taxonID	type	description	language	source
7C0F87F9164DFFC4FF7CB20E5A3FD4D9.taxon	description	Trees or shrubs, often multi-stemmed; glabrous or with an indument of simple hairs. Leaves alternate, or clustered near the apices of short lateral branches, the margin entire, sometimes revolute, the venation pinnate, brochididromous, petiolate, the petioles generally adaxially canaliculate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose to paniculate, occasionally nearly racemose or reduced to 1 - 3 flowers. Flowers bisexual, or possible unisexual and the plants dioecious in H. capuronii and H. lyciacea; calyx 5 - lobed, valvate in bud, pubescent inside; corolla white, urceolate with 5 spreading to reflexed lobes, these much shorter than the tube; stamens 5, included or slightly exserted, the filaments glabrous or pubescent at the point of insertion the anthers oblong to ellipsoid; ovary ovoid, 4 - locular, the style 1, terminal, bifid, the stigmas 2, clavate to capitate. Fruits drupaceous, ovoid to nearly spherical, the exocarp thin to leathery, mesocarp usually sparse, fleshy, the endocarp separating into 4, 1 - seeded pyrenes, these winged or ridged on the exterior surface.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9164DFFC4FF7CB20E5A3FD4D9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — Hilsenbergia ehretia Tausch ex Meisn. The genus Hilsenbergia consists of 18 species from east Africa, Madagascar, the Comores, and the Mascarenes.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91642FFC9FD21B6805805D43F.taxon	description	Frutex vel arbor parva, cortice subtiliter fissurata, ramunculis sparse puberulis vel glabris. Folia decidua, alterna vel sub-opposita, lamina ovata ad elliptica, 2.5 - 5.5 cm longa, 1.3 - 3 cm lata, apice acuminata usque acuta vel raro obtusa, basi acuta usque obtusa vel rotundata, margine integra, adaxialiter glabra vel trichomatibus secus costam vestita, abaxialiter puberula vel glabra; petiolo 5 - 17 mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, racemosae vel cymosae, 1.5 - 5.5 cm longae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato usque urceolato, 3 - 3.5 mm longo, 5 - lobo, glabro praeter trichomatum caespites ad apices lobulorum; corolla tubularis, lobis absentibus. Fructus non visi. TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 24232 (Capuron), Madagascar, Prov. Mahajanga (Ambongo), calcaires, près d’un cours d’eau, au sud d’Antsakoamanera, baie de Marambitsy, 16 ° 30 ’ S, 44 ° 40 ’ E, fl., 20 Nov. 1965 (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, GH!, K!, MO!, P!, TEF!, WAG!). Shrub or small tree, the bark finely fissured, the twigs sparsely puberulent to glabrous; leaves deciduous, borne only on the current season’s growth, alternate to subopposite; blades ovate to elliptic, 2.5 - 5.5 cm long, 1.3 - 3 cm wide, the apex acuminate to acute or rarely obtuse, the base acute to obtuse or rounded, the margin entire, the adaxial surface glabrous or with hairs along the midrib, the abaxial surface evenly puberulent to glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib even with the adaxial surface or impressed near the base, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 3 - 5, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 5 - 17 mm long, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface, glabrous but puberulent in the channel. Inflorescences terminal, racemose or cymose, but branched only slightly toward the base if at all, 1.5 - 5.5 cm long, the branches glabrous to puberulent. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate to urceolate, 3 - 3.5 mm long, 2 - 3 mm long, 5 - lobed, the lobes somewhat uneven, triangular, 1 - 1.5 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces but with minute tufts of hairs at the apex of the lobes; corolla tubular, included in the calyx or only shortly exserted, 2 - 3.5 mm long, lacking lobes; stamens 5, the filaments 2.5 - 5.5 mm long, adnate to the corolla for its full length, the upper 0.3 - 2.5 mm free, the free portion winged, the anthers ellipsoid, 1 - 2 mm long; ovary conical, 1 - 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the style 2 - 3 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits unknown. — Fig. 3. Hilsenbergia apetala is a strikingly distinct species, easily recognized by its highly reduced corolla, which lacks lobes and has the staminal filaments adnate to it for its full length. It thus appears as though the staminal filaments are fused into a tube and no corolla is present. I am not aware of any other member of the Ehretioideae with this floral structure. It is also unusual in its nearly racemose inflorescence, which is usually reduced to a simple rachis, or occasionally has a few, highly-reduced lateral branches.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91642FFC9FD21B6805805D43F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia apetala occurs in western Madagascar (Fig. 2) where it grows on calcareous substrates. VERNACULAR NAME. — Hazodomohina.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91642FFC9FD21B6805805D43F.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia apetala is known from the tsingy of Namoroka and Bemaraha, both protected as Réserves Naturelles Intégrales. Populations outside of the two protected areas certainly face immediate threat. Further fieldwork will be necessary to document the size of populations within the protected areas; the reserves at Bemaraha and Namoroka are very poorly collected, so the limited number of available specimens may not prove rarity. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Jongkind 3280, Prov. Mahajanga, Tsingy de Bemaraha, RHI, N of the Manambolo River, 50 m, 19 ° 09 ’ S, 44 ° 49 ’ E, fr., 29 Nov. 1996 (MO!); Perrier de la Bâthie 17867, Prov. Mahajanga, Réserve Naturelle de Namoroka, Ambongo, 16 ° 26 ’ S, 45 ° 22 ’ E, fl., Dec. 1926 (MO!, P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 5617, Prov. Mahajanga, Réserve Naturelle 8, Namoroka, dist. Soalala, Canton Andranomavo, 16 ° 26 ’ S, 45 ° 22 ’ E, fl., 31 July 1953 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 12008 (Tata), Prov. Mahajanga, forêt d’Antsingy, Réserve Naturelle de Bemaraha, Antsolova, 150 - 750 m, 18 ° 35 ’ S, 44 ° 47 ’ E, fl., 23 Oct. 1954 (P!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91640FFCFFF7CB3985A85D4E0.taxon	description	Frutex vel arbor parva usque ad 5 (- 8) m alta, cortice exfoliante, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina elliptica, interdum leviter falcata, (2.4 -) 3 - 5 (- 6) cm longa, 1 - 2 cm lata, apice obtusa usque acuta et interdum breve acuminata, basi acuta, margine integra et interdum minute revoluta, utrinque glabra; petiolo 8 - 11.5 (- 20) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae vel ex flore solitario constans. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, c. 5 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extus glabro, intus dense puberula; corolla alba, urceolata. Fructus drupaceus, luteus usque aurantiacus, depresse globosus, 12 - 16 mm longus, 13 - 21 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Miller & Randrianasolo 6182, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, 95 km W of Fort Dauphin, on Route Nationale 13, at Andalitany, 200 m, 25 ° 08 ’ S, 46 ° 12 ’ E, fr., 29 Mar. 1991 (holo-, MO!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P!, TAN!, WAG!). Shrub or small tree to 5 (- 8) m tall, the bark smooth and exfoliating, the twigs glabrous. Leaves deciduous, alternate; blades elliptic, sometimes somewhat falcate, widest at or near the middle, (2.4 -) 3 - 5 (- 6) cm long, 1 - 2 cm wide, the apex obtuse to acute and sometimes shortly acuminate, the base acute, the margin entire and sometimes minutely revolute, glabrous on both surfaces, venation eucamptodromous, the midrib even with the adaxial surface or slightly impressed, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 4 - 7, faintly visible, the tertiary venation reticulate, faint; petioles 8 - 11.5 (- 20) mm long, canaliculate on the adaxial surface, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal, small cymes of up to 12 flowers or the flowers solitary, the branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, c. 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes deltate, 1.3 - 1.8 mm long, glabrous on the exterior surface, densely puberulent on the interior surface and thus appearing ciliate along the margins of the lobes; corolla urceolate, with reflexed and recurved lobes, c. 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes ovate, c. 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, minutely puberulent on the upper exterior surface; stamens 5, the filaments 4.5 mm long, the upper 1.8 mm free, glabrous, anthers ellipsoid, 1.3 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, the style 3 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous; green to yellow or orange, then maturing blue-black or black, borne in the persistent, 6 - 12 mm broad calyx, globose, 12 - 16 mm long, 13 - 21 mm in diameter, the exocarp leathery, the endocarp bony, separating into 4, single-seeded pyrenes, 7 - 12 mm long, 5 - 7 mm wide, with dense parallel papery wings on the exterior surface. — Fig. 4. Hilsenbergia bosseri has the smallest leaves of any of the large-fruited members of the genus and is the only species from this group found in the dry forests between Tuléar and Ft. Dauphin. It is easily recognized by its glabrous, elliptic leaves that are 3 - 5 cm long. The other species with glabrous leaves are either densely branched shrubs with very small leaves (H. croatii and H. leslieae) or more northern species with leave blades greater than 5 cm long. This species is named in honor of Jean BOSSER who collected extensively in Madagascar, is one of the foremost authorities on its flora, and continues his prolific taxonomic contributions.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91640FFCFFF7CB3985A85D4E0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia bosseri is widespread in southern Madagascar (Fig. 2). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Andy, Borodoka, Vatoa, Vavatoa, Voavaloa.