identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
785687E1FFE1FFB8D2A5FEDCFE012EDB.text	785687E1FFE1FFB8D2A5FEDCFE012EDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culex (Culex) ameliae Casal	<div><p>Culex (Culex) ameliae Casal</p><p>Culex ameliae Casal, 1967: 29 (M*). Type locality: between San Pedro and Eldorado, 10 km from San Pedro, Misiones, Argentina (INM).</p><p>Adult males and females of Cx. ameliae were well diagnosed by Casal. In addition to the characteristic genitalia in the male, both sexes show a unique character, the presence of short, filiform tan scales on the mesopostnotum (Fig. 1).</p><p>This feature makes the species sufficiently different from other Cx. (Cux.). Harrison &amp; Bickley (1990), when reviewing the presence of ornamentation on the mesoposnotum of Culicidae, mention that only some species of the Culex subgenera Melanoconion Theobald and Carrollia Lutz possess mesopostnotal scales/setae. They did not mention the subgenus Culex, which includes 198 species (Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory 2007), some of which exhibit with exceptional and many polymorphic features. There was no mention of Cx. ameliae, although Casal (1967) mentioned the character in the original description.</p><p>PUPA (Fig. 2). Placement and character of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches in Table 1. Cephalothorax (Fig. 2 a): integument lightly tanned, homogeneously colored, maxillary palpus, distal extreme of legs and posterior of scutum sometimes slightly darker, metanotum evenly tanned, sometimes lighter laterally. Trumpet almost cylindrical, tanned, length 0.76–0.91 mm (0.84 mm), width 0.08–0.13 mm (0.10 mm), index 7–10 (8.45). Abdomen (Fig. 2 b): length 3.35–4.00 mm (3.57 mm); integument yellowish. Seta 1-I with 8–28 aciculate branches. Setae 4,6,8-IV with secondary short branches at apex. Seta 9-VIII with variable number of branches. Genital lobe: slightly tanned in both sexes, males: length 0.20–0.25 mm (0.22 mm); females: length 0.10–0.11 mm. Paddle: length 0.85–1.09 mm (0.96 mm), width 0.44–0.63 mm (0.50); index 1.34–1.73 (1.52). Yellowish to slightly tan, midrib strong, extending length of paddle. Seta 2-Pa between 0.25-0.50 length of 1-Pa.</p><p>Seta Cephalothorax Abdominal segments Paddle</p><p>no. CT Pa</p><p>I II III IV V VI VII VIII</p><p>0 - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1</p><p>1 1−3(3) 8−48 8−11 (9) 5−10(8) 4−6(5) 2−5(5) 2−4(4) 2,3(3) - 1</p><p>2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1</p><p>3 2−3(2) 1,2(2) 1−3(3) 2,3(2) 2−5(3) 1−3(1) 1−3(1) 1−3(3) -</p><p>4 1−3(2) 3,4(4) 2−4(2) 1−4(2) 1−5(1) 2−4(4) 1−4(4) 1,2(2) 1,2(2) LARVA (fourth-instar) (Fig. 3). Placement and character of setae as figured; number of branches in Table 2. Head (Fig. 3 a): slightly wider than long, width 1.35 mm, length 1.0 0 mm, collar narrow. Dorsomentum with pointed teeth, 6 or 7 teeth on each side of median tooth, lateral teeth slightly longer than the others. Setae 1,3-C single, setae 0,2,16,17-C absent. Antenna: length 0.34–0.75 mm, aciculate. Seta 1-A fanlike with 20–22 aciculate branches, inserted 0.46–0.55 mm from base. Setae 2–4-A longer than in other Culex (Culex) . Thorax (Fig. 3 b): integument hyaline, with spicules up to 10 µm long. Seta 4-M subequal to 5-M, longer than in other Cx. (Cux.). Seta 6-M conspicuously longer than 1,3-M. Setae 10-P and 12-M long, 0.21 and 0.19 mm