identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7F5A8787BF53FF97FF0EFA989E9FF84C.text	7F5A8787BF53FF97FF0EFA989E9FF84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bimeria vestita Wright 1859	<div><p>Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859</p> <p>(Fig. 5A–B)</p> <p>Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859: 109, pl. 8 fig. 4; Hincks, 1868: 103, pl. 15 fig. 2; Hartlaub, 1905: 535, fig. P; Millard, 1975: 95, fig. 32C–H; Calder, 1988: 21, figs 17–18; Hirohito, 1988: 94, figs 33D–F, 34A; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 14; Calder, 1993: 66; Migotto, 1996: 9, fig. 2A–B; Parapar &amp; Ramil, 1996: 21; Genzano &amp; Zamponi, 1999: 63, figs 4–5; Marques et al., 2000: 322, figs 1–3; Genzano, 2002: 89, fig. 10B; Bouillon et al., 2004: 42, fig. 25A–C; Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 479; Vervoort, 2006: 196, fig. 5.</p> <p>Bimeria corynopsis: Stepanjants, 1979: 12, pl. 1 fig. 5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S143 (15 m): one colony with numerous female gonophores; hydranths poorly preserved, epizoic on Sertularella fuegonensis (MHNG INVE 53445); S142 (15–25 m): one sterile colony, epizoic on Sertularella fuegonensis (MHNG INVE 53438).</p> <p>Type locality. Firth of Forth, Scotland.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material is in good agreement with the available descriptions of this species (Calder 1988, Migotto 1996, Schuchert 2007). An extensive synonymy is also available in Calder (1988).</p> <p>World distribution. Worldwide, with exception of Arctic and Antarctic waters (Vervoort, 2006).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previously reported from Calbuco by Hartlaub (1905). The present material was found at only one station, Canal Vicuña, extending its distribution southward to 52° S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF53FF97FF0EFA989E9FF84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF51FF95FF0EFF5F9B4AFB62.text	7F5A8787BF51FF95FF0EFF5F9B4AFB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bougainvillia muscoides (M. Sars 1846)	<div><p>Bougainvillia muscoides (M. Sars, 1846)</p> <p>(fig. 5C, pl. 1A)</p> <p>Perigonimus muscoides M. Sars, 1846: 8, pl.1 figs 19–21; Stechow, 1923: 75.</p> <p>Bougainvillia nordgaardi Browne, 1903: 14, pl. 2 fig. 1, pl. 3 figs 5–6; Kramp, 1961: 79.</p> <p>Bougainvillia muscoides: Rees, 1938: 2, fig. 1; Edwards, 1964: 736, figs 5–6; 1966: 146; Kramp, 1968: 33, fig. 85; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 8; Russell, 1970: 243, fig. 7S; Bouillon, 1995: 226; Buecher et al., 2005: 37.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 02 —22.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S96: a stolonal, fertile colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: one polysiphonic fragment, ca 5 cm high, with medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53321). Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 07, 08, 09, 12, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50– 0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 38775).</p> <p>Type locality. Mangerfjord, Norway.</p> <p>Remarks. For descriptions of both the polyp and medusa stages, see Rees (1938) and Edwards (1964). The present hydroid material is scarce; it is composed of a small, stolonal colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa (Stn. COM02, S96), and a fragment of polysiphonic colony (Stn. CFA, S88). Both have characteristic medusa buds, with four marginal tentacles and large microbasic euryteles scattered on exumbrella. Several mature medusae were caught from the plankton; umbrella up to 3.1 mm in height and 3.3 mm in width, with up to 8 marginal tentacles per bulb; oral tentacles dichotomously branched 4–5 times. Cnidome (newly-liberated medusa):</p> <p>a) large microbasic euryteles scattered on exumbrella, (12.0–13.3) x (6.8–8.0) µm (undischarged);</p> <p>b) small microbasic euryteles on tentacles, (6.8–7.2) x (2.9–3.2) µm (undischarged);</p> <p>c) desmonemes ca 6 x 3.6 µm (undischarged), on tentacles.</p> <p>World distribution. Boreal waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Arabian Gulf and off Mozambique (Buecher et al. 2005).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Both the polyp and medusa stages were collected from fjord Comau. In addition, the polyp was equally found in Canal Fallos. This is the first record of this species for Chile (see also Schuchert 2007).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF51FF95FF0EFF5F9B4AFB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF51FF93FF0EFAA09F25FDEC.text	7F5A8787BF51FF93FF0EFAA09F25FDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes & Goodsir 1851)	<div><p>Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851)</p> <p>(fig. 5D–K, pl. 1B)</p> <p>Hippocrene pyramidata Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851: 312, pl.10 fig. 4.</p> <p>Bougainvillia pyramidata: Mayer, 1910: 168; Russell, 1953: 167, fig. 82A–C; Kramp, 1959: 108, fig. 86; Edwards, 1964: 725, figs 1–4; 1966: 145; Russell, 1970: 236, fig. 6S.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 02 —12.i.2005, 12.5 m, S68: small, sterile colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. COM03, 25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S65: small, sterile colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. COM 07 —25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S57: small, sterile colony, mainly stolonal, but also with a few minute, erect stems, sometimes with only the perisarc left, epizoic on Plumularia setacea, 1 slide (MHNG INVE 53236); S47: sterile colony, with several small, erect stems, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias (MHNG INVE 53219). 09.iii.2005, 10– 25 m, S56: several colonies 4–5 cm high, with only the perisarc left. 14.ii. 2006, 22 m, S163: one fertile colony, about 3 cm high, on sponge (MHNG INVE 53488). Stn. COM 08 —18.i.2006, 18– 22 m, S160: one colony ca 3.8 cm high and smaller fragments, all fertile, liberating medusae (MHNG INVE 53486). Stn. COM 10 —22.i.2006, 15– 20 m, S157: one sterile colony, ca 3.3 cm high (MHNG INVE 53482). Stn. COM 11 —11.ix. 2004, 26 m, S14: small, fertile colonies, up to 2.5 cm, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53166). 27.i.2006, 17– 23 m, S97: several colonies, up to 2 cm high, on unidentified substrate, a polychaete tube, and stems of Obelia dichotoma, with a few gonophores present in some parts of colonies (MHNG INVE 53349). Stn. MEL 02 — 06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: small, sterile colonies, up to 3 mm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S82: several fertile colonies, up to 3.5 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus and polychaete tubes; S90: several small colonies, up to 1 cm high, with a few medusa buds, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. IVM — 28.iii.2005, S46 (8 m): several sterile colonies and fragments, 4–6 cm high, with only the perisarc left, 4 slides (MHNG INVE 53573); S35 (8 m): several sterile colonies, 4–5 cm high, on Primnoella sp., 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53199); S26 (20 m): one colony 5.5 cm high and smaller fragments, all sterile and with only the perisarc left, on gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53184); S32 (25 m): several colonies and fragments, up to 6 cm high, some with a few gonophores (MHNG INVE 53191). Stn. CME — 28.iii. 2005, 12 m, S50: small, sterile colony, 3 mm high, on dead gorgonian, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53574); S62: two small, sterile colonies, about 1 cm high, on wood. Stn. ICC — 28.iii. 2005, 25 m, S38: several sterile colonies, 6–7 cm high, with only the perisarc left, on gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53201); S10: several sterile colonies, up to 7.5 cm, with only the perisarc left, on gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53163). Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S40: several stems ca 4.5 cm high, with only the perisarc left (MHNG INVE 53203); S45: a small, sterile colony, less than 1 cm high, most often with only the perisarc left, on stems of unidentifiable tubulariid (MHNG INVE 53213); S73: several colonies up to 3 cm, and smaller fragments, some parts with medusa buds, on gorgonian, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53262). Stn. B 12 —27.iii. 2005, 25 m, S5: one colony, about 2.5 cm high, and smaller fragments, all with only the perisarc left, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53158). Stn. T 16 —25.iii. 2005, 12 m, S42: one colony, 11 cm high, and smaller fragments, all sterile, on wood (MHNG INVE 53208). Stn. TEM — 26.iii. 2005, 7 m, S34: several colonies up to 11 cm high, and several smaller fragments, all sterile, 4 slides (MHNG INVE 53196). Stn. IMI — 15.iii. 2006, 22 m, S110: a colony, ca 3 cm high, and one fragment 1.3 cm high, both with medusa buds. Stn. COF — 16.iii. 2006, 4 m, S84: one colony, 12 cm high, and smaller fragments, all with a few gonophores (MHNG INVE 53298). Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 20 m, S134: several colonies, up to 1 cm high, with medusa buds; S131 (25 m): several sterile stems 1–2 cm high (MHNG INVE 53404). Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, S147 (10 m): several sterile colonies, up to 6 cm high; S125 (15 m): several sterile colonies, up to 7 cm high; S88 (10–30 m): one sterile colony, 13 cm high (MHNG INVE 53322). Stn. EDE — 11.iii.2006, 5– 20 m, S148: one colony, 13 cm high, and a smaller fragment, both sterile (MHNG INVE 53467). Stn. ILA — 13.iii. 2006, 32 m, S130: a sterile colony, ca 2 cm high, on polychaete tube. Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 20 m, S139: a few small, sterile colonies, up to 1 cm high. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: a few small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp. Stn. CAR — 08.iii.2006, S152 (15–25 m): several sterile colonies, ca 5 cm high; S150 (15–25 m): three sterile colonies, up to 4.5 cm high; S116 (20 m): one colony 9 cm high, with immature medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53371). Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 20 m, S89: one colony, 13 cm high, and smaller fragments, all sterile (MHNG INVE 53328); S149: several large colonies, up to 15 cm high, all sterile. Stn. GDA — 07.iii.2006, S126 (11 m): one colony 4 cm high and smaller fragments, with rare gonophores; S132 (15 m): three sterile colonies 5– 6 cm high, with only the perisarc left. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S143 (15 m): one large colony, 10 cm high, and smaller fragments, all sterile; S105 (15–25 m): small colony, composed of a few hydranths, without gonophores, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa; S86 (15–25 m): a couple of sterile colonies, about 5.5 cm high; S128 (15– 25 m): a small, stolonal colony composed of a few polyps, without gonophores, on crab carapace. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 12.i.2006 and 07, 11, 13, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49037).</p> <p>Type locality. Loch Laigh, Mull, Ireland.</p> <p>Remarks. For a complete description of both the hydroid and medusa stages see Edwards (1964) or Schuchert (2007). Additional data on the medusa are provided by Russell (1953). The present hydroid material consists of colonies of various appearance, ranging from stolonal or small, erect, monosiphonic colonies to large, polysiphonic colonies. The medusae caught from the plankton have a bell height of ca 2–3 mm. Cnidome (polyp):</p> <p>a) microbasic euryteles, undischarged (7.6–8.7) x (3.6–3.8) µm, discharged (5.4–6.1) x (2.0–2.5) µm;</p> <p>b) desmonemes, undischarged (3.5–4.3) x (2.5–2.8) µm.</p> <p>Cnidome (medusa):</p> <p>a) microbasic euryteles, undischarged (7.2–7.8) x (3.5–3.7) µm, discharged (5.9–6.4) x (2.4–2.6) µm;</p> <p>b) desmonemes, undischarged (3.7–4.8) x (2.7–3.2) µm.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905; Egmundella gracilis Stechow, 1921; Lafoeina longitheca Jäderholm, 1904; Phialella cf. quadrata (Forbes, 1848); Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1828); Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919); Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900); Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>World distribution. Atlantic, on the western coast of British Isles (Russell 1953).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Abundant hydroid material was found along the entire study area, from 42°10' S to 52°10' S. Medusae were collected from fjord Comau. This is the first record of the species for Chile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF51FF93FF0EFAA09F25FDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF57FF93FF0EFCEF9B12F911.text	7F5A8787BF57FF93FF0EFCEF9B12F911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cordylophora caspia (Pallas 1771)	<div><p>Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771)</p> <p>(fig. 6A–C)</p> <p>Tubularia caspia Pallas 1771: 479.</p> <p>Cordylophora lacustris: Hincks, 1868: 16, pl. 3 fig. 2; Hargitt, 1908: 99; Stechow, 1919: 11; Fraser, 1944: 34, pl. 1 fig. 2.</p> <p>Cordylophora caspia: Naumov, 1969: 196, fig. 66; Calder, 1971: 30, pl. 1I; Morri, 1981: 45, fig. 13, pl. 1 fig. 3, pl. 2 fig. 3; Schuchert, 1996: 15, fig. 3A–E; 2004: 346, fig. 10; Bouillon et al., 2004: 51, fig. 30E–G.</p> <p>Cordylophora neapolitana: Morri, 1981: 47, fig. 14, pl. 1 fig. 4.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 03 —21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, S165: one fertile colony, about 1 cm high, on mussel shell (MHNG INVE 53490).</p> <p>Type locality. Caspian Sea (no exact locality).</p> <p>Remarks. For recent descriptions of this species, see Schuchert (1996 and 2004). Though absent from fully marine environments, C. caspia can tolerate such conditions for a short period of exposure. The peculiar hydrographic conditions of the south-Chilean fjords, manifested by the presence of brackish water in the superficial layers (see “Biogeographic considerations”) are a favorable element that enable the development of this species. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) microbasic euryteles, undischarged (10.2–11.3) x (4.2–4.9) µm, discharged (8.1–8.4) x (3.5–3.9) µm;</p> <p>b) desmonemes, undischarged (5.3–5.6) x (2.8–3.2) µm.</p> <p>World distribution. Circumglobal in temperate and subtropical regions (Schuchert 2004).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was collected only one time from fjord Comau. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF57FF93FF0EFCEF9B12F911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF55FF91FF0EFF1A9B7CFB6A.text	7F5A8787BF55FF91FF0EFF1A9B7CFB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydractinia borealis (Mayer 1900)	<div><p>Hydractinia borealis (Mayer, 1900)</p> <p>(fig. 6D–F, pl. 1C)</p> <p>Lymnorea borealis Mayer, 1900: 6, pl. 5 figs 16–18; 1910: 154, pl. 15 figs 1–3.</p> <p>Podocoryne borealis: Rees, 1941: 307, fig. 1; Russell, 1953: 125, figs 57B, 59A, C–F, pl. 6 fig. 5; Kramp, 1959: 101, fig. 67; 1961: 67; Russell, 1970: 235; Edwards, 1972: 111, figs 4–6.</p> <p>Hydractinia borealis: Schuchert, 2000: 415; 2001a: 9, fig. 2A–B; Bouillon et al., 2004: 63, fig. 37J–N.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 07, 08.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49038).</p> <p>Type locality. Eastport, Maine, USA.</p> <p>Remarks. Only the medusa stage of this species has been found in the study area. A recent description of its hydroid is provided by Schuchert (2001a), based on material from Iceland. The developmental stages of the medusa were described by Rees (1941). The medusae caught from the plankton are up to 2.1 mm in height and 2.8 mm in width, and have 13–16 marginal tentacles. The fully mature medusae observed by Rees (1941) had the mouth-arms divided once or twice, so that there were 8 or respectively 16 nematocyst knobs. Some of the specimens from Chile seem to have incipient gonads, and their mouth-arms were about to undertake their first division. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) microbasic euryteles on tentacles, undischarged (7.8–8.1) x (2.9–3.2) µm, discharged (6.7–7.0) x (2.1– 2.4) µm;</p> <p>b) desmonemes on tentacles, undischarged (5.6–5.9) x (3.2–3.5) µm, discharged (5.1–5.4) x (2.9–3.2) µm;</p> <p>c) microbasic euryteles in the mouth-arms knobs, undischarged (11.3–12.3) x (3.5–3.8) µm, discharged (9.7–10.2) x (2.9–3.2) µm.</p> <p>World distribution. Both the polyp and medusa stages were recorded from the British Isles, Iceland, North Sea, Atlantic coasts of North America (Schuchert 2001a). Additional records of the medusa are from the Strait of Magellan (Pagès &amp; Orejas 1999).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Medusae examined here were collected from fjord Comau. Additional records are those of Palma et al. (2007) from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and Pulluche-Chacabuco channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF55FF91FF0EFF1A9B7CFB6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF55FF9FFF0EFAC799B2FC8C.text	7F5A8787BF55FF9FFF0EFAC799B2FC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub 1905	<div><p>Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905</p> <p>(fig. 6G–K, pl. 1D–G)</p> <p>Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905: 519, figs B–D; Stepanjants, 1979: 14, pl. 1 fig. 10.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 02 —22.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S98: one sterile colony, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53352). Stn. COM 03 —25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S69: a sterile colony on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53255); 21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, S153: one sterile colony on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53475). Stn. COM 07 —25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S57: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Plumularia setacea (MHNG INVE 53235); 20.i.2006, 5– 10 m, S158: one sterile colony on polychaete tube. Stn. COM 08 —17.i.2006, 8– 20 m, S159: sterile colonies investing two polychaete tubes; 07.11. 2006, 24 m, S171: one colony with female gonophores, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53507). Stn. COM 09 —04.v. 2005, 20 m, S7: sterile colonies investing five polychaete tubes (MHNG INVE 53160). Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 25 m, S131: a sterile colony, on unidentified substrate (MHNG INVE 53405). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87f: a sterile colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa (MHNG INVE 53312). Stn. CFA — 14.iii. 2006, 10 m, S147: some hydranths, without gonophores, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp. Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 15 m, S132: one sterile colony, on wood.</p> <p>Type locality. Calbuco, Chile.</p> <p>Description. Colonies stolonal, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza firmly attached to external surface of polychaete tubes. Hydrorhiza reticulated, composed of a closely-meshed network of perisarc-covered stolonal tubes. Spines absent. Colony polymorphic, with three types of individuals: gastrozooids, gonozooids and tentaculozooids. All polyps sessile, naked. Polyps pale pink, with hypostome region orange in gastro- and gono- zooids. Gastrozooids claviform to tubular when extended, slightly tapering at base, up to 4 mm high. Hypostome large, rounded-conical, encircled by a row of up to 18 amphicoronate, filiform tentacles. Smaller polyps (probably young gastrozooids) also present within the colony; provided with 7–12 tentacles. A few tentaculozooids scattered among the colony; long (ca 1 cm), slender, with rounded tips, not swollen. Colonies dioecious. Gonozooids with 5–8 filiform tentacles, bearing a ring of 2–4 ovoid gonophores above middle part of their body. Male gonozooids smaller than female ones, and both smaller than gastrozooids. Gonophores styloid, borne on short pedicels, often in opposite directions. Female gonophores containing one large egg; spadix trifid or quadrifid in more mature gonophores. Egg yellow, spadix orange. Male gonophores containing a homogenous mass of sperm cells. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) microbasic euryteles in tentacles of gastrozooid, undischarged (9.2–10.3) x (3.4–3.9) µm;</p> <p>b) desmonemes in tentacles of gastrozooid, undischarged (6.3–6.8) x (3.4–3.7) µm;</p> <p>c) microbasic euryteles in tentaculozooids, undischarged (8.8–9.5) x (3.3–4.0) µm, discharged (7.0–7.3) x (5.8–3.3) µm.</p> <p>World distribution. Kerguelen (Stepanjants 1979).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905). The present material has a range of distribution between 42°10' S and 51°40' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF55FF9FFF0EFAC799B2FC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5BFF9FFF0EFCD09B28F969.text	7F5A8787BF5BFF9FFF0EFCD09B28F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydractinia tenuis (Browne 1902)	<div><p>Hydractinia tenuis (Browne, 1902)</p> <p>(fig. 6L, pl. 1H)</p> <p>Dysmorphosa tenuis Browne, 1902: 277.</p> <p>Podocoryne tenuis: Mayer, 1910: 141; Kramp, 1959: 102, fig. 70; 1961: 70.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 08, 09, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49730).</p> <p>Type locality. Stanley Harbor, Falkland Islands.</p> <p>Description. Umbrella ca 600 µm high and 580 µm wide; mesoglea thick on apical part, thin elsewhere. Bell margin with 5–8 solid tentacles (generally 8) borne on conical marginal bulbs, light brown in color; no ocelli. Manubrium quadrate in cross-section, mounted on peduncle of nearly same length. Mouth with four short lips ending in four clusters of nematocysts; lips not prolonged as mouth-arms. Several medusa buds often present on manubrium; buds with 8 well-developed tentacles. No gonads have been seen. Cnidome: microbasic euryteles and desmonemes on tentacles.</p> <p>Remarks. A slight apical constriction above the level of peduncle base has been reported by Mayer (1910) and Kramp (1959). In the present material, such a constriction is only visible in some contracted postures of the medusa, but not in relaxed specimens (observations on living animals). The polyp stage of H. tenuis is unknown, but Hartlaub (1905) thought that H. humilis (Hartlaub, 1905) could be its hydroid; however, this hypothesis needs to be proved. Medusae of H. tenuis were abundant in the plankton of fjord Comau during January and February.</p> <p>World distribution. Falkland Islands (Kramp 1959).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Medusae herein were collected from fjord Comau. This is the first record of the species for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5BFF9FFF0EFCD09B28F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5AFF9EFF0EFB8F996BF86A.text	7F5A8787BF5AFF9EFF0EFB8F996BF86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium nambuccense Watson 1985	<div><p>Eudendrium cf. nambuccense Watson, 1985</p> <p>(fig. 7C, D)</p> <p>Eudendrium nambuccense Watson, 1985: 185, figs 9–16.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Synthecium robustum (MHNG INVE 53644).</p> <p>Type locality. Nambucca Heads, New South Wales, Australia.</p> <p>Description. Creeping, branching, anastomozing stolon; colony small, composed of several hydranths and no gonophores; epizoic on colony of Synthecium robustum. Hydranths arising at irregular intervals from stolon; borne on pedicels ringed basally or irregularly throughout their length. Some erect, loosely branched stems also present; side branches with ringed perisarc basally. Hydranths with ca 18 filiform tentacles. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) small microbasic mastigophores on tentacles, undischarged (5.6–6.0) x (2.3–2.8) µm;</p> <p>b) larger microbasic mastigophore in a ring around lower part of hydranth body, undischarged (7.9–8.4) x (2.8–3.2) µm.