identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7F795138FFB1FFA5FF70FD3FAB17FC69.text	7F795138FFB1FFA5FF70FD3FAB17FC69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia P. Browne	<div><p>EHRETIA P. Browne</p> <p>Civ. Nat. Hist., Jamaica: 168 (1756).</p> <p>TYPE. — Ehretia tinifolia L.</p> <p>Trees or shrubs, often multi-stemmed; glabrous or with an evident indument of simple, 2-3-celled, or multicellular, capitate, glandlular hairs. Leaves alternate, or clustered near the apices of short lateral branches, petiolate, the margin entire or serrate, the venation pinnate, brochididromous or less commonly semicraspedodromous or craspedodromous. Inflorescences terminal, cymose to paniculate. Flowers bisexual; calyx deeply 5-lobed, imbricate or open in bud, the margin ciliate, inner surface glabrous; corolla white, blue, or pink, tubular with 5 spreading to reflexed lobes, these often as long as or longer than the tube; stamens 5, usually exserted, the anthers oblong to ellipsoid; ovary ovoid, 2- or 4-locular, the style 1, terminal, bifid, the stigmas 2, clavate to capitate. Fruits drupaceous, ovoid to nearly spherical, the endocarp separating into 2, 2-seeded pyrenes or into 4, 1-seeded pyrenes, or rarely remaining entire, the pyrenes often reticulate or ridged on the exterior surface, but not winged.</p> <p>A pantropical genus with three species in the Neotropics, about 10 in Africa, and perhaps 20 more in Asia. Seven species are known from Madagascar and the Comores, five of which are newly described.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFB1FFA5FF70FD3FAB17FC69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFB2FFAAFD2DFABBAA9DFB9F.text	7F795138FFB2FFAAFD2DFABBAA9DFB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia cymosa Thonn.	<div><p>2. Ehretia cymosa Thonn.</p> <p>Thonn. in Schumach. &amp; Thonn., Beskr. Fuin. Pl. 129 (1827). — Type: Thonning 89, Ghana, s.loc. (holo-, C; iso-, FT, P-JU!).</p> <p>Shrub or tree to 10 m tall, the bark grey, smooth, the branches spreading and drooping, stems pubescent to glabrous; leaves alternate, deciduous; blades elliptic-ovate to ovate-oblong, the widest point below the middle, 4-14 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base rounded to cordate or obtuse, the margin entire, the adaxial surface glabrous, the abaxial surface usually glabrous except sometimes pubescent along the mid-rib, secondary veins, and vein axils, venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 3-7, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 12-35 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, to 8(-13) cm wide, the branches glabrous to puberulent, the hairs all simple; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 2- 2.5 mm long, the 5 lobes lanceolate, 0.5-1.2 mm long, acute at the apex, puberulent to glabrous and ciliate on the margin; corolla white, tubular with spreading to reflexed lobes, 4-8 mm long, the tube 1.5-3 mm, the 5 lobes oblong, 1.5-4 mm long; stamens 5, prominently exserted, the filaments 4-5.5 mm long, the upper 2.5-3.5 mm free, glabrous, the anthers obloid, 0.8-1.2 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 mm long, the style 3-4.3 mm long, shortly bifid, glabrous, the stigmas capitate. Fruits borne in the persistent calyx, orange, red, or black at maturity, globose to ovoid, 3-5 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the endocarp bony, breaking into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 2.5-3.5 mm long, 2- 2.5 mm wide, ridged on the outer surface.</p> <p>Ehretia cymosa is very distinct and easily recognized from the other Malagasy species by its large leaves, 4-14 cm long, that are widest below the middle. There has been much debate about the recognition of varieties of E. cymosa (see V ERDCOURT 1991), but collections from Madagascar all have calyces 2-2.5 mm long, but have either glabrous or puberulent inflorescence axes indicating that these are probably E. cymosa var. divaricata (Baker) Brenan if the varieties are recognized.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Ehretia cymosa is widespread in tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Ethiopia and south to Mozambique (MARTINS 1990; VERDCOURT 1991). In Madagascar it is primarily a tree of coastal habitats, along rivers, and on northern islands (Fig. 4). The Malagasy populations are most frequently found at low elevations (except for RN 11488 from 800 m at Antam-</p> <p>45E 50E</p> <p>15S</p> <p>20S</p> <p>25S</p> <p>Fig. 3. — Distributions of the endemic species of Ehretia, mapped on the bioclimate zones of Madagascar (after CORNET 1974; see SCHATZ 2000). E. australis (O), E. decaryi (Δ), E. meyersii (·), E. phillipsonii (•), E. seyrigii ().</p> <p>bohobe), whereas in East Africa E. cymosa is primarily an upland plant.</p> <p>VERNACULAR NAMES. — Andiambavy (infusion of leaves used against fever), Havezo, Hazodrahintiky, Malazovoafitetika, Malazovoany, Mavoampotaka, Refeko, Resavatsy, Sarivatoana, Tafitao, Tamatorantsavoka, Tokika, Tsikataoka, Voarafitra. There appears to be little consistency in the use of the majority of these vernacular names and only Malazovoafitetika and Malazovoany are repeated on multiple collections.</p> <p>45E 50E</p> <p>Fig. 4. — Distributions of the non-endemic species of Ehretia, mapped on the bioclimate zones of Madagascar (after CORNET 1974; see SCHATZ 2000). E. cymosa (Δ), E. obtusifolia (O).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern. Ehretia cymosa is a common widespread species that apparently persists in disturbed areas. It is known from relatively large numbers of collections, many recent, and it is widespread and common outside of Madagascar.