identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C04C91535111E03FF3EFF79FE56F983.text	7C04C91535111E03FF3EFF79FE56F983.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azumamiris	<div><p>Azumamiris New genus</p><p>(Fig. 1, 2, 3 A–D &amp; H, 4A–F)</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognized by the following combination of characters: relatively large size; densely distributed, woolly, reclining setae on the dorsum; rounded frons; tumid jugum; broad labium that surpasses the metacoxa; anteriorly constricted pronotum with the distinct, shiny callus; narrowed and keeled metathoracic scent gland opening; distinct tibial spines; and unique male and female genitalic structures described below.</p><p>Description. Body elongate, subparallel-sided (Fig. 1, 2), relatively large in size; dorsal surface basically brownish, moderately shining, with densely distributed, woolly, reclining setae. Head oblique, rounded in front; vertex smooth, not carinate or sulcate; jugum swollen, tumid. Labium long, broad, extending beyond apex of metacoxa, reaching abdominal sternum VI or VII; its length and broadness almost equal to those of metatibia (Fig. 1 D). Pronotum shining, shallowly rugose, trapezoidal, distinctly constricted anteriorly, weakly carinate along lateral margin; callus shiny, distinct; scutellum shining, shallowly rugose, rather tumid; metathoracic scent gland opening narrowed and keeled. Hemelytron weakly shagreened. Legs moderate in length; tibial spines prominent. Male genitalia (Fig. 3 A–D, 4A–D): Genital segment (Fig. 4 A) weakly keeled ventromedially, projected at base of left paramere. Parameres (Fig. 3 A, 3B, 4B, 4C) tough, broad, densely setose; left paramere sharply curved, with triangularly projected sensory lobe and hooked hypophysis; right paramere straight, with small, apically sharpened hypophysis. Phallotheca (Fig. 3 C) smooth, lacking apical process. Vesica (Fig. 3 D two views, 4D four views) bilobed, with a long, slender spiculum originating near phallobase, and with a flattened lobal sclerite apically, and a narrow, V-shaped lateral sclerite; membranous areas densely furnished with spinules; secondary gonopore thick-rimmed, heart-shaped. Female genitalia (Fig. 3 H, 4E two views, 4F): Posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with wide, V-shaped dorsal structure, and a pair of small sclerites ventrally (Figs. 3 H, 4F); interramal lobes rather small, semi-circularly projected; lateral lobe weak; sclerotized rings (Fig. 4 E) noticeably widened, thick-rimmed, subcontiguous to each other; sclerotized structures distinct.</p><p>Type species: Azumamiris vernalis Yasunaga, new species .</p><p>Etymology. Azumamiris is named after the region where the type species was collected; Azuma (= antique name of the Kanto region in central Japan), combined with a mirine generic name Miris F., 1794; gender masculine.</p><p>Discussion. On the basis of the similarity in the external appearance and host preference, this new mirine plant bug genus, Azumamiris, is assumed to be closely related to Stenotus Jakovlev, 1877, which is considered to be an Old World element and currently contains more than 50 species. Most members are known to feed on gramineous grasses and/or crops (Kerzhner &amp; Josifov, 1999; Schuh, 1995; Wheeler, 2001; Zheng et al., 2004); the Nearctic and Australian populations of S. binotatus have been attributed to European introductions (Wheeler &amp; Henry, 1992).</p><p>Azumamiris is significantly different from Stenotus in having the roundly tumid head, anteriorly constricted pronotum with the distinct calli, presence of the distinct sclerotized appendages on the male vesica (Fig. 3 D compared with 3G), and details of the female genitalia (Fig. 3 H compared with 3I, and Fig. 4 E, F compared with 4G, H). Male genitalic structures of Stenotus (Fig. 3 E–G) are rather similar to those found in the cosmopolitan Creontiades Distant, 1883, which also includes some gramineous inhabitants (Yasunaga, 1997).</p><p>The second possible sister genus of Azumamiris appears to be Elthemidea Zheng, 1992, which is known only from continental China, and includes two bamboo-inhabiting members. According to the descriptions and illustrations of the genitalia provided by Chinese authors (Zheng, 1992; Zheng et al., 2004), each Elthemidea species has a single spiculum on the vesica. However, the spiculum found in Azumamiris is much more elongate and originates near the phallobase. Such single spiculum is possessed by many mirine genera of different lineage and often homoplasious. In addition, Azumamiris is clearly separated from this Chinese genus by the color and vestiture pattern, and structures of the head, pronotum and female genitalia (e.g., rounded interramal lobes, V-shaped wide dorsal structure, widely expanded sclerotized rings, and well developed sclerotized structures). These distinctive characters warrant the establishment of Azumamiris as a new independent genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C04C91535111E03FF3EFF79FE56F983	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide	Yasunaga, Tomohide (2010): Azumamiris vernalis: a new genus and species of Mirini from central Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae). Zootaxa 2601: 45-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275959