</p> <p>Remarks. Although sterile, the present material agrees well with the description of this species by Watson (1985), especially regarding the nematocyst complement. In her Australian material, Watson (1985) found capsules ranging between (5.0–9.0) x (2.0–3.5) µm, but pointed out the fact that they fall into two fairly distinct groups within this size range, the larger capsules being always associated with the nematocyst ring (and the gonophores), while the smaller ones are found in the tentacles. Minor differences in size were equally observed between samples from different localities (Watson 1985).</p> <p>The gonophores of E. nambuccense were described by Watson (1985).</p> <p>World distribution. Reported only from eastern and southeastern Australia (Watson 1985).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was collected from one station, Canal Copihue. Another record is from Juan Fernández Islands (Dr. S. Puce, personal communication).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5AFF9EFF0EFB8F996BF86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF58FF9CFF0EFF1A9857FBBA.text	7F5A8787BF58FF9CFF0EFF1A9857FBBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium scotti Puce, Cerrano & Bavestrello 2002	<div><p>Eudendrium cf. scotti Puce, Cerrano &amp; Bavestrello, 2002</p> <p>(fig. 7E–G)</p> <p>Eudendrium scotti Puce, Cerrano &amp; Bavestrello, 2002: 370, figs 4–5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias (MHNG INVE 53320). Stn. PAB — 10.iii. 2006, 20 m, S85a: several hydranths, without gonophores, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53299). Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53501).</p> <p>Type locality. Tethys Bay (Terra Nova Bay), Antarctica.</p> <p>Description. Colonies generally small (less than 1 cm high), delicate, composed of single pedicellate hydranths or erect and few branched stems, arising from a creeping stolon. Perisarc thin and transparent or slightly brown basally, annulated at base of side branches (2–7 annuli), smooth elsewhere. Hydranths urnshaped, with 14–20 filiform tentacles. Gonophores not seen. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) small microbasic euryteles on tentacles, undischarged (6.9–7.2) x (3.3–3.6) µm, discharged (6.9–7.2) x (3.6–3.9) µm;</p> <p>b) large macrobasic euryteles on hydranth body, hypostome, fewer in the coenosarc, undischarged (21.0– 22.3) x (10.2–10.8) µm.</p> <p>Remarks. The identification of this hydroid is somewhat uncertain because gonophores are lacking. Neverthless, the present material agrees well with the description and illustrations of E. scotti by Puce et al. (2002) from Antarctica, who also described the gonophores of this species.</p> <p>World distribution. Reported only from the Antarctic (Puce et al., 2002).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present records are situated roughly between 48°50' S and 50°30' S. This is the first records of the species for Chile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF58FF9CFF0EFF1A9857FBBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF58FF9BFF0EFAB89AE6FD9C.text	7F5A8787BF58FF9BFF0EFAB89AE6FD9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leuckartiara octona (Fleming 1823)	<div><p>Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823)</p> <p>(fig. 7H, pl. 1I)</p> <p>Geryonia octona Fleming, 1823: 299.</p> <p>Perigonimus repens: Hincks, 1868: 90, pl. 16 fig. 2; Hartlaub, 1905: 530, figs L–M; Fraser, 1944: 58, pl. 7 fig. 29.</p> <p>Leuckartiara octona: Rees, 1938: 12, figs 3–5; Russell, 1938: 154, figs 41–44; 1953: 188, figs 91–96, pl. 11 figs 5-6, pl. 12 fig. 3; Kramp, 1959: 121, fig. 119; 1961: 105; 1968: 47, fig. 121; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 10; Russell, 1970: 246; Vervoort, 1972a: 17; Fagetti, 1973: 37, pl. 2 fig. D; Millard, 1975: 123, fig. 41A–D; Hirohito, 1988 (English text): 106, fig. 38F–G; Pagès et al., 1992: 10, fig. 11; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 21; Migotto, 1996: 16, fig. 3E–G; Ramil et al., 1998a: 186; Schuchert, 2001a: 23; Bouillon et al., 2004: 70, fig. 41D–F; Buecher et al., 2005: 43.</p> <p>Perigonimus octonus: Stepanjants, 1979: 11, pl. 1 fig. 3.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 07 and 18.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49040).</p> <p>Type locality. Bell Rock, Scotland.</p> <p>Remarks. Although only the medusa stage was recorded here from fjord Comau, its hydroid probably occurs in the same area. For a description of the hydroid stage, see Rees (1938). More recent descriptions of the hydroid, the newly released and young medusae, are provided by Migotto (1996) and Schuchert (2007). The mature medusa was redescribed by Pagès et al. (1992). Data on the nematocyst complement of medusa are provided by Russell (1938). Medusae in the present material have umbrellas of up to 1.1 cm high and 0.7 cm in maximum diameter.</p> <p>World distribution. The medusa is widely-distributed in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans (Pagès et al. 1992). The polyp stage was recorded from England, South Africa (Schuchert 2001a), Brazil (Migotto 1996), Strait of Magellan (Vervoort 1972a), Argentina (Hartlaub 1905), Falkland Islands (Hartlaub 1904).</p> <p>Records form Chile. The hydroid of L. octona was previously reported from the Strait of Magellan (Hartlaub 1905) and Punta Arenas (Jäderholm 1916 –1917). The medusa is widely distributed along the entire Chilean coast (Fagetti 1973, Palma et al. 2007). Medusae in the present material were collected from fjord Comau.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF58FF9BFF0EFAB89AE6FD9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5FFF9BFF0EFC9F9F68FA79.text	7F5A8787BF5FFF9BFF0EFC9F9F68FA79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proboscidactyla stellata (Forbes 1846)	<div><p>Proboscidactyla stellata (Forbes, 1846)</p> <p>(pl. 1J)</p> <p>Willsia stellata Forbes, 1846: 268; Mayer, 1910: 193; Russell, 1938: 154, fig. 45.</p> <p>Proboscidactyla stellata: Russell, 1953: 386, figs 250–256, pl. 23 figs 3–4; Kramp, 1959: 178, fig. 256; 1961: 236; 1968: 109, fig. 294; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 11; Pagès et al., 1992: 37, fig. 41; Buecher et al., 2005: 44.</p> <p>Lar sabellarum Gosse, 1857: 113, pl. 1; Hincks, 1872: 313.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 07.ii.2006, 50–0 m, one medusa (MHNG INVE 53567).</p> <p>Type locality. Bay of Oban, Scotland.</p> <p>Remarks. Medusae of this species were collected on several occasions from the plankton but, despite an intensive search, the polyp stage was not found on tubes of sabellid polychaetes. For recent redescriptions of the medusa stage, see Pagès et al. (1992) and Buecher et al. (2005). The developmental stages of the medusa are discussed in Russell (1953) and data on their nematocyst complement are available in Russell (1938). In the present material, the medusae are up to 1.9 mm in height and 2.1 mm in width.</p> <p>World distribution. Widespread in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with some records from the west Indian Ocean, the species probably being cosmopolitan (Pagès et al. 1992, Buecher et al. 2005).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Medusae were found here in fjord Comau. Additional records are those of Palma et al. (2007) from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and Pulluche-Chacabuco channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5FFF9BFF0EFC9F9F68FA79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5FFF9AFF0EF97A9E42FD5C.text	7F5A8787BF5FFF9AFF0EF97A9E42FD5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphysa aurata Forbes 1848	<div><p>Euphysa aurata Forbes, 1848</p> <p>(fig. 7I, pl. 1K)</p> <p>Euphysa aurata Forbes, 1848: 71, fig. 3, pl. 13; Russell 1953: 90, figs 35E, 38, pl. 3 fig. 2; Kramp, 1959: 85, fig. 29; 1961: 36; 1968: 10, fig. 11; Brinckmann-Voss, 1970: 16, figs 12–15; Russell, 1970: 238; Fagetti, 1973: 36, pl. 1 fig. E; Goy et al., 1991: 104, fig. 9; Pagès et al., 1992: 20, fig. 19; Schuchert, 2001a: 42, fig. 29; Bouillon et al., 2004: 101, fig. 54A–D.</p> <p>Corymorpha aurata: Naumov, 1969: 228, figs 95–96.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 13.i.2006 and 08, 09, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49035).</p> <p>Type locality. Brassay Sound, Shetland Islands.</p> <p>Remarks. Only the medusa of this species was collected in the study area. Both the hydroid and the developmental stages of the medusa were described by Russell (1953). More recent redescriptions of the polyp stage are found in Naumov (1969) and Schuchert (2001a). Mature medusae from plankton are 2.9 mm high, 2.2 mm in width. Cnidome:</p> <p>a) stenoteles, undischarged (9.8–11.6) x (9.1–9.5) µm, discharged (7.9–8.8) x (6.3–7.9) µm, on tentacles;</p> <p>b) desmonemes, undischarged (7.0–7.4) x (5.3–5.6) µm, on tentacles.</p> <p>World distribution. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution (Pagès et al. 1992).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Medusae examined here were from fjord Comau. Additional records are those of Fagetti (1973), who found the medusa in Valparaíso Bay, and Palma et al. (2007) with records from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and Pulluche-Chacabuco channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5FFF9AFF0EF97A9E42FD5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5EFF99FF0EFC5F99FDFE4C.text	7F5A8787BF5EFF99FF0EFC5F99FDFE4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coryne eximia Allman 1859	<div><p>Coryne eximia Allman, 1859</p> <p>(fig. 7J–M, pl. 1L)</p> <p>Coryne eximia Allman, 1859: 141; Petersen, 1990: 211, fig. 43A–C; Schuchert, 2001b: 773, figs 13A–D, 18B–C; Bouillon et al., 2004: 95, fig. 50A–D.</p> <p>Syncoryne eximia: Allman, 1872: 262, pl. 5 fig. 4; Bale, 1924: 229; Fraser, 1944: 41, pl. 4 fig. 13.</p> <p>Sarsia eximia: Mayer, 1910: 57, fig. 19–21; Russell, 1938: 150, figs 8–12; 1953: 50, fig. 17A, 18A–B, pl. 2 fig. 3; Kramp, 1959: 79, fig. 15; 1961: 26; 1968: 7, fig. 6; Brinckmann-Voss, 1970: 68; Fagetti, 1973: 38; Millard, 1975: 52, fig. 20A–D; Goy et al., 1991: 101, fig. 3; Schuchert, 1996: 125, figs 77A–H, 78; 2001a: 49.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 01 – 28.i.2006, 0–6 m, S92: a small, sterile colony less than 0.5 cm high, on mollusc shell (MHNG INVE 53338). Stn. COM 02 —22.i. 2006, 15 m, S155: a small, fertile colony, about 1 cm high, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53480). Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 09 and 11.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49042).</p> <p>Type locality. British Isles (no exact locality).</p> <p>Remarks. For a recent redescription of this species, see Schuchert (2001b). The developmental stages of the medusa were studied by Russell (1953), who also provided nematocyst data for both the polyp and the medusa stages (Russell 1938).</p> <p>No funnel-shaped perisarc has been observed on hydranth bases in the present material, as reported by Schuchert in hydroids from New Zealand and Great Britain (Schuchert 1996, 2001b). Tentacle number on the hydranth body is quite variable in this species, and it likely depends on ecological factors and/or the availability of food resources: 15–35 tentacles were observed by Schuchert (1996) in New Zealand material and up to 20 in the specimens from Great Britain (Schuchert 2001b). The present specimens from Chile have 19–26 tentacles. Cnidome (polyp stage):</p> <p>a) large stenoteles, discharged (17.9–18.9) x (11.0–13.1) µm, undischarged (21.0–22.6) x (12.6–14.7) µm;</p> <p>b) small stenoteles, discharged (7.9–8.4) x (4.7–5.3) µm, undischarged (11.0–12.6) x (7.1–7.4) µm.</p> <p>Medusae caught from the plankton are up to 2.5 mm in height and 2.3 mm in maximum diameter. Nematocysts of the medusa stage not observed.</p> <p>World distribution. The hydroid stage has been reported from the North Atlantic (from North America to Europe and from Iceland to France), Mediterranean, Pacific coasts of North and South America, New Zealand, Brazil, South Africa (Schuchert 2001b). The medusa stage was found in northwestern Europe, the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, the west coast of North America (Kramp 1959), California, Alaska and Chile (Kramp 1968).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Hydroid and medusa stages were collected here from fjord Comau. The medusa was reported by Fagetti (1973) from Valparaíso Bay and by Palma et al. (2007) from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and the Pulluche-Chacabuco channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5EFF99FF0EFC5F99FDFE4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF5DFFA7FF0EFD009E4FFE4C.text	7F5A8787BF5DFFA7FF0EFD009E4FFE4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectopleura dumortieri (van Beneden 1844)	<div><p>Ectopleura dumortieri (van Beneden, 1844)</p> <p>(fig. 8A–C, pl. 2A)</p> <p>Tubularia dumortieri van Beneden, 1844: 50, pl. 2.</p> <p>Ectopleura dumortieri (i): Hincks, 1868: 124, pl. 21 fig. 4; Mayer, 1910: 69, pl. 5 figs 4–5, pl. 6 figs 1, 1’, 2; Stechow, 1923: 50; Hargitt, 1924: 472, pl. 1 figs 3–4; Fraser, 1944: 92, pl. 15 fig. 65; Russell, 1953: 76, figs 33A–C, pl. 3 figs 5–6; Kramp, 1959: 88, fig. 37; 1961: 34; 1968: 13, fig. 23; Brinckmann-Voss, 1970: 22, figs 22–25, pl. 2 fig. 1; Russell, 1970: 233; Calder, 1971: 23, pls 1B, 6B; Fagetti, 1973: 36, pl. 1 fig. C; Hirohito, 1988 (English text): 16, fig. 3A–B; Goy et al., 1991: 103, fig. 7; Migotto, 1996: 24; Bouillon et al., 2004: 105, fig. 55G–J.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 04 —28.i.2006, 19– 23 m, S166: one colony composed of numerous stems, up to 6 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53491). Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 28– 30 m, S156: one colony with ca 12 hydranths, some with medusa buds, stems up to 6 cm high, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53481). Stn. COM 10 —25.xii. 2004, 10 m, S66: one colony with numerous stems 2–3 cm high, most of the hydranths shed, with medusa buds, on dock chain. Stn. COM 14 —26.ii.2005, 10– 15 m, S25: several stems, about 3 cm high, hydranths with immature medusa buds, on polychaete tube, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53180). Stn. IVM — 28.iii. 2005, 25 m, S32: several sterile stems about 1 cm high (MHNG INVE 53193). Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S73: one stem, hydranth relatively badly preserved and probably without gonophores, on gorgonian. Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 30 m, S135: one colony with ca 12 stems, up to 3.5 cm high, some hydranths shed, with mature medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53416). Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 07, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49039).</p> <p>Type locality. Ostende, Belgium.</p> <p>Remarks. This well-known species needs no additional redescription. A recent description of the hydroid stage is found in Bouillon et al. (2004). The structural details and the developmental stages of the medusa were studied by Russell (1953).</p> <p>The hydranths in the present material have 21–28 tentacles in both the aboral and oral rows. The number of blastostyles is, however, remarkable: up to 20 such structures were seen in some hydranths. The medusae caught from the plankton were up to 1.9 mm in height and 2.0 mm in width. Cnidome (polyp stage):</p> <p>a) microbasic mastigophores, undischarged (10.4–11.4) x (3.5–4.0) µm, discharged (9.6–9.9) x 3.5 µm;</p> <p>b) large stenoteles, undischarged (10.4–11.9) x (9.9–10.9) µm, discharged (9.4–10.4) x (7.9–8.9) µm;</p> <p>c) small stenoteles, undischarged (6.9–8.4) x (5.9–6.4) µm, discharged (5.4–5.9) x (3.5–4.0) µm;</p> <p>d) desmonemes, undischarged (4.9–5.4) x (3.2–3.5) µm;</p> <p>e) anisorhizas, discharged (7.9–8.4) x (7.4–7.7) µm.</p> <p>Cnidome (medusa stage):</p> <p>a) stenoteles, on tentacles and the longitudinal nematocyst rows, undischarged (8.5–8.8) x (7.4–7.7) µm, discharged (5.8–6.4) x (5.6–5.9) µm;</p> <p>b) microbasic mastigophores, on the longitudinal nematocyst rows, undischarged (9.0–10.1) x (3.7–4.2) µm, discharged (8.5–9.0) x (3.2–3.4) µm;</p> <p>c) anisorhizas, on the longitudinal nematocyst rows, undischarged ca 8.5 x 8.0 µm, discharged (8.0–8.5) x (7.4–8.5) µm;</p> <p>d) desmonemes, on tentacles, undischarged (5.8–6.4) x (3.7–4.0) µm.</p> <p>World distribution. The polyp stage was recorded from eastern and western Atlantic, Mediterranean and Japan (Migotto 1996). The medusa stage is found along the European coasts, including Mediterranean, west coast of Africa, North America (from South Carolina to Cape Cod), Brazil, India, Pacific coast of Mexico (Kramp 1959), China and Vietnam (Kramp 1968). This species has probably a worldwide distribution.</p> <p>Records from Chile. The polyp stage was found along nearly the entire study area, between 42°S and 48°S. Medusae were collected from fjord Comau. Additional records of the medusa stage are those of Fagetti (1973), from Valparaíso Bay, and Palma et al. (2007) who extended southwards its known distribution to the southern channels (from the Gulf of Corcovado to Pulluche-Chacabuco channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF5DFFA7FF0EFD009E4FFE4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF63FFA7FF0EFDFA9901F9E2.text	7F5A8787BF63FFA7FF0EFDFA9901F9E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub 1905	<div><p>Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905</p> <p>Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905: 545, figs V–W; Galea, 2006b: 57, figs 2–4.</p> <p>Hybocodon prolifer: Schuchert, 1996: 113, fig. 68A–E.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 01 —28.i.2006, 21– 24 m: a colony composed of several stems (MHNG INVE 48117). Stn. COM 02 —22.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S49: a colony composed of several stems (MHNG INVE 48116). Stn. COM 03 —25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S22: small colony, with 6–7 stems, up to 3.5 cm high, hydranths with immature medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53176); 21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, HG031: fertile colony liberating medusae (MHNG INVE 48115). Stn. COM 04– 28.i.2006, 22– 25 m: a colony composed of several stems (MHNG INVE 48492). Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 20– 23 m, HG063: fertile colony liberating medusae (MHNG INVE 48118). Stn. COM 08 —25.xii. 2004, 5 m, S64: one sterile stem 6.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53246). Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S83: two hydranths without pedicels, one with blastostyles carrying medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53297). Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 24 m, S127: a colony with about a dozen of stems, 4–5 cm in height, hydranths with immature medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53393). Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S74: two polyps, one borne on a 2 cm high pedicel, the other without pedicel, both in bad condition and sterile. Stn. CFA — 14.iii. 2006, 25 m, S100: one stem 2.5 cm high, hydranth with immature medusa buds (MHNG INVE 53355). Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 18–19.ii.2006, 10– 20 m, horizontal night haul: one adult female, two subadult medusae and two actinulae (MHNG INVE 49043).</p> <p>Type locality. Calbuco, Chile.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was recently fully redescribed and figured by Galea (2006b).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876; Sertularella jorgensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991; Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900); Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>World distribution. Recorded from New Zealand (Schuchert 1996).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously recorded from Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905). The present material was collected between 42°10' S and 48°50' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF63FFA7FF0EFDFA9901F9E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF63FFA6FF0EF8D09897FC4C.text	7F5A8787BF63FFA6FF0EF8D09897FC4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calycella syringa (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Calycella syringa (Linnaeus, 1767)</p> <p>(fig. 8D–F, table 1)</p> <p>Sertularia syringa Linnaeus, 1767: 1311.</p> <p>Calycella syringa: Hincks, 1868: 206, pl. 39 fig. 2; 1874: 148; Hartlaub, 1901: 358; Hargitt, 1909: 376; Stechow, 1919: 76; Fraser, 1944: 166, pl. 30 fig. 138; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 14; Naumov, 1969: 332, fig. 198; Calder, 1970: 1516, pl. 3 fig. 7; Vervoort, 1972a: 36; Calder, 1975: 298, fig. 3B; Stepanjants, 1979: 46, pl. 8 fig. 4; Cornelius, 1995a: 186, fig. 42; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 79, fig. 22C–G; Ramil et al., 1998a: 187; Schuchert, 2001a: 57, fig. 43; Bouillon et al., 2004: 130, fig. 68C–E.</p> <p>Calicella syringa: Blanco et al., 2000a: 268.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S51: one fertile colony, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma, 1 slide (MHNG INVE 53226).</p> <p>Type locality. Likely unknown.</p> <p>Description. Colonies composed of tortuous, creeping stolon giving rise to numerous hydrothecae and gonothecae. Hydrothecae with short, spirally grooved pedicels (generally with 2–6, but up to 10 twists have been observed); pedicels shorter than hydrothecae. Hydrotheca long, cylindrical, with lateral walls almost parallel, narrowing basally. Operculum conical, formed by several triangular flaps, each with crease-line basally; often folded inwards. Gonotheca ovoid, smooth-walled, on short pedicel composed of 1–2 annuli; basal part slightly tapering, apical part truncated, with large, rounded aperture. Gonothecal contents badly preserved.</p> <p>World distribution. Cosmopolitan in coastal waters, mainly known from the northern hemisphere where it occurs on European coasts, Mediterranean, northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland, Russian northern seas, California (Calder 1970); in the southern hemisphere it was recorded from Japan and Newfoundland (Schuchert 2001a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected at only one station, from Canal Betecoi, Melinka. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF63FFA6FF0EF8D09897FC4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF62FFA5FF0EF8C7997BFC6C.text	7F5A8787BF62FFA5FF0EF8C7997BFC6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanulina pumila (Clark 1875)	<div><p>Campanulina pumila (Clark, 1875)</p> <p>(fig. 8G–I, table 2)</p> <p>Opercularella pumila Clark, 1875: 61, pl. 9 figs 3–5; Calder, 1971: 65, pl. 4I.</p> <p>Opercularella pumilla: Hargitt, 1909: 37.</p> <p>Opercularella nana Hartlaub, 1897: 502, pl. 20 figs 9–11.</p> <p>Campanulina pumila: Vervoort, 1946: 215, fig. 91; Cornelius, 1995a: 193, fig. 44; Schuchert, 2001a: 56, fig. 42A–B.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. ANI — 01.iv. 2005, 2 m, S24: a fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53178).</p> <p>Type locality. Portland (Maine) and off Montauk Point (Long Island), USA.</p> <p>Description. Colonies minute, stolonal. Hydrothecae borne on spiral-twisted pedicels of variable length; long, tubular, distal 1/4 comprising membranous, conical, pleated operculum, composed of several triangular flaps, not distinctly delimited basally by crease-line; basal part gently tapering into pedicel and provided with thin diaphragm. Gonothecae arising directly from stolon; barrel-shaped but quite elongated; distal end truncated and provided with large, rounded aperture; gonotheca borne on short, twisted pedicel. Gonothecae empty.