respectively. Abdomen (Fig. 3 b): integument hyaline, with spicules about 10 µm long. Setae 0,14-I–VI at most 1 µm in length. Setae 1,2- I,II very short. Segment VIII (Fig. 3 c): seta 4-VIII with 6 branches, comb with 51, 52 scales arranged in 2 rows. Siphon (Fig. 3 c): length 2.08–2.24 mm, width 0.26–0.28 mm. Pecten with 17–19 spines with 2 basal denticles. Seta 1-S in 10 pairs, most basal arises beyond pecten, 1i-S not in line with the others. Segment X (Fig. 3 c): saddle complete, length 0.27–0.30 mm, with spicules on dorsal surface and caudal border. Setae 2,3-X strongly developed. Seta 4-X in 6 pairs. Anal papillae long and slender, dorsal pair longer than ventral pair.</p><p>Seta Head Thorax Abdominal segments</p><p>no. H P M T I II III IV V VI VII VIII X 0 - 10,11 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1?? - 1 1 1 1 1 3,4 3 1,3 4 4 3,4 5,6 3 2,3 2 - 1 3 2 2 2 1,2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1,4 1,3 1 1 1 1 1 4,7 1 4 1,2 2 1,2 3 1,5 3,5 1,3 1 1 3,4 1 6 12 5 4 1 1 1 2 2,3 3 4 3 2 1,2 3,5 - 6 3,4 1,2 1 1,2 3 3 2 2 2 2 4,6 - Siphon 7 2,8 2,3 1 1,6 1,2 2,3 4,5 4,6 5,6 6 1,6 1a-S 4 8 2-4 2 5,6 9,15 - 1,2 1 1 2 1,4 1 1b-S 4 9 5 1 1,4 1 2 1,4 1 3 1 1 3 1c-S 4,5 10 2 1 1 1 1 1 1,2 1 1 1 1 1d-S 3,5 11 2 3 2 7 4 3,7 1,2 1 1 1 2 1e-S 4,5 12 2,3 1 1 1 2,3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1f-S 4,5 13 2 - 12,23 6 4,7 4,18 5,12 4 4 22,23 4 1g-S 4 14 1,2 1 14,16 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1h-S 4,5 15 3,5 - - - - - - - CS Pecten 1-A 1i-S 3,4 51,52 17,19 20,22 1j-S 4</p><p>? = not counted.</p><p>Material examined. 10Pe, 3Le as follow: ARGENTINA, Misiones Province, between San Pedro and Eldorado, 10 km from San Pedro (26º 24´49.1´´ S – 54º 30´36.1´´ O), 11-III-1966, García &amp; Casal coll. Paratypes have the following numbers: Ga 137-31; Ga 136-21; Ga 131-105; Ga 137-102; Ga 137-104; Ga 131-106; Ga 131-111; Ga 132-104; Ga 132-105; Ga 132-106.</p><p>Distribution. Culex ameliae is known only from Argentina (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit 2001), and is considered endemic to the type locality (Campos &amp; Maciá 1998).</p><p>Bionomics. Larvae of Cx. ameliae were collected in association with larvae of Cx. (Melanoconion) intrincatus Brethès, Cx. (Mel.) bejaranoi Duret, Cx. (Cux.) chidesteri Dyar and Cx. (Cux.) dolosus (Lynch Arribálzaga) (Casal 1967) . Casal mentioned only that the larvae were collected in a flooded depression.</p><p>Taxonomy. The larva of Cx. ameliae is very similar to the larva of Cx. chidesteri . The latter differs from Cx. ameliae in the following characters: the length of seta 4-M is less than 0.50 of 5-M, the thorax has spicules longer than 10 µm, the siphon is darker, seta 1a-S is inserted within the pecten and the last pecten spine is more widely separated from the others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/785687E1FFE1FFB8D2A5FEDCFE012EDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Laurito, Magdalena;Almirón, Walter Ricardo;Rossi, Gustavo Carlos	Laurito, Magdalena, Almirón, Walter Ricardo, Rossi, Gustavo Carlos (2011): Description of the immature stages of Culex (Culex) ameliae Casal and Culex (Culex) articularis Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa 2778: 58-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202653