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MADAGASCAR: Appert 810, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.333332/lat -21.416666)">10 km N of Manja</a>, 21 o 25’S, 44 o 20’E, fr., 16 Nov. 1977 (MO!); Baron 6470, s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Baron 6927, s.loc., fl., s.date (K!); Blackburn 186, s.loc., fr., s.date (K!); Boivin 1801, Prov. Toamasina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.883335/lat -16.883333)">Ile St.</a> Marie, 16 o 53’S, 49 o 53’E, fl., Mar. 1847 (P!); Boivin 2490, Prov. Antsiranana, baie de Rigny, 12 o 26’S, 49 o 32’E, fl., fr., Oct. 1848 (P!); Catat s.n., Prov. Mahajanga, route de Majunga, fl., Oct. 1889 (P!); Chapelier s.n., s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Cours 1988, forêt d’Analamihilana, 850 m, fr., 27 Dec. 1944 (MO!, P!); Cours 2919, Prov. Toamasina, Ambila Lemaitso, 3-5 m, 18 o 49’S, 49 o 08’E, fr., 9 Sep. 1946 (P!); Cowan s.n., Mataniro to Marosika, fl., Oct.-Nov. 1884 (BM!, P!); Decary 1108, Prov. Mahajanga, Maromandia, 14°12’S, 48°05’E, fl., 9 Oct. 1922 (P!); Decary 1169, Prov. Mahajanga, Maromandia, 14°12’S, 48°05’E, fl., 22 Oct. 1922 (P!); Decary 1216, Prov. Mahajanga, Maromandia, 14°12’S, 48°05’E, fl., 22 Oct. 1922 (P!); Decary 8267, Prov. Mahajanga, Maintirano, 18 o 04’S, 44 o 02’E, fl., 31 Aug. 1930 (MO!, P!); Decary 15615, Prov. Mahajanga, Besalampy, 16 o 45’S, 44 o 30’E, fl., fr., 13 Sep. 1940 (MO!, P!); Decary 15652, Prov. Mahajanga, Besalampy, 16 o 45’S, 44 o 30’E, fr., 13 Sep. 1940 (MO!, P!); Decary 15777, Prov. Mahajanga, dist. de Soalala, Réserve No. 8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Namoroka</a>, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 22’E, fl., 16 Sep. 1940 (P!); Decary 15778, Prov. Mahajanga, dist. de Soalala, Réserve No. 8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Namoroka</a>, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 22’E, fl., 16 Sep. 1940 (P!); Derleth 148, Prov. Antsiranana, Analanantsoa, Ambodisakoana, bords de la Manongarivo, 40 m, 14 o 05’S, 48 o 20’E, fr., 28 Aug. 1994 (P!, TAN!); Du Petit Thouars s.n., s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Du Puy, Du Puy, &amp; Raharilala 382, Prov. Mahajanga, Boina region, c. 15 km NW of the village of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.35/lat -16.433332)">Vilanandro</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.35/lat -16.433332)">Réserve Nationale Intégrale of Namoroka</a>, 140 m, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 21’E, fl., 26 Sep. 1989 (MO!, P!); Greve 89, s.loc., fl., s.date (BM!, MO!, P!); 259, s.loc., s.date, fl., fr. (MO!); Hildebrandt 3025, Prov. Antsiranana, Anorotsangana, 13 o 55’S, 47 o 55’E, fl., June 1879 (BM!, MO!, P!); Homolle 186, Prov. Toamasina, lac Alaotra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.8/lat -17.366667)">entre Menasaka et Ambodiriana</a>, bords du Maningory, 17 o 22’S, 48 o 48’E, fl., fr., Dec. 1944 (P!); Homolle 1988, forêt d’Analamihilana, fr., 27 Dec. 1944 (P!); Humbert &amp; Capuron 23960, Prov. Antsiranana, vallée inférieure de l’Androranga, affluent de la Bemarivo, aux environs <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.866665/lat -14.2)">d’Antongondriha</a>, 100-250 m, 14°12’S, 49°52’E, fl., 1-24 Nov. 1951 (MO!, P!); Humbert &amp; Cours 17491, Prov. Toamasina, Mont Ankaraoka au sud-est du lac <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.533333/lat -17.8)">Alaotra</a>, 1200-1400 m, 17 o 48’S, 48 o 32’E, fl., Oct. 1937 (P!); Lantz s.n., Prov. Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.016666/lat -22.15)">Manakara</a>, 22 o 09’S, 48 o 01’E, fl., 1881 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 1107, Prov. Mahajanga, environs de Madirovalo, 16 o 26’S, 46 o 32’E, fl., fr., Oct. 1900 (MO!, P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 10219, Prov. Mahajanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.583332/lat -16.966667)">Marovoay</a>, 16 o 58’S, 44 o 35’E, fl., July 1908 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 10226, Prov. Antsiranana, vallée du Sambirano, 13 o 55’S, 48 o 38’E, fl., May 1909 (MO!, P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 10258, Prov. Antsiranana, Bemarivo près Sambava, 14 o 09’S, 50 o 09’E, fl., fr., Nov. 1912 (MO!, P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 10288, Prov. Mahajanga, Andara, plateau d’Ankarana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.266666/lat -17.216667)">Boina</a>, 17 o 13’S, 46 o 16’E, fl., Sep. 1902 (P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 18722, Prov. Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.6/lat -12.9)">Nosy Mitsio</a>, 12 o 54’S, 48 o 36’E, fl., Oct. 1932 (P!); Perville 319, Prov. Antsiranana, Nosy Mitsio, 12 o 54’S, 48 o 36’E, fl., 9 Nov. 1840 (MO!, P!); Perville 409, Prov. Antsiranana, Nosy Be, 13 o 18’S, 48 o 16’E, fr., 18 Jan. 1841 (MO!, P!); Perville 2085bis, Prov. Antsiranana, Nosy Be, 13°18’S, 48°16’E, fl., 1849 (MO!, P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 74, Prov. Mahajanga, Réserve Naturelle 8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Namoroka</a>, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 22’E, fl., fr., 18 Oct. 1957 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 2043, Prov. Mahajanga, Ankarafantsika, 16 o 10’S, 47 o 05’E, fl., 9 Nov. 1950 (MO!, P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 2181 (Randrianasolo), Prov. Mahajanga, Soalala, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.283333/lat -16.35)">Ampiliranjirika</a>, 16 o 21’S, 45 o 17’E, fl., 24 Nov. 1950 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 3026 (Rakoto), Prov. Antsiranana, Réserve Naturelle 6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.316666/lat -13.4)">Marovaliha</a>, 13 o 24’S, 48 o 19’E, fl., 2 Nov. 1951 (MO!, P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 5641(Saboureau), Prov. Mahajanga, Réserve Naturelle 8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Namoroka</a>, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 22’E, fl., 8 Sep. 1953 (P!, TEF!