identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
325488B866BA5A9C9FFE655038853D58.text	325488B866BA5A9C9FFE655038853D58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helvella acetabuloides X. C. Wang & W. Y. Zhuang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helvella acetabuloides X.C. Wang &amp; W.Y. Zhuang sp. nov. Figure 3  a–d</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> CHINA. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng City, Harqin Banner, Shijia Town, Toudaoyingzi Village, 41°53'20"N, 119°1'1"E, on the ground under  Ostryopsis davidiana Decne., 8 Aug 2002, T.Z. Liu &amp; T.H. Liu, HMAS 279703 (= CFSZ 2044). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The species epithet refers to its similarity to  H. acetabulum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Apothecia stipitate to subsessile, cupulate, margin undulate, involute or revolute, 2.2-4.8 cm high and 2.5-4 cm diam. when dry; hymenium dull brown to reddish-brown when dry, receptacle surface light brown to brown when dry, glabrous; stipe terete or flattened, buff, light yellowish-brown to brown, surface ribbed, 0.5-3  × 0.4-1.3 cm, typically fluted with sharp-edged or rarely blunt ribs, ribs branching at the upper half of receptacle surface, reaching to the edge or ending 1-2 mm from the edge. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis, 75-100  µm thick, cells hyaline, outer cells arranged in chains, 16-21.5  × 7-8  µm . Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, 180-220  µm thick, hyphae hyaline. Asci subcylindrical, tapering and with crozier at base, 8-spored, 235-280  × 15-20  µm . Paraphyses filiform with apical portion very slightly enlarged, septate, hyaline, 4.5-5.5  µm wide at apex and 4-4.5  µm below. Ascospores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, uniguttulate, 14-20  × 10-14.5  µm , median 16.2  × 12.3  µm , Q = 1.2-1.55, median 1.375, n = 50. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>CHINA. Shaanxi Province, Baoji City, Taibai County, Mt. Taibai, 34°1'53"N, 107°25'33"E, alt. 2270 m, on the ground in broad-leaf forest, 26 Jun 1958, J.H. Yu 106, HMAS 23842.</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Helvella acetabuloides is nested with  H. acetabulum ,  H. arctoalpina ,  H. costata and  H. sichuanensis in Clade 3 (Figure 1). Its hymenium is reddish-brown when dry and different from that of  H. acetabulum (brown when dry) and those of  H. arctoalpina and  H. sichuanensis (black when dry, Harmaja 1977b). The two specimens cited are identical in sequences of Hsp90.  Helvella acetabuloides differs from  H. acetabulum in 6 bp for Hsp90 (H410, epitype), 14 bp for ITS2 (HMAS 243823) and 17 bp for TEF1 (H133). It is distinguished from  H. arctoalpina in 2 bp of Hsp90 (H293, holotype) and 11 bp of TEF1 (H033), from  H. costata in 3 bp of Hsp90. It differs from  H. sichuanensis in 1 bp of Hsp90, 20 bp of ITS2 and 11 bp of TEF1. PCR amplification of LSU failed. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/325488B866BA5A9C9FFE655038853D58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Xin-Cun;Liu, Tie-Zhi;Chen, Shuang-Lin;Li, Yi;Zhuang, Wen-Ying	Wang, Xin-Cun, Liu, Tie-Zhi, Chen, Shuang-Lin, Li, Yi, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2019): A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186
FA734B9A7D7959C4A722A3FFE6D51D54.text	FA734B9A7D7959C4A722A3FFE6D51D54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helvella calycina Skrede, T. A. Carlsen & T. Schumach., Persoonia 39: 221 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helvella calycina Skrede, T.A. Carlsen &amp; T. Schumach., Persoonia 39: 221, 2017</p>
            <p>Specimen examined.</p>
            <p>CHINA. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xilingol League, Zhenglan Banner, Yihehaierhan Sumu, 42°23'8"N, 116°10'17"E, 21 August 2005, on the ground, T.Z. Liu &amp; X.L. Bai, HMAS 279704 (= CFSZ 2658).</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Helvella calycina is a new record for China. It was known only from Norway and Denmark. The Chinese collection extends its distribution to Asia. The Chinese collection is identical with the epitype in TEF1 but with 2 bp differences for Hsp90 and 1 bp for LSU. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA734B9A7D7959C4A722A3FFE6D51D54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Xin-Cun;Liu, Tie-Zhi;Chen, Shuang-Lin;Li, Yi;Zhuang, Wen-Ying	Wang, Xin-Cun, Liu, Tie-Zhi, Chen, Shuang-Lin, Li, Yi, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2019): A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186