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material is exclusively stolonal. Colonies composed of erect shoots of up to 5 hydrothecae were described from Great Britain (Cornelius 1995a). The hydranths in the present material were either retracted or badly preserved, so that the number or tentacles could not be checked. Cornelius (1995a) reported hydranths with ca 18 amphicoronate tentacles and having a minute, basal web. A thin diaphragm delimiting a basal chamber, similar to that observed by Schuchert (2001a) from Greenland material, is visible in some gonothecae from Chile.</p> <p>World distribution. North Sea, North Atlantic, Pacific coasts of North America (Cornelius 1995a), Greenland (Schuchert 2001a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected at only one station, from Angostura Inglesa, Canal Messier. This is the first record of the species for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF62FFA5FF0EF8C7997BFC6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF61FFA4FF0EF8EF995CFC2C.text	7F5A8787BF61FFA4FF0EF8EF995CFC2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Egmundella gracilis Stechow 1921	<div><p>Egmundella gracilis Stechow, 1921</p> <p>(fig. 8J–L, table 3)</p> <p>Egmundella gracilis Stechow, 1921: 226; 1923: 124, fig. Q. Material examined. Stn. IVM — 28.iii. 2005, 20 m, S26: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53183).</p> <p>Type locality. Vancouver, Canada.</p> <p>Description. Colony stolonal, minute, about 0.8 mm high; stolon giving rise at irregular intervals to hydrothecae atop a pedicel. Pedicels varied in length but always exceeding height of hydrotheca; basally with 3–4 annuli, smooth or with scattered wrinkles elsewhere, merging almost imperceptibly with hydrothecal base. Hydrotheca tubular, deep, slightly widening towards aperture, narrowing basally, with no demarcation from pedicel. Operculum a cone-shaped lid consisting of a folded continuation of hydrothecal wall, not distinctly demarcated from rim, comprising several triangular flaps meeting centrally. Nematophores dispersed along stolon, between hydrothecae, or in clusters of 2–3 on hydrothecal pedicels; globular to oval, borne on short pedicels, containing several long, closely-packed, banana-shaped nematocysts; with terminal, small, rounded aperture.</p> <p>Remarks. Stechow (1923) observed up to 4 nematophores in a circle around the hydrothecal pedicel, just below the hydrotheca; also on stolon where they were thought to function in defending the damaged colony. Some hydrocauli in Stechow’s material range between 2–4 mm high, but smaller pedicels are also visible in his figure R. Like Stechow’s material, the present specimens are sterile and the gonotheca of this species still remains to be described.</p> <p>World distribution. Pacific coast of Canada (Stechow 1923).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was found at only one station, Isla van der Meulen. This is the first record for Chile and also for the south-eastern Pacific.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF61FFA4FF0EF8EF995CFC2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF60FFA3FF0EF9FA98BDFBA4.text	7F5A8787BF60FFA3FF0EF9FA98BDFBA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opercularella belgicae (Hartlaub 1904)	<div><p>Opercularella belgicae (Hartlaub, 1904)</p> <p>(fig. 8M, N, table 4)</p> <p>Campanulina belgicae Hartlaub, 1904: 10, figs 8–9, pl. 1; Billard, 1914: 12.</p> <p>Opercularella belgicae: Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 77; Leloup, 1974: 4, fig. 2; Millard, 1977: 5, fig. 1B; Stepanjants, 1979: 41, pl. 7 fig. 6; Blanco et al., 2000a: 270, fig. 3; Peña Cantero et al., 2004: 2276, fig. 1C–H.</p> <p>? Opercularella sp.: Vervoort, 1972a: 42, fig. 11B–C.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. ILA — 13.iii. 2006, 32 m, S130: a small, sterile colony composed of both stolonal and erect growth forms, on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53402).</p> <p>Type locality. Bellingshausen Sea, West Antarctica.</p> <p>Description. A minute, delicate colony, composed of two hydrothecate pedicels and a relatively small (7.6 mm high) erect stem, bearing six hydrothecae. Pedicels of stolonal form longer than their corresponding hydrothecae, smooth, except for the presence of 2–3 basal, spiral annulations. Erect form with smooth, straight, monosiphonic, unbranched and gradually tapering distally main stem. Stem sympodially branched, with branches alternate, each bearing one terminal hydrotheca, borne on basally annulated pedicel. Hydrothecae long, inverted conical, with walls slightly divergent distally, tapering below and merging imperceptibly into pedicel; with delicate diaphragm marking junction between the two. Closing apparatus formed by several triangular flaps meeting centrally and forming a pointed roof; flaps without crease line basally. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. Naumov &amp; Stepanjants (1962) and Stepanjants (1979) described adult colonies of this species having pedicels with undulated perisarc, and younger colonies with pedicels entirely ringed. Similar observations were also made by Blanco et al. (2000a). Peña Cantero et al. (2004) reported long pedicels usually smooth, except for a few basal rings, while short pedicels were completely ringed.</p> <p>The material from the Strait of Magellan described and figured by Vervoort (1972a) as Opercularella sp. agrees well with the present material from Chile and both may be conspecific.</p> <p>The gonothecae of O. belgicae were unknown since their recent description by Peña Cantero et al. (2004). Unfortunately, all their gonothecae were empty and we still do not know if the species produces medusae. Therefore, these authors kept this species in the genus Opercularella, and their opinion is followed here.</p> <p>World distribution. Eastern and western Antarctica, Kerguélen, Mar del Plata, Strait of Magellan (Peña Cantero et al. 2004).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from south of Tocopilla (Leloup 1974). The present material originates from Isla Lavinia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF60FFA3FF0EF9FA98BDFBA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF66FFA2FF0EFF589B4FFB7C.text	7F5A8787BF66FFA2FF0EFF589B4FFB7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoeina longitheca Jaderholm 1904	<div><p>Lafoeina longitheca Jäderholm, 1904</p> <p>(fig. 8O, P, table 5)</p> <p>Lafoeina longitheca Jäderholm, 1904b: 4; 1905: 20, figs 1–2, pl. 8; Billard, 1914: 12; Stepanjants, 1979: 41, pl. 7 fig. 9; Blanco et al., 2000a: 269, fig. 2; Peña Cantero et al., 2004: 2274, fig. 1A–B.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: a sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53322).</p> <p>Type locality. Off South Georgia, West Antarctica.</p> <p>Description. Colony minute, stolonal, with individual hydrothecae and nematothecae arising directly from a branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza, firmly attached to its substrate, a colony of Bougainvillia pyramidata. Hydrothecae long, tubular, slightly curving, generally with 2–3 widely-spaced renovations; basal part narrowing fairly suddenly and attached directly to stolon; hydrothecal pedicel absent; hydrothecal rim slightly everted. Closing apparatus composed of several triangular flaps, connected by a hyaline membrane and folding together to form a pointed roof; sometimes operculum inwardly closed; with fine crease-line between bases of opercular flaps and hydrothecal rim. Nematothecae long, narrow, distal part slightly swollen, with small, circular, apical aperture; provided with several large, banana-shaped nematocysts.</p> <p>Remarks. Several authors reported a variable number of basal annulations of hydrothecae (Jäderholm 1904b, Stepanjants 1979, Blanco et al. 2000a). Peña Cantero et al. (2004) found only a few hydrothecae having a single annular constriction. In the present material, the majority of hydrothecae are smooth-walled, only a few of them being provided with 2–3 transverse constrictions of perisarc (fig. 8O). Renovations of hydrothecal margin were observed by Blanco et al. (2000a), but they were neither mentioned, nor figured, by Peña Cantero et al. (2004). Blanco et al. (2000a) reported hydranths with eight tentacles, while in the present material their number is ca 10. The gonothecae of this species still remain to be described.</p> <p>World distribution. Lafoeina longitheca has a sub- and circumantarctic distribution, being recorded from off Kerguélen, East and West Antarctica, Pacific coasts of Argentina (Peña Cantero et al. 2004).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was found at only one station, Canal Fallos. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF66FFA2FF0EFF589B4FFB7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF65FFA1FF0EFE9A9E0EFB02.text	7F5A8787BF65FFA1FF0EFE9A9E0EFB02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phialella falklandica Browne 1902	<div><p>Phialella falklandica Browne, 1902</p> <p>(fig. 9A, pl. 2B)</p> <p>Phialella falklandica Browne, 1902: 282; Kramp, 1959: 152, fig. 201; 1961: 179; 1968: 84, fig. 235; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 27.</p> <p>Eucope falklandica: Mayer, 1910: 237.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 02.xi.2006, 30–0 m, three mature medusae (MHNG INVE 53568).</p> <p>Type locality. Falkland Islands.</p> <p>Description. Umbrella hemispherical, ca 4 mm high and 6 mm wide, with relatively thick mesoglea. With 4 straight radial canals and ring canal narrow. Margin with ca 34 tentacles borne on large bulbs. Due to the method of preservation of the specimens (formalin), the presence of statocysts could not be checked. Both ocelli and cirri absent. Manubrium short, quadrangular, mouth with four folded lips. Gonads along greater part of radial canals, not reaching bell margin or manubrium; elongated, hanging down in wavy folds. Color of manubrium and tentacle bulbs reddish brown, gonads yellowish.</p> <p>Remarks. The present specimens have probably not reached their maximum size. Fully grown, mature medusae are up to 17 mm wide, have about 60 marginal tentacles and statocysts on cushion-like bulbs containing two or more statoliths (Kramp 1968).</p> <p>The hydroid stage of this species is still unknown (see discussion under P. cf. quadrata).</p> <p>World distribution. Falkland Islands, southern coast of South America, Auckland and Campbell Islands (Kramp 1959), New Zealand (Kramp 1968, Vervoort &amp; Waton 2003).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material originates from fjord Comau.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF65FFA1FF0EFE9A9E0EFB02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF65FFAEFF0EFB6F9B78FCFE.text	7F5A8787BF65FFAEFF0EFB6F9B78FCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phialella quadrata (Forbes 1848)	<div><p>Phialella cf. quadrata (Forbes, 1848)</p> <p>(fig. 9B–F, table 6)</p> <p>Thaumantias quadrata Forbes, 1848: 43, pl. 9 fig. 2.</p> <p>Leptoscyphus tenuis Hincks, 1868: 197, pl. 34 fig. 2.</p> <p>Campanulina repens Hincks, 1868: 189, pl. 38 figs 1, 1A.</p> <p>Eucope globosa Mayer, 1910: 235.</p> <p>Phialella quadrata: Russell, 1953: 315, figs 196–200, pl. 16 figs 4–6, pl. 17 fig. 5; Ralph, 1957: 848, fig. 8G–I; Kramp, 1959: 152, fig. 200; 1961: 180; 1968: 84, fig. 226; Fagetti, 1973: 40, pl. 3 figs C–D; Goy et al., 1991: 114, fig. 37; Cornelius, 1995a: 177, fig. 39; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 28; Bouillon et al., 2004: 170, figs 91F–J, 92A–C.</p> <p>? Phialella quadrata: Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973: 43, fig. 5G–J;</p> <p>Campanulina quadrata: Naumov, 1969: 335, fig. 201</p> <p>Campanulina turrida Millard, 1975: 139, fig. 45B.</p> <p>? Campanulina chilensis Hartlaub, 1905: 589, figs L 2, M 2 b, N 2; Stechow, 1923: 128; Leloup, 1974: 3, fig. 1A–B; Stepanjants, 1979: 42, pl. 7 fig. 7.</p> <p>? Phialella chilensis: Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 76, fig. 3; Vervoort, 1972a: 38, fig. 10; Millard, 1977: 5, fig. 1A; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 47, fig. 8; Blanco et al., 2000a: 271, figs 4–5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, S79 (13–20 m): a sterile colony, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, up to 6 mm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp. (MHNG INVE 53279); S80 (13–20 m): a sterile colony, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis (MHNG INVE 53285); S77 (20 m): a fertile colony, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Symplec- toscyphus filiformis (MHNG INVE 53273). Stn. MEL 02 —06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: a sterile colony, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S82: small, stolonal colonies, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma and Symplectoscyphus filiformis; S90: a sterile colony, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. CFA — 14.iii. 2006, 15 m, S125: sterile colonies, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata or epiphytic on algae. Stn. CCO — 09.iii.2006, S144 (18 m): one sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp.; S140 (0–20 m): a small, stolonal colony, epizoic on Parascyphus repens, sterile. Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: several sterile colonies, with both stolonal and erect growth forms, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 11 m, S126: a small, sterile colony with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S128: one sterile colony, mainly stolonal but also with some small, erect shoots, on crab carapace. Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 02.xi.2006, 30–0 m, one poorly-preserved medusa.</p> <p>Type locality. Firth of Forth, Great Britain.</p> <p>Description. Colony stolonal or with erect shoots, up to 1 cm high, or with both arrangements in the same colony. Erect form with sympodial growth. Stems and branches annulated throughout, especially at origin of branches, or with portions of smooth or slightly wrinkled perisarc. Branches arising at acute angles from stem or low order branches. Hydrotheca small, of campanulinid type, thin walled, shorter than pedicel, oblongovoid, widest in middle, tapering slightly above and below, with thin diaphragm; distal third comprising membranous, conical pleated operculum, composed of several triangular flaps, forming a pointed roof; operculum without crease-line basally. Hydrotheca not sharply demarcated from pedicel. Hydranths are present in some specimens, but generally not extended and not well-preserved; therefore, the presence of an intertentacular web could not be checked. Gonothecae borne on stolon; ovoid, with basal part tapering into a short, twisted pedicel; apical part truncated and provided with circular aperture. Gonothecal contents badly preserved, comprising a single opaque, globular mass, occupying nearly the whole lumen.</p> <p>The only poorly-preserved medusa specimen observed will not be described here. For a complete description, see Russell (1953).</p> <p>Remarks. The polyp stage of P. chilensis Hartlaub, 1905 is similar to that of P. quadrata (Forbes, 1848), and they seem impossible to separate using morphological criteria. Vervoort (1972a) assigned his material from the Strait of Magellan to P. chilensis and found that the basal part of the hydrothecae was asymmetrical and had straight, conical walls, widening sightly from the base onwards. However, in his original description, Hartlaub (1905) figured the hydrothecae with either straight, conical walls (fig. L 2 c) or oblong-ovoid (figs L 2 b, M 2 b, N 2). Moreover, Leloup (1974) pointed out the variability in the shape of hydrothecae in his Chilean material. Therefore, this character has probably no taxonomic significance.</p> <p>Gonothecae of P. chilensis have been found only a few times (Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962, Blanco et al. 2000a), and they are similar to those described for P. quadrata. Despite these resemblances, several authors (Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962, Vervoort 1972 a, Millard 1977, El Beshbeeshy 1991, Blanco et al. 2000a) kept both species separated, waiting until the mature medusa of the former is reared to maturity.</p> <p>However, only two medusae belonging to genus Phialella have been reported from South America, namely P. quadrata (Fagetti 1973, Palma et al. 2007, present study) and P. falklandica Browne, 1902 (Vanhöffen 1913, Kramp 1959 and 1968, present study). Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that the hydroid identified as P. chilensis must be the benthic stage of one of the two species of medusae. The hydroid of P. falklandica is still unknown, but hydroids belonging to genus Phialella are not expected to differ much. The present material is here assigned to P. quadrata. Comparative measurements of P. chilensis and P. quadrata hydroids are listed in table 6.</p> <p>World distribution. The hydroid stage of P. chilensis was reported from the Strait of Magellan (Vervoort 1972a), Antarctica (Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962), Auckland and Crozet Island (Millard 1977) and Japan (Stechow 1923). Both the hydroid and medusa stages of P. quadrata are widespread in coastal waters of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans (Cornelius 1995a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The hydroid stage of P. chilensis was previously recorded from Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905), Coquimbo Bay, north of Golfo de Ancud, Strait of Magellan and Seno Ultima Esperanza (Leloup 1974). The present hydroid material was collected roughly between 43° and 52° S. The medusa stage of P. quadrata occurs along the entire Chilean coast (Fagetti 1973, Palma et al. 2007).</p> <p>Table 6 continued</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF65FFAEFF0EFB6F9B78FCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF6AFFADFF0EF8839E8CFA6C.text	7F5A8787BF6AFFADFF0EF8839E8CFA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Modeeria rotunda (Quoy & Gaimard 1827)	<div><p>Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827)</p> <p>(fig. 9G–J, table 7)</p> <p>Dianea rotunda Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827: 181, pl. 6A figs 1–2.</p> <p>Stegopoma fastigiatum Kramp, 1911: 383; Stechow, 1919: 72; 1923: 8; Fraser, 1944: 178, pl. 32 fig. 153; Ralph, 1957: 850, fig. 8N–O; Vervoort, 1959: 234, fig. 10; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 13; Naumov, 1969: 341, fig. 206; Vervoort, 1966:</p> <p>115; 1972a: 42; Leloup, 1974: 7, fig. 5; Millard, 1975: 137, fig. 45A; Blanco et al., 2000a: 274, figs 10–11. Stegopoma medusiformis Hargitt, 1924: 491, pl. 4 fig. 15. Campanularia fastigiata: Cornelius, 1982: 123. Calycella fastigiata: Hincks, 1868: 208, pl. 39 figs 3, 3A. Modeeria formosa Kramp, 1961: 129; Edwards, 1963: 457; 1973: 573. Modeeria rotunda: Edwards, 1963: 457, fig. 1; Edwards, 1973: 573, figs 1–3; Millard, 1975: 137, fig. 45A; 1977: 4;</p> <p>Hirohito, 1983: 19; Gili et al. 1989: 74, fig. 3C; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 51, fig. 9; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 29, fig.</p> <p>4A–B; Cornelius, 1995a: 109, fig. 24: Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 88, fig. 25A–C; Calder, 1997: 87; Brinckmann-</p> <p>Voss &amp; Arai, 1998: 61, fig. 12; Schuchert, 2000: 413; 2001a: 51, fig. 36; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002:</p> <p>52, fig. 10G–H; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 31; Bouillon et al., 2004: 189, fig. 105D–K; Vervoort, 2006: 219, fig. 18. Tiaranna rotunda: Russell, 1940: 517, figs 11–13; 1953: 219, figs 117, 118A, B, 119; Kramp, 1959: 130, fig. 143; 1961:</p> <p>130; Edwards, 1963: 457, fig. 1; Kramp, 1968: 61, fig. 159; Russell, 1970: 252. Turris rotunda: Mayer, 1910: 124.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 03 —21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, S154: several sterile colonies, epizoic on two plumes of Plumularia setacea and on small fragments of wood (MHNG INVE 53476). Stn. IVM — 28.iii.2005, S26 (20 m): a sterile colony, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53185); S32 (25 m): a sterile colony, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma (MHNG INVE 53194). Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S40: a fertile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53204); S45: a fertile colony, epizoic on stems of unidentifiable tubulariid and Bougainvillia pyramidata. Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 25 m, S131: a sterile colony, on unidentified substrate. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: sterile colonies epizoic on Clytia linearis and Lafoea dumosa. Stn. AIN — 11.iii. 2006, 24 m, S117: small, sterile colony, composed of several hydrothecae, epizoic on Plumularia setacea (MHNG INVE 53372). Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 20 m, S137: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Halopteris schucherti. Stn. CCO — 09.iii.2006, 0–20 m, S140: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Synthecium robustum and Parascyphus repens. Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 24 m, S121: some hydrothecae, without gonothecae, epizoic on Synthecium robustum.</p> <p>Type locality. Strait of Gibraltar (no exact locality).</p> <p>Remarks. The present hydroid material agrees perfectly with the available descriptions of this species (Edwards 1973, Russell 1953). The nematocyst complement of the medusa was studied by Russell (1940). The size of hydrotheca and length of pedicel may vary greatly (see table 7). Although the hydroid is frequent in the study area, no medusae were collected from plankton.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879).</p> <p>World distribution. Worldwide in boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical parts of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, the polyp phase penetrating into both Arctic and Antarctic regions (Vervoort 2006). Medusa stage also recorded from the Strait of Magellan (Pagès &amp; Orejas 1999).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records are from Canal Chacao, Golfo de Ancud and Seno Reloncavi (Leloup 1974). The present material was found roughly between 42°10' S and 50°50' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF6AFFADFF0EF8839E8CFA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF68FFABFF0EFE9A9ACBFA5C.text	7F5A8787BF68FFABFF0EFE9A9ACBFA5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Filellum magnificum Pena Cantero, Svoboda & Vervoort 2004	<div><p>Filellum cf. magnificum Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 2004</p> <p>(fig. 10A, table 8)</p> <p>Filellum magnificum Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 2004: 2287, figs 2G–H, 5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S58: sterile colonies, on polychaete tubes (MHNG INVE 53239).</p> <p>Type locality. Weddell Sea, Antarctica.</p> <p>Description. Stolons creeping on external surface of polychaete tubes, giving rise to irregularly-spaced hydrothecae. Hydrothecae consisting of a short basal portion, adnate to substratum, and a much longer free part (up to 2.5 mm high), sharply bending away from adnate part. Most hydrothecae with several widelyspaced renovations; hydrothecal aperture circular, rim even, though indistinctly everted. Upper side of adnate part provided with variable number of transverse striae. Coppinia absent.</p> <p>Remarks. Although the present material is sterile, I have tentatively assigned it to F. magnificum based on the dimensions of the hydrothecae. The allied species F. antarcticum (Hartlaub, 1904) was also reported from Chile (Leloup 1974). Both are characterized by the varied length of the adnate part of hydrotheca, the varied angle between the free and adnate parts, and the presence of a few, long renovations of the rim. However, Peña Cantero et al. (2004) studied abundant material of both species and reached the conclusion that, despite these resemblances, and even in the absence of gonosome, the hydrothecae of F. magnificum are clearly distinguishable from those of F. antarcticum by their larger size, especially the larger diameter of the hydrothecal aperture.