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 6289, Prov. Antsiranana, Réserve Naturelle 4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.866665/lat -13.95)">Tsaratanana</a>, 13 o 57’S, 48 o 52’E, fl., 18 Aug. 1954 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 6707, Prov. Mahajanga, Soalala, 16 o 06’S, 45 o 20’E, fl., 1 Sep. 1954 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 8128, Prov. Mahajanga, Soalala, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.333332/lat -16.1)">Réserve Naturelle Namoroka</a>, 16 o 06’S, 45 o 20’E, fl., 12 Aug. 1956 (P!, TAN!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 8138, Prov. Mahajanga, Soalala, 16 o 06’S, 45 o 20’E, fl., 8 Sep. 1956 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 8764, Prov. Mahajanga, Soalala, 16 o 06’S, 45 o 20’E, fl., 15 Jan. 1957 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 11488, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Antambohobe, dist. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.783333/lat -22.316668)">Ivohibe</a>, 22 o 19’S, 46 o 47’E, fl., 26 Oct. 1961 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 11293, Prov. Toamasina, Ambatondrazaka, 17 o 50’S, 48 o 25’E, fl., 19 Nov. 1960 (P!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 11957, Antsiranana, Nosy Be, 13 o 24’S, 48 o 19’E, fl., 25 Oct. 1961 (MO!, P!); Richard s.n., s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Richard 431, s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Saboureau 29, Prov. Antsiranana, Beangona-Ambanja, 14 o 03’S, 48 o 42’E, fl., s.date (P!); Service Forestier: SF 789 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, Réserve Naturelle Marojejy, Antongondriha, vallée de l’Androranga, district de Sambava, fl., fr., 9 Nov. 1950 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 2492, Prov. Toamasina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.583332/lat -16.916666)">Soanierana Ivongo</a>, 16 o 55’S, 49 o 35’E, fr., 27 Dec. 1949 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 5837, Prov. Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.483334/lat -13.7)">Benavony-Ambanja</a>, 13 o 42’S, 48 o 29’E, fl., fr., 3 Oct. 1952 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 6499, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.85/lat -22.35)">Prov. Fianarantsoa</a>, Analalava-Ambohitsara-Vohipeno, 22 o 21’S, 47 o 51’E, fr., 22 Nov. 1952 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 7686, Prov. Mahajanga, Maromandia- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.083332/lat -14.2)">Ambanja</a>, 14 o 12’S, 48 o 05’E, fr., 24 Sep. 1953 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 7697, Prov. Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.45/lat -13.683333)">Ambanja</a>, 13 o 41’S, 48 o 27’E, fr., 18 Oct. 1953 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 10777, Prov. Mahajanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.266666/lat -15.016666)">Ambondro-Analalava</a>, 50 m, 15 o 01’S, 47 o 16’E, fl., 30 Sep. 1954 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 11118, Prov. Mahajanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.25/lat -14.816667)">Analalava</a>, 100-411 m, 14 o 49’S, 48 o 15’E, fr., 21 Oct. 1954 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 12396, Prov. Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.816666/lat -22.816668)">Farafangana</a>, 22 o 49’S, 47 o 49’E, fl., 25 Nov. 1954 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 18828 (Capuron), Prov. Mahajanga, forêt d’Ambondro-Ampasy, exploitation Loyseau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.266666/lat -15.016666)">Canton d’Antonibe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.266666/lat -15.016666)">District d’Analalava</a>, 15 o 01’S, 47 o 16’E, fl., fr., 29 Oct.-3 Nov. 1958 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 20058 (Capuron), Prov. Antsiranana, massif de la montagne d’Ambre, rive gauche de la rivière des <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.166668/lat -12.533334)">Makis</a> entre les Roussettes et la Grande Cascade, 12 o 32’S, 49 o 10’E, fl., 22 Nov. 1958 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 26204, Prov. Mahajanga, forêt de Beandro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.616665/lat -18.65)">Antsalova</a>, 18 o 39’S, 44 o 37’E, fl., 23 Sep. 1966 (P!, TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 26213, Prov. Mahajanga, Betaboara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.616665/lat -18.65)">Antsalova</a>, 18 o 39’S, 44 o 37’E, fl., 18 Oct. 1966 (P!); Service Forestier: SF 27106 (Capuron), Prov. Mahajanga, vestige forestier, sur scories basaltiques, au lieu dit <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.75/lat -14.55)">Analankeboka</a>, à l’ouest de Bealanana, 14 o 33’S, 48 o 45’E, fl., 20 Nov. 1966 (MO!, P!, TEF!); Ursch 191, Prov. Antsiranana, ravine au Diégo-Suarez, 12 o 18’S, 49 o 21’E, fl., fr., s.date (MO!, P!). — COMORES: Boivin s.n., Moheli, fl., Mar. 1850 (MO!, P!); Boivin 3229, Mayotte, fl., fr., s.date (MO!, P!); Fauve 1019, Mayotte, fr., 27 Nov. 1989 (P!); Humblot 380, s.loc., fl., 1884 (BM!); Humblot 1380, Mayotte, fl., 4 Nov. 1884 (MO!, P!); Kirk (Ehretia 4), Mohilla Island, fl., Apr. 1861 (K!); Labat, Yahaya &amp; Daroueche 3190, Moheli, Djando, Itsamia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.866665/lat -12.366667)">Chissiwa Madahani</a>, 30 m, 12 o 22’S, 43 o 52’E, fl., 22 Nov. 1999 (MO!, P!); Pascal 97, Mayotte, îlot Bandrele, fl., 2 Oct. 1995 (P!); Pascal 221, Mayotte, Dapani, fl., 21 Nov. 1995 (K!, P!); Pascal 726, Mayotte, Pointe Saziley, 100 m, fl., 17 Oct. 1996 (P!); Pascal 892, Mayotte, Convalescence, 400 m, fr., 19 Feb. 1997 (P!); Pascal &amp; Halle 678, Mayotte, bord de route, vers trevani, 20 m, fl., fr., 21 Sep. 1996 (P!); Pobeguin 85, Mayotte, fl., s.date (MO!, P!); Richard 210, Anjouan, Mohilla, fl., s.date (P!