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91640FFCFFF7CB3985A85D4E0.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbertia bosseri is widespread in southern Madagascar, but apparently sporadic within the region, with an Extent of Occurrence of only 220 km 2. Further field studies may prove this species is more common than available collections indicate. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Alluaud s. n., Prov. Toliara, Behara, 24 o 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fr., Sep. 1900 (MO!, P!); Bosser 10480, Prov. Toliara, environs d’Ambovombe, 25 ° 10 ’ S, 46 ° 05 ’ E, fl., Oct. 1956 (MO!, P!); Chauvet 107, Prov. Toliara, route d’Ifaty- Tuléar, fr., Aug. 1961 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Cours 4632, s. loc., fr., s. d. (MO!, P!); Decary 8592, Prov. Toliara, Ambovombe, 25 ° 10 ’ S, 46 ° 05 ’ E, fr., 13 Mar. 1931 (P!); Decary 9331, Prov. Toliara, Ambovombe, 25 ° 10 ’ S, 46 ° 05 ’ E, fr., 21 Oct. 1931 (P!); Dumetz 1339, Prov. Toliara, Préfecture de Fort Dauphin, Andohahela Reserve No. 11, parcelle 2, 120 - 1000 m, 24 ° 53 ’ S, 46 ° 36 ’ E, fr., 20 Oct. 1990 (K!, MO!, P!); Hoffman, Ranaivojaona, Ralimanana & Randriamampionona 161, Prov. Toliara, Parc National d’Andohahela, dirt track to Talakifeno village near Ambatohabo, 200 m, 24 ° 52 ’ 36 ” S, 46 ° 37 ’ 56 ” E, fr., 9 Oct. 2000 (K!); Homolle 1711, s. loc., fr., s. d. (MO!, P!); Humbert 12754, Prov. Toliara, vallée de la Manambolo, bassin du Mandrare, au NW de Maroaomby, Betsioky, forêt sèche et bush xérophile, 300 - 400 m, 24 ° 30 ’ S, 46 ° 35 ’ E, fr., Dec. 1933 (MO!, P!); Humbert 20041, Prov. Toliara, environs de Manombo, forêt d’Isonto à l’ouest d’Ankililoaka, forêt tropophile et bush xérophile sur sables roux, 80 - 150 m, 22 ° 46 ’ S, 43 ° 36 ’ E, fr., 28 Jan. 1947 (P!); Humbert & Capuron 28938, Prov. Toliara, Bevilany à l’ouest de Fort-Dauphin, bush xérophile sur terrains cristallins, 100 - 200 m, 25 ° 01 ’ S, 46 ° 36 ’ E, 11 Feb. 1955 (P!); Humbert & Swingle 5499, Prov. Toliara, bassin de la Linta, plateau calcaire à l’est du delta, 200 - 250 m, 24 ° 45 ’ S, 44 ° 21 ’ E, fr., 29 Aug. 1928 (MO!, P!); Keraudren 977, Prov. Toliara, route d’Ambovombe à Amboasary à 20 km environ d’Ambovombe, 25 ° 05 ’ S, 46 ° 17 ’ E, fr., Apr. 1960 (MO!, P!); Miller et al. 10746, Prov. Toliara, 50 km west of Route Nationale 10 on a dirt track north of the secondary road to Beheloka, WSW of Betioky, 250 m, 23 ° 44 ’ 40 ” S, 44 ° 08 ’ 58 ” E, fr., 30 Jan. 2003 (MO, P, TAN); Peltier 1381, Prov. Toliara, au nord d’Ambatoveve, 23 ° 53 ’ S, 44 ° 03 ’ E, fr., 20 Nov. 1959 (P!); Peltier 2892, Prov. Toliara, Bevoay, près Beraketa, 24 ° 50 ’ S, 46 ° 11 ’ E, fr., 17 Jan. 1961 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 18652, Prov. Toliara, entre le Mandrare et le Manambolo, 24 ° 35 ’ S, 46 ° 30 ’ E, fr., June 1932 (P!); Phillipson & Milijaona 3578, Prov. Toliara, 15 km NW of Ambovombe on Route Nationale 13, 150 m, 25 ° 05 ’ S, 45 ° 57 ’ E, fr., 20 Feb. 1990 (K!, MO!, P!); Poisson 298, Prov. Toliara, Befandry, 23 ° 18 ’ S, 43 ° 42 ’ E, fr., 2 Aug. 1911 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 5046, Prov. Toliara, Réserve Naturelle 11, Andohahela, Canton Behara, Androy, 120 - 1006 m, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fr., 15 Mar. 1953 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 1523 (Begue), Prov. Toliara, forêt de Beara, 50 m, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fr., 16 Sep. 1950 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 3944, Prov. Toliara, Canton d’Ampotaka, 2 km du Manombo, Beloha, 25 ° 05 ’ S, 44 ° 45 ’ E, fr., 11 Aug. 1951 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 5301 (Ngoloka), Prov. Toliara, route Antanimora- Ambovombe P. K 332, 150 m, 24 ° 14 ’ S, 47 ° 15 ’ E, fr., 10 May 1952 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 11717 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, sur les pentes du massif de l’Angavo, à l’est d’Antanimora, 24 o 51 ’ S, 45 o 48 ’ E, fl., fr., Feb. 1955 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 11740 (Capuron 11740), Prov. Toliara, à l’est d’Antanimora, vers la base du massif de l’Angavo, 200 - 530 m, 24 ° 51 ’ S, 45 ° 48 ’ E, fr., 24 - 25 Jan. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 12201 (Andrianaraison), Prov. Toliara, Androangabe, 50 m, 24 ° 29 ’ S, 47 ° 03 ’ E, fl., 6 Nov. 1954 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 12676 (Bototsalaoendry), Prov. Toliara, Tuléar, Ambohimahavelona, 100 m, 23 ° 16 ’ S, 43 ° 54 ’ E, fr., 27 Jan. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 15536 (Andrianaraison), Prov. Toliara, Amkiliroy- Ambovombe, 200 m, 25 ° 10 ’ S, 46 ° 05 ’ E, fr., 26 Jan. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 28301 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, environs Est d’Antanimora, 24 ° 14 ’ S, 47 ° 15 ’ E, fr., 7 Sep. 1968 (P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91646FFD2FD21B3DA5B27D7D3.taxon	description	Arbor usque ad 15 m alta, cortice laevi, ramunculis puberulis vel glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina elliptica usque obovata, 3 - 8 (- 11) cm longa, 1.5 - 4 (- 5) cm lata, apice acuta vel leviter acuminata, infrequenter obtusa, basi acuta usque obtusa, margine integra, minute revoluta, adaxialiter glabra vel sparse puberula, abaxialiter puberula vel glabra; petiolo 0.5 - 2 (- 3) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae. Flores bisexuales vel fortasse unisexuales; calyce campanulato, 3.5 - 4 mm longo, extus dense puberulo, intus dense albo pubescente; corolla urceolata vel tubularis. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-globosus, 6 - 8 mm longus, 8 - 10 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Miller et al. 10737, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, Forêt d’Analalava, c. 14 km N of Route Nationale 7; west of Isalo National Park; east of the Malio River, deciduous forest on sand, 670 m, 22 ° 35 ’ 26 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 16 ” E, fr., 27 Jan. 2003 (holo-, MO!; iso-, P!, TAN!). Tree to 15 m tall, to 25 cm dbh, bark smooth, greenish, whitish in the slash, trunk channeled, the twigs puberulent to glabrous; leaves deciduous, restricted to the current season’s growth, alternate; blades elliptic to obovate, the broadest point at or above the middle, 3 - 8 (- 11) cm long, 1.5 - 4 (- 5) cm wide, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, less commonly obtuse, the base acute to obtuse, the margin entire, minutely revolute, the adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely puberulent, evenly puberulent on the midrib and in a narrow band near the margin, the abaxial surface puberulent to glabrous, evenly puberulent on the midrib and secondary veins, evidently lighter in color than above, the venation brochidodromous, midrib impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 5 - 7 (- 9), the tertiary veins reticulate; petioles 0.5 - 2 (- 3) cm long, evenly to sparsely puberulent, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, to c. 3 cm long and up to 12 - flowered, the branches puberulent. Flowers bisexual or possibly functionally unisexual, borne or pedicel-like branches 1 - 4 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3.5 - 4 mm long, 4 - 4.5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes valvate, triangular, 1 - 1.5 mm long, densely puberulent on the exterior surface, densely white pubescent on the interior surface, the hairs evidently protruding from the calyx and visible with the naked eye; corolla urceolate or tubular with erect to spreading lobes, 4 - 5 mm long, 5 - lobed, the lobes ovate, c. 1 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 3 - 3.5 mm long, the upper 1.5 - 3 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid to lanceoloid, 1 - 1.2 mm long; ovary conical, 1 - 3 mm long, 1.5 - 2 mm wide, the style 2 - 3 mm long, the 2 stigmas discoid or the style lacking an apparent stigmatic surface. Fruits drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne in the persistent, spreading calyx, interior pubescence of the calyx clearly visible, depressed globose, 6 - 8 mm long, 8 - 10 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, the dorsal surface with parallel, papery wings. — Fig. 5. Hilsenbergia capuronii is very easily recognized by its bicolored leaves, which are relatively large among the Malagasy species, and the very distinctive pubescence on the interior surface of its calyx, easily visible in both flower and fruit. It is also unusual in having a densely puberulent midrib that is sunken into the surface of its leaves and also a thin band of pubescence along the upper leaf surface near the margin. Hilsenbergia capuronii may be functionally dioecious. SF 15736 has stamens with full, ellipsoid anthers inserted high in the corolla tube and a style that lacks any apparent stigmatic surface, whereas SF 20594 has a gynoecium of normal appearance, but the stamens are inserted nearly at the base of the corolla and the anthers are somewhat smaller and lanceoloid. However, as this species is known from only three flowering specimens, only two of which have dissectable flowers, additional collections or field observations will be required to confirm this possibility. This species is named in honor of René CAPURON (1921 - 1971) who was one of the most prolific students of Malagasy plants. He collected extensively in Madagascar for more than 20 years and contributed to the knowledge of many plant families. At the time of his death in 1971 he had been working to complete a study of woody Boraginaceae from Madagascar. He had taken extensive notes and had tentatively assigned names to many specimens. I have largely chosen not to accept CAPURON’ s names here as the numerous additional collections now available indicate that many of his provisional species were not correctly delimited. Furthermore, many of the epithets that CAPURON chose were based on geographic names and recent collections demonstrate that the species are more widespread than CAPURON’ s names would suggest. It is, however, most appropriate to pay tribute to one of the greatest students of Malagasy trees by naming this species, which he collected numerous times during his tenure with the Service Forestier, in his honor.