identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
76388792FFD30D7EFF1E4755FB69FC4B.text	76388792FFD30D7EFF1E4755FB69FC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthana Budde-Lund 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908</p>
            <p> Type species.  Philoscia picta Brandt, 1833 by subsequent designation (Van Name 1936). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD30D7EFF1E4755FB69FC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
76388792FFD30D7EFF1E47C5FDF9FB2A.text	76388792FFD30D7EFF1E47C5FDF9FB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthana iporangensis Brasil Lima & Serejo 1993	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Benthana iporangensis Lima &amp; Serejo, 1993 </p>
            <p>(Figures 2F and 3A)</p>
            <p> Material examined.   2 males, 3 females (ISLA 96769), Brazil, S „o  Paulo state, municipality of Iporanga, cave Areias de Baixo (-24.583795º -48.700457º), 13.ii.2014, leg. R. L. Ferreira  . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Benthana iporangensis lacks pigmentation, as mentioned by Lima &amp; Serejo (1993). A photograph of a live specimen is provided in Fig. 2F. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD30D7EFF1E47C5FDF9FB2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
76388792FFD30D79FF1E4101FC46FEAE.text	76388792FFD30D79FF1E4101FC46FEAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthana alba Cardoso & Ferreira 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Benthana alba n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figures 3B, 4 and 5)</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype: male (ISLA 96766 in slide), Brazil, Pará state, municipality of  Parauapebas , cave N5 SM2 _ 0077: GEM1762 (-6.124548º -50.131116º), 12.iii.2011, leg. M. P. A. Oliveira.  Paratypes: 2 males, 1 juvenile (ISLA 96767), same data as holotype . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Pleonites 3–5 with well-developed posterior point; eyes with seven ommatidia; antennula with 19+2 aesthetascs; male pleopod 1 exopod rounded with lateral protrusion prominent acute and lobe on inner distal margin.</p>
            <p>Description. Maximum body length: male 9.5 mm. Colorless in ethanol. Body convex, outline as in Fig. 4A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing few long triangular scale-setae (Fig. 4B); noduli laterales long, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing (Fig. 4C, D). Cephalon (Fig. 4E) with suprantennal line bent downwards in middle, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of seven small ommatidia arranged in two rows. Pereonites 5–7 with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute; pleon narrower than pereon, pleonites 3–5 with well-developed posterior point acute (Fig. 4A). Telson (Fig. 4F) triangular, lateral sides straight. Antennula (Fig. 4G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing 17 lateral aesthetascs in five rows, plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 4H) long, reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, distal article longest, apical organ short. Mandibles with molar penicil of 11–13 branches, left mandible (Fig. 4I) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 4J) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 4K) inner endite with two penicils; outer endite with 4+5 teeth (5 pectinate), plus one short and simple. Maxilla (Fig. 4L) inner lobe wider than outer lobe, covered with thick setae; outer lobe distal margin sinuous, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 4M) with rectangular basis; endite rectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, dorsal face with longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae plus one short triangular seta; proximal article of palp with two setae, one longer. Pereopods slender; carpus 1 with transverse antennal grooming brush, distal seta with hand-like apex; dactylus inner claw shorter than outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 4F) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores; exopod longer than endopod; endopod inserted at same level.</p>