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFB2FFAAFD2DFABBAA9DFB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFBEFFACFD2DFB73AB5BFD70.text	7F795138FFBEFFACFD2DFB73AB5BFD70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia decaryi J. S. Mill. 2002	<div><p>3. Ehretia decaryi J.S. Mill., sp. nov.</p> <p>Frutex vel arbor parva, ramunculis glabris. Folia decidua, alterna vel in fasciculos ramunculis lateralibus brevibus insidentes disposita; lamina obovata usque oblanceolata, 2-4(-5.8) cm longa, 1-2(-2.8) cm lata, apice obtusa usque rotundata, basi cuneata usque attenuata, margine integra, adaxialiter ut videtur glabra (magnificatione sparsim et minutissime puberula), abaxialiter glabra; petiolo 5-10 mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae, usque ad 5 cm latae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 1.8-2 mm longo, 5-lobo, fere glabro vel granulari-puberulo, margine ciliato. Fructus drupaceus, late-ovoideus, c. 4 mm longus; pyrenis 4, reticulatis.</p> <p>TYPUS. — Decary 9500, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, Mahatomotsy, au nord <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.916668/lat -25.083334)">d’Ambovombe</a>, sur les sables, 25 o 05’S, 45 o 55’E, fl., 9 Dec. 1931 (holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!).</p> <p>Shrub or small tree, the twigs glabrous; leaves alternate or clustered on short lateral branches, deciduous; blades obovate to oblanceolate, the widest point above the middle, 2-4(-5.8) cm long, 1-2(-2.8) cm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, the base cuneate to attenuate, the mar- gin entire, the adaxial surface appearing glabrous, sparsely and very minutely puberulent (this visible only with magnification), the abaxial surface glabrous or nearly so, sometimes with a few hairs in the axils of the secondary veins, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib even with or slightly raised from the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 4-5, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 5- 10 mm long, glabrous, narrowly canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, subterminal, or terminal on short lateral branches, cymose, to 5 cm broad, the branches glabrous; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 1.8-2 mm long, the 5 lobes narrowly triangular, 1.3- 1.5 mm long, sharply acute at the apex, nearly glabrous or granular puberulent, ciliate on the margin; corolla white, sometimes tinted pink, 4- 5 mm long, the tube 2-3 mm long, the 5 lobes oblong, 2-4 mm long; stamens 5, prominently exserted, the filaments 4.5-5 mm long, the upper 2.5 mm free, glabrous, the anthers obloid, 1 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 mm long, the style 4-4.5 mm long, shortly bifid, glabrous, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, borne in the persistent calyx, color at maturity unknown, broadly ovoid, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, reticulate on the external surface. — Fig. 5.</p> <p>Ehretia decaryi can be distinguished from E. australis, the only other species that occurs at low elevations in extreme southern Madagascar, by its much larger leaves, at least 2 cm long, and its glabrous inflorescence branches. Ehretia decaryi is named in honor of Raymond DECARY who collected extensively in Madagascar from 1916-1944 and who’s collections add so much to our knowledge of southern vegetation.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Ehretia decaryi is known only from extreme southern Madagascar (Fig. 3), where it apparently grows on sand at low elevations.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B1abiiv+B2abi-iv). With an Extent of occurrence of 1,100 sq. km. and an Area of Occupancy of only</p> <p>500 sq. km. Ehretia decaryi occurs in an area in southern Madagascar where the vegetation is increasingly fragmented. No populations are known from currently protected areas.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Bosser 10116, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.083332/lat -25.166666)">Ambovombe</a>, 25 o 10’S, 46 o 05’E, fl., fr., Oct. 1956 (P!, TAN!); Croat 31696, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.0/lat -25.166666)">Prov.</a> Toliara, along road between Ambondro and Ambovombe, 100- 150 m, 25 o 10’S, 46 o 00’E, fr., 18 Feb. 1975 (MO!, P!); Decary 3168, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.083332/lat -25.166666)">Ambovombe</a>, bord de routes, sable, 25 o 10’S, 46 o 05’E, fl., 19 Oct. 1924 (MO!, P!); Decary 3209; Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.4/lat -25.133333)">Ampasimpolaka</a>, dist. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.4/lat -25.133333)">Ambovombe</a>, terrain calcaire, 25 o 08’S, 46 o 24’E, fl., 7 Oct. 1924 (P!); Decary 3221, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.383335/lat -25.033333)">Amboasary</a>, dist. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.383335/lat -25.033333)">Ambovombe</a>, sable, 25 o 02’S, 46 o 23’E, fl., 9 Oct. 1924 (MO!, P!); Decary 8418, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.833332/lat -25.383333)">Kotoala</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.833332/lat -25.383333)">Ambovombe</a>, sables et calcaires littoraux, 25 o 23’S, 45 o 50’E, fl., 21 Jan. 1931 (MO!, P!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFBEFFACFD2DFB73AB5BFD70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFB8FFADFD2DFCFDACF8FDC0.text	7F795138FFB8FFADFD2DFCFDACF8FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia obtusifolia A. DC.	<div><p>4. Ehretia obtusifolia A. DC.</p> <p>In DC., Prodr. 9: 507 (1845). — Type: Schimper</p> <p>652, Ethiopia, Tigre, Medschara, near Gapdia, (holo-,</p> <p>G; iso-, K).