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91646FFD2FD21B3DA5B27D7D3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia capuronii occurs on sandy soil in southern Madagascar (Fig. 6). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Malamasafoy, Peha, Tanatananala.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91646FFD2FD21B3DA5B27D7D3.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia capuronii is know from a few scattered localities in southern and western Madagascar. Although its Extent of Occurrence is rather large, its Area of Occupancy is only 70 km 2 and Zombitsy National Park is the only protected area where its occurence has been recorded. In addition, other than a single individual tree that was collected in 2003, the species has not been collected for more than 30 years. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Humbert 29577, Prov. Toliara, forêt de Zombitsy (Sakaraha), aux confins des bassins du Fiherenana et de l’Onilahy, forêt tropophile sur sables siliceux de l’Isalo, 600 - 850 m, 22 ° 46 ’ S, 44 ° 42 ’ E, ster., 26 - 29 Mar. 1955 (P!); Leandri 2213, Prov. Mahajanga, forêt de Tsiampihy et forêts côtières près de Besaraha, de Bemiha, et de Soahanina, 0 - 20 m, 18 ° 35 ’ S, 44 ° 14 ’ E, fr., 20 Dec. 1952 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 574 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Analamarina (Hazoroa) au SE de Sakaraha, 500 - 600 m, 23 ° S, 44 ° 34 ’ E, fl., 28 Dec. 1961 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 4996 (Rasolofoson), Prov. Toliara, Hazoroa, Sakaraha, 500 m, 23 ° S, 44 ° 36 ’ E, fr., 21 Feb. 1952 (P); Service Forestier: SF 6851 (Capuron), Prov. Mahajanga, forêt de Tsienimpihy, à l’est du village de Besara, dist. Antsalova, 25 m, 18 ° 35 ’ S, 44 ° 15 ’ E, fr., 22 Dec. 1952 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 15348 (Poupon), Prov. Toliara, Ihera, Mahaboboka, 22 ° 15 ’ S, 44 ° 16 ’ E, fl., 2 Dec. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 15736, Prov. Mahajanga, forêt de Ambararatakely, Mafaijijo, Maintirano, 25 m, 17 o 51 ’ S, 45 o 21 ’ E, fl., 21 Dec. 1955 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 20594 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Analamarina, Hazoroa, au SE de Sakaraha, 500 - 600 m, 23 ° S, 44 ° 34 ’ E, fl., 28 Dec. 1961 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 28947 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, Sorita, crêtes et barres calcaires, au lieu-dit Ankiranja, à 30 - 35 km de Manja, sur la route de Bevoay, 198 m, 21 ° 28 ’ S, 44 ° 02 ’ E, fl., 3 - 4 Dec. 1969 (P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165BFFD3FD21B3325B1CD494.taxon	description	Arbor usque ad 12 m alta, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina lanceolata usque ovata, 6.5 - 16 cm longa, 3.3 - 6 cm lata, apice acuminata, basi rutundata usque obtusa, margine integra et minute revoluta, utrinque glabra vel adaxialiter puberula secus nervos principales; petiolo 15 - 30 (- 40) mm longo. Inflorescentiae cymosae, usque ad 7 cm latae. Flores non visi. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-globosus, 4 - 5 mm longus, 5 - 8 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Pascal 504, Comores, Mayotte, Hachiroungou, 450 m, fr., 16 Apr. 1996 (holo-, P!; iso-, K!). Tree to 12 m tall, the twigs glabrous; leaves deciduous, alternate, borne only on the current season’s growth, deciduous; blades lanceolate to ovate, the wides point below the middle, 6.5 - 16 cm long, 3.3 - 6 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base rounded to obtuse, the margin entire and minutely revolute, the adaxial surface glabrous or with short hairs along the major veins, the abaxial surface glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 8 - 12, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 15 - 30 (- 40) mm long, glabrous, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, to 7 cm broad, the branches glabrous. Flowers unknown. Fruits drupaceous, borne in the persistent, c. 5 mm wide calyx, orange at maturity, depressed globose, 4 - 5 mm long, 5 - 8 mm broad, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, 4 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the dorsal surface with parallel, papery wings. — Fig. 7. Hilsenbergia comorensis is a distinctive species, perhaps most easily confused with H. petiolaris, from which it differs most conspicuously in having leaves that are widest below the middle, rounded to obtuse at the base, and acuminate at the apex. The leaves of H. petiolaris, in contrast, are to widest at the middle, acute to obtuse at the base, and obtuse to acuminate at the apex.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165BFFD3FD21B3325B1CD494.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia comorensis is known from only two collections, both from the island of Mayotte in the Comores (Fig. 6). VERNACULAR NAME. — Chipapou Lahi.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165BFFD3FD21B3325B1CD494.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Critically Endangered (CR B 1 ab (I-iv) + 2 ab (I-iv )). Hilsenbergia comorensis has been collected only twice on the island of Mayotte. Available habitat is both limited and threatened. PARATYPE. — COMORES: Pascal 890, Mayotte, Convalescence, 400 m, fr., 19 Feb. 1997 (P!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165AFFD6FF7CB024580BD4DE.taxon	description	Frutex vel arbor parva, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna vel dense ad apices ramunculorum brachyblastorumve in fasciculos densos disposita; lamina late-obovata, late-elliptica, vel late-ovata usque latedepresse-ovata, 9 - 21 mm longa, 8 - 20 mm lata, apice rotundata usque emarginata, basi rotundata usque obtusa, margine integra, utrinque glabra; petiolo 4 - 12 (- 15) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae vel ex fasciculis 1 - ad 3 - floris constans. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 3 - 4 mm longo, 5 lobo, extus glabro vel margine ciliato; corolla alba, urceolata usque campanulata, 5 - 6 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, aurantiacus, ovoideus usque late-ovoideus, 4 - 5 mm longus, 3.5 - 5 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Miller & Keating 4514, Prov. Toliara, Tsivonoakely, 20 - 30 km N of Tuléar on the road to Morombe, 5 - 10 m, 23 ° 12 ’ S, 43 ° 37 ’ E, fl., 11 Nov. 1989 (holo-, MO!; iso-, P!, TAN!). Shrub or small tree, rarely to 7 m tall, the twigs glabrous, increasingly fissured and encrusted with waxy coating with age. Leaves deciduous, alternate, but borne densely at the end of shoots or on short lateral spur shoots; blades widely obovate, widely elliptic, or widely ovate to widely depressed obovate, widely depressed elliptic, or widely depressed ovate, 9 - 21 mm long; 8 - 20 mm wide, (length: width ratio 3: 2 - 2: 3), the apex rounded to emarginate, the base rounded to obtuse and sometimes somewhat decurrent along the petiole, the margin entire, both surfaces glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib slightly raised or even with the leaf surface above, raised below, the secondary veins 3 (- 5), the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 4 - 12 (- 15) mm long, usually nearly as long as the leaf blade, glabrous or puberulent on the adaxial surface near the base, flattened or canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, 1 - 3 - flowered fascicles or up to 8 - flowered cymes, the branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual, on pedicel-like inflorescence branches 1 - 5 (- 10) mm long; calyx campanulate, 3 - 4 mm long, 3 - 5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes valvate, ovate to triangular, sometimes uneven, 0.7 - 1.5 mm long, glabrous or minutely ciliate on the margins; corolla white, urceolate to campanulate, 5 - 6 mm long, 4.5 - 5.5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes ovate, erect to reflexed, 1.5 - 2.5 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 2.5 - 3 mm long, the upper 1 - 2 mm free, glabrous, the anthers lanceoloid, 1 - 2 mm long; ovary conical, 1 - 1.5 mm long, 0.8 - 1 mm wide, the style 1.5 - 2 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate, angled to nearly lateral on the style apex. Fruits drupaceous, orange at maturity, borne in the persistent, cup-shaped to spreading calyx, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 4 - 5 mm long, 3.5 - 5 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, these ribbed on the exterior surface. — Fig. 8. Hilsenbergia croatii is similar in appearance and probably closely related to H. leslieae and the two are easily confused. The two species are quite distinct in the field, but they regularly occur sympatrically and herbarium specimens are often difficult to separate. In the field, H. croatii, is a more laxely branched shrub whereas H. leslieae is so densely three-dimensionally branched, that it is difficult to press into herbarium specimens. The two are best distinguished from herbarium material on the basis of their leaves. H. croatii has leaf blades that are about as long as wide, with a rounded to obtuse base, and a petiole about the same length as the blade. In contrast, H. leslieae has leaf blades that are distinctly longer than wide (length: width ratio 3: 1 - 3: 2), with a cuneate base, and a petiole less than half of the length of the blade. Although both species produce few flowers per inflorescence, H. croatii occasionally produces multiply-branched cymose inflorescences with as many as 8 flowers, while inforescences with more than 4 flowers are not known from H. leslieae. Hilsenbergia croatii is named in honor of Thomas B. CROAT, one of the most prolific plant collectors in history, who made many interesting plant collections in Madagascar in 1975, including several gatherings of this species.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165AFFD6FF7CB024580BD4DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia croatii is known only from dry regions of southern Madagascar (Fig. 6) on both sandy and calcareous substrates. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia croatii is known from only two areas in southern Madagascar where its Extent of Occurrence is limited to 90 km 2. The forests in the vicinity of Tuléar are being both cleared and selectively logged to produce charcoal and are under great threat.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165AFFD6FF7CB024580BD4DE.taxon	description	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Bernardi 11385, Prov. Toliara, 23 - 25 km N of Tuléar on the road to Manombo across the Fiherenana, 23 ° S, 43 o 40 ’ E, fr., 11 Nov. 1967 (K!, P!); Chauvet 82, Prov. Toliara, environs de Tuléar, route de Sarodrano, 23 ° 31 ’ S, 43 ° 44 ’ E, 11 Mar. 1961 (P!); Croat 30822, Prov. Toliara, along highway near beach 12 km N of Tuléar, more than 10 m above sea level, 23 ° 10 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fl., 5 Feb. 1975 (MO!, P!); Croat 30903, Prov. Toliara, along road to Morombe 16 - 18 km N of Tuléar, near sea level, 23 ° 13 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fr., 6 Feb. 1975 (MO!, P!); Decary 18715, Prov. Toliara, Manombo, tables, 22 ° 58 ’ S, 43 ° 58 ’ E, fl., 22 Feb. 1943 (MO!, P!); Humbert & Perrier 2555, Prov. Toliara, environs de Tuléar, delta du Fiherenana, 2 - 10 m, 23 ° 18 ’ S, 43 ° 36 ’ E, fl., 14 - 26 Sep. 1924 (MO!, P!); Leandri 3860, Prov. Toliara, environs de Tuléar, route de Manombo, 0 - 200 m, 23 ° 13 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, 15 Nov. 1960 (P!); Peltier 3388, Prov. Toliara, Tsivonoa, 23 ° 08 ’ S, 43 ° 37 ’ E, fr., 11 Sep. 1961 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 19018, Prov. Toliara, dunes de Tuléar, 23 ° 20 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fr., s. d. (P!); Phillipson 3450, Prov. Toliara, 38 km SW of Ampanihy, on road to Androka, 200 m, 24 ° 50 ’ S, 44 ° 25 ’ E, fr., 5 Feb. 1990 (MO!, P!); Rabesandratana 4036, Prov. Toliara, Ifaty, 23 ° 09 ’ S, 43 o 36 ’ E, 13 Dec. 1993 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 9911, Prov. Toliara, Ft. Dauphin, dunes de Mandrare, village le plus proche Tanandava, Canton Amoasary, poste Behara, 24 ° 39 ’ S, 46 ° 26 ’ E, fr., 9 May 1954 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 27934 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, sur la route de Manombo, au nord du Fiherenana, 23 ° 13 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fr., 8 - 12 Nov. 1967 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 28970 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, sables littoraux, au nord de Tuléar, sur la route de Manombo, P. K. 12 - 13, 23 ° 13 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, 6 Dec. 1969 (P!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165FFFD4FF7CB3FA5AACD200.taxon	description	Arbor usque ad 6 (- 15) m alta, cortice exfoliante, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna, lamina lanceolata usque anguste-elliptica vel ovata, 5 - 10 cm longa, 1.5 - 4.8 cm lata, apice acuminata, basi asymmetrice cuneata vel acuta usque obtusa, margine integra plerumque minute revoluata, adaxialiter glabra vel raro puberula secus costam, abaxialiter glabra vel puberula; petiolo 2 - 28 (- 45) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae, usque ad 3 (- 5) cm latae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 4.5 - 5 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extus glabro, intus sericeo; corolla alba, urceolata, 6 - 6.5 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, luteus, globosus, 11 - 13 (- 17) mm longus, 10 - 15 (- 20) mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Seyrig 5404, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, environs d’Ampandrandava, entre Bekily et Tsivory, 1000 - 1100 m, 24 ° 05 ’ S, 45 ° 42 ’ E, fl., s. d. (holo-, P!). Tree to 6 (- 15) m tall, to 30 cm dbh, the bark exfoliating, the twigs glabrous, waxy. Leaves deciduous, alternate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or ovate, widest near or below the middle, 5 - 10 cm long, 1.5 - 4.8 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base assymetrically cuneate or acute to obtuse, the margin entire and usually minutely revolute, the adaxial surface glabrous, or rarely puberulent along the midrib, the abaxial surface glabrous or rarely evenly puberulent, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed or even with the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 5 - 8, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 8 - 28 (- 45) mm long, glabrous or rarely sparsely puberulent, narrowly canaliculate on the abaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, to 3 (- 5) cm broad, the branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 4.5 - 5 mm long, the 5 lobes deltate, 2 - 2.5 mm long, acute at the apex, glabrous on the outer surface, sericeous on the inside of the lobes; corolla white, urceolate, 6 - 6.5 mm long, the tube 4.5 - 5 mm long, the 5 lobes depressed-ovate, c. 1.5 mm long, 3 mm wide; stamens 5, the filaments 4 - 4.5 mm long, only the upper c. 1 mm free, the anthers borne near the mouth of the corolla, obloid, c. 1 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the style c. 2 mm long, not divided, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, yellow at maturity, borne in the 6 - 8 (- 10) mm broad persistent calyx, globose, 11 - 13 (- 17) mm long, 10 - 15 (- 20) mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 7 - 10 (- 15) mm long, 4 - 6 (- 10) mm wide, with parallel papery wings on the outer surface. — Fig. 9. Hilsenbergia darcyana is largely a southern species that occurs at middle elevations, from 500 - 1200 m. In this respect, SF 28596, from 100 - 200 m near Italy in the vicinity of Ft. Dauphin is unusual in occurring at such low elevation. The two most northern collections, Decary 14445, from Mandritsara, and RN 7202, from the Réserve Naturelle de Bemaraha near Soalala, are also somewhat anomalous in their distribution but are included here as they are similar in most morphological features. They do, however, differ in having larger fruits (12 - 17 × 15 - 20 mm), compared with southern populations (11 - 13 × 10 - 15 mm). The collection from Mandritsara is outstanding also in having leaves that are wider in proportion to length and a puberulent undersurface. The southern populations of this species are quite consistent morphologically and easily recognized from H. bosseri, the only large-fruited species in the south, by their larger, acuminate leaves. Hilsenbergia darcyana is named in honor of William G. D’ARCY (1931 - 2000), who spent his botanical career at the Missouri Botanical Garden and was a leading authority on the taxonomy of Solanaceae. He collected in Madagascar in 1983 and 1987 and published the treatment of Solanaceae for the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores with Armand RAKOTOZAFY in 1994.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165FFFD4FF7CB3FA5AACD200.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia darcyana is known from upland sites from southern Madagascar (Fig. 6). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Behodiky, Lamoty Tsokaka.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165FFFD4FF7CB3FA5AACD200.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia darcyana occurs over a wide range in Madagascar, but its populations are restricted to widespread upland sites that are effectively islands, thus limiting its Extent of Occurrence to 60 km 2. It does occur in protected areas in the Zombitsy reserve and possibly Andohahela and Isalo National Parks but it has not been collected for 35 years. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Decary 14448, Prov. Mahajanga, Mandritsara, 400 - 600 m, 15 ° 50 ’ S, 48 ° 50 ’ E, fr., 20 July 1939 (MO!, P!); Humbert 13422, Prov. Toliara, vallée de la Sakamalio, affluent de la Manambolo, bassin de Mandrare, 900 - 1100 m, 24 ° 32 ’ S, 46 ° 41 ’ E, fr., Dec. 1933 (P!); Humbert 13831, Prov. Toliara, bassin de réception de la Mananara, affluent du Mandrare, pentes occidentales des montagnes entre l’Andohahela et l’Elakelaka, Mt. Apiky au-dessus de Mahamavo, 800 - 900 m, 24 ° 55 ’ S, 46 ° 32 ’ E, fr., Jan. - Feb. 1934 (P!); Humbert, Begue & Capuron 29631, Prov. Toliara, forêt de Zombitsy, Sakaraha, aux confins des bassins du Fiherenana et de l’Onilahy, forêt tropophile sur sables siliceux de l’Isalo, 600 - 850 m, 22 ° 46 ’ S, 44 ° 43 ’ E, fr., 26 - 29 Mar. 1955 (MO!, P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 7202 (Ramaroson), Prov. Mahajanga, Antsalova, 18 ° 39 ’ S, 44 ° 37 ’ E, fr., May 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 4611, Prov. Fianarantsoa, route Ihosy-Farafangana, 22 ° 32 ’ S, 46 ° 29 ’ E, fr., 20 Mar. 1952 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 11930 bis (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, forêt de Zombitsy, à l’est de Sakaraha, 22 ° 46 ’ S, 44 o 43 ’ E, fr., Mar. 1955 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 28596 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, colline gneissique au NE d’Italy, à l’ouest de Fort Dauphin, 100 - 200 m, 25 ° 09 ’ S, 45 ° 46 ’ E, fr., 15 Dec. 1968 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Seyrig 295, Prov. Toliara, environs d’Ampandrandava, entre Bekily et Tsivory, 1000 - 1100 m, 24 ° 05 ’ S, 45 ° 42 ’ E, fr., Nov. 1945 (P!