            <p>Male. Pereopods 1–3 (Fig. 5A, B) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 5C) without sexual dimorphism. Genital papilla (Fig. 5D) with triangular ventral shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 5D, E) exopod rounded (ratio z:y= 1.7) lateral protrusion prominent acute, lobe on inner margin; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion with line of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 5F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with three setae; endopod slender, longer than exopod. Pleopods 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 3G, H, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 5I) triangular, outer margin sinuous with three setae and transverse plumose fringe.</p>
            <p> Etymology. From the latin:  alba = white. The name refers to the lack of pigmentation in the new species. </p>
            <p> Morphological remarks.  Benthana alba n. sp. presents some troglomorphic traits such as the lack of pigmentation and the reduction in the number of ommatidia.  Benthana alba n. sp. is similar to  B. iporangensis in the lack of pigmentation, in the shape of male pleopod 1 exopod, but it differs by the number of ommatidia (7 vs. 18 in  B. iporangensis ); by the number of aesthetascs on the antennula (19+2 vs. 11+2); and the articles proportion on the antenna (distal article longest vs. first article longest). </p>
            <p> Ecological remarks. Specimens of  Benthana alba n. sp. were only found in the N5SM2_0077 cave (also known as cave GEM-1762), in the plateau N5 (Serra Norte complex) (Fig. 1). This cave comprises a small cavity with 13,5 meters of horizontal projection. It is inserted on the “canga” formation (a topmost ferruginous breccia) with its entrance located inside the forest. The external area surrounding the cave features large trees and sparse understory, in addition to abundant undergrowth. The cave is, in general, a shelter under a high external environmental influence and without completely aphotic zones. The entrance is wide (around 3.5 x 8 m) and presents a large amount of organic matter; the floor (composed of many collapsed blocks) descends through the internal wings after an abrupt drop. Inside the cave, the floor is predominantly flat and composed of granulated sediment with some pebbles and sparse boulders, and a small pile of hematophagous bat guano was observed. In the iron-ore outcrop where the N5SM2_0077 cave is located there are several other caves that were also sampled (at least twice, in both dry and rainy periods) but specimens of  B. alba n. sp. were only recorded in this cave. However, in the ferruginous subterranean systems this fact does not mean that it is restricted or rare, since many invertebrate species associated with the ferruginous subterranean systems use the interstitial voids such as the canaliculi network (Ferreira et al. 2018) (Fig. 2E). Therefore, specimens of  Benthana alba n. sp. may be randomly found in macrocaverns, and this is at least partially reinforced by the small size of this cave (and consequently low environmental stability) where the specimens were found. On the other hand, one could think that the species is not restricted to subterranean habitats; however, external surveys for soil invertebrates accomplished in the Carajás region never revealed this species, thus indicating it should be considered as troglobitic. It is worth mentioning that the canaliculi network is usually very superficial, what causes such habitats to become highly vulnerable to the mining processes that advance over the region. Therefore, even considering the lack of information about the real distribution and population density of this species, it is plausible to consider it as highly threatened due to its specific habitat, and effective loss of habitat caused by activities related to the iron ore exploitation on its occurrence area. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD30D79FF1E4101FC46FEAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
76388792FFD40D79FF1E42EDFCB1F8B3.text	76388792FFD40D79FF1E42EDFCB1F8B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthanoides Lemos de Castro 1958	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958</p>
            <p> Type species.  Benthanoides pauper (Jackson, 1926)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD40D79FF1E42EDFCB1F8B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
76388792FFD40D74FF1E439DFC50FE42.text	76388792FFD40D74FF1E439DFC50FE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthanoides amazonicus Cardoso & Ferreira 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Benthanoides amazonicus n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figures 3C, 6 and 7)</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype: male (ISLA 30597), Brazil, Pará state, municipality of  Parauapebas , cave N1_0118 (- 6.011570° -50.315151°), 17.vii–4.viii.2014, leg. Carste et al  .  Paratypes: 1 female (ISLA 30825), 7–28.i.2015 ;  1 female (ISLA 30824), 7–28.i.2015, same location as holotype . </p>