</p> <p>Ehretia fischeri Gurke in Engl., Die Planzenwelt Ost- Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete: 336 (1895). — Syntypes: Fischer 323, Tanzania, Mwanza Dist., Kagehi (B); Stuhlmann 850, Tanzania, Biharamulo / Mwanza Dist., Usinga near French Mision at Usambiro (B).</p> <p>Shrub or small tree to 3 m tall, the twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with both glandular and simple hairs. Leaves alternate, deciduous; blades elliptic, widest at or near the middle, 2.7- 6 × 1.2-3 cm, the apex acuminate to obtuse, the base cuneate to acute, the margin entire, the adaxial surface glabrous to sparsely and minutely strigillose, puberulent along the midrib, the abaxial surface sparsely to moderately puberulent, more so on the major veins, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib raised on both surfaces, the secondary veins 5-7, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 1-7 mm long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, 3- 5.5 cm broad, the branches pubescent, with both glandular and simple hairs; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 2-2.2 × 1 mm long, the 5 lobes elliptic, 1.5-1.8 mm long, the apex acute, puberulent with both glandular and simple hairs and ciliate on the margin; corolla white, tubular with reflexed to spreading lobes, the tube c. 3 mm long, the 5 lobes oblong, 3-4 mm long; stamens 5, prominently exserted, the filaments 4.5-5 mm long, the upper 2.5-3 mm free, glabrous, the anthers obloid, 1.3-1.5 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 mm long, the style 3-4.5 mm long, divided 1/3-1/2 its length, glabrous to sparsely hirsute, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, borne in the persistent calyx, color at maturity unknown, broadly ovoid, c. 3 × 3 mm, the endocarp bony, separting into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 4 × 3 mm, reticulate on the outer surface.</p> <p>All four collections of E. obtusifolia from Madagascar are of immature individuals in early flower so the dimensions of mature leaves probably exceeds those given in the description above. Fruits are not known from the Madagascar collections, so the description of fruits above is based on African material. Also, the inclusion of Leandri 3568, in very early flower with essentially no leaves, in this species must be considered provisional. Ehretia obtusifolia is the only upland species in Madagascar with glandular pubescence on the inflorescence branches.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Ehretia obtusifolia is widely distributed in East Africa, from Somalia, to southern Africa (Angola, Mozambique, and South Africa), through the middle east to Afganistan, Pakistan, and India. In Madagascar, this species is known from only four collections, all from the south central part of the island from Sakaraha to near Ihosy from 600-1200 m in elevation (Fig. 4).</p> <p>VERNACULAR NAME. — Vovonana.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered in Madagascar (EN B1abi-iv+B2abi-iv). With an Extent of occurrence of 200 sq. km. and an Area of Occupancy of only 200 sq. km. Ehretia obtusifolia occurs in an area in southern Madagascar where the vegetation is increasingly fragmented. Two of the four known collections are known from protected areas. This species is widespread from Africa through India and this analysis considers only Malagasy populations.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MADAGASCAR: Bernardi 11231, Prov. Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Ihosy</a>, in monte <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Lalanandro</a>, 1100-1200 m, 22 o 23’S, 46 o 08’E, fl., 5 Nov. 1967 (P!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Leandri</a> 3568, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Prov.</a> Toliara, forêt de Zombitsy, au NE de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Sakaraha</a>, 150 km NE de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.716667/lat -22.766666)">Tuléar</a>, 600-800 m, 22 o 46’S, 44 o 43’E, fl., 1-3, 17-21 Nov. 1960 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 26467, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Réserve Naturelle Andringitra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.783333/lat -22.316668)">Antambohobe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.783333/lat -22.316668)">Lohony</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.783333/lat -22.316668)">Ankazomby</a>, dist. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.783333/lat -22.316668)">Ivohibe</a>, 22 o 19’S, 46 o 47’E, fl., fr., 18 Oct. 1967 (P!; TEF!); Service Forestier: SF 27876 (Capuron), Prov. Fianarantsoa, vestiges de forêt ombrophile sur la crête supérieure du massif de Lalanandro, au N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.133335/lat -22.35)">d’Ihosy</a>, 22 o 21’S, 46 o 08’E, fl., 6 Nov. 1967 (P!, TEF!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFB8FFADFD2DFCFDACF8FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFB9FFAFFD2DFDBBA91DFAFE.text	7F795138FFB9FFAFFD2DFDBBA91DFAFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia meyersii J. S. Mill. 2002	<div><p>5. Ehretia meyersii J.S. Mill., sp. nov.</p> <p>Arbor, ramunculis glabris. Folia alterna, decidua; lamina obovata, 4-8.5 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata, apice obtusa, basi asymmetrice acuta, margine integra, utrinque glabra vel fere glabra; petiolo 8-22 mm longo. Inflorescenctiae cymosae, usque ad 6 cm latae. Flores bisexuales; calyce campanulato, 5-lobo, glabro sed margine ciliato. Fructus drupaceus, depresse-globosus, 3-4 mm longus, pyrenis 4, reticulatis.</p> <p>TYPUS. — Meyers 232, Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, Mantamena, part of Bekaroaka Range, 7 km NE of Daraina (Vohemar), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.7/lat -13.133333)">Faritany</a>, Antsiranana, 112- 330 m, 13 o 08’S, 49 o 42’E, fr., 14 Dec. 1990 (holo-, MO!; iso-, P!, TAN).