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165DFFD5FD21B5815A7BD2EC.taxon	description	Arbor usque ad 10 (- 20) m alta, cortice subtiliter fissurata, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina late-ovata usque orbiculata, 5 - 10.5 cm longa, 3 - 7 (- 8) cm lata, apice obtusa usque rotendata, plumerque abrupte acuminata, basi obtusa usque acuta vel cuneata, margine integra, utrinque glabra; petiolo 1.7 - 4.3 cm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, paniculata, anguste-pyramidalis, 6 - 10.5 cm longae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 4 - 5 mm longo, 4 - 5 - lobo, extus glabro; corolla alba vel pallide chloroleuca, tubulari, 5 lobis reflexis. Fructus drupaceus, globosus, 3 - 4 mm longus, 3 - 5 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Humbert 18924, Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, collines et plateaux calcaires de l’Ankarana, 300 m, 12 ° 54 ’ S, 49 ° 08 ’ E, fl., Dec. 1937 - Jan. 1938 (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P!, TEF!, WAG!). Tree to 10 (- 20) m tall, to 60 cm dbh, the bark finely fissured, the stems glabrous. Leaves deciduous, borne only on the current season’s growth, alternate; blades widely ovate to orbicular, 5 - 10.5 cm long, 3 - 7 (- 8) cm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded and usually abruptly acuminate, the acumen usually somewhat reflexed, the margin entire, both surfaces glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed near the leaf base, the secondary veins (4 -) 5 - 6 (- 8), the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 1.7 - 4.3 cm long, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal, a narrowly pyramidal panicle 6 - 10.5 cm long, 4 - 6.5 cm broad near the base, the peduncle 2.5 - 4 cm long, peduncle and branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, persistent in fruit, 4 - 5 mm long, the lobes valvate, 4 - 5, sometimes tardily separating and appearing only 3 in flower, triangular to widely triangular, 1 - 2 mm long, 1.5 - 2 mm wide, glabrous; corolla white to pale greenish white, tubular with reflexed lobes, 5 - lobed, the lobes widely depressed ovate, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the tube 3.5 - 4 mm long; stamens 5, filaments 3 mm long, the upper 1.5 mm free, glabrous, the anthers lanceoloid, c. 1 mm long, the 2 sacs free and slightly divergent at the base; ovary ovoid, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the style 3 mm long, dichotomously branched at the apex, the 2 stigmas discoid. Fruit drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne in the persistent, spreading calyx, globose, 3 - 4 mm long, 3 - 5 mm in diameter, 4 - lobed and 4 - parted at maturity, the endocarp bony, breaking into 4 single-seeded pyrenes, 3 - 3.5 mm long, 1.5 - 2 mm wide, these with thickened parallel ridges on the external surface. — Fig. 10. Hilsenbergia labatii is the largest species of the genus, sometimes obtaining a height of 20 m. It is a very distinctive species that can be easily recognized by its paniculate inflorescence. It is named in honor of Jean-Noël LABAT who has contributed significantly to knowledge of the flora of Madagascar and the Comores through his collections and publications.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165DFFD5FD21B5815A7BD2EC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia labatii is known from only seven collections, all from calcareous substrates in extreme northern and western Madagascar (Fig. 11). V ERNACULAR NAMES. — Hazomavylahy, Talamosy, Tsarafanahy, Tsarajofy. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). The two regions where Hilsenbergia labatii grows are distant, thus it occurs over a wide range in Madagascar, but its distribution is restricted to calcareous substrates and its Extent of Occurrence is only 60 km 2. It does occur in two protected areas, the Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana and Parc National de Bemaraha.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165DFFD5FD21B5815A7BD2EC.taxon	description	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Humbert 18955, Prov. Antsiranana, collines et plateaux calcaires de l’Ankarana, 100 - 350 m, 12 ° 54 ’ S, 49 ° 08 ’ E, fr., Dec. 1937 - Jan. 1938 (P!); Humbert 19156, Prov. Antsiranana, collines et plateaux calcaires de l’Analamera, 50 - 400 m, 12 ° 48 ’ S, 49 ° 28 ’ E, fr., Jan. 1938 (P!); Jongkind 3589, Prov. Mahajanga, Tsingy de Bemaraha, RNI, N of Manambolo River, 50 m, 19 ° 09 ’ S, 44 ° 49 ’ E, fr., 18 Dec. 1996 (MO!); Labat & Deroin 2282, Prov. Mahajanga, près du fleuve Ambodiria, à l’est d’Ambinda, RN 9, près d’Antsalova, 100 - 200 m, 18 ° 38 ’ S, 44 ° 42 ’ E, fr., 4 Dec. 1992 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 23146 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, plateau de l’Ankarana, massif d’Ampatsoa, rive droite du Rodo, près de son confluent avec l’Andrafiamena, 12 ° 40 ’ S, 49 ° 34 ’ E, fl., 24 Dec. 1963 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 24456 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, massif de l’Ambongoabo, à l’ouest de Diégo-Suarez, 12 ° 15 ’ S, 49 ° 10 ’ E, fr., 26 Jan. 1966 (P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165CFFD8FD21B22D5885D2DE.taxon	description	Frutex vel arbor parva usque ad 5 (- 10) m alta, ramunculis glabris. Folia ad apice ramunculorum brachyblastorumve in fasciculos densos disposita; lamina obovata usque oblanceolata, 10 - 21 (- 30) mm longa, 6 - 12 (- 16) mm lata, apice obtusa usque rotendata vel emarginata, basi cuneata, margine integra, leviter incrassata, utrinque glabra; petiolo 2 - 5 (- 7) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato usque tubulari-campanulato, 4 - 4.5 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extus glabro, intus apiceum versus dense pubescente; corolla alba, urceolata, 5 - 6 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, ovoideus usque late-ovoideus, 4 - 5.5 mm longus, 3 - 4 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, porcati. TYPUS. — Miller & Miller 3787, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, 14 km SE of Tuléar on the road to Sakaraha, 100 m, 23 ° 21 ’ S, 43 ° 42 ’ E, fl., 26 Dec. 1988 (holo-, MO!; iso-, K!, MO!, P!). Shrub or small tree to 5 (- 10) m tall, thickstemmed, densely branched, the twigs glabrous, often glaucous and densely waxy with age. Leaves fasciculate at branch tips or on short lateral spur shoots, deciduous; blades obovate to oblanceolate, 10 - 21 (- 30) mm long, 6 - 12 (- 16) mm wide, (length: width ratio 3: 1 - 3: 2), the apex obtuse to rounded or emarginate, the base cuneate, the margin entire, slightly thickened, both surfaces glabrous, rarely minutely ciliate along the margin near the leaf base, the venation obscurely brochidodromous, the midrib even with the leaf surface, raised slightly below, the secondary veins 3 - 4, often indistinct, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 2 - 5 (- 7) mm long, less than half the length of the blade, or nearly sessile on young leaves, glabrous or rarely minutely puberulent, prominently canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, reduced cymes of 1 - 3 (- 4) flowers, the branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual, on pedicel-like inflorescence branches 2 - 6 mm long; calyx campanulate to tubular-campanulate, 4 - 4.5 mm long, 3 - 4 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes valvate, triangular, 1 - 1.5 mm long, densely pubescent on the apical part of the interior surface, the outer surface glabrous; corolla white, urceolate, 5 - 6 mm long, 3 - 4 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes erect to spreading, ovate, 1 - 2 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 3 - 4 mm long, the upper 1 - 2 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid, 1 - 1.5 mm long; ovary conical, 1.2 - 1.5 mm long, 0.8 - 1 mm wide, the style 1.5 - 2 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate and terminal. Fruits drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne in the persistent cup-shaped to spreading calyx, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 4 - 5.5 mm long, 3 - 4 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, c. 4 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide, ridged on the exterior surface. — Fig 12. Hilsenbergia leslieae is variable in habit, usually being an erect shrub or small tree, sometimes reaching 10 m in height (e. g. Humbert 28919), but occasionally is low and prostrate (e. g. SF 28553, from wind-swept areas near Cap Sainte-Marie). This species appears to be closely related to, and is easily confused with, H. croatii and the differences between them are discussed under that species. Hilsenbergia leslieae is named in honor of my wife, Leslie MILLER, who accompanied me during field studies for this project, including the collection of the type specimen.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165CFFD8FD21B22D5885D2DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia leslieae occurs in southern Madagascar (Fig. 11) on calcareous substrates. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Taikoaky, Tsingena.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9165CFFD8FD21B22D5885D2DE.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia leslieae occurs at scattered localities in southern Madagascar, but it is infrequently collected and its Extent of Occurrence is only 60 km 2. It is known to occur in the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsimanampetsotsa. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Chauvet 190, Prov. Toliara, route Sarodrano, Tuléar, fl., fr., 23 ° 28 ’ S, 43 ° 46 ’ E, 13 Nov. 1961 (P!, TEF!); Humbert 5403, Prov. Toliara, du lac Tsimanampetsotsa, au delta de la Linta, près d’Itampolo, 1 - 10 m, 25 ° 02 ’ S, 44 ° 04 ’ E, fl., 17 - 24 Aug. 1928 (P!); Humbert 28919, Prov. Toliara, environs d’Antanimora, 20 - 25 km au SSE, bush xérophile sur terrains cristallins, 200 - 500 m, 24 ° 49 ’ S, 45 ° 40 ’ E, fl., 6 - 9 Feb. 1955 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 4434, Prov. Toliara, dunes au nord de Tsimanampetsotsa, 24 ° 03 ’ S, 43 ° 43 ’ E, fl., fr., June 1910 (P!); Phillipson 3042, Prov. Toliara, SE of Tuléar on Route Nationale 7, 15 km from town, near La Table, 75 m, 23 ° 25 ’ S, 43 ° 47 ’ E, fl., 28 Dec. 1988 (P!); Phillipson, Labat & Du Puy 3450, Prov. Toliara, 38 km SW of Ampanihy, on road to Androka, calcareous plateau, 200 m, 24 ° 50 ’ S, 44 ° 25 ’ E, fr., 5 Feb. 1990 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 11723 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, sur les pentes du massif de l’Angavo, à l’est d’Antanimora, 200 - 530 m, 24 ° 49 ’ S, 45 ° 40 ’ E, fl., 24 - 25 Jan. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 25252, Prov. Toliara, Tsimandaha, Antanimora, Dist. Ambovombe, 330 m, 24 ° 49 ’ S, 45 ° 40 ’ E, ster., 28 Oct. 1964 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 25255, Prov. Toliara, Tsimandaha, Antanimora, Dist. Ambovombe, 330 m, 24 ° 49 ’ S, 45 ° 40 ’ E, ster., 28 Oct. 1964 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 28553 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, Cap Sainte-Marie et environs Nord du Cap, 25 ° 34 ’ S, 45 ° 09 ’ E, fl., 17 Dec. 1968 (P!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	description	Frutex vel arbor usque ad 10 m alta, cortice exfoliante, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina elliptica, 1.5 - 5.5 cm longa, 0.8 - 3 cm lata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata usque decurrente, margine integra, basim versus involuta, adaxialiter glabra vel sparsim puberula secus costam, abaxialiter puberulenta vel fere glabra; petiolo 1 - 2.5 (- 3) cm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 3.5 - 4 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extra glabro; corolla alba, campanulata, 4.5 - 5.5 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-globosus, 3.5 - 4.5 mm longus, 4 - 5 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, porcati. TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 28492 (Capuron), Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, vestiges de forêt tropophile, dans la vallée de la Menarahaka, à l’est d’Ihosy, 22 ° 19 ’ S, 46 ° 16 ’ E, fl., 19 Dec. 1968 (holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!, TEF!). Shrub or tree to 10 m tall, the bark exfoliating, the twigs glabrous. Leaves deciduous, alternate, borne only on the current season’s growth; blades elliptic, 1.5 - 5.5 cm long, 0.8 - 3 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base cuneate to decurrent, the margin entire, slightly thickened and distinctly involute near the base, the adaxial surface glabrous or with a few scattered hairs along the midrib, the abaxial surface evenly to sparsely puberulent or nearly glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib even with the adaxial surface or slightly impressed near the base, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 4 - 6, noticably parallel, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 1 - 2.5 (- 3) cm long, glabrous, tightly canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, the branches glabrous. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 3.5 - 4 mm long, 3 - 4 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes valvate, triangular, 2 - 2.5 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces but sometimes minutely puberulent on the margins of the lobes; corolla campanulate, 4.5 - 5.5 mm long, 4.5 - 5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes ovate, 1.3 - 1.7 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 3 - 3.5 mm long, the upper 2 - 2.7 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid c. 1 mm long; ovary conical, 1.5 - 2 mm long, 1 - 1.5 mm wide, the style 2 - 2.2 mm long, dichotomously branched at the apex or not, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne in the persistent, cup-shaped to spreading calyx, depressed globose, 3.5 - 4.5 mm long, 4 - 5 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4, single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, 3 - 4 mm long, 2 - 2.5 mm wide, ridged. — Fig. 13. Hilsenbergia lowryana can be recognized by long-petiolate leaves with blades that are elliptic and nearly glabrous. HUMBERT’ s collections note that the fruits of this species are edible and that the wood is used for heating. With the exception of a single sterile specimen I was able to make in 2003, this species has not been collected since 1969. It occurs to the east of Tuléar, in the region that supplies most of the charcoal to the city. There is evidence that this species is being selectively gathered, as it is valued as a fuelwood, and its exploitation has significantly reduced its abundance and narrowed its distribution. It is named in honor of Porter P. LOWRY II, a close friend and professional colleague, who has done so much to promote the study of the Malagasy flora, who has contributed through his own collections and publications, and who accompanied me on several field trips in Madagascar.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia lowryana is known only from southwestern Madagascar (Fig. 11). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Lambora, Lamboro, Lambotaha, Malamasafoy.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia lowryana occurs at scattered localities in southern Madagascar. However, with the exception of a single collection in 2003, it has not been collected for more than 30 years and it has not been recorded from any protected areas, although it is known from near the Parc National de Zombitsy. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Humbert 11556, Prov. Toliara, basse vallée du Fiherenana, forêt et bush sur calcaire, 50 - 200 m, 23 ° 18 ’ S, 43 ° 36 ’ E, fr., Nov. 1933 (P!); Humbert 20200 bis, Prov. Toliara, vallée de l’Onilahy près de Tongobory, à Ranomay, forêt xérophile des coteaux et plateaux calcaires rocailleux, 80 - 200 m, 23 ° 34 ’ S, 44 ° 20 ’ E, stér., 6 - 8 Feb. 1947 (P!); Miller et al. 10742, Prov. Toliara, Km 64 on Route Nationale 7, W of Toliara, deciduous forest; highly disturbed with trees cut, on calcareous rock, 360 m, 23 ° 10 ’ 22 ” S, 44 ° 03 ’ 45 ” E, ster., 29 Jan. 2003 (MO!, P!, TAN!); Service Forestier: SF 5914 (Bototsalaoendry), Prov. Toliara, Andamasiny-Vineta, Km 90, route Tuléar - Tananarive, 23 ° 01 ’ S, 44 ° 15 ’ E, fl., 8 Nov. 1952 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 12599 (Dinard), Prov. Toliara, Tuléar, 23 ° 21 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fr., 20 Oct. 1954 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 15597, Prov. Toliara, Vineta, Behena, Majaboboka, Tuléar, 480 m, 23 ° 01 ’ S, 44 ° 15 ’ E, fl., 20 dec. 1955 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 20753 (Capuron & Chauvet), Prov. Toliara, Andranovory, route de Tuléar - Sakaraha, au PK 47, à 2 km à l’est d’Andronahimaly, 400 m, 23 ° 15 ’ S, 44 ° 01 ’ E, fl., 8 Jan. 1962 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 27853 bis (Capuron), Prov. Fianarantsoa, vestiges de forêt dans le haut bassin de la Menarahara, à l’est d’Ihosy, 22 ° 19 ’ S, 46 ° 16 ’ E, fl., 5 Nov. 1967 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 27944 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, Andranovory, formations de transitions entre le bush et la forêt tropophile, vers le PK 48 de la route Tuléar - Sakaraha, 23 ° 16 ’ S, 44 ° E, fl., 8 - 12 Nov. 1967 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 28937 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, Sorita, crêtes et barres calcaires, au lieu-dit Ankiranja, à 30 - 35 km de Manja, sur la route de Bevoay, 198 m, 21 ° 32 ’ S, 44 ° E, fl., 3 - 4 Dec. 1969 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 4 - R- 82, Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Ankazomalanga, près d’Andranovory, canton Maromiandra, 700 m, 22 ° 46 ’ S, 44 ° 42 ’ E, ster., 30 Nov. 1953 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 112 - R- 226, Prov. Toliara, au nord du village d’Ankilimilopaka dans la savane arborée, canton Bekitro, 24 ° 40 ’ S, 45 ° 27 ’ E, ster., 18 May 1954 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 921 - R- 1, Prov. Toliara, J. B. 10, Beando, 400 m, 23 ° 10 ’ S, 44 ° 04 ’ E, ster., 14 Feb. 1955 (P!). 11. Hilsenbergia lyciacea (Thulin) J. S. Mill., comb. nov.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	description	Inflorescences terminal, small cymes with up to 5 (- 10) flowers, the peduncles 5 - 10 mm long, the branches stiffly pubescent to nearly glabrous. Flowers bisexual or apparently female, on pedicel-like branches 1 - 5 mm long; calyx campanulate, 3 - 4 mm long, 3.5 - 5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes valvate, triangular, 1.5 - 2 mm long, densely pubescent to glabrous on the exterior surface, glabrous to sparsely pubescent on the inside of the lobes; corolla white to pale yellow-green, campanulate, 4 - 6 mm long, 4 - 6 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes erect to spreading, broadly ovate and crisped along the margin, 1 - 1.5 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 1 - 3 mm long, the upper 0.8 - 2.2 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid to lanceoloid 0.6 - 1 mm long; ovary conical, 1 - 2 long, 1 - 1.5 mm wide, the style 1 - 2.5 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne nearly enclosed in the persistent, cupshaped calyx, globose, 4 - 5 mm long, 4 - 5 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 single-seeded pyrenes, 2.5 - 3 mm long, 1.5 - 1.7 mm wide, ridged on the exterior surface. Hilsenbergia lyciacea has previously been reported only from Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The Malagasy populations are quite similar in appearance to those from continental Africa, differing only in sometimes having a greater number of flowers per inflorescence. In addition, the calyx in the Malagasy populations ranges from completely glabrous to densely pubescent while the African populations have calyces that are consistently glabrous. Because of these differences, the full description provided above is based only on the Malagasy populations to demonstrate both similarities and differences from the original description by THULIN (1987), which was based solely on East African plants. This species is somewhat similar to Bourreria teitensis (Gurke) Thulin, which occurs in Kenya, Tanzania, and Somolia, but that species differs in having larger leaves and glandular pubescence on the inflorescence branches. CAPURON described H. lyciacea as dioecious and collected two individuals from the same population (SF 28987, male; SF 28988, female) in excellent flowering condition. The plant that CAPURON labeled male, looks very much like those found in normal bisexual Hilsenbergia flowers, with stigmas and stamens borne at nearly the same height; no fruit are evident setting on the specimen. The plant that CAPURON labeled female has a gynoecium very similar to that from other plant, but has stamens that are noticibly smaller, with the filaments only 1 mm long and attached only at the very base, and anthers that are reduced in size and have not dehisced; this specimen has fruits of several developmental stages present in addition to the flowers. Lacking paired collections, the interpretation of breeding systems from other populations is not so straight forward. Some specimens appear to have bisexual flowers, some exhibit flowers with very reduced stamens, and some collections having flowers with full size stamens (morphologically similar to CAPURON’ s male plant) have developing fruits evident on the herbarium specimens. While it is thus apparent that variability exists in the sexual system of this species, additional field studies will be necessary in order to fully understand the variation present. This species is reported to be used as an indigenous medicine in Madagascar to treat diarrhea and hemoraging (Humbert 20240).