taxonID	type	description	language	source
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 5 – 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EF 43 E 5 EF- 4 DB 9 - 4184 - A 87 C- 1354 EA 32 A 410	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype 1 ♂ / Exphora bourgoini sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Sahafanjana / Manambato / (Anove) [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS). Paratypes 1 ♀ / Exphora bourgoini sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Sahafanjana / Manambato / (Anove) [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS). 1 ♀ / Exphora bourgoini sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; H. Synave det. 1956 / EXPHORA GUÉRINII [sic!] Signoret (hand written); Sahafanjana / Manambato / (Anove) [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	description	Description Body length 10.8 mm. Head. Metope twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly arched and extended laterally at 3 / 4 in its lower part, then narrowing to metopoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope weakly arched but distinctly concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metopoclypeal suture (Fig. 2 A). Metopoclypeal suture elongate (about 1 / 4 shorter than metope), triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view, metope is distinctly convex, whereas metopoclypeal suture almost straight but median keel in lateral view gently arches over surface of metopoclypeal suture, and it also protrudes above surface of metope, but in lateral view it is covered by also protruding lateral keels. Eyes round. Coryphe almost 1.5 times as wide as long (measured in the middle of the length), with anterior margin convex and distinctly angular and posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave. Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, distinctly concave posteriorly. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: median keel is in its anterior part joined to two slanting carina converging to each other almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow are joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings. Clavus elongate, reaching almost 2 / 3 of the wing length, of hyperpterism type. Costal area well developed with 11 or 12 cells between CA and Pc + CP; ScP + R short, separating; RA two-branched; RP with at least 7 terminals; MP separating before nodal line; MP 1 + 2 separating before nodal line, after the third terminal, clearly forked at the same level as stigma; MP 3 + 4 separating, before nodal line; MP 4 single, MP 3 short, separating before nodal line, after the first terminal. CuA forking before nodal line and before MP; 3 – 4 transverse veins connecting CuP and PCu + A 1 (more often one, sometimes two connecting CuP and PCu before joining with A 1 and two or three veins connecting CuP and PCu + A 1). A 1 running parallel to posterior margin of clavus. Cubital cell twice as long, or even more, than postcostal cell, radial cell and median cell. Radial cell sometimes separated by a transverse vein. C 1 based well before C 2 – C 5; C 2 and C 4 in contact sharing MP margin. C 1, C 2, C 3 and C 4 of similar length, C 5 about 2 times longer. Eighteen or nineteen apical cells. Stigma longitudinal and dark-brown, well visible, including 4 short veins running to edge of wing (Fig. 3 A). Hind wings. Well developed, 4 / 5 of the fore wings’ length. Hyaline with brown veins. Almost twice long as wide in midline (ratio length to width: 2.2 – 2.4). Eleven apical cells (Fig. 3 A). Legs. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs: Femur about 2 / 3 of tibia length, irregular in cross-section, margins of femur covered with small bristles, inner margin bears small spines. Tibiae long and thin, trapezoidal in cross-section, margins covered with small bristles, lateral margins with double row of bristles (e. g., Fig. 4). Metathoracic legs. Metafemur margins covered with small bristles. Metatibia twice as long as metafemur, triangular in cross-section with concave ventral side. Margins of metatibia covered with small, barely visible bristles. Lateral margin with four lateral spines, three of which are distinct and one is weakly visible. Metatibiotarsal formula 8 / 8 / 2. Colouration. General colouration yellowish-brown, more contrastingly coloured than most species of this genus. Metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels red-brown stripes passing along the metope. Eyes slightly darker than background; ocelli with dark rim. Posterior margin of pronotum and mesonotum contoured by a distinct