            <p> Additional material:  Brazil, Pará state, municipality of Parauapebas, leg. Carste et al.: Cave N 1_0052 (- 6.027133° -50.276070°): 1 female (ISLA 30753), 4.ix–6.x.2014 .   Cave N1_0054 (-6.020486° -50.277299°): 1 female (ISLA 30598), 11.vi–2.vii.2014  .   Cave N1_0061 (-6.029507° -50.272607°): 1 female (ISLA 30456), 24.ii– 13.iii.2015  .   Cave N1_0065 (-6.018455° -50.280455°): 1 female (ISLA 30742), 4.ix–6.x.2014  .   Cave N1_0088 (-6.017547° -50.284983°): 2 males (one in slide), 1 female (ISLA 30696). N1_0102 (-6.014371° -50.291041°): 1 female (ISLA 30458), 4.ix–6.x.2014  ;  1 male 1 female (ISLA 30461), 2–29.iv.2015 ;  2 females (ISLA 30472), 2–29.iv.2015 ;  1 male (ISLA 30724), 4.ix–6.x.2014 ;  2 males 1 female (ISLA 30730), 4.ix–6.x.2014 .   Cave N1_0106 (-6.022007° -50.306292°): 1 male (ISLA 30804 in slide), 7–28.i.2015  ;  1 female (ISLA 30585), 11.vi–2.vii.2014 .   Cave N1_0112 (-6.007904° -50.291736°): 1 female (ISLA 30438), 2–29.iv.2015  .   Cave N1_0117 (-6.011362° - 50.314673°): 1 female (ISLA 30797), 7–28.i.2015  .   Cave N1_0121 (-6.034508° -50.299373°): 2 females (ISLA 30471), 2–29.iv.2015  ;  3 females (ISLA 30748), 4.ix–6.x.2014 .   Cave N1_0124 (-6.004271° -50.287711°): 1 female (ISLA 30807), 7–28.i.2015  .   Cave N1_0125 (-6.004525° -50.287964°): 1 female (ISLA 30811), 7–28.i.2015  .   Cave N1_0128 (-6.008184° -50.291799°): 2 females (ISLA 30436), 2–29.iv.2015  .   Cave N1_0129 (-6.010355° - 50.291733°): 1 female (ISLA 30467), 2–29.iv.2015  .   Cave N1_0177 (-6.027469° -50.297973°): 1 male (ISLA 30726 part in slide), 4.ix–6.x.2014  ;  2 males (ISLA 30741) ;  1 female (ISLA 30697) ;  1 female (ISLA 30725), 2 males 1 female (ISLA 30473), 2–29.iv.2015 .   Cave N1_0178 (-6.040079° -50.291387°): 1 female (ISLA 30457), 24.ii–13.iii.2015  .   Cave N1_0191 (-6.046511° -50.277978°): 2 females (ISLA 30442), 2–29.iv.2015  .   Cave N1_0198 (-6.046546° -50.290927°): 1 female (ISLA 30747), 4.ix–6.x.2014  .   Cave N1_0207 (-6.057847° -50.286629°): 2 males 3 females (ISLA 30684), 4.ix–6.x.2014  .   Cave N1_0229 (-6.022811° -50.312824°): 1 male 1 female (ISLA 30459), 2–29.iv.2015  ;  1 male (ISLA 30740), 4.ix–6.x.2014 .   Cave N1_0231 (-6.020842° -50.272916°): 2 males 3 females (ISLA 30808), 3–17.xii.2014  ;  2 females (ISLA 30595), 11.vi–2.vii.2014 .   Cave N1_0232 (-6.020969° - 50.273115°): 1 male (ISLA 30815), 3–17.xii.2014  .   Cave N1_0238 (-6.021051° -50.273964°): 1 juv (ISLA 30690), 11.vi–2.vii.2014  ;  1 female (ISLA 30602), 11.vi–2.vii.2014 ;  1 female (ISLA 30592), 11.vi–2.vii.2014 .   Cave N1_ 0248 (-6.068783° -50.272464°): 3 females (ISLA 30447), 2–29.iv.2015  . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Eyes with seven ommatidia; antennula with 13+2 aesthetascs; male pleopod 1 exopod elongated, longer than wide, distal part prominent acute, uropod exopod twice longer than endopod.</p>
            <p>Description. Maximum body length: male 4 mm, female 5 mm. Colorless. Body convex, outline as in Fig. 6A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing long triangular scale-setae (Fig. 6B); noduli laterales long, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing (Fig. 6C, D). Cephalon (Fig. 6E) with suprantennal line bent downwards in middle, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of seven small ommatidia arranged in two rows. Pereonites 5–7 with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute; pleon narrower than pereon (Fig. 6A). Telson (Fig. 6F) triangular, lateral sides straight, apex acute. Antennula (Fig. 6G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing 13 lateral aesthetascs in four rows, plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 6H) long, reaching pereonite 3 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, first and second articles subequal in length, distal article longest, second article with one aesthetasc, third article with two aesthetascs; apical organ short. Mandibles with molar penicil of 8 branches, left mandible (Fig. 6I) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 6J) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. K) inner endite with two penicils; outer endite with 4+5 teeth (5 pectinate). Maxilla (Fig. 6L) outer as wide as inner lobe, covered with thick setae; outer lobe with sinuous distal margin, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 6M) with rectangular basis; endite rectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, dorsal face with longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae; proximal article of palp with two setae, one longer. Pereopods slender; carpus 1 with transverse antennal grooming brush, distal seta with hand-like apex; dactylus inner claw shorter than outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 6F) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores, exopod 2 times longer than endopod, endopod inserted proximally.</p>
