identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B1835746268653289F06357CAA0FBA51.text	B1835746268653289F06357CAA0FBA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conostigmus clayulatus Yang & Wang 2025	<div><p>Conostigmus clayulatus Yang &amp; Wang sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species can be distinguished from other Conostigmus species by the following characters: facial sulcus present and extends from the median ocellus to the intertorular carina; sternaulus present, elongate and reaching 3 / 4 of mesopleuron length; harpe with numerous long and slender apical setae and sparse lateral setae; and S 9 cup-shaped with a straight tip bearing six setal patches at the end.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. ♂, China • Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.701256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.510653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.701256/lat 31.510653)">Cotton Hill</a>, 31°30'38.35"N, 109°42'4.54"E, alt. 2188 m, 22 July 2024, F. Li, W. J. Zhao, Y. C. Li leg. (CQWX-2402-0707-18) . Paratypes. 1 ♂, China • Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.699554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.536785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.699554/lat 31.536785)">Mt. Guanshan</a>, 31°32'12.43"N, 109°41'58.38"E, alt. 2155 m, 21 July 2024, F. Li, W. J. Zhao, Y. C. Li leg. (CQWX-2402-0702-13) . 1 ♀, China • Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.701256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.510653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.701256/lat 31.510653)">Cotton Hill</a>, 31°30'38.35"N, 109°42'4.54"E, alt. 2188 m, 22 July 2024, F. Li, W. J. Zhao, Y. C. Li leg. (CQWX-2402-0707-20) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male: Body length 2.1–2.2 mm (N = 2).</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 4). Cranium, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles brown and palps yellowish brown. Scape, pedicel and F 1 brown, F 2 to F 9 black. Legs and joint brownish yellow. Syntergum black (Fig. 4 G); metasoma gaster black. Pterostigma, costal vein, and radial vein brown (Fig. 4 F). Body pubescence pale yellowish brown; marginal fringes of wings light brown.</p><p>Head (Fig. 4 B, D, E). About the width of mesosoma. (about 0.96 × as wide as mesosoma). HH: EHf = 1.5–1.7. HH: HL = 0.7–1.1. HW: IOS = 1.4. HW: HH = 1.5–1.6. OOL longer than POL and ocellar triangle with narrow base. OOL: LOL = 2.6–2.9. POL: OOL = 0.6. Head oval with pubescence. Preoccipital lunula present. Preoccipital furrow present, ending inside ocellar triangle, but posterior to anterior ocellus. Median process on intertorular carina present, process not extending across intertorular area towards dorsal margin of clypeus. Facial sulcus present and extends from the median ocellus to the intertorular carina. Facial pit absent. Intertorular carina present.</p><p>Antennae (Fig. 4 C). Scape 0.7 × as long as the combined length of pedicel and F 1. Scape length vs. pedicel length: 3.5–3.6. Scape length vs. F 1 length: 1.0. F 1 length vs. pedicel length: 3.5–3.7. F 1 length vs. F 2 length: 1.2–1.3. Flagellum cylindrical. Setae on flagellomeres shorter than the width of flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 4 B, D). Pronotum shorter than the mesoscutum along the midline. AscW / PscW = 1.0. Mesosoma 1.6 × as long as wide (Length / width / height = 863 / 547 / 530 μm), densely pubescent. Mesoscutum 2.1 × as wide as long (Width / length = 547 / 264 μm). Transscutal articulation present. Median mesoscutal sulcus present. Notaulus present, straight and extends the length of the mesoscutum (percurrent), not connected to the median mesoscutal sulcus posteriorly. Scutoscutellar sulcus present and foveolate. Scutoscutellar sulcus adjacent and contiguous to transscutal articulation. Mesoscutellum 1.1 × as long as wide. Axillular carinae absent. Sternaulus present, elongate and reaching 3 / 4 of mesopleuron length. Anterior mesopleural sulcus present. Mesopleural sulcus shape: straight. Mesopleural pit present. Lateral propodeal carina forming an inverted “ Y ” shape.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 4 F). Fore wing total length 1.7 mm, translucent with relatively nearly triangular pterostigma. Pterostigma length vs. width: 2.1–2.3. Radius (408 μm), slightly curved medially, 1.6 × as long as the length of pterostigma. Fore wing with translucent brown irregular stripes and dense orange-brown pubescence; wing marginal hairs longer than those on the inner wing surface; hind wing venation reduced, translucent.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 4 G). Metasoma 1.7 × as long as wide (Length / width / height = 814 / 487 / 390 μm). Metasoma shape: olive-shaped or oval. Syntergum with five distinct gastral carinae, reaching 1 / 5 of syntergum length; syntergal translucent patch transverse. Rest of tergites smooth, but with sparse hairs on both sides.