</p> <p>Tree, the stems glabrous. Leaves alternate, deciduous; blades obovate, the widest point above the middle, 4-8.5 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, the apex obtuse, the base assymetrically acute, the margin entire, the adaxial surface glabrous, the abaxial surface glabrous or with a few hairs in the axils of the secondary veins, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 4-6, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 8-22 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences cymose, to 6 cm broad, the branches glabrous; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, the 5 lobes narrowly triangular, 1.2-1.6 mm long, acute at the apex, glabrous but ciliate on the margin; corollas white?, tubular with spreading to reflexed lobes, c. 4 mm long, the tube c. 3 mm long, the 5 lobes oblong, c. 3 mm long, rounded at the apex; stamens prominently exserted, the filaments c. 4.5 mm long, the upper c. 2 mm free, glabrous, the anthers oboid, c. 1.5 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 mm long, the style c. 3.5 mm long, bifid for c. 1 mm, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, borne with the persistent calyx, color at maturity unknown, depressed globose, 3-4 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 single-seeded pyrenes at maturity, these c. 3 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, reticulate on the dorsal surface. — Fig. 6.</p> <p>Ehretia meyersii is distinctive among the Malagasy species in its rather large leaves (4-8.5 × 2.5-5 cm) that are widest above the middle. It is known from only two dry forest sites in northern Madagascar, while most of the other Malagasy species occur in dry forests in the south. Ehretia meyersii is named in honor of David M. MEYERS, who collected plant specimens in poorly explored forests of northern Madagascar near Daraina, including the type of this species.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Ehretia meyersii is known only from dry, deciduous forests of northeast Madagascar (Fig. 3).</p> <p>VERNACULAR NAME. — Andovokonio.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B1abiiv+B2abi-iv). With an Extent of occurrence of 400 sq. km. and an Area of Occupancy of only 300 sq. km. Ehretia meyersii is known only from dry forests in northern Madagascar, which are quite small and not currently protected.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.533333/lat -12.433333)">Bovin</a> 2490, Prov. Antsiranana, baie de Rigny, 12 o 26’S, 49 o 32’E, fl., fr., Oct. 1848 (P!); Keraudren-Aymomin &amp; Aymonin 25483, Prov. Antsiranana, environs de Diégo-Suarez, forêt littorale au S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.4/lat -12.25)">d’Orangea</a>, 12 o 15’S, 49 o 24’E, fl., fr., 24 Nov. 1970 (P!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFB9FFAFFD2DFDBBA91DFAFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFBBFFB1FF70FA97ABDDFF11.text	7F795138FFBBFFB1FF70FA97ABDDFF11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia phillipsonii J. S. Mill. 2002	<div><p>6. Ehretia phillipsonii J.S. Mill., sp. nov.</p> <p>Frutex vel arbor parva, ramunculis juventute glanduloso-puberulis. Folia decidua, alterna vel in fasciculos compressos ramunculis lateralibus; lamina obovata usque oblanceolata, 1.5-4.5(-6.7) cm longa, 0.8-1.7(-3) cm lata, apice acuta usque acuminata vel rotundata, basi cuneata, margine integra, utrinque glabra vel minute puberula; petiolo 2-7(-17) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae, usque ad 5(-7) cm latae. Flores bisexu- ales; calyce campanulato, 1.8-2.5 mm longo, 5-lobo, glanduloso-puberulo et margine ciliato. Fructus drupaceus, globosus, 3-4 mm longus; pyrenis 4, reticulatis.</p> <p>TYPUS. — Humbert 2437, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, environs de Tuléar, coteaux calcaires, delta du Fiherenana, 2-10 m, 23 o 18’S, 43 o 36’E, fl., 14-26 Sep. 1924 (holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!).</p> <p>Shrub or small tree, the twigs glandular puberulent when young, later glabrous. Leaves alternate or in compressed fascicles on short, lateral branches, deciduous; blades obovate to oblanceolate, the widest point above the middle, 1.5- 4.5(-6.7) cm long, 0.8-1.7(-3) cm wide, the apex acute to acuminate or rounded, the base cuneate, the margin entire, both surfaces glabrous to minutely puberulent, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib raised to impressed on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, the secondary veins 3-4(-6), the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 2-7(-17) mm long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal on main or short, lateral branches, cymose, to 5(-7) cm broad, the branches densely glandular-puberulent; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 1.8-2.5 mm long, the 5 lobes lanceolate, 1.2-2 mm long, acute at the apex, glandular-puberulent and ciliate on the margin; corolla white, tubular with spreading to reflexed lobes, 5-5.5 mm long, the tube 2.5- 3 mm long, the 5 lobes oblong, 2.5-4 mm long; stamens 5, prominently exserted, the filaments 5- 6 mm long, the upper 2.5-4 mm free, glabrous, the anthers obloid, 1-1.5 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1 mm long, the style 4-5 mm long, shortly bifid, glabrous, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits borne in the persistent calyx, drupaceous, orange at maturity, globose, 3-4 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, reticulate on the outer surface. — Fig. 7.