</p> <p>Peña Cantero et al. (2004) found for F. antarcticum a maximum diameter of the hydrothecal rim of 130 µm, in both Vanhöffen’s (1910) specimens and the Polarstern material from Antarctica. Similarly, the fertile material studied by Millard (1975) from South Africa had hydrothecae with a maximum diameter at rim of 120 µm. The rim diameter in F. magnificum is comparatively larger, 169–208 µm (Peña Cantero et al. 2004).</p> <p>The present material from Chile agrees with the description of F. magnificum by Peña Cantero et al. (2004), but our hydrothecae are somewhat larger than those from Antarctica (see table 8). El Beshbeeshy (1991) assigned infertile specimens of a Filellum species to F. antarcticum but, due to the large size of their hydrothecae, his material may therefore belong to F. magnificum.</p> <p>World distribution. Antarctica (Peña Cantero et al., 2004).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected from Isla de Chiloé. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF68FFABFF0EFE9A9ACBFA5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF6FFFA9FF0EF9BA9F44FA0C.text	7F5A8787BF6FFFA9FF0EF9BA9F44FA0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Filellum serratum (Clarke 1879)	<div><p>Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879)</p> <p>(fig. 10B–E, tables 9–10)</p> <p>Lafoea serrata Clarke, 1879: 242, pl. 4 fig. 25; Hartlaub, 1905: 595, fig. Q 2.</p> <p>Reticularia serrata: Ralph, 1958: 312, figs 2J, 3A.</p> <p>Filellum serratum: Stechow, 1923: 145; Hargitt, 1924: 488; Fraser, 1944: 216, pl. 44 fig. 199; Vervoort, 1968: 100; 1972a: 51, fig. 14A–B; Leloup, 1974: 8, fig. 9; Millard, 1975: 178, fig. 59A–C; Blanco, 1976: 32, pl.2 figs 1–3; Millard, 1977: 12; Stepanjants, 1979: 50, pl. 8 fig. 8A–B; Hirohito, 1983: 20; Calder, 1991: 36, fig. 21; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 78, fig. 18; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 354; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 110, fig. 31A–C; Peña Cantero et al., 1998: 304, figs 1–2; Schuchert, 2001a: 63, fig. 50; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 53; Calder et al., 2003: 1209; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 59; Bouillon et al., 2004: 156, fig. 84I–J.</p> <p>Filellum cf. serratum: Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 54; Vervoort, 2006: 231.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S80: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis and polychaete tube. Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 20– 23 m, S95: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma, Sertularella polyzonias and a piece of wood. Stn. COM 07 —25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S57: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Plumularia setacea. Stn. COM 11 —11.ix. 2004, 26 m, S14: a sterile colony, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias (MHNG INVE 53168). Stn. SWA — 15.iii.2006, S134 (20 m): a sterile colony, epizoic on Obelia dichotoma; S131 (25 m): a fertile colony, with 3 coppiniae, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata, and some hydrothecae, without coppinia, epizoic on Modeeria rotunda. Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87: several sterile colonies epizoic on Obelia dichotoma, Campanularia agas, and Halecium delicatulum. Stn. CCO — 09.iii.2006, 0–20 m, S140: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Synthecium robustum. Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: infertile colonies investing almost the entire surface of a colony of Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 18 m, S133: a sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus magellanicus.</p> <p>Type locality. Caribbean, near Havana, Cuba.</p> <p>Description. Colonies stolonal with creeping, irregularly branched, adhering stolon. Hydrotheca sessile, cylindrical, with basal part adnate to substratum and free part curving upwards. Adnate part with variable number of transverse striae on outer surface. Hydrothecal aperture rounded, rim even, usually everted; renovations sometimes present. Gonothecae borne in coppiniae. Coppinia a basket-like structure composed of a central mass of tightly packed gonothecae, surrounded by a fence of defensive or accessory tubes. Gonothecae tubular, rounded to polygonal in transverse section, lateral walls fused, distal end truncated. Most gonothecae empty, others with badly preserved soft parts; no acrocysts have been seen. Accessory tubes disposed in two concentric rows. An external sheath is directly in contact with the exterior of coppinia; it is composed of tubes of irregular shape, up to 4 times longer than gonothecae; walls of adjacent tubes fused, with only the distal part, of variable length, free; lateral walls often undulated. Distal part of tubes curved above the central mass of corbula, forming a nest-like protective structure. An internal sheet of accessory tubes interposed between the mass of gonothecae and the external sheet; it is composed of much shorter tubes (but still longer than gonothecae), with straight walls, circular in transverse section, with distal extremity truncated.</p> <p>Remarks. Hartlaub (1905) reported small, cup-shaped structures irregularly arising from the stolon, with smooth walls and everted rim, that were interpreted as possible nematothecae. However, similar structures were never mentioned by other authors and consequently they may represent anatomical parts belonging to another species.</p> <p>Since no coppiniae were formed in the majority of the available samples of the present material, their identification is exclusively based on the presence of striae on the upper adnate part, the general shape and the similarities in the hydrothecal dimensions compared with those of the fertile material from sample S131. Comparison of measurements proved that all the hydrothecae are nearly identical in dimensions (Table 10), and most probably belong to the same species, F.serratum.</p> <p>Peña Cantero et al. (1998) studied the coppiniae of F. serratum from Mediterranean material. The accessory tubes were branched and the gonothecae were bottle-shaped, with a short distal neck bearing the gonothecal aperture. Similar gonothecae were also figured by Hirohito (1995), who however provided no description. Conversely, Millard (1975) described the structure of coppinia from South African material. She found unbranched accessory tubes of irregular shape, usually curved or twisted, and at least double the length of the gonothecae. Moreover, the gonothecae lacked the distal neck.</p> <p>The coppiniae in the present material agree better with the description and illustration provided by Millard (1975). However, the lack of gonothecal neck in both the Chilean and South African material may be interpreted as a possible mechanical breakage following egg release or by the fact that the coppiniae were too old and therefore deciduous.</p> <p>Due to the differences cited above, Peña Cantero et al. (1998) supposed that F. serratum may be a complex of more than one species. Thus, F. serratum needs the examination of more fertile material from different geographic locations.</p> <p>World distribution. F. serratum is considered a cosmopolitan species. However, since most of the records are based on sterile material, its actual distribution is only speculated (Peña Cantero et al. 1998).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from the Strait of Magellan (Hartlaub 1905) and Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected between 42°10' S and 50°50' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF6FFFA9FF0EF9BA9F44FA0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF6CFFA8FF0EFDDF996AFA6A.text	7F5A8787BF6CFFA8FF0EFDDF996AFA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grammaria abietina (M. Sars 1850)	<div><p>Grammaria abietina (M. Sars, 1850)</p> <p>(fig. 10I, J, table 12)</p> <p>Campanularia abietina M. Sars, 1850: 139.</p> <p>Salacia abietina: Hincks, 1868: 212, pl. 41 fig. 3</p> <p>Grammaria abietina: Fraser, 1944: 217, pl. 44 fig. 200; Naumov, 1969: 306, fig. 174, pl. 1; Calder, 1970: 1523, pl. 5 fig. 1; Vervoort, 1972a: 56; Cornelius, 1975: 382, fig. 3; Millard, 1977: 12, fig. 3D–E; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 80, fig. 19; Cornelius, 1995a: 257, fig. 59; Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 27, fig. 13; Schuchert, 2001a: 64, fig. 51.</p> <p>Grammaria magellanica: Hartlaub, 1905: 598, fig. S 2 –U 2; Vervoort, 1972a: 58, fig. 16B; Stepanjants, 1979: 54, pl. 9 fig. 6.</p> <p>Grammaria stentor: Hartlaub, 1905: 599, fig. V 2; Naumov, 1969: 305, fig. 173; Stepanjants, 1979: 53, pl. 9 fig. 7.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CME — 28.iii. 2005, 20 m, S3: four colonies, up to 16 cm, and smaller fragments, all sterile, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53156). Stn. CAR — 08.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S151: one sterile colony, 7 cm high (MHNG INVE 53471). Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 20 m, S145: one sterile colony, 10 cm high (MHNG INVE 53459). Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 11 m, S115: one sterile colony, 6.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53370).</p> <p>Type locality. Off Bergen, Norway.</p> <p>Remarks. This well-known species needs no further comments. For a recent redescription I refer to Schuchert (2001a). All the present material is sterile.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Hebella striata Allman, 1888.</p> <p>World distribution. Circumpolar, ranging southward to the North Sea in the eastern Atlantic, and to southern New England in the western Atlantic. In the southern hemisphere, it was reported near Crozet, Kerguelen, and Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia (Schuchert 2001a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records of this species are from the Strait of Magellan (Hartlaub 1905). The present material was found between 48°20' S and 51°40' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF6CFFA8FF0EFDDF996AFA6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF73FFB6FF0EF9CE9F89F8A1.text	7F5A8787BF73FFB6FF0EF9CE9F89F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoea dumosa (Fleming 1828)	<div><p>Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1828)</p> <p>(fig. 11A–E, table 13)</p> <p>Sertularia dumosa Fleming, 1820: 84 (nomen nudum).</p> <p>Campanularia dumosa Fleming, 1828: 548.</p> <p>Lafoea fruticosa Hincks, 1868: 202, pl. 41 fig. 2; 1874: 148, pl. 6 figs 6–10, pl. 7 fig. 16; Vervoort, 1966: 126, fig. 29; Naumov, 1969: 297, fig. 164; Calder, 1970: 1524, pl. 5 fig. 4; Vervoort, 1972a: 66, figs 19–21; Millard, 1975: 187, fig. 61A–F; Stepanjants, 1979: 47, pl. 8 fig. 6A–B.</p> <p>Lafoea dumosa: Hincks, 1868: 200, pl. 41 fig. 1; Hartlaub, 1905: 594; Stechow, 1919: 80, fig. A 1; 1923: 142; Fraser 1944: 221, pls 45–46 fig. 205; Vervoort 1968: 100; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 14; Naumov, 1969: 298, fig. 165; Calder, 1970: 1524, pl. 5 fig. 3; 1975: 299, fig. 3D; Millard 1975: 185; 1977: 15; Hirohito, 1983: 21; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 40, figs 7–8; Gili et al., 1989: 73, fig. 3B; El Beshbeeshy 1991: 84, fig. 20; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 55; Cornelius 1995a: 261, fig. 60; Hirohito 1995 (English text): 126, fig. 36A–C, pl. 8 fig. A; Schuchert, 2000: 413; 2001a: 67, figs 54, 55; 2003: 157, fig. 16; Watson, 2003: 157, fig. 7A–E; Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003: 62, fig. 8E–H; Bouillon et al., 2004: 157, figs 84K, 85A–D; Peña Cantero et al., 2004: 2291, fig. 6F; Vervoort, 2006: 232; Peña Cantero, 2006: 935, fig. 3A.</p> <p>Lafoea gracillima: Hartlaub, 1901: 358, figs 1–3; 1905: 594, fig. P 2; Billard, 1914: 10; Stechow, 1919: 81; Ralph 1958: 310, figs 1Y, 2A–C; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 15; Calder, 1970: 1525, pl. 5 fig. 5; Leloup, 1974: 10.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 02 —22.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S96: one sterile colony, 3.5 cm high. Stn. COM 07 —25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S20: a small, sterile colony, 0.9 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53174). Stn. COM 08 —18.i.2006, 18– 22 m, S93: three sterile colonies 2.5, 3.0 and 8.0 cm high, respectively (MHNG INVE 53339). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87a: several colonies, about 3–4 cm high, and smaller fragments, one of them with coppinia, epizoic on gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53307). Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: several fertile colonies and fragments, up to 10.5 cm high. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S124 (20 m): four sterile fragments, 1.5–2.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53385); S109 (15–25 m): one sterile colony, 2.7 cm high; S142 (15–25 m): one sterile colony, 6 cm high, on hexacoralian and bivalve shell; S105 (15–25 m): two sterile colonies, both 2.3 cm in height; S86a (15–25 m): one sterile colony, 5.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53303).</p> <p>Type locality. Arbroath, Angus, Scotland.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material agrees perfectly with the description of this species given by Vervoort (1972a). Several fertile colonies were found at Stn. CCA (S87) and Stn. CFA (S88).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia muscoides (M. Sars, 1846); Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905; Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Hebella striata Allman, 1888; Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876; Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876; Halopteris schucherti Galea, 2006; Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900).</p> <p>Distribution. Near-cosmopolitan, being widely distributed in Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, penetrating both in Arctic and Antarctic regions (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previously reported from Golfo de Ancud, Strait of Magellan (Leloup 1974), and Trinidad Channel (Hartlaub 1905). The present material was collected roughly between 42°10' S and 52°10' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF73FFB6FF0EF9CE9F89F8A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF71FFB5FF0EFF1A9F4EFAD2.text	7F5A8787BF71FFB5FF0EFF1A9F4EFAD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebella dispolians (Warren 1909)	<div><p>Hebella cf. dispolians (Warren, 1909)</p> <p>(fig. 11F, table 14)</p> <p>Lafoea dispolians Warren, 1909: 105, pl. 1 figs 1–2</p> <p>Hebella dispolians: Millard, 1975: 180, fig. 59E; Boero et al., 1997: 14, fig. 6. Material examined. Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 12 m, S146: several hydrothecae, without gonothecae, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53461).</p> <p>Type locality. Isipingo, Natal, India.</p> <p>Description. Most probably a parasitic species, with hydrorhiza penetrating into the perisarc of its host, i.e. Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Most often, only the distal part of the hydrothecae arise from the hydrothecal openings of the host; occasionally, the hydrotheca is entirely exposed and a pedicel of variable length (but always shorter than hydrotheca itself) may be observed. Hydrothecae tubular, with thick perisarc, becoming thinner towards distal end; perisarc smooth to slightly undulated, especially in middle part of hydrotheca. Rim circular, even, not everted. No diaphragm has been observed at base of hydrotheca. Hydranth with 10–12 filiform tentacles. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material closely resembles Millard’s (1975) description of this species from South Africa, particularly in growth habit and in the shape and dimensions of the hydrothecae. The gonotheca of H. dispolians still remain to be discovered, and Boero et al. (1997) kept the species provisionally valid until the knowledge of its reproduction is elucidated.</p> <p>World distribution. India (Warren 1909), South Africa (Millard 1975).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was found at Isla Camello; it is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF71FFB5FF0EFF1A9F4EFAD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF71FFB4FF0EFA3F9838FB42.text	7F5A8787BF71FFB4FF0EFA3F9838FB42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebella striata Allman 1888	<div><p>Hebella striata Allman, 1888</p> <p>(fig. 11G, table 15)</p> <p>Hebella striata Allman, 1888: 30, pl. 15 figs 3, 3a; Hartlaub, 1905: 587, fig. K 2; Vanhöffen, 1910: 272; Billard, 1914: 9; Vervoort, 1972a: 62, fig. 17B–C; Leloup, 1974: 9, fig. 6; Millard, 1977: 14; Stepanjants, 1979: 54, pl. 9 fig. 8A–B; El Beshbeeshy 1991: 59, fig. 12; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1996: 21, fig. 3A–E; Boero et al., 1997: 8, fig. 1; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 65, fig. 7L–N.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 02 —06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis, with some hydrothecae arising from hydrothecae of the host; S78: a sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53276). Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S90: a colony with rare hydrothecae, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: a sterile colony, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias (MHNG INVE 53323). Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: several hydrothecae, without gonothecae, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 11 m, S115: several hydrothecae, without gonothecae, epizoic on Grammaria abietina (MHNG INVE 53369). Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S142: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus and Lafoea dumosa.</p> <p>Type locality. Puerto Hambre (Port Famine), Strait of Magellan.</p> <p>Remarks. For a description of this species see Vervoort (1972a). All the present material is sterile. The hydrothecae have numerous transverse striae on their entire length, although Vervoort (1972a) reported a variable degree of striation, usually with the apical fourth of the hydrothecal wall smooth. Gonothecae of H. striata have been described by Hartlaub (1905), who also reported the presence of medusa buds. This species may occasionally have a parasitic habit: El Beshbeeshy (1991) figured hydrothecae of H. striata arising from the hydrothecal openings of Symplectoscyphus sp. A similar situation was observed here in sample S81, where the species occured on S. filiformis.</p> <p>World distribution. Hebella striata is both a sub-Antarctic and Antarctic species, and was recorded from Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, Strait of Magellan, Peninsula Valdés, Kerguelen and Crozet Islands and Antarctica (Vervoort 1972 a, Millard 1977).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from Golfo de Ancud, Canal Calbuco (Leloup 1974), Smythe’s Channel, Long Island and Puerto Hambre (Hartlaub 1905). The present records extend roughly from 43°50' S to 52°10' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF71FFB4FF0EFA3F9838FB42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF70FFB3FF0EFA309958F859.text	7F5A8787BF70FFB3FF0EFA309958F859.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium beanii (Johnston 1838)	<div><p>Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838)</p> <p>(fig. 12A–D, table 16)</p> <p>Thoa beanii Johnston, 1838: 120, pl. 7 figs 1–2.</p> <p>Halecium beani (i): Hincks, 1868: 224, pl. 34 fig 2; Hartlaub, 1905: 604, figs A 3 –B 3; Fraser, 1912: 366, fig. 27; Stechow, 1919: 33; 1923: 5; Fraser, 1944: 186, pl. 33 fig. 160; Vervoort, 1959: 224, fig. 6; Ralph, 1958: 332, fig. 10A–B, E– K; Vervoort, 1966: 103, fig. 3; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 12; Naumov, 1969: 483, fig. 336; Vervoort, 1972a: 30, figs 6–7; Leloup, 1974: 10, fig. 7; Millard, 1975: 144, fig. 47A–E; Blanco, 1976: 30, pl. 1 figs 4–7; Stepanjants, 1979: 108, pl. 16 fig. 6; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 23, fig. 4A–B; Ramil Blanco &amp; Iglesias Dias, 1988: 71, fig. 1; Gili et al. 1989: 77, fig. 7A; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 29, fig. 3; Cornelius, 1995a: 276, fig. 62; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 17, fig. 3D–F, pl. 1, fig. A; Ramil et al., 1998b: 7; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 8, fig. 1; Schuchert, 2000: 413; 2001a: 73, fig. 59; Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003: 86, fig. 15D–H; Bouillon et al., 2004: 139, fig. 73F–J; Schuchert, 2005: 615, figs 5–6; Vervoort, 2006: 252.</p> <p>Halecium beanei: Stechow, 1919: 33.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 01 —08.iii.2005, 10– 15 m, S19: six stems, 3–4 cm high, some fertile, with male gonophores, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53173).</p> <p>Type locality. Near Scarborough, Yorkshire, England.</p> <p>Description. Colonies 3–4 cm high, arising from encrusting hydrorhiza; stem slightly polysiphonic basally, grading to monosiphonic distally; stem markedly geniculate with short internodes delimited by transverse to slightly oblique nodes; perisarc reatively thick and slightly brown in color. Internodes with distal hydrotheca, alternately placed left and right, rim not surpassing distal node. Branches irregularly alternate, borne on short stem apophyses situated below stem hydrothecae; structure of branches similar to that of stem; perisarc of branches becoming thinner towards tips. Cauline hydrothecae with thin walls, contrasting with thick perisarc of rest of caulus. Primary hydrothecae borne on short hydrophores, held oblique to main axis of internode. Hydrotheca shallow, walls slightly diverging distally, aperture rounded, rim even, opening plane of hydrotheca inclined; desmocytes visible as numerous refringent nodules. No secondary hydrophores have been observed in present material. Male gonophores present in some colonies: club-shaped, walls nearly parallel, distal part rounded, base tapering abruptly; borne on short pedicel inserted below hydrotheca.</p> <p>Remarks. Both H. beanii and H. halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758) were reported from the Pacific (see Schuchert 2005). Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) pointed out that both species can be securely separated only in the presence of female gonothecae. Cornelius (1995a) showed that sterile material is still distinguishable based on the general shape of old colonies, which are regularly pinnate in H. halecinum and irregularly branched in H. beanii. However, Schuchert (2005) found some exceptions for H. halecinum, but recognized that the pinnate colony form is certainly diagnostic of this species.</p> <p>The present specimens have irregularly branched colonies and fit well with the available descriptions of H. beanii (Vervoort 1972a, Schuchert 2005). Moreover, only H. beanii has been previously reported from Chile (Hartlaub 1905, Leloup 1974).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876.</p> <p>World distribution. Cosmopolitan, penetrating well into the Arctic Ocean and the coasts of Patagonia, but not into the Antarctic (Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records of this species are from Golfo Corcovado (Jäderholm 1905), Canal Beagle (Jäderholm 1910), Golfo de Ancud and Seno Reloncavi (Leloup 1974). The present material was found at only one station, Melinka, Guaitecas Archipelago.