7C04C91535121E07FF3EF929FEC8FB53.text	7C04C91535121E07FF3EF929FEC8FB53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azumamiris vernalis	<div><p>Azumamiris vernalis New species</p><p>(Fig. 1, 2, 3 A–D &amp; H, 4A–F)</p><p>Diagnosis: Recognized by the generally dark coloration, relatively large size, shiny, frontally rounded head with tumid jugum, small eye, orange brown antennal segment I, broad, long rostrum, anteriorly constricted pronotum, a clear, creamy-yellow spot on scutellum, and symmetrically darkened hemelytron (Fig. 1 A–D) General coloration often fades to stramineous or brown in dried specimens (Fig. 2). The final instar nymph is recognizable by the pale grayish-brown body with the brown or reddish-brown spots on the pronotum and abdomen (Fig. 1 E, F), and with the apically spatulate (broadened), semitransparent scale-like setae on the dorsal surface (Fig. 1 F).</p><p>Description. Adult: Body generally somber stramineous-brown, with widely brownish-black dorsal surface (Fig. 1 A–D, 2). Head largely shiny black, bearing dark, semierect setae; vertex with V-shaped yellowish-brown pattern along inner margin of eyes. Antenna mostly dark brown; segment I orange-brown [yellowish-brown], with reddish extreme apex; proximal 1/3–1/2 of Ƥ segment II pale except for dark base; segment III slightly longer than width of head across eyes. Labium orange-brown [yellowish-brown, partly tinged with red]; apical part of segment IV widely infuscate. Pronotum shining, dark brown; medial part of disk and collar reddish-brown [stramineous brown]; mesoscutum and scutellum brownish-black; the latter with a conspicuous, mid-longitudinal, creamy white [whitish brown] spot; thoracic pleura, including scent efferent system, widely creamy-white [stramineous-brown] and shagreened, with variable infuscate patterns laterally (Fig. 1 B, D). Hemelytron dark brown, with a pale brown longitudinal stripe on costal side of corium; weak; cuneus and inner 1/3–1/2 of clavus along claval commissure pale brown; membrane smoky brown, with pale brown veins. All coxae creamy-white [pale brown], with darkened bases; femora and tibiae pale reddish-brown [stramineous-brown]; pro- and mesofemora each with two reddish brown [brown] rings apically; metafemur whitish basally, with three reddish [brown] rings on apical half part; extreme apex of each tibia and whole tarsi dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, ventrally with usually paired, symmetrical whitishbrown [pale brown] streaks or patterns. Male and female genitalia as in generic description.</p><p>Final instar nymph (only females available): Body generally pale greyish-brown, elongate oval, with sparsely distributed, dark, semierect, spine-like setae; dorsum partly reddish or purplish brown, or speckled with brown spots, and with uniformly distributed, semitransparent scale-like setae (apical part of each scalelike seta noticeably widened and spatulate, so that the dorsum at first sight seems to scatter silvery powder as in Fig. 1 F). Head symmetrically speckled with reddish-brown spots or striae, with densely distributed, scalelike setae. Antenna reddish-brown; segments I and II broadened, uniformly setose; segment III yellowishbrown except for darkened apex, slightly longer than IV. Labium dark reddish-brown, broad, slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa. Pronotum speckled with small brown spots particularly along calli; apical parts of wing-pads darkened. Legs purplish- or reddish-brown; base and apical part of each femur with pale rings; tibiae with dark, stiff spines. Abdomen almost entirely speckled with small reddish-brown spots.</p><p>Measurements. Adults (♂/ Ƥ): total body length 6.7–7.2/ 7.0–7.6; head width across eyes 1.17–1.22/ 1.24–1.27; vertex width 0.52–0.55/ 0.60–0.64; lengths of antennal segment I–IV 0.85–0.88, 2.43–2.65, 1.26– 1.37, 0.95–1.07/ 0.81–0.84, 2.45–2.51, 1.34–1.43, 1.03–1.10; labial length 3.04–3.26/ 3.29–3.34; mesal pronotal length including collar 1.05–1.08/ 1.11–1.18; basal pronotal width 1.64–1.69/ 1.78–1.83; width across hemelytron 2.07–2.26/ 2.37–2.51; lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 2.17–2.26, 3.00–3.26, 0.75– 0.80/ 2.33–2.44, 3.31–3.42, 0.81–0.86. Final instar nymph (Ƥ): total body length 4.7–5.3; head width across eyes 1.11–1.18; vertex width 0.54–0.61; lengths of antennal segment I–IV 0.58–0.64, 1.58–1.63, 1.11–1.18, 1.03–1.14; labial length 2.60–2.67; mesal pronotal length 0.65–0.72; basal pronotal width 1.26–1.35; width across wingpads 2.03–2.08; lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 1.62–1.77, 2.23–2.38, 0.60–0.66.</p><p>Etymology. From Latin, vernalis (= spring season), referring to the short-time appearance of this new species in May; an adjective.</p><p>Distribution. Japan (central Honshu: Kanto region).</p><p>Biology. This univoltine mirid is associated with a dwarf bamboo, Pleioblastus chino (Fr. et Sav.) Makino (Gramineae) . The adults are found from early to mid May and the eggs appear to hibernate.</p><p>Holotype: ♂, JAPAN: central Honshu, Ibaraki Pref., Ushiku City, Shimone, 35°59’08”N, 140°18’27”E, on Pleioblastus chino, 10 May 2009, K. Takahashi (AMNH).</p><p>Paratypes. 45♂ 20Ƥ, same data as for the holotype (AMNH, TYCN); 1♂ 3Ƥ, same data, 8 May 2009 (TYCN).</p><p>Additional material examined. 5 final instar nymphs (Ƥ), same data as for the holotype except for date, 8 May 2009.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C04C91535121E07FF3EF929FEC8FB53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide	Yasunaga, Tomohide (2010): Azumamiris vernalis: a new genus and species of Mirini from central Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae). Zootaxa 2601: 45-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275959