dark line, similar to all darkly marked convex keels on the mesonotum. Lateral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Femur and tibia colouration uniform-yellowishbrown, spines of metatibia brown, darker than tibia, the sharp end of the spike is black. Prothoracic legs darker than meso- and metathoracic legs. Genitalia. Male. Pygofer with hind margin convex. Aedeagus s. l. narrow, falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase overreaching half-length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with one long apical finger-shaped process bearing very small denticles. Subapical process smaller and slightly curved. Ventral process (aedeagus s. s.) with inner part duck-head shaped, outer part elongated in distal part with finger-shaped apical process and smaller triangular subapical process (Fig. 5 A). Anal tube rather robust, weakly narrowed basally and enlarged apically in dorsal view with two horn-like angles. Anal column elongate, about 0.5 times anal tube length (Fig. 5 B). Gonostyle triangle-shaped with smooth roundish edges, lateral margin of gonostyle slightly concave; capitulum wide and folded, bearing subapical spiralling tooth on inner side (Fig. 5 C). Female. Endogonocoxal process well sclerotized with slightly rounded apex and delicate subapical indentation on the inner side. Gonoplac (third valvula) semi-circular in lateral view with dorsal margin slightly convoluted innerly (Fig. 6 A). Median part of sternite VII sinuous at ventral side with distinct acute incision in the middle. Genitalia with anal tube relatively short, broadly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 6 B). Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) almost triangular, strongly sclerotized and bearing three teeth on dorsal margin, and one relatively large tooth with smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 6 C). Gonapophyses VIII not visible externally, covered by gonoplacs. Gonapophyses IX (second valvular) well developed, sclerotized with apical ends not confluent, bearing very small quite abundant spikes, acute at apex (Fig. 6 D). Measurements (in mm, females in parentheses). Body length: – (10.80); head width (with eyes): 1.84 (1.80 – 1.97); metope length: 1.87 (2.02 – 2.08); metope width: 1.14 (1.22 – 1.25); metope length / metope width ratio: 1.64 (1.66 – 1.67); coryphe length: 0.38 (0.44 – 0.45); coryphe width: 0.77 (0.87 – 0.89); coryphe length / coryphe width ratio: 0.49 (0.50 – 0.51); fore wing length: 8.63 (8.64 – 8.73); fore wing width: 4.23 (4.44); mesonotum length: 2.02 (1.94 – 2.13); mesonotum width: 1.95 (2.11 – 2.29).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exphora bourgoini sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the pattern of dark-brown longitudinal stigma including four short veins running to edge of wing, metope with wide brown stripes, horned anal tube, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of this new species is dedicated to professor Thierry Bourgoin, an excellent Fulgoromorphan specialist from the Institute of the Systematic Evolution and Biodiversity, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629770F643E04FAFDB130FA07.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Sahafanjana [16 ° 32 ’ 28.9 ” S, 49 ° 47 ’ 02.4 ” E] (Fig. 7).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	description	(Figs 1 B, 2 B, 3 B, 8 – 9) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 2 CE 1 AF 5 - 08 FC- 4 E 67 - B 41 F-D 297 F 91973 F 5	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype 1 ♂ / Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Ile Sainte Marie / forêt de Kalalao / III- 60 Andria R. [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS). Paratypes 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ / Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Ile Sainte Marie / forêt de Kalalao / III- 60 Andria R. [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	description	Description Body length 10.7 – 11.1 mm. Head. Metope almost twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly arched and extended laterally at level of 3 / 4 in its lower part, then narrowing to metopoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope weakly arcuately but distinctly concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metopoclypeal suture (Fig. 2 B). Metopoclypeal suture elongate (about 1 / 4 shorter than metope) and triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view, metope distinctly convex, whereas metopoclypeal suture almost straight, the median keel in lateral view gently arches over surface of metopoclypeal suture, and it also protrudes above surface of metope, but in lateral view it is almost all covered by also protruding lateral keels. Eyes not quite round (hind edge of the eye almost straight). Coryphe almost 1.5 times as wide as long, with anterior margin convex and strongly angular and posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave. Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, distinctly concave posteriorly. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: median keel is in its anterior part joined to two slanting lines converging to each other almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow are joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings. Clavus elongate, reaching almost 2 / 3 the length of the whole wing, of hyperpterism type. Costal area well developed with 12 – 15 cells between CA and Pc + CP; ScP + R short; RA two-branched; RP with 6 – 9 (mostly 7 – 8) terminals; MP separating before nodal line; MP 1 + 2 separating before nodal line, 3 – 4 terminals (mostly 3), after the last terminal, clearly forked at the same level as stigma; MP 3 + 4 separating before nodal line; with 1 terminal; MP 4 single, MP 3 short, with 1 terminal, separating before nodal line. CuA forking before nodal line and before MP; two or three transverse veins connecting CuP and PCu + A 1 (one vein connecting CuP and PCu before joining with A 1 and one or two connecting CuP and PCu + A 1). A 1 running parallel to posterior margin of clavus. Cubital cell at least twice as long as postcostal cell, radial cell and median cell. Radial cell separated by a transverse vein. C 1 usually separated by a transverse vein. C 1 based well before C 2 – C 5; C 2 and C 4 in contact sharing MP margin. C 1 longer than C 2, C 3 and C 4, C 5 about 2 times longer than C 2, C 3 and C 4. Seventeen to twenty-one apical cells. Stigma well visible, including cell created by disjunction of ScP + RA (with dark brown spot within cell) and 4 – 5 short veins running to edge of wing (slightly paler cells) (Fig. 3 B). Hind wings. Well developed, 4 / 5 of the fore wings’ length. Hyaline with brown veins. Almost twice long as wide in midline (ratio length to width: 2.2 – 2.4). Twelve apical cells (Fig. 3 B). Legs. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs: Femur about 2 / 3 of tibia length, irregular in cross-section, margins of femur covered with small bristles, inner margin bear small spines. Tibiae long and thin, trapezoidal in cross-section, margins covered with small bristles, lateral margins with double row of bristles. Metathoracic legs. Metafemur margins covered with small bristles. Metatibia twice as long as metafemur, triangular in cross-section with concave ventral side. Margins of metatibia covered with small, barely visible bristles. Lateral margin with four lateral spines, three of which are distinct and one weakly visible. Metatibiotarsal formula 8 / 8 / 2. Colouration. General colouration yellowish-brown. Metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels red-brown stripes passing (but thinner than in the previous species) along the metope. Eyes distinctly darker than background. Ocelli with delicate rim, blurred at the back. Posterior margin of pronotum and mesonotum contoured by a distinct dark line, similar to all darkly marked convex keels on mesonotum. Lateral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. All legs in the same colour as the rest of the body. Femur and tibia colouration uniform yellowish-brown, spines brown, darker than tibia, the sharp end of the spike black. Genitalia. Male. Pygofer with hind margin convex. Aedeagus s. l. U-shaped, robust (thick) in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching half-length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with one long apical finger-shaped process bearing abundant small denticles. Subapical process smaller and sharp ended. Aedeagus s. s. with inner part club-shaped, outer part lobate, narrow on the whole length, slightly sharpened with delicate indentation on its apical part (Fig. 8 A). Anal tube rather robust, enlarged apically in dorsal view with slightly convex lateral margin in the middle; anal column short, about 0.43 times anal tube length (Fig. 8 B). Gonostyle triangle-shaped (but slightly elongated) with smooth roundish edges, lateral margin of gonostyle slightly concave; capitulum wide and folded, bearing subapical spiralling tooth on inner side (Fig. 8 C). Female. Genitalia with anal tube relatively short, broadly rounded in dorsal view. Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) rather triangular, elongated, strongly sclerotized and bearing two teeth on dorsal margin and one relatively large tooth, bearing smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 9 A). Gonapophyses VIII not visible externally, covered by gonoplacs. Gonapophyses IX (second valvular) confluent with endogonocoxal processes forming triangular structure (Fig. 9 B). Gonoplac (third valvula) semi-circular in lateral view (Fig. 9 C). Median part of sternite VII with shallow roundish incision in the middle. Measurements (in mm, females in parentheses). Body length: 10.13 (10.69 – 11.0); head width (with eyes): 1.81 (1.89 – 1.93); metope length: 1.93 (1.90 – 2.01); metope width: 1.10 (1.20 – 1.21); metope length / metope width ratio: 1.75 (1.58 – 1.66); coryphe length: 0.49 (0.44 – 0.48); coryphe width: 0.83 (0.89); coryphe length / coryphe width ratio: 0.49 (0.44 – 0.48); fore wing length: 8.34 (9.17 – 9.25); fore wing width: 3.77 (4.51 – 4.66); mesonotum length: 1.81 (1.88 – 1.97); mesonotum width: 2.01 (2.08 – 2.27).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by a stigma which includes cell created by disjunction of ScP + RA (with dark brown spot within cell) and 4 – 5 short veins running to edge of wing, metope with wide brown stripes, anal tube with obtuse lateral margins, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of species is connected with place where specimens were collected, Kalalao Forest, Sainte Marie Island, Madagascar.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297E0F603E21FA6FB465FB4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Nosy Boraha (fr. Île Sainte-Marie), Kalalao Forest [16 ° 55 ’ 32.1 ” S, 49 ° 53 ’ 10.0 ” E] (Fig. 7).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	description	(Figs 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, 10 – 11) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 5 B 7097 C- 68 BC- 46 A 3 - B 8 FA- 511795 E 141 EF	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype 1 ♂ / Exphora angustivenosa sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Madagascar / Nosy Komba [blue label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label] (RBINS). Paratypes 1 ♂ / Exphora angustivenosa sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. / Madagascar / Nossi-Be / Ex Coll. Le Moult [green label] (RBINS); 1 ♀ / Exphora angustivenosa sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. / Madagascar / Nosy Komba [blue label] (RBINS). 1 ♀ / Exphora angustivenosa sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. [blue label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [white label]; Madagascar Sambirano / Nosy-Be / forêt de Lokobe / I- 60 / Andria Robinson [white label] (RBINS).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	description	Description Body length 12.35 – 12.60 mm. Head. Metope twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly arched and extended laterally at level of 3 / 4 in its lower part, then narrowing to metopoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope weakly arcuately but distinctly concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metopoclypeal suture (Fig. 2 C). Metopoclypeal suture elongate (about 1 / 4 shorter than metope), triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope is distinctly convex, whereas metopoclypeal suture almost straight. Median keel in lateral view gently arches above the surface of the metopoclypeal suture and it also protrudes clearly above surface of metope, so that in lateral view it is still visible, and rather not covered by slightly protruding lateral keels. The eyes not quite round (hind edge of the eye almost straight). Coryphe almost 1.5 times as wide as long, with anterior margin strongly convex and strongly angular, and posterior margin distinctly and very arcuately concave. Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, distinctly concave posteriorly. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: median keel is in its anterior part joined to two slanting lines converging to each other almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow are joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings. Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of whole wing length, of hyperpterism type. Costal area well developed with 10 or 11 cells between CA and Pc + CP; ScP + R short, separating; RA two-branched; RP with 5 – 7 terminals; MP separating before nodal line; MP 1 + 2 separating before nodal line, after the third or fourth terminal, clearly forked at the same level as stigma; MP 3 + 4 separating, before nodal line; MP 4 single, MP 3 short, separating before nodal line, after the first terminal. CuA forking before nodal line and before MP. Two or three transverse veins connecting CuP and PCu + A 1 (one vein connecting CuP and PCu before joining with A 1 and one or two connecting CuP and PCu + A 1). A 1 running parallel to posterior margin of clavus. Cubital cell at least twice as long as postcostal cell, radial cell and median cell. C 1 based well before, C 2, C 3 and C 4; C 5 starts at a similar level as C 1; C 2 and C 4 in contact sharing MP margin. C 1, C 2, C 3 and C 4 of similar length, C 5 about 2 times longer. Eighteen to nineteen apical cells. Stigma longitudinal and brown, well visible, includes 3 - 4 (mostly 3) short veins running to edge of wing (Fig. 3 C). Hind wings: Well developed, 4 / 5 of the fore wings’ length. Hyaline with brown veins. Almost twice long as wide in midline (ratio length to width: 2.2 – 2.4). Eleven apical cells (Fig. 3 C). Legs. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs: Femur about 2 / 3 of tibia length, irregular in cross-section, margins of femur covered with small bristles, inner margin bear small spines. Tibiae long and thin, trapezoidal in cross-section, margins covered with small bristles, lateral margins with double row of bristles. Metathoracic legs: Metafemur margins covered with small bristles. Metatibia twice as long as metafemur, triangular in cross-section with concave ventral side. Margins of metatibia covered with small, barely visible bristles. Lateral margin with four lateral spines, three of which are distinct and one is weakly visible. Metatibiotarsal formula 8 / 8 / 2. Colouration. The species is paler than the previous one. General colouration ochre-lightbrown, metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels red-brown thin stripes passing (much thinner than the previous two species) passing along the metope. Eyes darker than background, almost black, ocelli with delicate rim, blurred at the back. Posterior margin of pronotum and mesonotum gently contoured by a very thin dark line, all convex keels on the mesonotum also darker than the background. Mesonotum at the proximal part with two small spots, with two larger irregular spots on each side, and at the distal part with two small but distinct spots. Lateral margins of tergites of abdomen light brown. Wings hyaline with red-brown veins. Legs ochre-lightbrown, metatibial spines of the same colour except for the tip that is black. Genitalia. Male. Pygofer with hind margin convex. Aedeagus s. l. arched, robust in lateral view. Ventral phallobase not reaching half-length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with long fusiform process reaching the apex of aedeagus, apical process semi-circularly covered by abundant denticles, the lateral margin serrate, subapical process absent. Inner phallobase lobes spatulate, slightly curved, narrow on the base and wider on apices. Aedeagus s. s. long and fusiform (Fig. 10 A). Anal tube rather robust, enlarged apically in dorsal view with concave lateral margin and roundish lateral margins. Anal column length about 0.54 times anal tube length (Fig. 10 B). Gonostyle oval, elongated. Capitulum wide and folded, bearing subapical tooth on inner side (Fig. 10 C). Female. Endogonocoxal process, well developed, apical ends roundish, with well visible incision, inner margin strongly sclerotized. Gonoplac (third valvula) semi-circular in lateral view (Fig. 11 A). Median part of sternite VII with distinct roundish incision in the middle. Genitalia with anal tube relatively short, broadly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 11 B). Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) almost trapezoidal, elongated, strongly sclerotized and bearing three teeth on dorsal margin and one large, long tooth, bearing smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 11 C). Gonapophyses VIII not visible externally, covered by gonoplacs. Gonapophyses IX (second valvular) sclerotized, confluent with endogonocoxal processes (Fig. 11 D). Measurements (in mm, females in parentheses). Body length: 12.35 (12.60); head width (with eyes): 2.00 (1.93 – 2.00); metope length: 2.18 (1.84 – 2.14); metope width: 1.28 (1.27 – 1.30); metope length / metope width ratio: 1.70 (1.41 – 1.68); coryphe length: 0.68 (0.60 – 0.67); coryphe width: 0.98 (0.83 – 0.90); coryphe length / coryphe width ratio: 0.69 (0.72 – 0.74); fore wing length: 10.46 (10.17 – 10.99); fore wing width: 5.13 (4.78 – 5.32); mesonotum length: 2.40 (2.32 – 2.36); mesonotum width: 2.25 (2.12 – 2.15).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exphora angustivenosa sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size (it is bigger than other representatives of this genus), small brown longitudinal stigma which includes 3 – 4 (mostly 3) short veins running to edge of wing, metope with thin brown stripes, anal tube with roundish lateral margins, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of species refers to the thin veins on the fore wings.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