</p> <p>Ehretia phillipsonii is the only lowland species of the genus in Madagascar with glandular pubescence on the inflorescence branches. Ehretia obtusifolia, the other glandular species in Madagascar, has elliptic leaves, whereas E. phillipsonii differs in its obovate to oblanceolate leaves that are widest above the middle. Two collections from Tuléar</p> <p>7 mm</p> <p>(Humbert 2347 and Perrier de la Bâthie 12833) have significantly larger leaves (up to 6.7 × 3 cm) than the other collections. This species is named in honor of Peter B. PHILLIPSON, who made one of the collections from Beza Mahafaly, and who’s collections from southern Madagascar have added so much to knowledge of the flora of the region.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Ehretia phillipsonii species is known only from low elevation in the vicinity of Tuléar and to the south at Beza Mahafaly (Fig. 3).</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Endangered (EN B1abiiv+B2abi-iv). With an Extent of occurrence of 3,200 sq. km. and an Area of Occupancy of only 500 sq. km. Ehretia phillipsonii is known from two regions in southern Madagascar. The protected population at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve was discovered only recently and three collections were made there between 1987-1988. There have been no collections since 1959 from the second population, which was known from unprotected dry forests on sand north of Tuléar and along the Fiherenana River. This is an area that has been visited quite regularly by botanists in intervening years. While dry forest vegetation persists in much of this area it is highly disturbed and it may be that this species has been selectively removed for charcoal from these forests.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Bosser 10393, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.733334/lat -23.3)">Prov. Toliaram Miary</a>, 23 o 18’S, 43 o 44’E, fr., Nov. 1956 (P!); Bosser 10602, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.666668/lat -23.35)">Prov.</a> Toliara, environs de Tuléar, 23 o 21’S, 43 o 40’E, fl., Nov. 1956 (P!); Decary 18794, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.966667/lat -22.966667)">Prov.</a> Toliara, vallée du Manombo, 22 o 58’S, 43 o 58’E, fl., 26 Feb. 1943 (MO!, P!); Dequaire 24230, s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Dequaire 27417, Prov. Toliara, le long du canal de Belemboka, 23 o 18’S, 43 o 41’E, fl., s.date (MO!, P!); Geay s.n., Prov. Toliara, s.loc., fl., Mar. 1906 (P!); Grandidier s.n., s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Herb. Institut Scientific, Madagascar 27417, s.loc., fl., s.date (P!); Miller 3439, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.633335/lat -23.633333)">Beza Mahafaly</a>, c. 30 km E of Betioky, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.633335/lat -23.633333)">Sakamena River</a>, 23 o 38’S, 44 o 38’E, fl., 10 Dec. 1988 (MO!, TAN!); Peltier 1287, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.316666/lat -22.966667)">Behompy</a>, rive gauche du Fiherenana, 22 o 58’S, 44 o 19’E, fl., fr., 14 Nov. 1959 (MO!, P!); Perrier de la Bâthie 12833, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.666668/lat -23.35)">Prov.</a> Toliara, endroits humides, environs de Tuléar, 23 o 21’S, 43 o 40’E, fl., Aug. 1919 (MO!, P!); Phillipson 2390, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.616665/lat -23.666666)">Beza Mahafaly Reserve</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.616665/lat -23.666666)">Betioky</a>, parcelle no. 1, 140 m, 23 o 40’S, 44 o 37’E, fl., 18 Oct. 1987 (MO!, P!); Sussman 365, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.65/lat -23.65)">Beza Mahafaly Reserve</a>, 40 km NE of Betioky, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.65/lat -23.65)">Parcel</a> #1, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.65/lat -23.65)">Analafaly</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.65/lat -23.65)">Antevamena</a>, 23 o 39’S, 44 o 39’E, fl., 4 Oct. 1987 (MO!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFBBFFB1FF70FA97ABDDFF11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
7F795138FFA5FFB3FD2DFEC9AB5BFD8B.text	7F795138FFA5FFB3FD2DFEC9AB5BFD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ehretia seyrigii J. S. Mill. 2002	<div><p>7. Ehretia seyrigii J.S. Mill., sp. nov.</p> <p>Frutex vel arbor usque ad 8 m alta, ramunculis glabris vel sparsim puberulis. Folia decidua, alterna vel in fasciculos ramulis lateralibus brevibusinsidentes disposita; lamina elliptica, 1.6-4.5(-7) cm longa, 0.8-2(-4) cm lata, apice acuminata usque acuta, basi cuneata, margine integra, utrinque puberula vel glabra; petiolo 2-5(-15) mm longo. Inflorescentiae terminale, cymosae, usque ad 3 cm latae. Flores bisexuale, calyce campanulato, c. 2 mm longo, inaequaliter puberulo et margine ciliato. Fructus drupaceus, late ovoideus vel globosus, 2.5-3 mm longus; pyrenis 4, reticulatis.</p> <p>TYPUS. — Service Forestier: SF 22192 (Capuron), Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, bassin de la Mananadabo dans le massif de l’Analavelona, au nord du Fiherenana, 1000-1300 m, 22 o 38’S, 44 o 12’E, fr., 13- 15 Dec. 1962 (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P!, TEF!).</p> <p>Shrub or small tree to 8 m tall, the twigs glabrous to sparsely puberulent, often prominently lenticillate; leaves alternate or clustered on short lateral branches, deciduous; blades elliptic, the widest point at or near the middle, 1.6-4.5(-7) cm long, 0.8-2(-4) cm wide, the apex acuminate to acute, the base cuneate, the margin entire, the adaxial surface puberulent, sometimes minutely so, to glabrous or with trichomes only along the midrib, the abaxial surface puberulent or less commonly nearly glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib raised on both surfaces, the secondary veins 4-5, the tertiary venation reticulate; petioles 2-5 (-15) mm long, puberulent to glabrous, canaliculate on the adaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, mostly on short lateral branches, cymose to 3 cm broad, the branches puberulent, the hairs all simple; flowers bisexual; calyx campanulate, 2 mm long, the 