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF70FFB3FF0EFA309958F859	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF76FFB0FF0EFF1A9901FD64.text	7F5A8787BF76FFB0FF0EFF1A9901FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey 1876	<div><p>Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876</p> <p>(fig. 12E–J, table 17)</p> <p>Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876a: 299; 1876b: 26, pl. 3 figs 4–5; Hartlaub, 1905: 613: fig. L 3; Ralph, 1958: 334, figs 11E, H–N, 12A–P; Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 94, fig. 16; Vervoort, 1972a: 27, figs 4–5; Leloup, 1974: 10; Millard, 1975: 145, fig. 47F–L; 1977: 7, fig. 1C–D; Stepanjants, 1979: 105, pl. 20 fig. 4A–B; Hirohito, 1983: 11; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 25, fig. 5; Ramil Blanco &amp; Iglesias Dias, 1988: 72, fig. 2; Gili et al., 1989: 78, fig. 7B; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 32, fig. 4A–B; Genzano &amp; Zamponi, 1992: 40, fig. 17; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 82, fig. 20A–C; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 20, fig. 5A–C, pl. 1 fig. C; Migotto, 1996: 30, fig 6D–E; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 12; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 63, fig. 12A–B; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 88, figs 15I–L, 16A–E; Bouillon et al., 2004: 140, fig. 74A–D; Schuchert, 2005: 629, fig. 12; Peña Cantero, 2006: 937, fig. 3C.</p> <p>Halecium flexile Allman, 1888: 11, pl. 5 figs 2, 2A; Hartlaub, 1905: 611, figs J 3 –K 3; Fraser, 1944: 192, pl. 35 fig. 169.</p> <p>? Halecium antarcticum Billard, 1914: 7, fig. 5. Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S80: several sterile colonies, up to 5 mm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis (MHNG INVE 53282). Stn. COM 02 —22.i. 2006, 15 m, S155: several small colonies, about 1 cm high, some bearing female gonophores; on polychaete tube (MHNG INVE 53479). Stn. COM 03 —25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S22: a small colony, about 1.5 cm high, with numerous male gonothecae, epizoic on stems of Hybocodon chilensis, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53175). Stn. MEL 01 —08.iii.2005, 10– 15 m, S19: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Halecium beanii (MHNG INVE 53172). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87h: several small, sterile colonies and fragments, up to 1 cm high, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa (MHNG INVE 53314). Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 20 m, S137: a small colony composed of several stems up to 7 mm high, one immature female gonotheca present, epizoic on Halopteris schucherti (MHNG INVE 53421). Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S169 (15 m): one large, polysiphonic colony, about 9 cm high, without gonothecae (MHNG INVE 53496); S129 (25 m): several sterile colonies, about 1 cm high, on brachiopod (MHNG INVE 53398); S142 (15–25 m): several polysiphonic colonies up to 4 cm high, all sterile; epizoic on Lafoea dumosa and Sertularella fuegonensis.</p> <p>Type locality. Upper Harbour, Dunedin, New Zealand.</p> <p>Remarks. For a recent redescription of this species, see Schuchert (2005). The variability and the synonymy of H. delicatulum were documented and discussed by Ralph (1958). Additional synonymy is available in Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000).</p> <p>Despite the lack of gonophores in several samples, the presence of a pseudodiaphragm, the everted hydrothecal rim and the quite long hydrophore, make it possible to assign the present material unambiguously to H. delicatulum. However, a pseudodiaphragm is variably present among the different samples examined; it is usually thicker on adcauline side. The present material occured generally as monosiphonic colonies; one polysiphonic specimen was found in sample S169. Male gonophores were abundant in sample S22, while several immature female gonophores were found in sample S155. The number of renovations of the hydrothecal rim is variable, between two (sample S22) and four (sample S19).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900).</p> <p>World distribution. Circumglobal in tropical, subtropical, boreal waters (Peña Cantero, 2006).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from the Strait of Magellan, Punta Arenas, Puerto del Hambre (Hartlaub 1905), Tocopilla, and north of the Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected between 43°10' S and 52°10' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF76FFB0FF0EFF1A9901FD64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF74FFBEFF0EFC979AC3F844.text	7F5A8787BF74FFBEFF0EFC979AC3F844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium fjordlandicum Galea 2007	<div><p>Halecium fjordlandicum sp. nov.</p> <p>(fig. 13A–D, pl. 2C–I, table 18)</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 20– 23 m, S95: one sterile colony, less than 1 cm high, on tunicate (MHNG INVE 53342). Stn. COM 10 —22.i.2006, 15– 20 m, S162: several sterile stems and fragments, up to 4 cm high (MHNG INVE 53487). Stn. COM 13 —25.i.2006, 25– 32 m, S94, holotype: several sterile stems and fragments, up to 4 cm high, on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53340).</p> <p>Type locality. Punta Gruesa, fjord Comau, Chile.</p> <p>Description. Colonies up to 4 cm high; stem slightly polysiphonic basally, grading rapidly to monosiphonic; divided into long internodes by slightly oblique nodes; perisarc relatively thin and transparent. Internodes slightly curving, giving the stem a slightly geniculate appearance; each internode with a distal hydrotheca, alternately disposed left and right and slightly pointing forward; hydrotheca shallow, borne on short hydranthophore oblique to main axis of internode; walls slightly diverging distally; rim of hydrotheca generally not surpassing level of distal node; circular, even, opening plane inclined; desmocytes visible as refringent nodules. Side branches generally alternate, borne on quite long stem apophyses originating below stem hydrothecae, the latter becoming thus axillar; structure of branches similar to that of caulus. Renovations present in some hydrothecae, with most often only one renovation, but up to 3 sometimes observed; secondary hydrothecae borne on quite long hydrophores, basal part of secondary hydrophore with a kink. Hydranths with 22–26 filiform tentacles. Gonothecae not found. Cnidome (plate 2F–I):</p> <p>a) large macrobasic mastigophores, in a sheath around middle part of hydranth body, undischarged (15.2– 16.2) x (7.1–7.6) µm, discharged (12.6–13.6) x (5.2–6.0) µm, shaft more than 10 times longer than exploded capsule;</p> <p>b) small microbasic mastigophores on tentacles, undischarged (6.3–6.8) x (1.8–2.1) µm, discharged (5.2– 5.8) x (1.6–1.8) µm.</p> <p>Remarks. Halecium fjordlandicum shares several characteristics with H. halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758), i.e. the mode of branching, the uniformity in length of internodes within a colony, the shape and position of hydrothecae and their corresponding hydrophores. However, the cnidome is different in the two species (see Schuchert 2005), and only H. fjordlandicum possesses a sheath of large macrobasic mastigophores on the hydranth body.</p> <p>Etymology. Named after the geographic area of occurrence, i.e. the fjords region of southern Chile.</p> <p>Records from Chile. This rare species was found only three times in fjord Comau, where extensive hydroid samplings were undertaken. However, its occurence along the coast of southern Chile is entirely plausible.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF74FFBEFF0EFC979AC3F844	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF79FFBCFF0EFA489ACBFD12.text	7F5A8787BF79FFBCFF0EFA489ACBFD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella argentinica El Beshbeeshy 1991	<div><p>Sertularella argentinica El Beshbeeshy, 1991</p> <p>(fig. 14A–C, table 20)</p> <p>Sertularella argentinica El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 151, fig. 37.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 01 —08.iii.2005, 10– 15 m, S76: one sterile colony, 8 cm high, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53268).</p> <p>Type locality. Atlantic coast of South America, roughly between 40°52'– 53°27' S, 56°42'– 66°15' W.</p> <p>Description. One colony ca 8 cm high, arising from rhizoid stolon. Perisarc relatively thick, brown to dark-brown. Colony strongly polysiphonic basally, grading rapidly to monosiphonic in upper part. Stem and branches delimited into internodes by oblique nodes, more visible in older parts of colony and only slightly marked or quite invisible in younger parts. Longitudinal axis of stem and branches straight. Internodes relatively short, as long as adnate part of adcauline side of hydrotheca, or shorter. Branches with origins below stem hydrothecae, these becoming axillar; branches arising in a quite regular manner, every 2 or 3 hydrothe- cae, alternately left and right, in one plane. With up to 3 rd order branches. Hydrothecae tubular, abcauline wall slightly concave to nearly straight. Free adcauline wall generally shorter than its corresponding adnate part; concave, surface smooth or slightly undulated. Perisarc of ab- and adcauline sides equally developed. Hydrothecal margin with four cusps, with rounded tips; abcauline and adcauline cusps equal in length, longer than laterals, and slightly everted. Embayments of margin shallow, each provided with a triangular flap, with concentric striation from tip to base. Hydrothecal rim with generally 1 or 2 closely-spaced renovations. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The gonothecae of S. argentinica have been described by El Beshbeeshy (1991).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876; Symplectoscyphus filiformis (Allman, 1888).</p> <p>World distribution. Probably endemic to Patagonia, previously found along the Atlantic coasts of Argentina (El Beshbeeshy 1991).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material, from northwest of Melinka, represents the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF79FFBCFF0EFA489ACBFD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF78FFBAFF0EFAEF9899FC04.text	7F5A8787BF78FFBAFF0EFAEF9899FC04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella fuegonensis El Beshbeeshy 1991	<div><p>Sertularella fuegonensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991</p> <p>(fig. 14D–F, table 21)</p> <p>Sertularella fuegonensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 163, fig. 41.</p> <p>Sertularella picta: Vervoort, 1972a: 114, fig. 35A–B (not figs 34, 35C).</p> <p>Sertularella fuegonesis: Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 161, fig. 37A–B.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S142 (15–25 m): several sterile fragments, up to 6 cm high (MHNG INVE 53441); S143 (15 m): one colony ca 6 cm high, and smaller fragments, all sterile (MHNG INVE 53447).</p> <p>Type locality. Atlantic coast of South America, roughly between 41°37'– 53°27' S, 58°46'– 68°13' W.</p> <p>Description. Colonies arising from a rhizoid stolon; monosiphonic throughout. Perisarc relatively thick and transparent. Stem and branches slightly geniculate; divided into internodes by weak, oblique constrictions of perisarc, sloping in alternate directions. Internodes relatively short, about the length of hydrotheca; internodes slightly longer on side branches than on caulus. Stem irregularly branched, with side branches arising every 1 to 10 hydrothecae; branches directed upwards and originating below stem hydrothecae, the latter thus becoming axillar; side branches generally alternate. First internode of side branch longer than others. Hydrothecae biseriate, alternately directed left and right, coplanar. Basal part of hydrotheca obviously swollen on adcauline side; with sub-terminal constriction. Free adcauline wall S-shaped; surface smooth, sometimes slightly undulated; longer than adnate part. Hydrothecal aperture facing upwards. Perisarc of abcauline side thicker than on adcauline side, and more thickened at rim. Hydrothecal margin with four unequally developed cusps, with abcauline longest the adcauline shortest and two laterals of intermediate length. Marginal cusps with pointed tips, separated by deep, rounded embayments. Three internal projection of perisarc are visible just below hydrothecal aperture: one well-developed on abcauline side and two slightly visible laterally. Hydrothecal rim with up to 4 closely-spaced renovations. Margin provided with four triangular flaps; each renovation of margin with its own triangular flap, so that several piled up flaps per embayment present. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The gonotheca of this species still remains to be discovered.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859; Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876; Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900).</p> <p>World distribution. Tierra del Fuego (Vervoort 1972a, El Beshbeeshy 1991), New Zealand (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was present at only one station, from Canal Vicuña, in material examined here. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF78FFBAFF0EFAEF9899FC04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF7EFFB9FF0EF9FF9992FD7C.text	7F5A8787BF7EFFB9FF0EF9FF9992FD7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux 1821)	<div><p>Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821)</p> <p>Sertularia Gayi Lamouroux, 1821: 12, pl. 66 figs 8–9.</p> <p>Sertularella Gayi: Hincks, 1868: 237, fig. 29, pl. 46 fig. 2.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi: Nutting, 1904: 78, pl. 14 figs 1–7; Stechow, 1919: 89; Hargitt, 1924: 495, pl. 5 fig. 21; Fraser, 1944: 262, pl. 56 fig. 248; Vervoort, 1959: 273, figs 33B–C, 34B; Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 86; Vervoort, 1966: 127, fig. 30; Hirohito, 1983: 44; Ramil et al., 1992: 496, figs 1A, 2–3; Cornelius, 1995b: 71, fig. 16; Schuchert, 2001a: 98, fig. 83A–B; Bouillon et al., 2004: 181, figs 99F–I, 100A.</p> <p>? Sertularella gayi: Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 192, fig. 63A–B.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi gayi: Vervoort, 1972a: 116, fig. 36A–B; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 219, fig. 61A–E; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 40, figs 10–11; Ramil et al., 1998a: 198; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 162, fig. 37C–J; Vervoort, 2006: 267.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi f. gayi: Ralph, 1961a: 833, fig. 24D–F.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi var. gayi: Stepanjants, 1979: 87, pl. 16 fig. 4A–B.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi robusta: Vervoort, 1972a: 118, fig. 36C–D.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 11 —20.xii. 2004, 22 m, S18: one sterile colony, 9 cm high, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53171). Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 25 m, S114: several sterile fragments, 1.2–3.4 cm high (MHNG INVE 53368). Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 18 m, S120: one colony, 5 cm high, and smaller fragments, all sterile (MHNG INVE 53377).</p> <p>Type locality. Passage de la Déroute, near Pirou, Channel coast of the Cotentin Peninsula, France.</p> <p>Remarks. Although all the present material is relatively scarce and sterile, the presence of a few (between 1-3) secondary tubes (but no branches) creeping on the main stem, suggests that it belongs to Sertularella gayi.</p> <p>World distribution. Widely distributed in the Atlantic and the northern Pacific (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). Recorded from the Magellan region, although apparently absent from Antarctic waters (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 1999).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previously unrecorded, but present at least along the coasts of southern Chile, between 42°23' S and 49°11' S. This is the first record for Chile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF7EFFB9FF0EF9FF9992FD7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF7DFFB8FF0EFCDA9ACBFDC4.text	7F5A8787BF7DFFB8FF0EFCDA9ACBFDC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella jorgensis El Beshbeeshy 1991	<div><p>Sertularella jorgensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991</p> <p>(fig. 14G, H, table 22)</p> <p>Sertularella jorgensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 171, fig. 43. Material examined. Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S45: one colony composed of 2 erect stems, one with 3 hydrothecae, the other with 10 hydrothecae and about 1.2 cm high; two sessile hydrothecae also present on stolon (MHNG INVE 53215); all material sterile; on stems of Hybocodon chilensis.</p> <p>Type locality. Atlantic coast of South America, roughly between 41°27'– 56°57' S, 54°06'– 62°45' W.</p> <p>Description. Stolon creeping on stems of Hybocodon chilensis. Colony composed of two small, erect stems of 3 and 10 hydrothecae, respectively, and two hydrothecae arising from stolon (probably the mostbasal hydrothecae of two young stems). Colony monosiphonic and unbranched. Stems slightly zigzag, divided into internodes by means of weak, oblique constrictions of perisarc. Internodes long, straight, slender, longer in basal part than in proximal of stem. Hydrothecae biseriate, alternate and coplanar; tubular or nearly tubular, with ad- and abcauline walls nearly parallel. Abcauline side straight or slightly concave. Free adcauline part straight, with wavy surface (3–4 undulations), longer than adnate part. Rim somewhat everted, composed of four marginal, pointed cusps, delimiting four moderately deep, rounded embayments. Closing apparatus composed of four triangular flaps with concentric striation. No internal submarginal perisarc projections. Periderm transparent, thicker in basal part of colony. All hydranths retracted inside their corresponding hydrothecae; on abcauline side a digestive caecum seems to be present. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The gonothecae of this species are still unknown.</p> <p>World distribution. Probably endemic to Patagonia, previously found on the Atlantic coast of Argentina (El Beshbeeshy 1991).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected from Canal Farquhar. This is the first record for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF7DFFB8FF0EFCDA9ACBFDC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF7CFFC7FF0EFD12997AF873.text	7F5A8787BF7CFFC7FF0EFD12997AF873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>(fig. 15A–D, table 23)</p> <p>Sertularia polyzonias Linnaeus, 1758: 813.</p> <p>Sertularella polyzonias: Hincks, 1868: 235, pl. 46 fig. 1; Nutting, 1904: 90, pl. 21 figs 1–2; Hartlaub, 1905: 655, figs T 4 –U 4; Stechow, 1919: 89; Fraser, 1944: 268, pl. 58 fig. 258; Picard, 1951: 347; Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 87; Naumov, 1969: 363, fig. 226; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 18; Calder, 1970: 1528, pl. 6 figs 3–5; Leloup, 1974: 32, fig. 26; Calder, 1975: 307, fig. 5C; Millard, 1975: 299; Ramil et al., 1992: 500, figs 1B, 4, 5; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 225, fig. 63A–B; Cornelius, 1995b: 74, fig. 17; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 179, fig. 45; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 199, fig. 65D; Calder, 1997: 88; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 47, fig. 13; Schuchert, 2001a: 100, fig. 84; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 134, fig. 25F–H; Bouillon et al., 2004: 182, fig. 100E–I; Vervoort, 2006: 268.</p> <p>Sertularella gayi: García-Corrales et al., 1980: 33, fig. 11.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 03 —25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S69: several fertile colonies and fragments, up to 5.5 cm high, on polychaete tube, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53256). Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 20– 23 m, S95: several sterile stems, 4–5 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53344). Stn. COM 07 —25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S47: four sterile fragments, 2.5–5.5 cm high, 1 slide (MHNG INVE 53220). Stn. COM 11 —11.ix. 2004, 26 m, S14: one colony and a fragment, 8 and 5.5 cm high, respectively, both with many gonothecae, and additional smaller, sterile fragments, on rock (MHNG INVE 53167); 27.i.2006, 17– 23 m, S97: several sterile fragments, up to 1.8 cm high. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, 10– 30 m, S88: several fertile fragments, 3–4 cm high (MHNG INVE 53325).</p> <p>Type locality. Likely unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. This well-known species needs no additional comment. For recent redescriptions see Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and Cornelius (1995b).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Eudendrium cf. scotti Puce, Cerrano &amp; Bavestrello, 2002; Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Hebella striata Allman, 1888; Halecium sp.; Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>World distribution. This is a cosmopolitan species (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records of S. polyzonias are from the Canal Trinidad, Punta Arenas, Strait of Magellan, Juan Fernández (Hartlaub 1905), Seno Reloncavi and Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected between 42°10' S and 49°11' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF7CFFC7FF0EFD12997AF873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF02FFC6FF0EFF1A98CEF82A.text	7F5A8787BF02FFC6FF0EFF1A98CEF82A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella robusta Coughtrey 1876	<div><p>Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876</p> <p>(fig. 15E–I, tables 24, 25)</p> <p>Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876a: 300; Totton, 1930: 195; Ralph, 1961a: 824, fig. 22A–D; Vervoort, 1972a: 129, figs 40, 41A; Leloup, 1974: 33, fig. 27; Blanco, 1976: 42, pl. 4 figs 1–3; Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977: 40, figs 18–22; García-Corrales et al., 1980: 43, fig. 14; Hirohito, 1983: 46, fig. 19; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 182, fig. 46; Vervoort, 1993: 264; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 200, fig. 65E–F; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 172, figs 39F, 40A–F.</p> <p>Sertularella microtheca Leloup, 1974: 30, fig. 24.</p> <p>? Sertularella sp. 3 Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 88, fig. 11.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 01 —08.iii.2005, 10– 15 m, S76: a small, sterile colony, creeping on Sertularella argentinica; S23: one sterile, erect stem, 1.2 cm high (MHNG INVE 53177). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa. Stn. AIN — 11.iii. 2006, 25 m, S111: stolonal colony, epizoic on Synthecium robustum (MHNG INVE 53361). Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 12 m, S146: stolonal, sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: one fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp. Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: numerous fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53503). Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 24 m, S121: one sterile, stolonal colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus.</p> <p>Type locality. Foveaux Strait oyster bank, New Zealand.</p> <p>Remarks. For a complete description of this species, see Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977). A more recent description is found in Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003), based on New Zealand material.</p> <p>I have followed El Beshbeeshy’s (1991) opinion by referring Sertularella microtheca Leloup, 1974 to the synonymy of S. robusta Coughtrey, 1876, due to morphological similarities and dimensions of hydrothecae. Note that the only small gonotheca observed by Leloup (1974) was probably a young gonotheca; it had six distinct transverse annulations and four small projections of perisarc around the aperture, which is a characteristic of the gonotheca of S. robusta. Comparison of measurements between Leloup’s (1974) material and the present specimens is given in table 25.</p> <p>The present material from Chile is composed either of exclusively stolonal colonies or small, erect stems bearing up to 16 hydrothecae, or a combination of the two. The three characteristic plate-shaped, internal projections of perisarc below the hydrothecal aperture (one abcauline and two laterals) are an omnipresent trait in all specimens.