            <p>Male. Pereopods 1–3 (Fig. 7A) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 7B) ischium lateral margin grooved; merus with proximal lobe and thick setae near sternal margin. Genital papilla (Fig. 7C) with triangular ventral shield. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 7C) exopod elongated, longer than wide, distal part prominent acute, straight apex; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion tapering with line of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 7D) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with two setae; endopod slender, slightly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 7E, F, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 7G) triangular, outer margin sinuous with four setae and transverse plumose fringe.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The name of the species refers to the locality of collection of the species, Amazon rainforest.</p>
            <p> Morphological remarks. Considering the absence of the autapomorphic state of the male pleopod 1 exopod with a lateral dentiform protrusion of  Benthana (Leistikow 2001) , this new species was placed in  Benthanoides , a close related taxon which lacks this protrusion. Unfortunately, the descriptions of  Benthanoides species lack important taxonomic information regarding the position of noduli laterales, the number and disposition of aesthetascs on antennula, and the shape of male pleopods (Jackson 1926, Van Name 1936, Gruner 1955). However,  Benthanoides amazonicus n. sp. presents the shape of male pleopod 1 exopod similar to the pattern for the genus, without a dentiform protrusion. </p>
            <p> Ecological remarks. Specimens of  Benthanoides amazonicus n. sp. were found in 25 caves in the N1 plateau (Serra Norte complex). Since the specimens were collected by consulting company, unfortunately, no data were provided about the caves or the surrounding region. However, two aspects deserve to be highlighted: the first is the presence of large iron ore quarries in the N1 region, which certainly represents a great risk for this species, especially concerning habitat loss and potential disconnection between populations (or sub-populations) that can become isolated and thus even more threatened. The second refers to the very small size of the specimens (about 4 mm), which demonstrates the access of these organisms to the canga’s canaliculi. Accordingly, such canaliculi may not only allow the dispersion of individuals between caves but also eventually comprise a significant portion of their habitat. In this perspective, the existing quarries in the region (in full expansion) certainly have the potential to fragment the populations of this species, increasing its risks of extinction. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD40D74FF1E439DFC50FE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
76388792FFD80D70FF1E4317FF62FA2E.text	76388792FFD80D70FF1E4317FF62FA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthanoides tarzan Cardoso & Ferreira 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Benthanoides tarzan n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figures 2G, 3D, 8 and 9)</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype: male (ISLA 96768 in slide), Brazil, Pará state, municipality of  Parauapebas , cave ST_ 0005 (-6.3297º -50.1067º), 11.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva.  Paratypes: 2 males, 3 juvenile (ISLA 96407), same data as holotype ;  1 male (ISLA 96452), same data as holotype ;  1 male (ISLA 96371), 21.i.2016, same data as holotype ;  1 female (ISLA 44237), 21.i.2016, same location as holotype ,  leg. R.B. Pereira . </p>