785687E1FFE5FFBAD2A5F9B0FC772CF4.text	785687E1FFE5FFBAD2A5F9B0FC772CF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culex (Culex) articularis Philippi	<div><p>Culex (Culex) articularis Philippi</p><p>Culex articularis Philippi, 1865: 596 (A). Type locality: Casa Pangue, Llanquihue, Chile (USNM). Stone et al. 1959. Dyar 1928: 358 (M*, F). Lane 1951: 334 (syn. of archegus Dyar). Lane 1953: 362 (M*, F). Forattini 1965: 145 (M*). Bram 1967: 23 (M*, L*; syn., neotype designation).</p><p>PUPA (Fig. 4): Placement and character of setae as figured; number of branches in Table 3. Cephalothorax (Fig. 4 a): integument yellowish, homogeneously colored; distal half of maxillary palpus and median keel slightly tan, metanotum yellowish to tan. Trumpet conical to cylindrical, uniformly tanned, length 0.56–0.67 mm, width 0.12– 0.17 mm, index 3.94–4.67. Abdomen (Fig. 4 b): length 2.74–3.62 mm; integument yellowish, medio-apical and basal area of each segment slightly tan. Seta 1-I fanlike with 20–35 aciculate branches. Setae 9-II,IV,VII longer (more than double) than 9-I,III,V,VI. Genital lobe: tan, smooth in both sexes, males: length 0.25–0.40 mm, wrinkled ventrally; female: length 0.17 mm. Paddle: length 0.87–0.92 mm, width 0.69–0.80 mm; index 1.24–1.29; yellowish, smooth, midrib thick and strong, as long as paddle. Seta 2-Pa stronger than 1-Pa.</p><p>a = not found, alveolus without seta.</p><p>LARVA (fourth-instar) (Figs. 5, 6): Placement and character of setae as in Fig. 5; range and modal number of branches in Table 4. Head (Fig. 5 a): wider (1.40 mm) than long (1.06 mm), oval, heavily tanned, distal half of lateralia lighter. Hypostomal suture extends to collar. Collar narrow, brown. Dorsomentum brown (Fig. 5 b), teeth pointed, not sharp, with 7 or 8 teeth on each side of median tooth. Maxilla (Fig. 6): 6- Mx single, 1.53 longer than 14-C. Setae 0,2-C single, in dorsal position, setae 1,3,4-C also single, setae 5–7-C fanlike with aciculate branches, 15-C generally triple, 16,17-C absent. Antenna: length 0.56–0.62 mm (0.58 mm), tanned; basal ring darker. Spicules uniformly distributed, shorter and more evident on distal third. Seta 1-A fanlike with 20–26 aciculate branches, inserted 0.39–0.46 mm (0.41 mm) from base. Thorax (Fig. 5 c): integument hyaline, apparently glabrous, minute spicules 2.5–5.0 µm or shorter, exceptionally up to 10 µm. Tubercles of large dorsal setae tanned, tubercles of setae 9–12-M,T with 2 strong, sclerotized denticles, lateral to seta 12-M and/or 10-T, or with a crown of 5–7 sclerotized denticles. Setae 1–8,12-P aciculate, seta 4-P 0.70 length of 1-P. Seta 1-M quadruple in general, length 0.26–0.34 mm (0.29 mm). Seta 1-T 0.11–0.13 mm (0.12 mm) long, setae 7,9,10-T with aciculate branches. Abdomen (Fig. 5 c): integument hyaline, coverd by minute spicules 2,5–5.0 µm. Setae: 6-I–VI; 7-I; 12-V; 1-VII and 1,3,5-VIII aciculate. Segment VIII (Fig. 5 d): with more and longer spicules (7.5–10 µm) than the other segments. Comb with 40–50 scales arranged in 4 rows, fringed apically and/or marginally. Siphon: length 1.41–1.55 mm (1.50 mm), width 0.31–0.35 (0.32 mm), index 4.03–5.21 (4.68). Uniformly tanned, including acus, basal margin darker. Pecten on basal 0.23 with 10–14 spines, with 2 or 3 basal denticles. Seta 1-S in 5 pairs distal to pecten, seta 1d-S not in line with the others. Length of seta 1a-S 0.87 width of siphon. Setae 2,6,9-S single. Segment X: saddle complete, length 0.35–0.40 mm (0.37 mm), tanned, basal margin, dorsal and middle of posterior margin slightly darker. Segment covered with spicules that are more evident on posterior margin. Siphon/saddle index 3.87–4.43 (4.05). Seta 4-X in 6 pairs. Anal papillae slender, tapering toward apex, ventral pair lightly shorter than the dorsal pair.