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia lyciacea is known from southern Somolia, Ethiopia, and eastern Kenya and also occurs in southwestern Madagascar (Fig. 14). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Adriamanindry, Hazomara, Nato.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category (Malagasy populations): Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia lyciacea is known from scattered localities in southern Madagascar, where it is provisionally endangered, but it also occurs in east Africa (THULIN 1987). It is known to occur in the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsimanampetsotsa and the dry parcel of the Parc National d’Andohahela.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91651FFDDFF7CB5CC5885D2DE.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MADAGASCAR: Decary 3059, Prov. Toliara, Behara, terrain cristallin, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fl., 1 Sep. 1924 (P!); Decary 3076, Prov. Toliara, Behara, terrain cristallin, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fl., 1 Sep. 1924 (P!); Decary 9354, Prov. Toliara, Beteny, 24 ° 27 ’ S, 46 ° 26 ’ E, fl., 22 Nov. 1931 (P!); Humbert 2943 bis, Prov. Toliara, de la vallée de la Sakamena à la vallée de La Sakoa, bassin de l’Onilagy, à l’est de Betioky, vers 300 m, 23 o 45 ’ S, 44 ° 33 ’ E, fr., 16 Mar. 1955 (P!); Humbert 20240, Prov. Toliara, environs du lac Tsimanampetsotsa, 2 - 200 m, 24 ° 08 ’ S, 43 ° 47 ’ E, fl., 14 Feb. 1947 (P!); Methuen s. n., Prov. Toliara, Ampanihy, 24 ° 42 ’ S, 44 ° 45 ’ E, fl., 29 Oct. 1911 (K!); Miller et al. 10743, Prov. Toliara, 20 km NE of Tuléar on Route Nationale 7, La Table, deciduous forest on limestone, 130 m, 23 ° 24 ’ 33 ” S, 43 ° 47 ’ 02 ” E, ster., 29 Jan. 2003 (MO!, P!, TAN!); Miller & Miller 3782, Prov. Toliara, 14 km SE of Tuléar on the road to Sakaraha, 100 m, 23 ° 21 ’ S, 43 ° 42 ’ E, ster., 26 Dec. 1988 (P!); Miller & Schatz 3744, Prov. Toliara, 12 km W of Tuléar on the road to Sakarha, low deciduous forest on the plateau above Tuléar, 150 m, 23 ° 21 ’ S, 43 ° 42 ’ E, fl., 12 Dec. 1988 (MO!); O’Connor 42, Prov. Toliara, Berenty, 25 ° 01 ’ S, 46 ° 17 ’ E, fl., Dec. 1984 (K!); O’Conner 68, Prov. Toliara, Berenty, 25 ° 01 ’ S, 46 ° 17 ’ E, fl., 4 Nov. 1984 (K!); Phillipson 2441, Prov. Toliara, Beza Mahafaly Reserve, near Betioky, Parcelle 2, 180 m, 23 ° 40 ’ S, 44 ° 35 ’ E, fl., 23 Oct. 1987 (K!, MO!, P!); Phillipson 2835, Prov. Toliara, Réserve d’Andohahela, Parcelle 2, NE of Amboasary near Hazofotsy, 100 m, 24 ° 50 ’ S, 46 ° 32 ’ E, fl., 7 Dec. 1988 (K!, MO!, P!); Phillipson 2961, Prov. Toliara, Réserve d’Andohahela, Parcelle 2, near Hazofotsy, 75 m, 24 o 50 ’ S, 46 o 32 ’ E, fr., 22 Dec. 1988 (K!, MO!, P!); Phillipson & Rabesihanaka 3145, Prov. Toliara, Réserve de Tsimanampetsotsa, NW corner of Reserve, 50 m, 24 ° 04 ’ S, 43 ° 46 ’ E, fl., fr., 11 Jan. 1989 (K!, MO!, P!); Rabevohitra 2400, Prov. Toliara, préfecture de Fort-Dauphin, sur la route Ambovombe- Toliara, à 10 - 20 km de Tsihombe, 25 ° 19 ’ S, 45 ° 29 ’ E, fr., 19 Oct. 1990 (MO!); Rakotomalaza 586, Prov. Toliara, Andohahela, RNI, parcelle 2, ENE Ihazofotsy, bord de la route, près du campement 6, 120 m, 24 ° 49 ’ S, 46 ° 37 ’ E, fl., 12 Dec. 1995 (MO!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 9428 (Rakotoson), Prov. Toliara, Andohahela, RNI, Marotoka, Behara, dist. Amboasary, 24 ° 57 ’ S, 46 ° 23 ’ E, fl., 22 June 1957 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 34 - R- 18, Prov. Toliara, 20 km sur la route Ampanihy - Tranoroa, 24 ° 42 ’ S, 45 ° 04 ’ E, ster., 11 Dec. 1953 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 8536 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, aux environs d’Ambatoabo, dist. de Fort Dauphin, 24 ° 51 ’ S, 46 ° 41 ’ E, fl., s. d. (P!); Service Forestier: SF 22263 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, plateau calcaire aux environs de la Table, Tuléar, 23 ° 20 ’ S, 43 ° 40 ’ E, fr., 12 Dec. 1962 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 27999 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, entre Amboasary et Ranomainty, 24 ° 41 ’ S, 46 ° 53 ’ E, fr., 17 Nov. 1967 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 28987 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, calcaires et argiles sur la route d’Ampanihy à Bevoalavo, au sud de l’embranchement de Befotaka, 25 ° 15 ’ S, 44 ° 20 ’ E, fl., 10 Dec. 1969 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 28988 (Capuron), Prov. Toliara, calcaires et argiles sur la route d’Ampanihy à Bevoalavo, au sud de l’embranchement de Befotaka, 25 ° 15 ’ S, 44 ° 20 ’ E, fl., 10 Dec. 1969 (MO!, P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	description	Arbor usque ad 8 m alta, cortice in laminas exfoliante, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina lanceolata usque lanceolata-ovata, interdum leviter falcata, 6 - 14.5 cm longa, 2 - 5.5 cm lata, apice acuminata usque attenuata vel acuta, basi acuta usque obtusa, margine integra, utrinque glabra; petiolo 1.5 - 5 cm longo. Inflorescentia terminale interdum ut videtur subterminalis, cymosa, 3 - 13 cm latae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 3.5 - 5 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extus glabro vel granulari usque minute puberulo, intus dense puberulo usque tomentoso; corolla alba, urceolata, 4 - 6 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, aurantiacus, globosus, 6 - 8 mm longus, 6 - 7 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, matures non visis. TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 24435 (Capuron), Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, forêt d’Orangéa, à l’est de Diégo-Suarez, 12 ° 15 ’ S, 49 o 24 ’ E, fl., fr., 25 Jan. 1966 (holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!). Tree to 8 m tall, 30 cm dbh, the bark exfoliating in plates, the twigs glabrous. Leaves deciduous, alternate; blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, the widest point below the middle, sometimes somewhat falcate, 6 - 14.5 cm long, 2 - 5.5 cm wide, the apex acuminate to attenuate or acute, the base acute to obtuse, the margin entire, glabrous on both surfaces, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib even with or slightly impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 8 - 13, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 1.5 - 5 cm long, glabrous, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal or appearing subterminal and lateral as shoot elongation continues, cymose, 3 - 13 cm broad, the peduncle 1.5 - 3 cm long, the branches glabrous, with small leaf-like bracts subtending the flowers, these 2.5 - 3 mm long, pubescent on the adaxial surface. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 3.5 - 5 mm long, 4 - 5 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes deltate, 1.5 - 2 mm long, glabrous or granular to minutely puberulent on the exterior surface, densely puberulent to tomentose on the interior surface and appearing ciliate on the margin of the lobes; corolla white, urceolate, the tube 4 - 6 mm long, 5 - lobed, the lobes widely to depressed-ovate, 1 - 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; stamens 5, the filaments 4 - 5 mm long, the upper 1 - 1.5 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid, 1.5 - 2 mm long; ovary ovoid, 1.5 - 2 mm long, 1.5 - 2 mm wide, the style 3 - 4 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, orange at maturity, borne in the 8 - 12 mm broad persistent calyx, globose 6 - 8 mm long, 6 - 7 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, mature pyrenes not seen. — Fig. 15. Hilsenbergia moratiana is similar in appearance to H. schatziana, and the two are probably closely related, but it is easily distinguished from that species by the small, leafy bracts that it has in its inflorescence. It is named in honor of Prof. Philippe MORAT who has collected extensively in Madagascar, published prolifically on the taxonomy of the Malagasy flora, and has provided much encouragement and support for this study.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia moratiana occurs on sandy substrates in northern Madagascar (Fig. 14). CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (I-iv )). Hilsenbergia moratiana is known only from three scattered localities in northern Madagascar, none of which are currently protected. Its Extent of Occurrence is limited to 40 km 2. PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Perrier de la Bâthie 1793, Prov. Mahajanga, boix sablonneux, Manongarivo, Ambongo, 16 ° 16 ’ S, 45 ° 22 ’ E, fl., Oct. 1904 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 26 - R 301, Prov. Mahajanaga, Analanitsiny, Ambolobozo, 14 ° 25 ’ S, 47 ° 49 ’ E, ster., 25 Jan. 1955 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 24485 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, sables, près d’Antsoha, à l’ouest de la baie de Rigny, 12 ° 29 ’ S, 49 ° 28 ’ E., fl., 27 Jan. 1966 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 24689 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, partie sud de la forêt d’Orangea, à l’est de Diégo-Suarez, 12 ° 15 ’ S, 49 ° 24 ’ E, fr., 24 June 1966 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 28750 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, forêt d’Orangea, sur sables, à l’est de Diégo-Suarez, 12 ° 15 ’ S, 49 ° 24 ’ E, fl., fr., 1 Feb. 1969 (P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	description	13. Hilsenbergia nemoralis (Gürke) J. S. Mill., comb. nov. Ehretia nemoralis Gürke, in Engler A. & Prantl K., Die Natürlichen Pflanzanfamilien IV. 3 a: 336 (1893). — Bourreria nemoralis (Gürke) Thulin, Nord. J. Bot. 7: 415 (1987). — Lectotype (here designated): Holst 2814, Tanzania, Tanga District, Amboni, (B; iso-, K!