5 lobes narrowly triangular, acute to obtuse at the apex, 1.5 mm long, unevenly puberulent and ciliate on the margin; corolla white, sometimes tinged purple, tubular with reflexed to spreading lobes, 2.5-3.5 mm long, the tube 2-3 mm long, the 5 lobes lance-oblong to oblong, 2.5-3 mm long; stamens 5, prominently exserted, the filaments 4.5- 6.5 mm long, the upper 2.5-4 mm free, glabrous, the anthers obloid, 1-1.3 mm long; ovary ovoid, c. 1</p> <p>Revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae)</p> <p>3 mm</p> <p>mm long, the style 2.5-4 mm long, bifid shortly or to half its length, glabrous, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruits drupaceous, borne in the persistent calyx, yel- low to orange at maturity, broadly ovoid to globose, 2.5-3 mm long, 3-4.5 mm wide, the endocarp bony, separating into 4 pyrenes at maturity, these</p> <p>2.5-3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, reticulate on the outer surface. — Fig. 8.</p> <p>Ehretia seyrigii can be recognized from the other species of Ehretia in Madagascar by its elliptic leaves, widest near the middle, and simple, non-glandular pubescence of the inflorescence branches. This species is named in honor of Andre SEYRIG, who made many valuable plant collections, particularly in the region of Ampandrandava, including this species.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — This species is known from upland regions in southern and western Madagascar (Fig. 3).</p> <p>VERNACULAR NAMES. — Betroko, Hazontaha, Manindra.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Vunerable (VU B2abi-iv). Ehretia seyrigii has an Extent of Occurrence of 128,000 sq. km., but this obviously overestimates its occurrence as it is known from only eight subpopulations and has an Area of Occupancy of only 1,000 sq. km. While this species has a large Extent of Occurrence, it is an upland plant and only a small percentage of that area is suitable habitat. It is recorded from two protected areas (Réserves Naturelles Namoroka and Bemaraha), but many of the southern populations are from areas that are highly deforested, and it is highly possible that these populations no longer exist.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR: Bosser 10236, Prov. Toliara, 50 km avant <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.183332)">Beraketa</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.183332)">central Sud</a>, 24 o 11’S, 45 o 42’E, fr., Oct. 1956 (P!); Decary 15794, Prov. Mahajanga, dist. de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Soalala</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.366665/lat -16.433332)">Namoroka</a>, 16 o 26’S, 45 o 22’E, fr., 17 Sep. 1940 (MO!, P!); Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 5416, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.7/lat -24.6)">Prov.</a> Toliara, Ampotamainty-Befandriana-Baibo, 24 o 36’S, 46 o 42’E, fr., 29 Oct. 1942 (P!); Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarivo 6109 (= Seyrig 146?), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Prov.</a> Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Ampandrandava</a>, 24 o 05’S, 45 o 42’E, fl., Oct. 1943 (P!); Humbert 11270, Prov. Toliara, forêt de Besomaty entre le <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.516666/lat -22.466667)">Fiherenana</a> et <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.516666/lat -22.466667)">l’Isahaina</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.516666/lat -22.466667)">Mangoky</a>), sol sablonneux (grès), 750-800 m, 22 o 28’S, 44 o 31’E, fl., Oct. 1933 (P!); Jongkind 3308, Prov. Mahajanga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.816666/lat -19.15)">Bemaraha</a>, RNI, Tsingy de Bemaraha, N of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.816666/lat -19.15)">Manambolo river</a>, 50 m, 19 o 09’S, 44 o 49’E, fr., 1 Dec. 1996 (MO!); Jongkind 3350, Prov. Mahajanga, agricultural area on sandy soil near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.8/lat -19.15)">Bekopaka</a>, 50 m, 19 o 09’S, 44 o 48’E, fl., 2 Dec. 1996 (MO!); Réserves Naturelles: RN 10429, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.466667/lat -24.6)">Tranomaro</a>, 24 o 36’S, 46 o 28’E, fl., 21 Nov. 1959 (MO!, P!); Service Forestier: SF 12085 (Rasolofoson), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Prov.</a> Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Analavelona-Tuléar</a>, forêt <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Analavelona</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Mikoboka</a>, 22 o 40’S, 44 o 10’E, fl., 25 Nov. 1954 (MO1, P!); Service Forestier: SF 15588 (Bototsalaoendry), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Prov.</a> Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.166668/lat -22.666666)">Analavelona-Tuléar</a>, 22 o 40’S, 44 o 10’E, fr., 10 Dec. 1955 (P!); Seyrig 146, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Ampandrandava</a> (entre Bekily et Tsivory), 1000 m, 24 o 05’S, 45 o 42’E, fl., Oct. 1942 (P!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Seyrig</a> 146 B, Prov. Toliara, Ampandrandava (entre Bekily et Tsivory), 24 o 05’S, 45 o 42’E, fl., Nov. 1942 (P!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Seyrig</a> 146 C, Prov. Toliara, Ampandrandava (entre Bekily et Tsivory), 24 o 05’S, 45 o 42’E, fl., Dec. 1943 (P!); Seyrig 796, Prov. Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -24.083334)">Ampandrandava</a> (entre Bekily et Tsivory), 1000 m, 24 o 05’S, 45 o 42’E, fl., Dec. 1943 (MO!, P!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F795138FFA5FFB3FD2DFEC9AB5BFD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miller, James S.	Miller, James S. (2002): A revision of Ehretia (Boraginaceae) for Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 137-157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180490