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 5). Harpe length slightly shorter than gonostipes, with numerous long and slender apical setae; harpe orientation: medial; harpe shape: simple and not bilobed, columnar; lateral setae of harpe present, but sparse. Parossiculus not fused. Gonostipes longer than wide, not fused with parossiculus. Penisvalva curved proximally. Gonossiculus and gonossiculus spine present; apical parossiculal setae present. Male S 9 shape: stipitoplanar with a planar apex. The spiculum of S 9 long, reaching 1 / 2 of S 9. S 9 has six setal patches at the end.</p><p>Female (Fig. 6). Same as the males, except for the following characters: body length = 1.7 mm; cranium, mesosoma and metasoma amber; scape, pedicel and F 1 – F 5 aurantium, F 6 to F 9 brown; syntergum and metasoma gaster amber (Fig. 6 G); antennal pedicel long, slightly longer than any individual flagellomere from F 1 to F 8 of the same individual; legs tawny, coxa amber. Wider mesosoma (length / width = 585 / 405 μm).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This new species is similar to C. bipunctatus Kieffer, 1907 in body length, axillular carinae, lateral propodeal carinae, but can be distinguished by the shorter, rod-shaped harpe (inverted U-shape in C. bipunctatus).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Chongqing).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Consistent with the genus name, the species name is a Latin masculine adjective meaning “ clubbed ”, referring to the small club-shaped harpe of the male genitalia in this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1835746268653289F06357CAA0FBA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yuanhan;Li, Fang;Huang, Yixin;Wang, Xu;Zhang, Zhisheng;Chen, Huayan	Yang, Yuanhan, Li, Fang, Huang, Yixin, Wang, Xu, Zhang, Zhisheng, Chen, Huayan (2025): Description of two new species of Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858 (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. ZooKeys 1255: 379-394, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1255.154710
E36703DD3C835CA3A6F8D171491E4E4F.text	E36703DD3C835CA3A6F8D171491E4E4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858	<div><p>Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858</p><p>Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858: 291.</p><p>Dichogmus Thomson, 1858: 287 .</p><p>Eumegaspilus Ashmead, 1888: 48 .</p><p>Eumegalospilus: Schulz, 1906: 152.</p><p>Conostigmoides Dodd, 1914: 88 .</p><p>Ecnomothorax Dessart &amp; Masner, 1965: 276 .</p><p>Dolichoceraphron Hellén, 1966: 15.</p><p>Szelenyides Dessart, 1974: 43 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E36703DD3C835CA3A6F8D171491E4E4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yuanhan;Li, Fang;Huang, Yixin;Wang, Xu;Zhang, Zhisheng;Chen, Huayan	Yang, Yuanhan, Li, Fang, Huang, Yixin, Wang, Xu, Zhang, Zhisheng, Chen, Huayan (2025): Description of two new species of Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858 (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. ZooKeys 1255: 379-394, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1255.154710
1E82016769CD54699D5A78B40E3CF239.text	1E82016769CD54699D5A78B40E3CF239.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conostigmus rotundus Yang & Wang 2025	<div><p>Conostigmus rotundus Yang &amp; Wang sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species can be distinguished from other Conostigmus species by the following characters: facial sulcus absent; sternaulus present, elongate and reaching 4 / 5 of mesopleuron length; scutellum as long as wide; harpe simple, not bilobed, distal margin of harpe straight, and pointed laterally; and S 9 bowl shaped, concave tip.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. ♂, China • Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.71641&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.518236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.71641/lat 31.518236)">Mt. Guanshan</a>, 31°31'5.65"N, 109°42'59.07"E, alt. 1978 m, 22 July 2024, F. Li, W. J. Zhao, Y. C. Li leg. (CQWX-2402-0701-29) . Paratypes. 1 ♂ 1 ♀, China • Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.71641&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.518236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.71641/lat 31.518236)">Mt. Guanshan</a>, 31°31'5.65"N, 109°42'59.07"E, alt. 1978 m, 22 July 2024, F. Li, W. J. Zhao, Y. C. Li leg. (CQWX-2402-0701-28 / 32) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male: Body length 1.4–1.6 mm (N = 2).</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 1). Cranium, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles brown palps yellow. Scape and pedicel brown, F 1 to F 9 black. Coxa of fore, mid and hind legs black to brown; rest of legs brownish yellow. Syntergum black; posterior metasomal segments black (Fig. 1 G). Pterostigma, costal vein, and radial vein light brown (Fig. 1 F). Body pubescence pale yellowish brown; marginal fringes of wings light brown.