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia nemoralis occurs in coastal areas of eastern Africa from Kenya to Mozambique (THULIN 1987; MARTINS 1990; VERDCOURT 1991). 14. Hilsenbergia orbicularis (Hutch. & E. A. Bruce) J. S. Mill., comb. nov.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia orbicularis occurs in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia (THULIN 1987; VERDCOURT 1991). 15. Hilsenbergia petiolaris (Lam.) J. S. Mill., comb. nov.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia petiolaris occurs in coastal areas of eastern Africa from Kenya to Mozambique and also in the Mascarenes (THULIN 1987; MARTINS 1990; VERDCOURT 1991). 16. Hilsenbergia randrianasoloana J. S. Mill., sp. nov.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	description	Arbor parva, cortice fissurato, ramunculis puberulis. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina elliptica usque obovata, 2.5 - 5.5 cm longa, 1 - 3.5 cm lata, apice acuta usque obtusa vel leviter acuminata, basi acuta usque obtusa, margine integra, revoluta, utrinque sparsim strigillosa; petiolo 0.5 - 3.5 cm longo. Inflorescentia floresque non visi. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-globosus, 3 - 4 mm longus, 4 - 5 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, porcati. TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 15554, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, Morondava, forêt d’Antanambao, 20 ° 17 ’ S, 44 ° 17 ’ E, fr., 8 Feb. 1956 (holo-, P!; iso-, K!, MO!, P!, TEF!). Small tree, the bark fissured, the twigs puberulent. Leaves deciduous, borne on the current season’s growth, alternate; blade elliptic to obovate, the broadest point at or above the middle, 2.5 - 5.5 cm long, 1 - 3.5 cm wide, the apex acute to obtuse or slightly acuminate, the base acute to obtuse, the margin entire, tightly revolute, the adaxial surface sparsely, but evenly, strigillose, the hairs appresssed and parallel, the abaxial surface sparsely, but evenly, strigillose, the hairs not all parallel, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib slightly impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 3 - 5, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 0.5 - 3.5 cm, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface, strigillose. Flowers unknown. Fruits drupaceous, color at maturity unknown, borne in the persistent spreading calyx, the calyx lobes not fully separating so the fruiting calyx 3 - 5 - lobed, globose, 3 - 4 mm long, 4 - 5 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4, single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, c. 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, prominantly ridged on the exterior surface. — Fig. 16. Hilsenbergia randrianasoloana is an apparently rare tree of southwestern Madagascar that differs from other members of the genus in having leaves that are strigillose on the lower surface and inflorescences that are reduced to only a single branch, thus appearing racemose or nearly so. Hilsenbergia randrianasoloana is named in honor of my friend and fellow researcher Armand RANDRIA- NASOLO, a specialist who has contributed significantly to our understanding of the taxonomy of Malagasy Anacardiaceae and who has often traveled with me and helped support my interest in the flora of Madagascar in numerous ways.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia randrianasoloana is known from only three collections from southwest Madagascar (Fig. 14) where it occurs on basalt. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Korindy, Vatoa.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91654FFE0FF7CB5E25DC5D3DC.taxon	description	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia randrianasoloana is known from only three scattered localities along the west coast of Madagascar, none of which are protected, and it has not been collected for nearly 50 years. PARATYPES. — Humbert 20059, Prov. Toliara, Manambo Atsimo, environs de Manombo, colline basaltique d’Ambatomainty, 150 m, 22 ° 57 ’ S, 43 ° 27 ’ E, ster., 29 - 30 Jan. 1947 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 24617 (Capuron), Prov. Mahajanga (Menabe), tables basaltiques au SW du Cap Kimby, Antsalova, 18 ° 52 ’ S, 44 ° 14 ’ E, fr., 1 Apr. 1966 (P!, TEF!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91669FFE7FD21B4F85B4FD404.taxon	description	Arbor 10 - 15 m alta, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna; lamina elliptica, (3.5 -) 5 - 9 (- 16) cm longa, 2.4 - 5.5 (- 7.5) cm lata, apice acuta usque acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuta usque obtusa, margine integra, utrinque glabra. Inflorescentiae terminale vel subterminale, cymosae, 3 - 7 cm latae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 5 - 6 mm longo, 5 - lobo, extus glabro, intus tomentoso; corolla alba, campanulata, c. 7 mm longa. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-ovoideus, 9 - 12 mm longus, 9 - 12 mm in diam.; pyrenis 4, alatis. TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 11302 (Capuron), Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, massif de la Montagne d’Ambre, bassin de la rivière des Makis, 600 m, 12 ° 37 ’ S, 49 ° 09 ’ E, fl., 13 Oct. 1954 (holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!, TEF!). Tree 10 - 15 m tall, the twigs glabrous. Leaves deciduous, alternate; blades elliptic, the widest point near or just below the middle, (3.5) 5 - 9 (- 16) cm long, 2.4 - 5.5 (- 7.5) cm wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate or acute to obtuse, the margin entire, both surfaces glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib even with or slightly impressed in the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 4 - 6, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles (1 -) 2 - 4 (- 6) cm long, glabrous, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, cymose, 3 - 7 cm broad, the peduncles 1 - 2.5 cm long, glabrous, bracts lacking. Flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 5 - 6 mm long, 6 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes deltate to triangular, 2.3 - 3 mm long, glabrous on the outer surface, tomentose on the inner surface; corolla white, campanulate, c. 7 mm long, c. 7 mm wide, 5 - lobed, the lobes widely ovate, c. 2 mm long, c. 2 mm wide; stamens 5, the filaments 5 mm long, the upper 2 - 2.5 mm free, glabrous, the anthers ellipsoid, 2 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 2 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, the style 3 mm long the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, borne in the 6 - 9 mm broad persistent calyx, depressed ovoid, 9 - 12 mm long, 9 - 12 mm in diameter, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 8 - 9 mm long, c. 4 mm wide, with papery wings on the exterior face. — Fig. 17. Hilsenbergia schatziana is apparently a substrate specialist restricted to northern Madagascar and is distinct from other members of the genus in its large fruits, glabrous leaves, c. 7 × 7 mm corolla, and in lacking bracts in its inflorescence. It is named in honor of my colleague George SCHATZ, a leading authority on the flora of Madagascar, who’s guide to the woody plant genera, and numerous other publications, have contributed so much to our understanding of the systematics and evolution of Malagasy plants.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91669FFE7FD21B4F85B4FD404.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia schatziana is known from only four collections, all from northern Madagascar (Fig. 14). It may be restricted to basalt. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B 2 ab (i-iv )). Hilsenbergia schatziana is known from only two populations in northern Madagascar, one of which occurs within Montagne d’Ambre National Park, and it has not been collected for nearly 50 years.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F91669FFE7FD21B4F85B4FD404.taxon	description	PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Service Forestier: SF 7210, Prov. Antsiranana, forêt d’Ambre, 12 ° 37 ’ S, 49 ° 09 ’ E, fr., 26 Mar. 1953 (K!, MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 11276 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, massif de la Montagne d’Ambre, 1000 m, 12 ° 37 ’ S, 49 ° 09 ’ E, fl., 8 - 14 Oct. 1954 (K!, MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 27741 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, table basaltique d’Ambanitazana, près d’Andrapengy, au nord d’Antalaha, 14 ° 40 ’ S, 50 ° 12 ’ E, fr., 11 Apr. 1967 (G!, GH!, K!, MO!, P!, TEF!, WAG!).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9166EFFE7FF7CB3BE5D96D0ED.taxon	description	Boraginaceae, in Engler A., Die Pflanzenwelt Ost- Africas und der Nachbargebiete C: 336, Berlin. — Lectotype (here designated): Holst 2409, Tanzania, Nyika (B; iso-, K!). Hilsenbergia teitensis is morphologically similar to both H. lyciacea and H. orbicularis and it dif- fers from both in having a completely undivided style with two stigmas opposite one another on the apex. It differs further from H. lyciacea in having glandular hairs on the leaves and generally more flowers in its inflorescence.	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
7C0F87F9166EFFE7FF7CB3BE5D96D0ED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Hilsenbergia teitensis occurs in northeastern Tanzania, eastern Kenya, and southern Somalia (THULIN 1987; VERDCOURT 1991).	en	Miller, James S. (2003): Classification of Boraginaceae subfam. Ehretioideae: Resurrection of the genus Hilsenbergia Tausch ex Meisn. Adansonia (3) 25 (2): 151-189, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181019