79533876297A0F633DA3FAAAB01AFB75.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Nosy Ambariovato, Nosy Komba [13 ° 28 ’ 18.7 ” S, 48 ° 20 ’ 54.2 ” E]; Nosy Be, Lokobe Forest [13 ° 23 ’ 36.8 ” S, 48 ° 18 ’ 42.4 ” E] (Fig. 7).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D, 2 D, 3 D, 12 – 13) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 702486 F 8 - 43 C 2 - 4845 - 9 AE 3 - 9189 D 299 CEE 9	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype 1 ♂ / Exphora robusta sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. Mus. Tervuren / Madagascar: Tamata / ve: Foul pointe XI- / 1995 A. Pauly [white label] (RMCA). Paratypes 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ / Exphora robusta sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. Mus. Tervuren / Madagascar: Tamata / ve: Foul pointe XI- / 1995 A. Pauly [white label] (RMCA).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	description	Description Body length 9.5 – 10.25 mm. Head. Metope twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly arched and extended laterally at level 3 / 4 in its lower part, then narrowing to metopoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope very weakly arcuately concave (almost straight). Median keel distinct, running through metope and metopoclypeal suture (Fig. 2 D). Metopoclypeal suture elongate, equal to 3 / 4 of the metope length, triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view, the metope is distinctly convex, whereas the metopoclypeal suture is almost straight. Median keel gently arches over surface of metopoclypeal suture and protrudes slightly above surface of the metope, bottom part is hidden by gently protruding lateral keels. The eyes rather round (hind edge of the eye almost straight). Coryphe almost 1.5 times as wide as long, with anterior margin convex and distinctly angular and posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave. Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, distinctly concave posteriorly. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: median keel is in its anterior part joined to two slanting lines converging to each other almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow are joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings. Clavus elongate, reaching almost 2 / 3 the length of the whole wing, of hyperpterism type. Costal area well developed with 13 – 14 cells between CA and Pc + CP; ScP + R short, separating; RA two-branched; RP with at least 8 terminals; MP separating before nodal line; MP 1 + 2 separating before nodal line, 3 – 5 terminals (mostly 3), after the last terminal, clearly forked at the same level as stigma; MP 3 + 4 separating, before nodal line; with 2 – 3 terminals (sometimes 1); MP 4 single, MP 3 short, with 1 – 2 terminals, separating before nodal line, after the last terminal. CuA forking before nodal line and before MP; two or three transverse veins connecting CuP and PCu + A 1 (one vein connecting CuP and PCu before joining with A 1 and one or two connecting CuP and PCu + A 1). A 1 running parallel to posterior margin of clavus. Cubital cell twice as long, or even more, than postcostal cell, radial cell and median cell. Radial cell separated by a transvers vein. C 1 based well before C 2 - C 5; C 2 and C 4 in contact sharing MP margin. C 1 longer than C 2, C 3 and C 4, C 5 about 2 times longer than C 2, C 3 and C 4. Nineteen to twenty one apical cells. Stigma well visible, includes cell created by disjunction of ScP + RA (with dark brown spot within cell) and 4 short veins running to edge of wing (slightly paler cells) (Fig. 3 D). Hind wings. Well developed, 4 / 5 of the fore wings’ length. Hyaline with brown veins. Almost twice long as wide in midline (ratio length to width: 2.2 – 2.4). Thirteen apical cells (Fig. 3 D). Legs. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs: Femur about 2 / 3 of tibia length, irregular in cross-section, margins of femur covered with small bristles, inner margin bear small spines. Tibiae long and thin, trapezoidal in cross-section, margins covered with small bristles, lateral margins with double row of bristles. Metathoracic legs. Metafemur margins covered with small bristles. Metatibia twice as long as metafemur, triangular in cross-section with concave ventral side. Margins of metatibia covered with small, barely visible bristles. Lateral margin with four lateral spines, three of which are distinct and one is weakly visible. Metatibiotarsal formula 8 / 8 / 2. Colouration. General colouration brown, metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels red-brown thin stripes passing along the metope. Eyes darker than background, almost black, ocelli darker than background, without rim. The hind edge of the pronotum and mesonotum is contoured by a distinct dark line, similar like all dark marked convex keels on the mesonotum. Lateral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Legs brown like the rest of the body. Metatibial spines dark brown with black tip. Genitalia. Male. Pygofer with hind margin convex. Aedeagus s. l. falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase overreaching half-length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with one long apical finger-shaped process bearing very small denticles. Subapical process smaller and slightly curved. Inner part of ventral process (aedeagus s. s.) short and robust, duck-head shaped, outer part finger-shaped with apical process and smaller triangular subapical well visible process (Fig. 12 A). Anal tube rather robust, weakly narrowed basally and enlarged apically in dorsal view with two horn-like edges. Anal column elongated, about 0.5 times anal tube length (Fig. 12 B). The dorsal and lateral margins of gonostyle form a right angle, ventral margin oval; capitulum folded, bearing subapical spiralling tooth on inner side (Fig. 12 C). Female. Endogonocoxal process, well sclerotized with slightly rounded apex. Gonoplac (third valvula) semi-circular in lateral view (Fig. 13 A). Median part of sternite VII with distinct, wide triangular incision in the middle. Genitalia with anal tube relatively short, broadly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 13 B). Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) rather short, almost trapezoidal, strongly sclerotized and bearing three short teeth on dorsal margin and one relatively large tooth, bearing smaller subapical tooth (Fig. 13 C). Gonapophyses VIII not visible externally, covered by gonoplacs. Gonapophyses IX (second valvular) sclerotized, confluent with endogonocoxal processes, forming bell-mouthed immersion (Fig. 13 D). Measurements (in mm, females in parentheses). Body length: 9.48 (10.04 – 10.24); head width (with eyes): 1.73 (1.66 – 1.77); metope length: 1.90 (1.86 – 1.90); metope width: 0.98 (1.09 – 1.24); metope length / metope width ratio: 1.94 (1.50 – 1.74); coryphe length: 0.43 (0.44 – 0.49); coryphe width: 0.85 (0.82 – 0.92); coryphe length / coryphe width ratio: 0.50 (0.53 – 0.54); fore wing length: 8.52 (8.41 – 8.63); fore wing width: 4.26 (3.92 – 4.41); mesonotum length: 1.81 (1.96 – 2.02); mesonotum width: 2.17 (2.10 – 2.12).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exphora robusta sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size (it is smaller and more robust than other species of this genus), brown rounded stigma which includes four short veins running to edge of wing (colouration is slightly paler on those cells), metope with wide brown stripes, horned anal tube, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is given according to the robust appearance of the body of this species.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629790F7F3E04FB58B736F8E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Toamasina, Tamatava [18 ° 08 ’ 05.0 ” S, 49 ° 22 ’ 00.9 ” E] (Fig. 7).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629650F7B3E04FBC4B71BFB3B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined 1 ♂ / Exphora linnavuorii / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B. / Madagascar (2090 m) / Plateau Soaindrana [blue label] (RBINS).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629650F7B3E04FBC4B71BFB3B.taxon	description	Description Description consistent with the holotype of Exphora linnavuorii Junkiert, Walczak & Bourgoin 2017. Unlike the type specimen whose body is ochre-light brown (metope with keels distinctly red), this form has a light green body throughout (metope with keels distinctly reddish). Wings hyaline, with green veins (veins of the type specimen are light brown). Legs of the type specimen are ochre-light brown (anterior and median legs with darker colour shade), while this form has light green legs with spikes on metatibiae in the same colour as the leg and the sharp end of the spike is black. Measurements (in mm, only male). Body length: 9.63; head width (with eyes): 1.61; metope length: 1.72; metope width: 0.97; metope length / metope width ratio: 1.77; coryphe length: 0.47; coryphe width: 0.69; coryphe length / coryphe width ratio: 0.68; fore wing length: 8.02; fore wing width: 3.43; mesonotum length: 1.90; mesonotum width: 2.10.	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629650F7B3E04FBC4B71BFB3B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Plateau Soaindrana [21 ° 31 ’ 13.2 ” S, 47 ° 02 ’ 18.6 ” E] (Fig. 7).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