</p> <p>The number of external transverse rings on hydrothecae is quite variable in this species. In New Zealand material, Ralph (1961a) found specimens with 3–4 complete annulations, while Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) observed 5–7 rings. Three to four rings were observed as well by Hirohito (1995) in Japanese material. Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977) reported 5–6 rings in their material from French Polynesia. Hydrothecae of Chilean material are usually provided with 4–6 well-defined rings.</p> <p>The gonothecae of S. robusta have a variable number of transverse ribs: 5–8 in the present material, 3–4 in Ralph’s (1961a) material, 4–5 in Vervoort &amp; Watson’s (2003) material, and about eight in Vervoort &amp; Vasseur’s (1977) material.</p> <p>Some of the gonothecae in the Chilean material contain eggs, and others bear external acrocysts with about 10 developing embryos.</p> <p>Distribution. Nearly cosmopolitan, being recorded from southeastern and western Pacific, New Zealand, Australia, Indonesia, Japan (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003), Tierra del Fuego (Leloup 1974), French Polynesia (Vervoort &amp; Vasseur 1977).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Leloup’s (1974) Sertularella microtheca was collected from Canal Calbuco in the Golfo de Ancud; his material identified as S. robusta was also found in the Golfo de Ancud. The present material was collected between 43°50' S and 50°50' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF02FFC6FF0EFF1A98CEF82A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF00FFC3FF0EFF5F99A6FBA4.text	7F5A8787BF00FFC3FF0EFF5F99A6FBA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplectoscyphus filiformis (Allman 1888)	<div><p>Symplectoscyphus filiformis (Allman, 1888)</p> <p>(fig. 16A–I, table 26)</p> <p>Sertularia filiformis Allman, 1888: 51, pl. 24 fig. 1.</p> <p>Sertularella filiformis: Nutting, 1904: 97, pl. 23 figs 1–3; Hartlaub, 1905: 636, fig. B 4. Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, S80 (13–20 m): several fertile colonies, up to 7.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53283). S77 (20 m): several fertile colonies, about 3.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53272). Stn. COM 02 —12.i.2005, 12.5 m, S68: several sterile fragments, up to 3 cm high, on rock. Stn. COM 03 — 25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S70: several colonies and fragments, up to 5 cm high, all sterile (MHNG INVE 53257); S63: several sterile fragments, up to 4 cm high, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53245); S65: several sterile colonies, about 4 cm high, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53249). Stn. COM 05 —15.xi. 2001, 20 m, S71: numerous sterile fragments, about 3 cm high, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53259). Stn. COM 07 —20.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S167: several sterile fragments, up to 4.5 cm high. Stn. COM 08 —25.xii. 2004, 7 m, S67: several fertile colonies, 6–7 cm high, 4 slides (MHNG INVE 53251). Stn. COM 09 —04.v. 2005, 38 m, S33: several fertile colonies and fragments, up to 6 cm high (MHNG INVE 53195). Stn. MEL 01 —08.iii.2005, 10– 15 m, S75: one sterile colony, 3.5 cm high, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53266); S76: one sterile colony, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Sertularella argentinica (MHNG INVE 53270). Stn. MEL 02 —06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: several colonies about 7 cm high, mostly sterile, but few gonothecae present in some parts. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S82: several fertile colonies, up to 7.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53293); S90: several sterile colonies, mostly fragmentary, up to 2.5 cm high.</p> <p>Type locality. Puerto Hambre (Port Famine), Patagonia, Chile.</p> <p>Description. Bushy colonies arising from a rhizoid stolon, firmly attached to substrate; erect, monosiphonic, up to 7 cm high, branched in one plane; transparent to white in color. Dense assemblages generally composed of numerous colonies developing in parallel planes and interconnected by branches anastomosed at their tips. Branching pseudodichotomous, each branch arising generally every 2 or 3 consecutive hydrothecae. Stem and branches delimited into internodes by weak constrictions of perisarc above each hydrotheca; in some parts of colonies these may become invisible. Internodes long and straight. Branches inserted laterally below stem hydrothecae, thus becoming axillar and introducing a bend in longitudinal axis of stem, giving it a zigzag appearance; the situation is similar for the side branches which branch again. Hydrothecae biseriate, alternate, in same plane. Hydrotheca best described as tubular, with ad- and abcauline walls quite parallel. Free part of adcauline wall straight; length same as adnate part. Abcauline wall convex, with inflexion point in middle. Rim with three rounded cusps (one adcauline and two laterals) delimited by three relatively shallow embayments; 1–4 renovations present. Closing apparatus composed of three triangular flaps. Foramen visible below hydrothecal base. In some hydrothecae, an oblique septum present. Gonothecae numerous in some colonies, arising below hydrotheca; with 7–9 transverse frills, not spirally disposed; perisarc between frills with longitudinal striations; adnate part of gonotheca flattened. Terminal tube cylindrical, sometimes with slight constriction in middle part, aperture round, at end of tube. Gonothecal contents not seen, all gonothecae empty. Gonotheca male = female?</p> <p>Remarks. The size of gonothecae and their number of frills is variable among colonies. The distinctive trait of this species is the presence of a cylindrical, narrow, terminal tube. In some cases, the gonothecae of S. subdichotomus (Kirchenpauer, 1884) may closely resemble those of S. filiformis (see Blanco 1969).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Phialella cf. quadrata (Forbes, 1848); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Hebella striata Allman, 1888; Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876; Campanularia cf. hincksii Alder, 1856; Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900); Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910); Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>World distribution. Probably endemic to Chilean Patagonia (Hartlaub 1905).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Symplectoscyphus filiformis was previously reported from Puerto Hambre (Hartlaub 1905). The present material was collected between 42°09' S and 43°56' S, the latter latitude being probably the most southerly limit for this species along the Chilean coast.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF00FFC3FF0EFF5F99A6FBA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF07FFC1FF0EFBF29E67FB1C.text	7F5A8787BF07FFC1FF0EFBF29E67FB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplectoscyphus magellanicus (Marktanner-Turneretscher 1890)	<div><p>Symplectoscyphus magellanicus (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890)</p> <p>(fig. 16J–L, table 27)</p> <p>Calyptothuiaria magellanica Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890: 244, pl. 5 fig. 7.</p> <p>Symplectoscyphus magellanicus: Vervoort, 1972a: 158, figs 51A–C, 52, 53.</p> <p>Sertularella magellanica: Hartlaub, 1905: 637, fig. C 4; Stepanjants, 1979: 82, pl. 14 fig. 3A–B.</p> <p>Sertularella affinis Hartlaub, 1900: 43, fig. 5; 1905: 632, figs X 3, Y 3.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 18 m, S133: one sterile colony, 6.5 cm high, on sponge (MHNG INVE 53410).</p> <p>Type locality. Strait of Magellan (no exact locality).</p> <p>Description. One erect colony, 6.5 cm high; slightly polysiphonic basally, becoming monosiphonic</p> <p>toward middle part; stem not ramified. Colony pinnate, with main stem bearing regularly alternating side branches of same diameter and structure; stem axis slightly geniculate; side branches arising every three or more stem hydrothecae. Stem and branches divided into internodes by oblique, more or less deep, constrictions of perisarc; length of internodes varying considerably, in some parts of colony being short, long in others. Branches arising laterally below stem hydrothecae via short apophysis; a constriction of perisarc present between the apophysis and proximal end of branch. Side branches simple, rarely ramified, bearing up to 32 hydrothecae. Hydrothecae situated on distal part of internodes; biseriate, alternate and coplanar; tubular, with ad- and abcauline walls nearly parallel or slightly converging distally. Dimensions of hydrotheca extremely variable within same stem or branch. Free adcauline part as long as its corresponding adnate part or longer; wall straight or slightly convex; sometimes, surface with some indistinct undulations. Abcauline side convex, with inflexion point at middle, to nearly straight in some hydrothecae. Perisarc of abcauline wall thicker than on adcauline side. Rim slightly everted, especially on adcauline side; with no or rare, closely-spaced renovations; with three triangular cusps with pointed tips delimiting three relatively deep, rounded embayments. Closing apparatus composed of three triangular flaps, meeting centrally to form a low, pointed roof. Hydranths badly preserved, impossible to ascertain number of tentacles. Periderm yellowish. Gonothecae not found.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material agrees well with Vervoort’s (1972a) redescription of this species. However, the colonies from Vema were exclusively monosiphonic, while the present material from Chile is slightly polyphonic basally. Vervoort (1972a) described some colonies having all the side branches on one side of stem.</p> <p>Vervoort (1972a) synonymized Sertularella affinis Hartlaub, 1900 with S. magellanicus and this opinion is followed here.</p> <p>The gonothecae of S. magellanicus still remain to be discovered.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879).</p> <p>World distribution. Strait of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, Argentina (Vervoort 1972a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected from Canal Pitt Chico.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF07FFC1FF0EFBF29E67FB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF05FFCEFF0EFA80982BFC8C.text	7F5A8787BF05FFCEFF0EFA80982BFC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (Kirchenpauer 1884)	<div><p>Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (Kirchenpauer, 1884)</p> <p>(fig. 17A–G, table 28)</p> <p>Sertularella subdichotoma Kirchenpauer, 1884: 46, pl. 16 figs 1, 1B; Hartlaub, 1904: 6; Jäderholm, 1904a: 3; Nutting, 1904: 96, pl. 22 figs. 8–12; Hartlaub, 1905: 629, figs V 3 –W 3; Stepanjants, 1979: 77, pl. 17 fig. 7.</p> <p>Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus: Ralph, 1961a: 813, fig. 20A–B; Blanco, 1969: 49, figs 1–18; Vervoort, 1972a: 140, figs 44B–D, 45; Leloup, 1974: 42, fig. 40; Blanco, 1976: 49, pl.6 figs 1–2; Millard, 1977: 37, fig. 11D–F; Hirohito, 1983: 53, fig. 25; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 232, fig. 59; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 222, fig. 75A–E; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 234, figs 55F–H, 56A–F.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 02 – 06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S78: several sterile colonies and fragments, up to 5.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53277). Stn. ANI — 01.iv. 2005, 2 m, S24: several fertile colonies and fragments, up to 5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53179). Stn. IMI — 15.iii. 2006, 22 m, S141: several fertile colonies ca 3.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53435). Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 15 m, S113: several sterile, fragmentary colonies, up to 2 cm high. Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 12 m, S146: several fertile colonies, 2–3 cm high. Stn. PAB — 10.iii. 2006, 20 m, S85a: several fertile, fragmentary colonies, often less than 2 cm high (MHNG INVE 53300). Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: several mass-like colonies, 3–4 cm high, with gonothecae in some parts. Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 24 m, S121: small, sterile colony growing on basal part of a stem of Synthecium robustum. Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 11 m, S126: several fertile colonies, up to 3 cm high. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S112 (15 m): a sterile, fragmentary colony, up to 3 cm high (MHNG INVE 53364); S142 (15–25 m): several fertile, fragmentary colonies, about 3 cm high; S86 (15–25 m): several fertile colonies, 3–4 cm high.</p> <p>Type locality. Bass Strait, Australia.</p> <p>Description. Colonies erect, monosiphonic, up to 5 cm high, light brown in color. Colonies of varied appearance: smaller ones pinnately ramified, larger ones pseudodichotomously branched; colonies growing in parallel planes and often anastomosing by the tips of branches; generally strongly interwoven, with reticulate appearance. Stems bent in zigzag fashion. Stem and side branches divided into internodes by oblique constrictions of perisarc, more or less marked in various parts of colony; no distinct nodes; internodes of variable length. Side branches arising laterally below stem hydrothecae, becoming axillar. Hydrothecae tubular, with ad- and abaxial walls slightly converging distally. Adcauline side ca ½ adnate, wall of free part straight. Abcauline side convex, with distinct flexure point in middle part, to nearly straight in some hydrothecae. Rim with three triangular cusps (one adaxial, slightly upturned, and two laterals) with rounded tips, delimiting three relatively deep, rounded embayments. Operculum composed of three triangular flaps. Gonothecae borne on internodes just below hydrothecal base, attached via a short pedicel. Gonotheca elongated ovoid. Wall with 9–12 transverse frills of perisarc, not spirally disposed; with semi-circular space between successive frills; periderm longitudinally striated. Apex of gonotheca, a small platform with central funnel, constricted basally and widening distally below the rim. Gonothecal content not seen; male = female?</p> <p>Remarks. The shape of the terminal tube of the gonotheca is somewhat variable in different colonies, being obviously funnel-shaped in some specimens and nearly tubular in others, thus approaching the condition of S. filiformis. The variability in the morphology of gonotheca has been discussed in detail by Blanco (1969).</p> <p>Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) regarded as doubtful all previous records of this species from South America, yet cited the records of Leloup (1974) from Chile. Nevertheless, several authors (Nutting 1904, Ralph 1961 a, Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003) described in S. subdichotomus hydrothecae deeply immersed in the internode and with the free part of the adcauline side about half or less than that of the adnate part. Moreover, they described gonothecae as annulated rather feebly, with a distal flange-like, outer collar and a slender neck ending in a broad, rounded aperture. In some cases, both the collar and neck are absent, leaving only a broad aperture (Nutting 1904). The taxonomic status of S. subdichotomus must therefore be reevaluated.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Eudendrium cf. scotti Puce, Cerrano &amp; Bavestrello, 2002; Campanulina pumila (Clark, 1875); Phialella cf. quadrata (Forbes, 1848); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Hebella cf. dispolians (Warren, 1909); Hebella striata Allman, 1888; Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876; Parascyphus repens (Jäderholm, 1904); Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919); Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900); Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910); Clytia sp.; Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>World distribution. Australia, New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, Strait of Magellan, Cape Horn (Vervoort 1972a), Antarctica (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1999).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records of S. subdichotomus are from Corral, Calbuco, Guaitecas Islands, Canal Smyth, Strait of Magellan, Tocopilla, Canal Chacao, Seno Reloncavi, Golfo Corcovado (Leloup 1974), Punta Arenas (Hartlaub 1905). The present material was collected between 48°58' S and 52°09' S, and was never found north of Canal Messier.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF05FFCEFF0EFA80982BFC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF09FFCCFF0EFCE89AFCFE84.text	7F5A8787BF09FFCCFF0EFCE89AFCFE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parascyphus repens (Jaderholm 1904)	<div><p>Parascyphus repens (Jäderholm, 1904)</p> <p>(fig. 18A–D, table 30)</p> <p>Thyroscyphus repens Jäderholm, 1904b: 8; 1905: 19, pl. 7 figs 8–10.</p> <p>Parascyphus repens: Vervoort, 1972a: 95, fig. 28; Leloup, 1974: 25, fig. 20; Stepanjants, 1979: 61, pl. 10 fig. 3A–B; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 137, fig. 32.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144 (18 m): several sterile colonies, up to 7 mm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp.; S140 (0–20 m): one fertile colony, about 1 cm high, on algae and sponge (MHNG INVE 53433). Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: small colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus.</p> <p>Type locality. North Beagle Canal, south of Slogget Bay, Tierra del Fuego.</p> <p>Description. Colonies small (up to 1 cm high, rarely more), branched or unbranched, arising from a creeping stolon. Cauli monosiphonic, divided into successive internodes by means of transverse to slightly oblique nodes, not always distinctly marked. Internode ringed or wrinkled proximally; with distal apophysis supporting hydrotheca; apophyses alternately directed left and right. Branching of caulus occasional. Hydrothecae borne directly on stem apophyses or on several successive, short segments. Hydrotheca tubular, tapering basally, with almost straight abcauline wall and basally-swollen adcauline wall; margin with four triangular, pointed cusps; ad- and abcauline cusps smaller than laterals; closing apparatus composed of four triangular plates firmly attached to hydrothecal rim. Gonothecae borne on stem apophyses by means of short, ringed pedicels; large, ovoid, gradually narrowing towards base, apex provided with large, rounded aperture. Gonothecal contents badly preserved.</p> <p>Remarks. The number of segments which make the junction between stem apophyses and hydrothecae is quite variable. Vervoort (1972a), in his material from the Strait of Magellan and the Atlantic coast of South America, observed 1–3 such segments, while Leloup (1974) found up to 7 in his Chilean specimens. In present material, the hydrothecae are borne either directly on their corresponding stem apophyses (sample S144) or on up to 5 short, quadrangular segments (sample S140).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827).</p> <p>World distribution. Santa Cruz (Argentina), Strait of Magellan, and Atlantic coast between Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands (Vervoort 1972a), Crozet (Stepanjants 1979).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously recorded from both Canals Beagle and Chacao, Seno Reloncaví and Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material originates from both Canals Copihue and Pasaje.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF09FFCCFF0EFCE89AFCFE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF0FFFCAFF0EFB789F02F8A1.text	7F5A8787BF0FFFCAFF0EFB789F02F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synthecium robustum Nutting 1904	<div><p>Synthecium robustum Nutting, 1904</p> <p>(fig. 18E–J, table 31)</p> <p>Synthecium robustum Nutting, 1904: 136, pl. 41 figs 4–6; Hartlaub, 1905: 673, fig. H 5; Fraser, 1944: 236, pl. 49 fig. 221; Blanco, 1976: 51, pl. 6 figs 3–5, pl. 7 figs 1–3; Vervoort, 1972a: 193, figs 65, 66, 68A; Leloup, 1974: 24, fig. 19; Stepanjants, 1979: 101, pl. 16 fig 5A–B; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 121, fig. 28; Blanco et al., 2000b: 293, figs 17–19.</p> <p>Synthecium chilense Hartlaub, 1905: 671, figs E 5 –G 5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S2: eight fertile stems, up to 5.5 cm high, some poorly preserved, 1 slide (MHNG INVE 53155). Stn. AIN – 11.iii. 2006, 25 m, S111: one sterile colony, 3.1 cm high (MHNG INVE 53362). Stn. CCO — 09.iii.2006, S144 (18 m): several fertile fragments, abundantly overgrown by other hydroids; S140 (0–20 m): a poorly preserved colony, 3.5 cm high, with remnants of gonothecae. Stn. CPI — 07.iii.2006, S118 (20 m): one sterile colony, 7 cm high (MHNG INVE 53374); S121 (24 m): several sterile stems, up to 7.5 cm high, and smaller fragments (MHNG INVE 53378).</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.925/lat -52.683334)">Strait of Magellan</a>, 52°41' S, 69°55.5' W.</p> <p>Description. Stems erect, monosiphonic, unbranched, up to 7.5 cm high, arising from a creeping stolon. Stems compressed on both anterior and posterior sides. Most basal part undivided and generally devoid of hydrothecae or having several damaged hydrothecae and apophyses with broken branches; remainder of stem divided by transverse nodes into internodes, each with three pairs of hydrothecae and a pair of apophyses arising below second pair of hydrothecae. Up to 16 side branches per stem, borne on their corresponding stem apophyses; opposite and pinnately arranged in same plane. Stem and branches with hydrothecae in opposite pairs, forming two longitudinal rows. There is one unpaired hydrotheca in proximal part of each side branch, followed by first pair of subopposite hydrothecae; next pairs opposite; up to 9 pairs per branch. Hydrothecae partly embedded in hydrocaulus; cylindrical, distal part curving outwards (angle of opening at about 45°); hydrothecal rim lower on lateral sides, circular, slightly everted, renovation of margin very frequent. Gonothecae arising directly from aperture of most basal stem hydrothecae and borne on short pedicel; pear-shaped, with up to 9 deep, transversal ridges in distal part, slightly marked towards basal part; gonothecal aperture circular. Gonothecae generally empty, no intact contents have been seen.</p> <p>Remarks. I follow Vervoort (1972a) by including Synthecium chilense Hartlaub, 1905 in the synonymy of S. robustum Nutting, 1904.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Eudendrium cf. nambuccense Watson, 1985; Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876; Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (Kirchenpauer, 1884); Symplectoscyphus sp.</p> <p>World distribution. Argentina, Strait of Magellan, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica (Vervoort 1972a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previously reported from Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905), Golfo de Ancud and Seno Reloncavi (Leloup 1974). The present material was found roughly between 43°10' S and 50°50' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF0FFFCAFF0EFB789F02F8A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFF709BE8FD02.text	7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFF709BE8FD02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris enersis Galea 2006	<div><p>Halopteris enersis Galea, 2006</p> <p>Halopteris enersis Galea, 2006a: 58, figs 1–5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S73: several sterile cormoids, 1–4 cm high, on gorgonian (MHNG INVE 38145). Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 33 m, S136: several stems and fragments, up to 4 cm high, all sterile; on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53418).</p> <p>Type locality. Canal Farquhar, Chile.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was recently fully described and figured by Galea (2006a).