B26640F5749E58279B98508F5CAF8DE7.text	B26640F5749E58279B98508F5CAF8DE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helvella sichuanensis X. C. Wang & W. Y. Zhuang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helvella sichuanensis X.C. Wang &amp; W.Y. Zhuang sp. nov. Figure 3  e–g</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> CHINA. Sichuan Province,  Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Daocheng County, Yading National Nature Reserve, 28°25'6"N, 100°21'26"E, alt. 3900 m, on the ground of mixed forest, 18 Aug 2016, J.P. Wang &amp; X.C. Wang 10706, HMAS 254610. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species epithet refers to the type locality of the fungus.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Apothecia stipitate, shallow-cupulate, margin entire and flattened when fresh, undulate, involute or revolute when dry, 5-6 cm diam. when fresh and 2.5-3.5 cm high when dry; hymenium yellowish-brown when fresh, nearly black when dry, receptacle surface buff to light brown when fresh, light brown to dark brown when dry, glabrous; stipe terete or flattened, buff to light brown, surface ribbed, 2.5-3  × 1.5-3 cm when fresh, 2-2.5  × 0.5-1.5 cm when dry, typically fluted with sharp-edged or rarely blunt ribs, ribs branching at the upper half of receptacle surface, reaching to the edge or ending 3-5 mm from the edge. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis, 100-180  µm thick, cells hyaline to light brown, outer cells 15-45  × 9-35  µm . Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, 300-500  µm thick, hyphae hyaline. Asci subcylindrical, tapering and with crozier at base, 8-spored, 225-325  × 13-18.5  µm . Paraphyses filiform with apical portion obviously swollen, septate, hyaline to light brown, 7-10.5  µm wide at apex and 3-4.5  µm below. Ascospores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, uniguttulate, 15.5-18.5  × 10-12.5  µm , median 16.9  × 11.2  µm , Q = 1.3-1.7, median 1.48, n = 40. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Helvella sichuanensis belongs to Clade 3 (Figure 1). Its hymenium is nearly black when dry, which is similar to that of  H. arctoalpina , but different from those in  H. acetabulum (brown when dry) and  H. acetabuloides (reddish-brown when dry). When fresh, the hymenium is yellowish-brown, while that of  H. arctoalpina is brown. Molecularly, it differs from  H. acetabulum in 7 bp of Hsp90 (H410, epitype), 14 bp of ITS2 (HMAS 243823), 17 bp of LSU (H133) and 15 bp of TEF1 (H133); from  H. arctoalpina in 1 bp of Hsp90 (H293, holotype), 25 bp of LSU (H033) and 11 bp of TEF1 (H033); and from  H. costata in 2 bp of Hsp90 and 13 bp of LSU. The sequence divergences between  H. sichuanensis and  H. acetabuloides are 1 bp of Hsp90, 20 bp of ITS2 and 12 bp of TEF1. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B26640F5749E58279B98508F5CAF8DE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Xin-Cun;Liu, Tie-Zhi;Chen, Shuang-Lin;Li, Yi;Zhuang, Wen-Ying	Wang, Xin-Cun, Liu, Tie-Zhi, Chen, Shuang-Lin, Li, Yi, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2019): A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186
72A5BD1BAD945CBC84622F9222C29E07.text	72A5BD1BAD945CBC84622F9222C29E07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helvella taiyuanensis B. Liu, Du & J. Z. Cao, Acta Mycol. Sin. 4 (4): 211 1985	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helvella taiyuanensis B. Liu, Du &amp; J.Z. Cao, Acta Mycol. Sin. 4(4): 211, 1985 Figure 4 </p>
            <p>Neotype is designated here.</p>
            <p>CHINA. Shanxi Province, Lvliang City, Jiaocheng County, Guandishan National Forest Park, 37°54'25"N, 111°35'40"E, on the ground in mixed forest, 16 Jul 1987, Y.M. Li, HMAS 85689 (= MHSU 758).</p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA. Beijing City, Mentougou District, Xiaolongmen National Forest Park, 39°58'2"N, 115°26'43"E, alt. 1100 m, on the ground in mixed forest, 4 Aug 2018, X.C. Wang et al. 11925, HMAS 254611. Hubei Province, Yichang City, Xingshan County, Longmenhe National Forest Park, 31°21'12"N, 110°30'40"E, on the ground, 23 Jul 2017, R. Wang &amp; X. Zhang 420526MF0679, MCCNNU 6499, HMAS 279702. Yunnan Province, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,  Dêqên County, Yunling Town, Meili Snow Mountain, 28°23'23"N, 98°47'49"E, alt. 3150 m, on the ground, 12 Aug 2016, Y. Li 920, HMAS 277500. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> This species was originally described, based on a single specimen collected by Y.M. Li from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province in 1983 (Holotype: HBSU 2449, Liu et al. 1985). Unfortunately, the type specimen was destroyed by a fire in MHSU in 1984 (Cao 1988, Cao et al. 1990). To protect fungal collections after the fire, the remaining specimens, deposited in MHSU, were moved to HMAS. The neotype specimen HMAS 85689 was collected by the same collector as the type specimen of  H. taiyuanensis and identified by one of the original authors J.Z. Cao (Cao 1988). Its detailed morphological characteristics are in accordance with the original description. We thus treat it as authentic material. As other specimens were neither cited in the protologue nor filed under this name, we thus designate HMAS 85689 as the neotype specimen of  H. taiyuanensis . </p>