7953387629650F7B3E04FBC4B71BFB3B.taxon	description	Ultrastructural characters The terminology used for specific parts of the body and sensilla is taken from Bourgoin and Deiss (1994), Brożek and Bourgoin (2013) and Schubnel et al. (2019). The use of a scanning microscope allowed to visualize some interesting structures that have not been presented for members of the genus Exphora so far. The images show what the compound eye looks like (Fig. 15 A) and how trichoid sensilla are arranged on it (Fig. 15 B). They are not evenly distributed and do not adhere to each ommatidium. The antennal pedicel is short and knobbed, with over a dozen sensory plate organs (Fig. 15 C). Moreover, the antennae are covered with numerous sensilla chaetica type I, as well as shorter hairs with rounded ends (Fig. 15 D). In figure 15 C, the flagellum is broken at the base. Figure 16 shows the whole head in lateral view, with marked structures, in particular the subsequent segments of the labium. Each metatarsomere is covered with numerous, long trichobothria (Fig. 17). Distal margins of each metatarsomere bear spikes with longitudinal reticulation. Metatibiae are provided with distinct spines (4 or 5, depending on the species) and sensilla chaetica type II (Fig. 18). Figure 19 presents the ventral surface of the fore wing with description of particular veins and cells, corresponding to the descriptions given above. The SEM images show that in this group of tropiduchids, the pterostigma is not a structural character, but corresponds to an area of pigmentation of certain cells and veins. On the ventral side of the fore wing, a micro-sculpture on the veins is noticeable, which may have a strengthening function (Fig. 20 A, B). On the dorsal side of the fore wing, sensilla chaetica type II occur only on the margin of the wing, while on the ventral side they occur all over the margin and on the veins of the membrane (Fig. 20 C, D). At the ventral side of the first anal vein (fore wing) campaniform sensilla (mechanoreceptors) and sensilla chaetica type I are present (Fig. 20 E – F). The area of microtrichia was found at the costa posterior vein of the fore wing (ventral side) (Fig. 21 A – D). Examination of the area where the wing is attached to the body (Fig. 22 A) showed that the thorax has a special depression where the postcubitus bulla (Fig. 22 B) is hidden when the wings are folded on the body. In addition, the area of microtrichia at the mesopleuron has also been observed, and – while the wings are placed on the body – this area is in contact with the area of microtrichia at the costa posterior vein of the fore wing (Fig. 22 C – D). Figure 23 presents how tegula and basal part of the wing look like, when the fore wing is placed on the body. The hind wing is covered dorsally with sensilla chaetica type II on each vein (the jugal area was rolled up under the wing so it cannot be seen in the picture) (Fig. 24). The SEM pictures of both wings show the hamuli in Exphora that allow the wings of insects to remain connected in flight (Fig. 25). For members of the genus Exphora, the hamuli take the form of a fold at the edge of both wings. A higher magnification shows that the hamuli on the hind wing is covered with spines (Fig. 26 A – B). A cuticular micro-sculpture of the fused veins (ScP + R + M) on the proximal part of the hind wing (Fig. 26 C – D) was also observed. Each metacoxa presents a protrusion shaped as a spine (Fig. 27 A – B). At higher magnification, a dense pad of microtrichia can be observed (Fig. 27 C – D).	en	Junkiert, Łukasz, Walczak, Marcin, Bugaj-Nawrocka, Agnieszka (2021): Four new species of the Madagascan genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae: Elicini) with comments on some hitherto undescribed ultrastructural characters. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (1): 15-49, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20363/bzb-2021.70.1.015