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Recorded from both Canals Farquhar and Adalberto. This species is probably endemic to Chilean Patagonia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFF709BE8FD02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFD6F98F1FA39.text	7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFD6F98F1FA39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris schucherti Galea 2006	<div><p>Halopteris schucherti Galea, 2006</p> <p>Halopteris schucherti Galea, 2006a: 63, figs 6–12.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 08 —09.iii.2004, 26.5 m: several fertile cormoids, up to 7.5 cm high, MHNG INVE 35930. Stn. IVM — 28.iii. 2005, 25 m, S32: several small stems, less than 1 cm high, on sponge (MHNG INVE 53192). Stn. B 12 —27.iii. 2005, 25 m, S4: two sterile fragments, about 2 cm high (MHNG INVE 53157). Stn. SWA — 15.iii. 2006, 30 m, S135: one sterile plume, 6 cm high, basal part damaged (MHNG INVE 53415). Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 33 m, S136: several fertile stems, some ramified, up to 4.3 cm high, on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53419). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S 87g: several small, sterile fragments, up to 1 cm high, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa (MHNG INVE 53313). Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 20 m, S139: one sterile fragment, 1.7 cm high (MHNG INVE 53427); S137: four fertile plumes, 4.5–5.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53422).</p> <p>Type locality. Punta Huinay, fjord Comau, Chile.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was recently fully described and figured by Galea (2006a).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876; Kirchenpaueria magellanica (Hartlaub, 1905).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected roughly between 42°22' S and 49°11' S. This species is probably endemic to Chilean Patagonia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF0DFFC9FF0EFD6F98F1FA39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF0DFFC8FF0EF9089E50F94C.text	7F5A8787BF0DFFC8FF0EF9089E50F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueria magellanica (Hartlaub 1905)	<div><p>Kirchenpaueria magellanica (Hartlaub, 1905)</p> <p>(fig. 19A–C, table 32)</p> <p>Plumularia magellanica Hartlaub, 1905: 684, figs N 5 –O 5.</p> <p>? Plumularia sp. Hartlaub, 1905: 682, fig. L 5.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87c: several small, infertile colonies and fragments, epizoic on Halopteris schucherti (MHNG INVE 53309).</p> <p>Type locality. Ushuaia and Picton Island, Tierra del Fuego.</p> <p>Description. Small (up to 4.8 mm high) colonies arising from a reptant stolon. Colonies variable in shape, from single cladia arising directly from stolon to pinnate forms. Single cladia composed of alternating hydrothecate and ahydrothecate segments. Hydrothecate segments with one hydrotheca placed in middle of segment and two nematothecae: one situated far below hydrotheca, the other above axil formed by adcauline wall and abaxial side of segment. Hydrothecate segments characteristically forming an obtuse angle at site opposite to insertion of hydrotheca. Ahydrothecate segments, long, tubular, devoid of nematothecae. Pinnate colonies with stems divided into internodes by means of transverse nodes; internodes with one distal apophysis and one axillar nematotheca. Cladia alternating left and right, short, composed in all specimens examined of one hydrothecate segment attached to apophysis by means of short, rectangular segment. Hydrothecate segment with one distal hydrotheca and one median nematotheca situated far below hydrothecal base. Hydranths with ca 16–18 filiform tentacles. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material is quite scarce and consists of minute colonies, although Hartlaub (1905) described plumes of up to 2 cm high, with cladia bearing up to four hydrothecae. Hartlaub’s (1905) Plumularia sp. (p. 682, fig. L 5) may belong to K. magellanica, although the author thought it was probably a younger form of a known plumulariid. His central figure, showing two cladia arising below a stem hydrotheca, is similar to our specimen shown in figure 19B.</p> <p>Gonothecae were not observed by Hartlaub (1905). The present material is also sterile and therefore the gonothecae of this species still remain to be discovered.</p> <p>World distribution. Known only from Chile (Hartlaub, 1905).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species has been previously reported from Tierra del Fuego and Ushuaia (Hartlaub 1905). If Hartlaub’s Plumularia sp. proves to be conspecific with K. magellanica, an additional record is therefore from Calbuco. The present material was collected from Canal Castillo.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF0DFFC8FF0EF9089E50F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF12FFD5FF0EFE8A9963FABC.text	7F5A8787BF12FFD5FF0EFE8A9963FABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>(fig. 19D–J, table 33)</p> <p>Sertularia setacea Linnaeus, 1758: 813.</p> <p>Plumularia setacea: Hincks, 1868: 296, pl. 66 fig. 1; Clark, 1876: 261, pl. 61 figs 1–2; Nutting, 1900: 56, pl. 1 figs 1–4; Hartlaub, 1901: 374; Jäderholm, 1904a: 6; Stechow, 1919: 119; 1923: 226; Fraser, 1944: 352, pl. 76 fig. 342; Vervoort, 1946: 175, figs 27F, 73; 1966: 142, fig. 43; 1968: 64, fig. 29; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 22; Naumov, 1969: 503, fig. 354; Millard, 1973: 27, fig. 3; 1975: 399, fig. 124E–K; Hirohito, 1974: 41; Leloup, 1974: 49, fig. 43; Millard, 1975: 399, fig. 124E–K; Blanco, 1976: 54, pl. 7 figs 4–6; Hirohito, 1983: 70; Gili et al., 1989: 89, fig. 17B; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 191, fig. 47F–I; Cornelius, 1995b: 158, fig. 37; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 278, fig. 95C–D; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1995: 56, fig. 24; Calder, 1997: 17, fig. 4; Ramil et al., 1998b: 37; Watson, 2000: 53, fig. 41A, B; Schuchert, 2000: 413; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 238, fig. 91; Schuchert, 2001a: 131, fig. 111A; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 117, fig. 21C–D; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 398, figs 96G, 97A–G, 98A; Bouillon et al., 2004: 175, fig. 95A–E; Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 482; Watson, 2005: 549, fig. 19A–D; Vervoort, 2006: 259; Galea &amp; Leclère, 2007: 39, figs 1–3.</p> <p>Plumularia diploptera Totton, 1930: 222, fig. 59A, B; Ralph, 1961b: 32, fig. 3F–J; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 137, fig. 29; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 271, fig. 68.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 01 —29.ii. 2005, 10 m, S1: six sterile plumes (normal form), up to 5.5 cm high, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53154). Stn. COM 03 —21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, S154: two sterile fragments (normal form), 2.2 and 2.8 cm high, respectively. Stn. COM 04 —28.i.2006, 19– 23 m, HG107: several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form. Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, S95 (20–23 m): several normal stems, mainly with broken cladia and with only the perisarc left; HG070 (33 m): several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form. Stn. COM 07 —25.xii.2004, S53 (11.5 m): several normal, sterile plumes, up to 7 cm high, on mollusc shell, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53228); S57 (22 m): five normal plumes, 4–12 cm high, some branched, one fertile; a small, sterile, epizootic colony present (MHNG INVE 53237); 09.iii.2005, 10– 25 m, S56: several normal, fertile plumes, up to 13 cm high; 20.i. 2006, 18 m, HG030 (18 m): several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form; 26.i. 2006, 21 m: several normal stems (MHNG INVE 38773) bearing epizootic colonies (MHNG INVE 38774). Stn. COM 09 —04.v.2005, S8 (12 m): six fertile stems, up to 6.5 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53161); S9 (15 m): six sterile, normal plumes, up to 10.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53162). Stn. COM10 —undated, 20 m, S52: seven sterile plumes, 2.0–5.5 cm high (MHNG INVE 53227). Stn. COM 13 – 21.ii. 2005, 25 m, S55: several sterile fragments, in poor condition; 22.ii.2005, 20– 30 m, S54: several plumes and fragments, up to 5.5 cm high, some with numerous gonothecae (MHNG INVE 53229). Stn. COM 14 —26.ii.2005, 10– 15 m, S60: one sterile plume, 5 cm high. Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 33 m, S136: two sterile plumes, 2.6 and 4.7 cm high, respectively, on dead gorgonian. Stn. CCA — 12.iii.2006, S123 (1–2 m): one young, sterile colony with stems about 1 cm high, on Chlorophyta (MHNG INVE 53383); S87 (28 m): several sterile fragments, up to 2 cm high, on gorgonian. Stn. AIN — 11.iii. 2006, 24 m, S117: several sterile stems up to 6.5 cm high, two of them branched (MHNG INVE 53373). Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 24 m, S122: several normal, sterile stems, up to 10 cm high, and smaller fragments, some bearing fertile colonies of the epizootic form (MHNG INVE 53382).</p> <p>Type locality. “Habitat in Oceano” (Linnaeus, 1758). The name is based on Corallina setacea Ellis, 1755, described from Brighton and Whitstable, Great Britain (Calder, 1997).</p> <p>Remarks. This species shows an enormous range of variability. For more details, see Calder (1997). Epizootic specimens were reported by several authors (Millard 1973, Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, Ansín-Agís et al. 2001, Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). For a detailed description of the auto-epizootic forms from Chile, see Galea &amp; Leclère (2007).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905; Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900).</p> <p>World distribution. This species is cosmopolitan, except in purely Arctic and Antarctic waters (Calder 1997).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records of P. setacea are from the Guaitecas Islands (Jäderholm 1904a), Talcahuano, Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905) and from Tocopilla to Strait of Magellan (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected roughly between 41°49' S and 50°50' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF12FFD5FF0EFE8A9963FABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF11FFD4FF0EF9BF9F45FD64.text	7F5A8787BF11FFD4FF0EF9BF9F45FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanularia agas Cornelius 1982	<div><p>Campanularia agas Cornelius, 1982</p> <p>(fig. 20A, B, pl. 2J, K, table 34)</p> <p>Campanularia laevis Hartlaub, 1905: 565, fig. P 1; Nutting, 1915: 43, pl. 5 figs 5–6; Vervoort, 1972a: 85, fig. 25A–C; Leloup, 1974: 12, fig. 9; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 98, fig. 23A.</p> <p>Campanularia agas Cornelius, 1982: 54.</p> <p>not Campanularia laevis Couch, 1844: 42.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 33 m, S136: small colony with several hydrothecae and gonothecae, on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53417). Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87k: several hydrothecae, gonothecae rare, on unidentified substrate (MHNG INVE 53316).</p> <p>Type locality. Calbuco, Chile.</p> <p>Description. Colony composed of long, unbranched pedicels springing from a creeping, tortuous hydrorhiza, terminated by a hydrotheca at distal end (total height about 8 mm). Pedicels long, straight, smooth throughout; no annuli or perisarc constrictions. Hydrothecae large, campanulate, broadly rounded basally, lateral walls slightly divergent distally. Hydrothecal margin with 12–16 square-topped cusps, each with a median, small, apical, rounded incision; margin undulated in cross-section, just under rim, undulations being visible on hydrothecal surface as fine, longitudinal striae, running downward. A globular basal chamber is delimited below hydrotheca by a thin diaphragm. Subhydrothecal spherule present. Gonothecae arising from stolon and borne on long, smooth pedicels, with thick perisarc; gonotheca long, fusiform, walls smooth, except distal end provided with fine, transverse striation; aperture small, rounded and terminal.</p> <p>Remarks. Campanularia laevis Hartlaub, 1905 is a junior homonym of Campanularia laevis Couch, 1844. Cornelius (1982) introduced the new name Campanularia agas.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879).</p> <p>World distribution. Antarctica, Brazil (Leloup 1974), Strait of Magellan (Vervoort 1972a).</p> <p>Records form Chile. This species was previously reported from Calbuco (Hartlaub 1905) and Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected from both the Canals Adalberto and Castillo.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF11FFD4FF0EF9BF9F45FD64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF10FFD2FF0EF9079F16FD64.text	7F5A8787BF10FFD2FF0EF9079F16FD64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanularia hincksii Alder 1856	<div><p>Campanularia cf. hincksii Alder, 1856</p> <p>(fig. 20C, D, table 35)</p> <p>Campanularia hincksi (i) Alder, 1856: 360, pl. 13 fig. 9; Hincks, 1868: 162, pl. 24 fig. 3; Nutting, 1915: 37, pl. 3 figs 3– 4; Stechow, 1919: 57; Fraser, 1944: 121, pl. 21 fig. 92; Vervoort, 1959: 311, fig. 55A; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 16; Millard, 1975: 208, fig. 67B–E; Cornelius, 1982: 53, fig. 3; Gili et al., 1989: 105, fig. 30A; Calder, 1991: 49, fig. 29; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 97, fig. 22B; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 233, fig. 66; Cornelius, 1995b: 229, fig. 52; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 28; Schuchert, 2000: 413; 2001a: 149; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 138, fig. 27A–B; Calder et al., 2003: 1210; Kelmo &amp; Attrill, 2003: 124, fig. 4A–D; Bouillon et al., 2004: 192, fig. 107A–F; Vervoort, 2006: 270.</p> <p>Campanularia hincksii var. grandis Hirohito, 1983: 15.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S80: a sterile colony epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis (MHNG INVE 53280).</p> <p>Type locality. Northumberland, Great Britain.</p> <p>Description. Small and probably juvenile colony composed of a few hydrothecate pedicels arising singly at irregular intervals from creeping, tortuous stolon. Pedicel slightly undulated throughout or smooth in middle part; with no distinct annuli. Hydrotheca deep campanulate, walls slightly diverging distally to almost parallel; from middle part slightly tapering towards base, most abruptly basally; basal chamber quite high. Subhydrothecal spherule present, between hydrothecal base and pedicel. Hydrothecal rim with ca 8 trapezoidal cusps separated by rounded embayments; cusps with apical, shallow, rounded incision in middle, giving them a bicuspidate appearance. Hydrothecal rim undulated in frontal view; embayments between cusps curved inwardly, cusps curved outwardly. The presence of longitudinal striae on external surface of hydrotheca could not be observed, and this is probably due to fixation. Gonothecae absent.</p> <p>Remarks. Though sterile, the present material corresponds well with the redescription provided by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992), and there is no real doubt concerning its specific identity. An extensive synonymy of this species is available in Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000).</p> <p>World distribution. Nearly cosmopolitan, except high Arctic and Antarctic waters (Vervoort 2006).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was found at only one station, Piedra Lile, Isla de Chiloé.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF10FFD2FF0EF9079F16FD64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF16FFD0FF0EFAE298F8FC7C.text	7F5A8787BF16FFD0FF0EFAE298F8FC7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow 1919)	<div><p>Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919)</p> <p>(fig. 20E, F, table 36)</p> <p>Clytia mollis Stechow, 1919: 44, fig. L; 1923: 96.</p> <p>Campanularia everta Clark, 1876: 253: pl. 39 fig. 4; Naumov, 1969: 277, fig. 142; Blanco, 1976: 36, pl. 3 fig.4; Vervoort, 1972a: 87, fig. 26A–B.</p> <p>Orthopyxis mollis: Picard, 1951: 344, fig. 3</p> <p>Campanularia ? mollis: Leloup, 1974: 13, fig. 11.</p> <p>? Campanularia sp. Millard, 1977: 18, fig. 5F.</p> <p>? Campanularia sp. Peña Cantero et al., 2004: 2299, fig. 1J.</p> <p>? Campanularia rara Stechow, 1919: 60, fig. R.</p> <p>Campanularia tincta: Hartlaub, 1905: 557, figs D 1, E 1, F 1.</p> <p>Campanularia tincta var. eurycalyx Hartlaub, 1905: 558, figs G 1, H 1.</p> <p>Eucopella crenata: Hartlaub, 1905: 568, fig. Q 1.</p> <p>Orthopyxis everta: Nutting, 1915: 67, pl. 16 figs 6–8.</p> <p>Orthoyxis hartlaubi El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 100, fig. 23B–C.</p> <p>Orthopyxis mollis: Ralph, 1957: 840, fig. 7E–K; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 440, fig. 107I–T.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. ICA — 13.iii. 2006, 12 m, S146: one fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus</p> <p>subdichotomus. Stn. CCO — 09.iii.2006, S144 (18 m): one sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp.; S140 (0–20 m): one fertile colony epiphytic on algae (MHNG INVE 53428). Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: numerous fertile colonies epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 20 m, S89: one fertile colony epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53327); S149: one sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata.</p> <p>Type locality. Sète, Mediterranean coast of France.</p> <p>Description. Tubular, occasionally anastomozing stolon creeping on other hydroids and algae, from which arise pedicellate hydrothecae. Pedicels unbranched, moderately long, indistinctly wrinkled, but provided with a few rings basally (not true annuli). Some pedicels showing distinct traces of breakage and subsequent regeneration by presence of transverse constrictions of perisarc. Hydrothecae long and slender, cylindrical in transverse section, proximally rounded into distinct basal chamber, internally marked by circular ring of thickened perisarc; subhydrothecal spherule present below basal chamber. Rim with 10–12 rounded cusps separated by rounded embayments; renovation of margin frequent. Aperture undulated in frontal view, just under the rim, with embayments slightly bent outwards. Gonothecae ovoid to elongated, slightly compressed laterally, springing from stolon via a short, twisted pedicel; walls of gonotheca smooth; distal end truncated, with circular aperture of moderate size.</p> <p>Remarks. Vervoort (1972a) included Hartlaub’s (1905) specimens of Eucopella crenata Hartlaub, 1901 in his material identified as Campanularia (Orthopyxis) everta Clarke, 1876. Later on, Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) synonymized the latter species with Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919) and included Hartlaub’s (1905) specimens of Campanularia tincta Hincks, 1861. These opinions are also followed here.</p> <p>The trophosome of Campanularia rara Stechow, 1919 is almost indistinguishable morphologically from O. mollis. However, the lack of gonothecae in Stechow’s (1919) material prevents me from synonymizing the two with certainty. Peña Cantero et al. (2004) and Peña Cantero (2006) described two Antarctic hydroids, both similar, belonging to genus Campanularia; unfortunately, their material was sterile, but it may prove to be conspecific with O. mollis. Millard (1977) described sterile colonies of Campanularia sp. from the Crozet shelf which entirely fit the morphology of the trophosome of O. mollis, the two probably being conspecific.</p> <p>The specimens of O. mollis described by Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) from New Zealand have hydrothecae with unthickened perisarc, and a rim with 10–12 rounded cusps. This is the same as in Vervoort’s (1972a) C. everta Clarke, 1876. The present material from Chile also has hydrothecae with thin perisarc and a similar number of cusps. In contrast, Hartlaub’s (1905) E. crenata and C. tincta are described and figured with pointed hydrothecal cusps and thickened perisarc. Neverthless, besides the absence of gonothecae in Hartlaub’s (1905) specimens of both species, the general morphology of their trophosome is in agreement with the available descriptions of O. mollis. Nutting’s (1915) hydrothecae of O. everta and Naumov’s (1969) hydrothecae of C. everta are also both described and figured with thickened hydrothecal walls.</p> <p>The variability of the structure of the hydrothecal wall seems to be a normal rule in this species. Nutting (1915) cited the observations made by Torrey (1902), which are also reproduced here: “The rim of the hydrothecae may or may not be everted. It is usually but not always crenate. The wall of the hydrotheca may be very thick or very thin, and is either straight or convex in profile.”</p> <p>The gonophore of this species was reported to be a large eumedusoid with four branched radial canals, and occupying the greater part of the gonothecal lumen (Nutting 1915, Picard 1951, Ralph 1957). The soft parts of gonothecae in present material are poorly preserved and no detailed observations could be made.</p> <p>World distribution. Pacific coast of North America (Clark 1876), Tierra del Fuego (Hartlaub 1905), Atlantic coasts of Argentina (Blanco 1976, El Beshbeeshy 1991), Strait of Magellan and Falkland Islands (Vervoort 1972a), Mediterranean (Stechow 1919), Russia, Sea of Japan (Naumov 1969), New Zealand (Ralph 1957, Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003), Antarctica (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1999).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from Tocopilla (Leloup 1974). The present material was found between 49°11' S and 50°50' S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF16FFD0FF0EFAE298F8FC7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF14FFDFFF0EFB2A9874FA94.text	7F5A8787BF14FFDFFF0EFB2A9874FA94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia linearis (Thornely 1900)	<div><p>Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900)</p> <p>(fig. 20G–I, table 37)</p> <p>Obelia linearis Thornely, 1900: 453, pl. 44 fig. 6.</p> <p>Clytia gravieri: Picard, 1951: 346; Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973:: 51, fig. 7E–G; Millard, 1975: 215, fig. 71F–H.</p> <p>Clytia linearis: Hirohito, 1974: 12; Cornelius, 1982: 84, fig. 12; Hirohito, 1983: 16; Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987: 94; Calder, 1991: 62, fig. 34; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 238, fig. 67B; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 65, fig. 18H–I; Migotto, 1996: 85, fig. 16A–B; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 38; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 140, fig. 28E–F; Kelmo &amp; Attrill, 2003: 133, fig. 5C–F; Schuchert, 2003: 160, fig. 20; Bouillon et al., 2004: 194, fig. 109F–I; Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005:486.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. COM 01 —28.i.2006, 0–6 m, S92: two fertile colonies, less than 1 cm high, one on mollusc shell, the other on barnacle. Stn. COM 02 —12.i.2005, 12.5 m, S68: small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis; 22.i. 2006, 15 m, S155: small sterile colony, epizoic on Halecium delicatulum. Stn. COM 03 —25.ii.2005, 15– 25 m, S65: small, fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. COM 05 —15.xi. 2001, 20 m, S71: a fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. COM 07 — 25.xii. 2004, 22 m, S57: a small, sterile colony, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Plumularia setacea. Stn. MEL 02 —06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: small, sterile colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S90: several sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. IVM — 28.iii.2005, S35 (8 m): several fertile colonies, ca 1 cm high, on dead gorgonian or epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53197); S46 (8 m): one sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53216); S26 (20 m): a small, fertile colony, up to 1 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53181); S32 (25 m): small colony, composed of several hydrothecae without gonothecae, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata. Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S73: one sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata; S45: one fertile colony, ca 1 cm high, on stems of unidentifiable tubulariid (MHNG INVE 53211). Stn. CME — 28.iii. 2005, 12 m, S50: one small, fertile colony, on dead gorgonian; S62a: one fertile colony, about 1 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53242). Stn. T 16 —25.iii. 2005, 12 m, S42: a small, sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53206). Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 15 m, S113: several small, fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, S100 (25 m): several sterile colonies, up to 1 cm high, epizoic on Hybocodon chilensis (MHNG INVE 53354); S88 (10–30 m): several sterile colonies, epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias and Lafoea dumosa. Stn. ILA — 13.iii. 2006, 32 m, S130: a small, sterile colony, on polychaete tube. Stn. PAB — 10.iii. 2006, 20 m, S85: some hydrothecae, without gonothecae, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus sp. Stn. CAR — 08.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S152: one sterile colony, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata. Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: one fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. GDA — 07.iii. 2006, 11 m, S126: small, sterile colonies composed of several polyps, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, S112 (15 m): one fertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53363); S143 (15 m): small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Sertularella fuegonensis; S124 (20 m): one small, sterile colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa (MHNG INVE 53384); S109 (15–25 m): small, sterile colony, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa; S142 (15–25 m): several fertile colonies, epizoic on Lafoea dumosa and Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus; S128 (15–25 m): several small, sterile colonies, on crab carapace; S86 (15–25 m): several small, fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Bougainvillia pyramidata and Lafoea dumosa; S129 (25 m): one sterile colony, on brachiopod (MHNG INVE 53399).</p> <p>Type locality. Blanche Bay, New Britain, Papua New Guinea.</p> <p>Remarks. A recent redescription of C. linearis from Atlantic material is found in Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992). An extensive synonymy is provided by Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000). Details on the nematocyst complement are given by Migotto (1996) for Brazilian material.</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827).</p> <p>World distribution. Tropical and subtropical waters around the world (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This hydroid was found in abundance at nearly all the stations, roughly from 42° to 52° S. This is the first record for Chile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF14FFDFFF0EFB2A9874FA94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF1BFFDEFF0EF8E79877FA62.text	7F5A8787BF1BFFDEFF0EF8E79877FA62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia paulensis (Vanhoffen 1910)	<div><p>Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910)</p> <p>(fig. 20J–L, table 38)</p> <p>Campanularia paulensis Vanhöffen, 1910: 272, 298, fig. 19A–B.</p> <p>Clytia ? paulensis: Stechow, 1919: 45.</p> <p>Clytia paulensis: Stechow, 1923: 110, fig. N; Calder, 1971: 51, pl. 3I; Millard, 1975: 221, fig. 73A–D; Cornelius, 1982: 88, fig. 14; Gili et al., 1989: 106, fig. 31A; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 239, fig. 67C–D; Cornelius, 1995b: 258, fig. 59; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 68, fig. 20A–B, pl. 4 fig. D; Ramil et al., 1998a: 199; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 39; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 152, fig. 29A–C; Bouillon et al., 2004: 196, fig. 100F–J; Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 486; Vervoort, 2006: 271.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. MEL 02 —06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: several fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis and Obelia dichotoma; S78: one sterile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus (MHNG INVE 53274). Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S90: small, infertile colony, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis.</p> <p>Type locality. Saint Paul, southern Indian Ocean.</p> <p>Remarks. The present material from Chile agrees well with the redescription provided by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992) and needs no further comment. An extensive synonymy of this species is given in Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000). The medusa stage is still undescribed (Cornelius 1995b).</p> <p>World distribution. Temperate to warm-waters of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000, Vervoort 2006).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected around Melinka, Guaitecas Archipelago. This is the first record of the species for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF1BFFDEFF0EF8E79877FA62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF1AFFDDFF0EF9CF9F21FC04.text	7F5A8787BF1AFFDDFF0EF9CF9F21FC04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia simplex (Browne 1902)	<div><p>Clytia simplex (Browne, 1902)</p> <p>(fig. 21A–D, pl. 2L)</p> <p>Cosmetira simplex Browne, 1902: 34, pl.1 figs 6–8; 1908: 236.</p> <p>Phialidium simplex: Kramp, 1959: 149, fig. 189; 1961: 171; 1968: 77, fig. 202; Fagetti, 1973: 40.</p> <p>Clytia simplex: Pagès et al., 1992: 33, fig. 36; Palma et al., 2007: 73.</p> <p>not Clytia simplex Congdon, 1907: 471, figs 14–15.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 05, 07, 09, 11, 18, 19.ii.2006, night haul, 50–0 m, several medusae.</p> <p>Type locality. Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands.</p> <p>Description. Umbrella watchglass-shaped to nearly hemispherical during swimming, up to 8 mm in</p> <p>diameter. With four radial canals and ring canal. Manubrium short to moderately long, with four lobe-like perradial folds, with no peduncle; mouth with four large, crenulated lips. Gonads borne on radial canals; in earlier stages forming small, oval patches about halfway along the radial canals, then becoming removed towards umbrella margin, but never reaching ring canal. Fully developed gonads, elongated, slightly folded, pendent, with median groove, abouth 1/3–1/2 the length of radial canals; distal part becoming free and hanging down from subumbrellar cavity. Bell margin with up to 32 hollow marginal tentacles, borne on prominent basal bulbs; a few young bulbs equally present. One or two marginal statocysts, each with one statolith, between two successive tentacles. Gonads, manubrium, radial canals, marginal bulbs and tentacles green pale in color.</p> <p>Remarks. Adult medusae up to 22 mm wide, with 60–85 marginal tentacles, were described by Kramp (1959, 1968). The present specimens have probably not reached their maximum size, because both the umbrella diameter and the tentacle number are inferior to those described by Kramp. The hydroid stage of C. simplex is still unknown. This species was collected only from night hauls and was absent in all plankton samples collected during the day.</p> <p>World distribution. Clytia simplex has been recorded from the southern hemisphere, from the Strait of Magellan (Pagès &amp; Orajas 1999), Falkland Islands, southern Brazil, Bismark Sea (Pagès et al. 1992), Campbell Island (Kramp 1968).</p> <p>Records from Chile. In the present material, the medusae of this species were found in great number in fjord Comau. Additional records are those of Fagetti (1973) from the Valparaíso Bay, and Palma et al. (2007) from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and the Pulluche-Chacabuco Channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF1AFFDDFF0EF9CF9F21FC04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF19FFDBFF0EF8C7998EFA5C.text	7F5A8787BF19FFDBFF0EF8C7998EFA5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>(fig. 21H–J, table 39)</p> <p>Sertularia dichotoma Linnaeus, 1758: 812.</p> <p>Obelia dichotoma: Hincks, 1868: 156, pl. 28 fig. 1; Fraser, 1912: 362, fig. 22; Nutting, 1915: 80, pl. 20 fig. 7; Stechow, 1919: 49; 1923: 117; Fraser, 1944: 28, fig. 127; Picard, 1951: 347; Rees &amp; Rowe, 1969: 17; Calder, 1971: 55, pl. 4B; Leloup, 1974: 18; Calder, 1975: 303, fig. 4D; Cornelius, 1975: 265, figs 3–4; Millard, 1975: 227, fig. 75F–J; Morri, 1981: 66, fig. 21; Cornelius, 1982: 117; Hirohito, 1983: 16; Gili et al., 1989: 107, fig. 32A–B; Calder, 1991: 72, fig. 38; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 111, fig. 25B; Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 243, fig. 68C; Cornelius, 1995b: 296, fig. 69; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 74, fig. 21D–K; Migotto, 1996: 88, fig. 16D; Ramil et al., 1998a: 200; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000: 49, fig. 10C–D; Schuchert, 2000: 413; 2001a: 155; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 161, fig. 31B–C; Calder et al., 2003: 1202; Kelmo &amp; Attrill, 2003: 138, fig. 6G–I; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 425, fig. 104A– E; Bouillon et al., 2004: 200, fig. 114C–G; Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 487; Vervoort, 2006: 273.</p> <p>Obelia australis Hartlaub, 1901: 367; Ralph 1957: 830, fig. 4A–H.</p> <p>Obelia nodosa Bale 1924: 230, fig. 1; Ralph 1957: 832, fig. 5I–K; 1961: 109.</p> <p>Laomedea dichotoma: Vervoort, 1959: 315.</p> <p>Campanularia obtusidens Jäderholm, 1904a: 2, pl. 1 fig. 1.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 —04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S80: small, fertile colonies, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. COM 01 —27.i.2006, 17– 23 m, S97: several fertile colonies, up to 4.5 cm high, on unidentified substrate; 28.i.2006, 0–6 m, S92: a small, sterile colony, about 0.5 cm high, on mollusc shell. Stn. COM 02 —22.i.2006, 20– 25 m, S98: basal parts of several main stems, without side branches, on polychaete tube. Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, 20– 23 m, S95: several small, sterile colonies, less than 1.5 cm high, on wood or epizoic on Sertularella polyzonias. Stn. COM 07 —09.iii.2005, 10– 25 m, S56: several colonies, up to 11 cm high, with only the perisarc left. Stn. COM 08 —18.i.2006, 18– 22 m, S160: several sterile stems, up to 0.8 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata; S164: several sterile colonies up to 8 cm high. Stn. COM 09 — 04.v.2005, S49 (12 m): several sterile stems about 4 cm high, on wood, 2 slides (MHNG INVE 53221); S11 (14 m): several sterile stems, up to 5.5 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53164); S6 (14 m): several fertile stems, up to 5 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53159). Stn. COM 11 —11.ix. 2004, 24 m, S17: several sterile colonies, 3–8 cm high, on rock (MHNG INVE 53170). Stn. COM 12 —09.x.2004, S36 (13 m): several sterile stems up to 6.5 cm high, on wood (MHNG INVE 53200); S16 (13 m): one sterile colony 6.5 cm high, on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53169); S13 (20 m): numerous fertile stems, up to 10 cm high (MHNG INVE 53165). Stn. COM 14 —26.ii.2005, 10– 15 m, S61: four sterile fragments, 2–5 cm high. Stn. MEL02, 06.iii. 2005, 15 m, S81: small, fertile colonies, up to 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis; S43: several sterile colonies about 6 cm high (MHNG INVE 53209); S78: small, sterile colony, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. MEL 03 —08.iii.2005, 20– 30 m, S82: several fertile colonies, 1–2 cm high; S51: one fertile colony, ca 5.5 cm high, polysiphonic basally (MHNG INVE 53225); S90: several fertile colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus filiformis. Stn. IVM — 28.iii.2005, S46 (8 m): several fertile colonies, up to 1.5 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata; S35 (8 m): several fertile colonies, up to 8 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53198); S26 (20 m): one fertile colony, 2.5 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53182); S32 (25 m): several fertile colonies about 3 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata (MHNG INVE 53190). Stn. CME — 28.iii. 2005, 12 m, S62: one sterile colony, about 3.5 cm high, on gorgonian; S50: several sterile colonies, 2.5–6.5 cm high, on dead gorgonian (MHNG INVE 53223). Stn. CFQ — 29.iii. 2005, 32 m, S73: several fertile colonies, up to 2.3 cm high, on gorgonian; S45: one small, fertile colony, ca 1 cm high, on stems of unidentifiable tubulariid. Stn. T 16 —25.iii. 2005, 12 m, S42: several colonies with only the perisarc left. Stn. ANI — 01.iv. 2005, 2 m, S41: several sterile colonies, up to 15 cm high, 3 slides (MHNG INVE 53205). Stn. SWA 15.iii.2006, S134 (20 m): several fertile colonies and fragments, up to 3 cm high; S127 (24 m): several fertile colonies 4–5 cm high, epizoic on Hybocodon chilensis. Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 15 m, S113: several fertile colonies, up to 3.5 cm high. Stn. CCA — 12.iii. 2006, 28 m, S87: several sterile stems, on gorgonian. Stn. CFA — 14.iii.2006, S147 (10 m): several sterile stems 1–2 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata; S125 (15 m): several small, sterile colonies, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata; S88 (10–33 m): small, sterile colonies 1–2 cm high. Stn. ILA — 13.iii. 2006, 32 m, S130: one sterile colony about 5 cm high, on polychaete tube. Stn. ICA – 13.iii. 2006, 20 m, S139: several fertile colonies, up to 6 cm high. Stn. PAB — 10.iii. 2006, 20 m, S85: a few sterile stems, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CCO — 09.iii. 2006, 18 m, S144: small, sterile colonies and fragments. Stn. CAR — 08.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S152: small, sterile colonies up to 1.5 cm high, epizoic on Bougainvillia pyramidata. Stn. CPA — 09.iii. 2005, 15 m, S170: small, sterile colonies, less than 1 cm high, epizoic on Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus. Stn. CVI — 06.iii.2006, 15– 25 m, S142: several sterile colonies, up to 16 cm high.</p> <p>Type locality. “In Oceano” (Linnaeus, 1758), specifically the southwest coast of England.</p> <p>Remarks. Complete redescriptions of O. dichotoma and synonymy are provided by Calder (1991) and Cornelius (1982, 1995b). The present material has hydrothecae with shallow, rounded cusps, the diaphragm is transverse to oblique in lateral view, and the tentacle nematocysts are long and banana-shaped, which agrees well with the concept of species defined by Cornelius (1982, 1995b).</p> <p>Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1851); Calycella syringa (Linnaeus, 1767); Phialella cf. quadrata (Forbes, 1848); Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910).</p> <p>World distribution. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution (Vervoort 2006).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Previous records are from the Guaitecas Islands, Melinka (Jäderholm 1904a), Tocopilla, Coquimbo Bay, San Vicente Bay, Seno Reloncavi, Golfo de Ancud (Leloup 1974). The present material was collected at nearly all the stations, roughly from 42° to 52° S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF19FFDBFF0EF8C7998EFA5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF1FFFDAFF0EF9BA9B9FF94C.text	7F5A8787BF1FFFDAFF0EF9BA9B9FF94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>(fig. 21K–L, table 40)</p> <p>Sertularia geniculata Linnaeus 1758: 812.</p> <p>Obelia geniculata: Hincks, 1868: 149, pl. 25 figs 1, 1A; Hartlaub, 1901: 362; Hartlaub, 1905: 581, fig. D 2; Nutting, 1915: 73, pl. 18 figs 1–5; Stechow, 1919: 50; 1923: 114; Fraser, 1944: 158, pl. 28 fig. 130; Russell, 1953: 302, fig. 185A; Ralph, 1957: 831, fig. 4I; Naumov, 1969: 282, figs 147–148; Calder, 1970: 1522, pl. 4 fig. 7; 1971: 55, pl. 4C; 1975: 303, fig. 4E–F; Cornelius, 1975: 272, figs 1, 5; Millard, 1975: 229, fig. 75A–B; Stepanjants, 1979: 36, pl. 5 fig. 7; Morri, 1981: 69, fig. 22; Cornelius, 1982: 119; Hirohito, 1983: 17; Gili et al., 1989: 108, fig. 32C; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 114, fig. 26; Cornelius, 1995b: 301, fig. 70; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 76, fig. 22A–B; Migotto, 1996: 90, fig. 16E; Ramil et al., 1998a: 200; Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 54; Schuchert, 2001b: 155, fig. 135; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 162, fig. 31D; Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 427, fig. 104F–H; Bouillon et al., 2004: 200, figs 114H–I, 115A–E; Watson, 2005: 583.</p> <p>Obelia geniculata var. subsessilis Jäderholm, 1904a: 2, fig. 2.</p> <p>Laomedea geniculata: Leloup, 1974: 19, fig. 16.</p> <p>Material examined. Stn. CHL 02 – 04.iii.2005, 13– 20 m, S44: one sterile colony, about 1 cm high, on Macrocystis pyrifera (MHNG INVE 53210). Stn. COM 08 —03.v.2005, 5– 8 m, S39: one fertile colony, 1–2 cm high, on Macrocystis pyrifera (MHNG INVE 53202). Stn. COM 09 —04.v.2005, 5– 8 m, S31: one fertile colony, 1–2 cm high, on Macrocystis pyrifera, 1 slide (MHNG INVE 53188). Stn. COM 13 —25.i.2006, 25– 32 m, S99: several fertile colonies up to 1.5 cm high, on Macrocystis pyrifera (MHNG INVE 53353). Stn. COF — 16.iii.2006, S138 (3 m): a fertile colony, on Macrocystis pyrifera (MHNG INVE 53424); S119 (4 m): a fertile colony, on Macrocystis pyrifera (MHNG INVE 53375).</p> <p>Type locality. Dover, Kent, United Kingdom.</p> <p>Remarks. For descriptions of this species, see Cornelius (1982, 1995b). An extensive synonymy is provided by Cornelius (1975) and Medel &amp; Vervoort (2000).</p> <p>The present material is characterized by being occasionally branched and having moderate thickening of the perisarc (63–130 µm on thickened side, and 13–27 µm on opposite side of internodes).</p> <p>World distribution. Near-cosmopolitan, penetrating at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere and into sub-Antarctic waters in the southern hemisphere (Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000).</p> <p>Records from Chile. This species was previously reported from Canal Beagle (Hartlaub 1904), Corral (Jäderholm 1904a), Valparaíso, Talcahuano, Canal Smyth, Strait of Magellan, Islas Navarino and Lennox (Hartlaub 1905), Tocopilla, Archipelago de los Chonos (Leloup 1974). The present records are roughly from 43°10' S to 48°10' S.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF1FFFDAFF0EF9BA9B9FF94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF1CFFD8FF0EFA979AF6F8E9.text	7F5A8787BF1CFFD8FF0EFA979AF6F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solmundella bitentaculata (Quoy & Gaimard 1833)	<div><p>Solmundella bitentaculata (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833)</p> <p>(pl. 2O)</p> <p>Solmundella bitentaculata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833: 295, figs 4–5; Kramp, 1952: 10; 1959: 63, fig. 297; 1961: 270; 1968: 124, fig. 338; Naumov, 1969: 616, fig. 463; Fagetti, 1973: 46, pl. 6 fig. E; Goy et al., 1991: 120, fig. 50; Pagès et al., 1992: 38, fig. 43; Bouillon et al., 2004: 223: figs 144B, 148F; Buecher et al., 2005: 30; Palma et al., 2007: 70.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 12–13.i.2006 and 04, 05, 07, 08, 09, 13, 18, 19.ii.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49036).</p> <p>Type locality. Likely unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. For a recent redescription of this species, see Buecher et al. (2005). The medusae in the present material have a bell diameter of up to 4.7 mm.</p> <p>World distribution. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution (Pagès et al. 1992).</p> <p>Records from Chile. Medusae in the present material were abundantly found in fjord Comau. This species was reported from the entire Chilean coast (Fagetti 1973), including the southern channels (Palma et al. 2007).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF1CFFD8FF0EFA979AF6F8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFBB29B65F832.text	7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFBB29B65F832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphogona apicata Kramp 1957	<div><p>Amphogona apicata Kramp, 1957</p> <p>(fig. 21P, pl. 2P)</p> <p>Amphogona apicata Kramp, 1957: 59, pl. 5 fig. 7; 1959: 188, fig. 281; 1961: 252; 1968: 119, fig. 321; Palma et al., 2007: 70, 73.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton — off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 12–13.i.2006, 09.ii.2006, 04.xi.2006, 50–0 m, several medusae (MHNG INVE 49041).</p> <p>Type locality. Southern Atlantic and Mozambique Channel.</p> <p>Description. Umbrella bell-shaped, higher than wide (3.8 mm high and 2.75 mm in diameter), with a distinct apical knob of thick mesoglea; elsewhere, mesoglea thin. With eight radial canals bearing eight gonads in middle part of their upper halves; gonads sac-shaped, pendent. With about 60 short, solid tentacles, borne on nearly indistinguishable marginal bulbs; no statocysts. Velum broad, velar opening wide. Manubrium relatively long, borne on conical peduncle of nearly the same length as manubrium itself; distal end of manubrium projecting slightly below the upper halve of umbrella. Mouth with four lips.</p> <p>Remarks. Present specimens differ only slightly from Kramp’s (1959, 1968) accounts: he described the gonads as being near the middle points of radial canals while in the present material they are found on upper third of radial canals.</p> <p>World distribution. This species was recorded from the Strait of Magellan (Pagès &amp; Orejas 1999), Falkland Islands, South Georgia, Cape of Good Hope, and Mozambique Channel (Kramp 1959).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present material was collected from fjord Comau. Additional records are those of Palma et al. (2007) from the southern channels (between the Gulf of Corcovado and the Pulluche-Chacabuco Channels).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFBB29B65F832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFE9F9B71FCC1.text	7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFE9F9B71FCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cunina octonaria McCrady 1859	<div><p>Cunina octonaria McCrady, 1859</p> <p>(fig. 21O)</p> <p>Cunina octonaria McCrady, 1859: 211, pl. 12 fig 4–5; Kramp, 1959: 199, fig. 307; 1961: 282; 1968: 128, fig. 347; Calder, 1971: 77, pl. 8I; Goy et al., 1991: 121, fig. 51; Bouillon et al., 2004: 234, figs 144E, 145A, 149A–H.</p> <p>Material examined. Plankton —off the Huinay Scientific Field Station, 18.ii.2006, 04.xi.2006, 45–0 m, two medusae, partly damaged (MHNG INVE 53569).</p> <p>Type locality. Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA.</p> <p>Remarks. For descriptions of this species, see Kramp (1959, 1968). The present material consists of two medusae, relatively poorly preserved, with the bell diameter of ca 2.3 mm.</p> <p>World distribution. This species is widely distributed in the warm parts of all oceans, including the Mediterranean (Kramp 1959).</p> <p>Records from Chile. The present specimens originate from fjord Comau. This is the first record of this species for Chile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5A8787BF23FFE7FF0EFE9F9B71FCC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galea, Horia R.	Galea, Horia R. (2007): Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa 1597 (1): 1-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1650.1.4