            <p> Helvella taiyuanensis was once treated as a synonym of  H. solitaria sensu Dissing (1966), based on morphological features (Cao 1988), but the molecular differences between them are clear in the multigene analysis (Figure 1). It should be a tenable species. The four specimens of the fungus examined are variable in colour of the hymenium and receptacle surface when dry or fresh, but stable in cupulate to saddle-shaped apothecia (Figure 4). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they belong to the same species (Figures 1, 2 and Suppl. material 1: S1-S4) although minor sequence divergences exist amongst collections. The maximum sequence divergences amongst collections are 1 bp in Hsp90, 6 bp in ITS2, 3 bp in LSU and 7 bp in TEF1. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/72A5BD1BAD945CBC84622F9222C29E07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Xin-Cun;Liu, Tie-Zhi;Chen, Shuang-Lin;Li, Yi;Zhuang, Wen-Ying	Wang, Xin-Cun, Liu, Tie-Zhi, Chen, Shuang-Lin, Li, Yi, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2019): A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186
09A48BF3ECA751009576E424981BD683.text	09A48BF3ECA751009576E424981BD683.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helvella tianshanensis X. C. Wang & W. Y. Zhuang	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helvella tianshanensis X.C. Wang &amp; W.Y. Zhuang sp. nov. Figure 3  h–k</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Jimsar County, 43°59'44"N, 89°10'31"E, alt. 1700 m, on the ground, 31 Jul 2003, W.Y. Zhuang &amp; Y. Nong 4661, HMAS 86040.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species epithet refers to the type locality of the fungus.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Apothecia stipitate, cupulate, margin undulate, involute, 2.5-3.5 cm high and 2-3 cm diam. when dry; hymenium greyish-brown, brown to dark brown, receptacle surface yellowish-brown to brown; stipe terete or flattened, buff, yellowish-brown, orange brown to brown, surface ribbed, 2-2.5  × 0.5-1.3 cm, typically fluted with rarely blunt ribs, ribs branching at the upper half of receptacle surface, reaching to the edge or ending 3-12 mm from the edge. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis, 120-150  µm thick, hyphae hyaline, outer cells 35-40  × 20-40  µm . Medullary excipulum of textura intricata, 350-600  µm thick, hyphae hyaline. Asci subcylindrical, tapering and with crozier at base, 8-spored, 240-275  × 12-24  µm . Paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at apical portion, septate, hyaline to light brown, 6-7.5  µm wide at apex and 3-4.5  µm below. Ascospores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, uniguttulate, 17-21  × 11.5-13.5  µm , median 18.8  × 12.3  µm , Q = 1.35-1.7, median 1.51, n = 30. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, Urumqi County, 43°28'47"N, 87°27'27"E, 12 Aug 1985, L. Fan &amp; K. Tao 161, HMAS 88611.</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Helvella tianshanensis nested with  H. calycina and  H. costifera in Clade 1 (Figure 1). These three species are hardly separated by gross morphology and anatomic structures.  Helvella tianshanensis differs from  H. calycina in 4 bp of Hsp90 (H022, epitype), 16 bp of ITS2 (HMAS 279704), 9 bp of LSU (H022) and 15 bp of TEF1 (H022); and it is different from  H. costifera in 3 bp of Hsp90 (H298, epitype), 12 bp of ITS2 (HMAS 187120), 11 bp of LSU (H131) and 13 bp of TEF1 (H131). The two specimens of the new species are identical in Hsp90 and ITS2. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09A48BF3ECA751009576E424981BD683	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Xin-Cun;Liu, Tie-Zhi;Chen, Shuang-Lin;Li, Yi;Zhuang, Wen-Ying	Wang, Xin-Cun, Liu, Tie-Zhi, Chen, Shuang-Lin, Li, Yi, Zhuang, Wen-Ying (2019): A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45-67, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186
