, Florida (LeCroy 2011), Apalachee Bay, Florida (Lewis 1984, 1987); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among coral rubble in Panama at depths to 15 m. Previous reports list this species among hydroids, algae, and other fouling organisms (LeCroy 2011). Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of this species and can be distinguished by the elongate second article of the uropod 3 ramus. Living specimens are translucent with white spots covering body and red eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B.text	FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenothoe valida Dana 1853	<div><p>Stenothoe valida Dana, 1853</p><p>Figs 9, 22 G</p><p>Stenothoe validus Dana, 1853: 924–925, pl. 63, fig. 1.</p><p>Probolium polyprion: Costa 1853: 173.</p><p>Probolium megacheles: Heller 1866: 13–14, pl. 2, figs 1, 2.</p><p>Stenothoe valida: Stebbing 1906: 194; LeCroy 2011: 726, fig. 570; Krapp-Schickel 2015: 40–45, figs 21–23.</p><p>Stenothoe assimilis: Chevreux 1908: 4–8, figs 4–6.</p><p>Stenothoe ornata: Barnard 1930: 341, fig. 16.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Panama • 1–3.5 mm • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.4533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2983/lat 9.4533)">Swan Caye</a>; 9.4533°N, 82.2983°W; depth 3 m; among brown algae, filamentous red algae, and hydroids; 4 Aug 2005; M. Faust, E. Gaiser, T. Haney, S. Richardson, M. Sorenson leg.; GCRL 6676 • 1 juvenile; Bocas del Toro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2189/lat 9.3336)">Cayo Solarte</a>; 9.3336°N, 82.2189°W; depth 0.5 m; among hydroids and algae; 7 Aug 2005; T. A. Haney leg.; GCRL 6677 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye; depth 1–4 m; mangrove root scraping; 25 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1762921 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head anterior margin rounded, eye relatively large. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subovate, palmar angle absent, palm crenulate. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palmar angle absent, with distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe nearly reaching distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle lacking distoventral spur; inner ramus with two spine-setae. Uropod 3 second article of ramus subequal in length with first article of ramus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species has been reported as nearly cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic distribution: USA: North Carolina (Fox and Bynum 1975), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), Biscayne Bay, Florida (LeCroy 2011), the Dry Tortugas, Florida (Pearse 1932); Bonaire: Bonaire, Kralendijk (Krapp-Schickel 2015); Bermuda: Harrington Sound (Krapp-Schickel 2015); Colombia: Barú (Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994); Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (Dana 1853; Wakabara and Serejo 1998); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).</p><p>Ecology and remarks.</p><p>This species occurs among algae, hydroids, and fouling organisms in Panama up to depths of 4 m. Previous reports list this species to depths of 33 m (LeCroy 2011). Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of this species from the Western Atlantic (Stebbing 1906; LeCroy 2011; Krapp-Schickel 2015) and can be distinguished by the elongate merus of pereopod 7. Color of living specimens is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dugger, Abigail R.;White, Kristine N.	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