</p><p>Head (Fig. 1 B, D, E). About the width of mesosoma (about 1.02 × as wide as mesosoma). HH: EHf = 1.7–1.9. HH: HL = 1.6–1.7. HW: IOS = 1.4–1.6. HW: HH = 1.1. OOL longer than POL and ocellar triangle with narrow base. OOL: LOL = 2.9–3.0. POL: OOL = 0.6–0.7. Head oval with pubescence. Preoccipital lunula present. Preoccipital furrow present, ending inside ocellar triangle, but posterior to anterior ocellus. Median process on intertorular carina present, process not extending across intertorular area towards dorsal margin of clypeus. Facial sulcus absent. Facial pit present. Intertorular carina present.</p><p>Antennae (Fig. 1 C). Scape 1.1 × as long as the combined length of pedicel and F 1. Scape length vs. pedicel length: 3.5–3.6. Scape length vs. F 1 length: 1.5. F 1 length vs. pedicel length: 2.5–2.6. F 1 length vs. F 2 length: 1.1. Flagellum cylindrical. Setae on flagellomeres shorter than the width of flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 1 B, D). Pronotum shorter than the mesoscutum along the midline. AscW / PscW = 1.1. Mesosoma 1.3 × as long as wide (Length / width / height = 526 / 396 / 402 μm), densely pubescent. Mesoscutum 2.0 × as wide as long (Width / length = 397 / 195 μm). Transscutal articulation present. Median mesoscutal sulcus present. Notaulus present, foveate and extends the length of the mesoscutum (percurrent), not adjacent to the median mesoscutal sulcus posteriorly. Scutoscutellar sulcus present and foveolate. Scutoscutellar sulcus adjacent and contiguous to transscutal articulation. Axillular carinae present. Scutellum as long as wide. Sternaulus present, elongate and reaching 4 / 5 of mesopleuron length. Anterior mesopleural sulcus present. Mesopleural sulcus shape: straight. Mesopleural pit present. Lateral propodeal carina forming an inverted “ Y ” shape.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 1 F). Fore wing total length 1.2–1.3 mm, translucent with nearly triangular pterostigma. Pterostigma length vs. width: 3.1. Radius (242 μm), slightly curved medially, 1.2 × as long as the length of the pterostigma. Fore wing with translucent orange-brown irregular stripes and dense light brown pubescence; wing marginal hairs longer than those on the inner wing surface; hind wing venation reduced, translucent.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 1 G). Metasoma 1.9 × as long as wide (Length / width / height = 768 / 413 / 322 μm). Metasoma shape: ovoid. Syntergum with five distinct gastral carinae, reaching 1 / 3 of syntergum length; syntergal translucent patch transverse. Rest of tergites smooth, with sparse hairs on both sides.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 2). Harpe slightly longer than gonostipes, with numerous slender apical setae; harpe orientation: medial; harpe shape: simple and not bilobed, distal margin straight dorsally and ventrally, and pointed; lateral setae of harpe present, but sparse. Parossiculus not fused medially. Gonostipes longer than wide, not fused with parossiculus. Penisvalva curved ventrally. Gonossiculus and gonossiculus spine present; apical parossiculal setae present. The middle part of male S 9 slightly concave. The spiculum of S 9 short, reaching 1 / 3 of S 9.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3). Same as the males, except for the following characters: body length = 1.9 mm; antennal pedicel long, slightly longer than any individual flagellomere from F 1 to F 8 of the same individual; legs tawny, coxa blackish-brown; wider mesosoma (Length / width = 554 / 451 μm).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This new species is similar to C. acutus Wang &amp; Cui, 2024 in body length, preoccipital lunula, preoccipital furrow and lateral propodeal carina but can be distinguished by the almost circular scutellum (subcircular, subequal in length and width, more distinct than that in C. acutus); and the harpe straight apically and distal margin pointed in lateral view (harpe outward apically and distal margin beveled in lateral view). And this new species is similar to C. quadripetalus Wang &amp; Chen, 2024 in the preoccipital lunula, preoccipital furrow, syntergum and harpe shape, but can be distinguished by body length (a longer body length than C. quadripetalus); S 9 shape (male S 9 shape of C. quadripetalus convex in distal margin but concave in C. rotundus); and HH: HL (a higher head height than C. quadripetalus).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Chongqing).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Consistent with the genus name, the species name is a Latin masculine adjective meaning “ rounded ”, referring to the nearly round scutellum of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E82016769CD54699D5A78B40E3CF239	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Yuanhan;Li, Fang;Huang, Yixin;Wang, Xu;Zhang, Zhisheng;Chen, Huayan	Yang, Yuanhan, Li, Fang, Huang, Yixin, Wang, Xu, Zhang, Zhisheng, Chen, Huayan (2025): Description of two new species of Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858 (Hymenoptera, Megaspilidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. ZooKeys 1255: 379-394, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1255.154710