</p><p>Material examined. 3Pe, 6Le, as follow: ARGENTINA, Río Negro Province, Estancia El Rincón spring of Valcheta stream (40º 59´26.7´´ S – 66° 40´37.3´´ O), 05-XII-2006, Donato coll.</p><p>Distribution. Culex articularis is known from Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Perú (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit 2001). In Argentina it is recorded from the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro (Campos &amp; Maciá 1998) and Chubut (Rossi &amp; Vezzani, unpublished data).</p><p>Bionomics. Larvae of Cx. articularis were collected in Río Negro Province, at 620 m. a.s.l. with dry and cold climate. The environment is a fertile lowland that feeds the most important spring of Valcheta stream (near El Rincón farm). The stream has abundant coastal vegetation of the genus Cortadeira. Culex articularis was found associated with amphipods of the genus Hyalella .</p><p>Seta Head Thorax Abdominal segments</p><p>no. H P M T I II III IV V VI VII VIII X 0 1 9−13 (11) - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - 40−50 20−26(21)</p><p>? = not counted.</p><p>Taxonomy. Larvae of Cx. articularis are very similar to several species of the subgenus, including Cx. eduardoi Casal &amp; García, Cx. brethesi Dyar, Cx. dolosus Lynch Arribálzaga, Cx. cuyanus Duret, Cx. archegus Dyar, Cx. carcinoxenus de Oliveira Castro and Cx. foliaceus Lane. The characters that distinguish Cx. articularis from these species are: pecten spines with one subapical denticle, longer antenna and saddle and higher siphon index in Cx. eduardoi; setae 0,2-C absent, seta 1-VIII with 7−9 branches and longer saddle in Cx. brethesi; conspicuous spicules (10−15 µm) covering the thorax and seta 3-P double in Cx. dolosus; setae 16,17-C present and one denticle in pecten spines in Cx. cuyanus; seta 1-S with 5 and 4-X with 4 elements, respectively, in Cx. archegus; Cx. carcinoxenus only inhabits crab holes; and siphon index higher than 5 and seta 1-S with 4 elements in Cx. foliaceus . Furthermore, the last three species are not recorded from Argentina.</p><p>Discussion. The fourth-instar larva of Cx. ameliae is distinguishable from other Cx. (Cux.) by the conspicuously longer seta 4-M, and the pupa by the nearly perfectly cylindrical trumpet.</p><p>The dorsal position of setae 0,2-C and the medial and separated location of setae 1,2-T relative to the other dorsal setae of the same segment easily distinguish the fourth-instar larva of Cx. articularis from other species of the subgenus. The pupa is very similar to other species of Cx. (Cux.), but differs in trumpet shape, which varies between conical and cylindrical, and having seta 2-Pa stronger than 1-Pa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/785687E1FFE5FFBAD2A5F9B0FC772CF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Laurito, Magdalena;Almirón, Walter Ricardo;Rossi, Gustavo Carlos	Laurito, Magdalena, Almirón, Walter Ricardo, Rossi, Gustavo Carlos (2011): Description of the immature stages of Culex (Culex) ameliae Casal and Culex (Culex) articularis Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa 2778: 58-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202653
