identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
928EE4C28CCB6BBE77932AFA91CDC3AD.text	928EE4C28CCB6BBE77932AFA91CDC3AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinotermes Castro & Scheffrahn	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Echinotermes Castro &amp; Scheffrahn gen. n.</p>
            <p>Type-species.</p>
            <p> Echinotermes biriba sp. n. </p>
            <p>Imago. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Description of worker.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1). Monomorphic. Head capsule and antennae a light yellowish colour; pronotum pale yellow; legs hyaline. Head covered with approx. 30 longer setae (0.1 mm) and approx. 100 shorter setae (≤ 0.05 mm) (Fig. 1A). In lateral view, dorsal surface of the head capsule slightly convex; postclypeus is moderately inflated. Antennae with 14 articles. Pronotum with four or five long setae and numerous short hairs. Mandibles with apical teeth more prominent than first marginal teeth; left mandible with M1+2 equilateral, M3 forming right angle, molar prominence projecting in line with apical tooth; right mandible with concave margin between M1 and M2 (Fig. 1B).</p>
            <p>Fore-tibia moderately inflated (Fig. 1C) and covered with approx. 60 longer setae and approx. 40 shorter setae; pilosity denser apically. Third (external) spur very small. Femur with approx. 20 sparse large setae. Tibial spurs 2:2:2.</p>
            <p>Digestive tube (Fig. 1D) with very large crop, more voluminous than paunch (P3). Mesenteron forming complete 360° loop. Mesenteric tongue short, truncate. First proctodeal segment tubular, equal diameter throughout and visible its entire length in ventral view. Enteric valve seating trilobed, with smaller lobe not visible in intact gut. Enteric valve with six cushions, terminating at the opening to the P3 as spiny spheroids (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The crop of  E. biriba is unusually large and the enteric valve armature, consisting of six spherical pectinate pads, is unique among all apicotermitine genera. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Mandibles of  Rubeotermes jheringi and  Humutermes krishnai are very similar to  E. biriba , but the first marginal teeth of  E. biriba are less prominent that those two genera. The diagnostic character of  E. biriba is the enteric valve armature which is also spiked in the  Humutermes enteric valve (EV) but in  E. biriba the EV  armature is spherical while in  Humutermes it is rather flat.  Humutermes species are smaller than  Echinotermes . The enteric valve of  Grigiotermes is composed of six uniform pectinate plates, while in  Patawatermes the uniform plates are hemispherical. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>From the Latin Echino, meaning spiny, describing the EV armature.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/928EE4C28CCB6BBE77932AFA91CDC3AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Castro, Daniel;Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.;Carrijo, Tiago F.	Castro, Daniel, Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F. (2018): Echinotermesbiriba, a new genus and species of soldierless termite from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon (Termitidae, Apicotermitinae). ZooKeys 748: 21-30, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.748.24253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.748.24253
2401ECB1740110C71CE9F1F226246D47.text	2401ECB1740110C71CE9F1F226246D47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinotermes biriba Castro & Scheffrahn	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Echinotermes biriba Castro &amp; Scheffrahn sp. n.</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>Worker from colony CATAC 2736.</p>
            <p>Type-locality.</p>
            <p> COLOMBIA:  Caquetá ,  Belén de los  Andaquíes (1.60794, -75.88683). </p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p> PERU: Pasco, Oxapampa, Chatarra forest, (-10.51303, -75.07276), 24/05/2014, 556 m, 14 workers (UF no. PU 144). Additional material: COLOMBIA:  Caquetá ,  Belén de los  Andaquíes , Camino  Andaquí (1.60794, -75.88683), 31/01/2017, 625 m, 10 workers (CATAC 2736). </p>
            <p>Description of worker.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1, Table 1) EV armature consists of six prominent spheroids each covered with robust spiny armature; three larger (ca. 30-35 spines) and three smaller (15-20 spines) alternate inside the EV seating. Enteric valve with six unsclerotized cushions some four times longer than wide, each composed of approx. 10-20 ovoid scales.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Unique armature of EV composed of alternating larger and smaller spheroids covered with robust spines.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>See genus remarks above.</p>
            <p>Ecology and distribution.</p>
            <p> In Colombia,  E. biriba foragers were collected in the same soil sample (0-10 cm depth) with  Longustitermes manni . Gut contents confirm that  E. biriba feeds on soil organic matter. This species is only known from the Chatarra forest in the southern Peruvian Amazon, and in a mature secondary forest in the northern Colombian Amazon (Fig. 4). </p>
            <p>Molecular analysis.</p>
            <p> The gene tree recovered the Neotropical  Apicotermitinae (NA) as monophyletic, however, the position of  Echinotermes biriba inside this clade could not be established with this single gene. The low posterior probability of almost  every first branching clades in the NA group should be interpreted as a big polytomy, and the new genus as a branch in this polytomy, just as most of the other NA genera (Fig. 3). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The species name is due to the resemblance of the EV armature with the Amazonian fruit  Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. which is known as  “biriba” in the region. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2401ECB1740110C71CE9F1F226246D47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Castro, Daniel;Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.;Carrijo, Tiago F.	Castro, Daniel, Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F. (2018): Echinotermesbiriba, a new genus and species of soldierless termite from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon (Termitidae, Apicotermitinae). ZooKeys 748: 21-30, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.748.24253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.748.24253