            <p> Additional material:   Brazil, Pará state, municipality of  Parauapebas. Cave ST_0003 (-6.327461° -50.114125°): 1 female (ISLA 96370), 28.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave  ST_0022 (-6.319868° -50.132135°): 1 female (ISLA 44236), 10.viii.2016, R. B. Pereira leg. ;  1 male (ISLA 96367), 2.ii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  2 males (ISLA 96443), 10.viii.2016, F.M.B Silva leg. ;   1 male, 2 females (ISLA 96429), 10.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B  Silva. Cave ST_0023 (- 6.319160° -50.130079°): 2 females (ISLA 96451), 09.viii.2016, F.M.B Silva leg. ;  2 females (ISLA 96461), 26.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave ST_0030 (-6.3164º -50.1205º): 2 females (ISLA 96432), 04.ii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  1 female (ISLA 96379), 04.ii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave ST_0034 (-6.3201º -50.1128º): 1 female (ISLA 96428), 18.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave  ST_0043 (-6.3131º -50.0927º): 1 male, 1 female (ISLA 96389), 19.vii.2016, leg. F.M.B  Silva. Cave ST_0050 (-6.3174º -50.1284º): 1 female (ISLA 96454), 26.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. 1 female (ISLA 96459), 26.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  2 females (ISLA 96347), 26.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave ST_0054 (- 6.3213º -50.1392º): 4 females (ISLA 96383), 20.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  6 females (ISLA 96396), 29.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  1 male (ISLA 96414), 20.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  1 male (ISLA 96444), 20.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva. Cave ST_0062 (-6.3232º -50.1428º): 2 males, 1 female (ISLA 96416), 05.viii.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva ;  1 male (ISLA 96447), 5.i.2016, leg. F.M.B Silva.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Eyes with 5–6 ommatidia; antennula with 12+2 aesthetascs; male pleopod 1 exopod as long as wide, distal part triangular slightly developed; uropod exopod twice longer than endopod.</p>
            <p>Description. Maximum body length: male and female with 4 mm. Colourless, some specimens with dots of pigmentation. Body convex, outline as in Fig. 8A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing long triangular scale-setae (Fig. 8B); noduli laterales long, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing (Fig. 8C, D). Cephalon (Fig. 8E) with suprantennal line straight, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of 5–6 ommatidia arranged in two rows. Pereonites 5–7 with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute; pleon narrower than pereon, pleonites 3–5 with posterior point not developed (Fig. 8A). Telson (Fig. 8F) triangular, lateral sides straight. Antennula (Fig. 8G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing 12 lateral aesthetascs in four rows plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 8H) long, reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, first and second articles subequal in length, distal article longest, apical organ short. Mandibles with molar penicil of 8 branches, left mandible (Fig. 8I) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 8J) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 8K) inner endite with two penicils; outer endite with 4+5 teeth (5 pectinate). Maxilla (Fig. 8L) outer lobe wider than inner lobe, covered with thick setae; outer lobe distal margin sinuous, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 8M) with rectangular basis; endite rectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, dorsal face with longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae plus one short triangular seta; proximal article of palp with two setae, one longer. Pereopods slender; carpus 1 with transverse antennal grooming brush, distal seta with hand-like apex; dactylus inner claw shorter than outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 8F) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin, with glandular pores, exopod longer than endopod, endopod inserted proximally.</p>
            <p>Male. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 9A) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 9B) ischium proximal margin setose; merus with proximal lobe and thick setae on lateral margin. Genital papilla (Fig. 9C) with triangular ventral shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 9C) exopod rounded, as long as wide, distal part triangular slightly developed; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion tapering with line of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 9D) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with three setae; endopod slender, slightly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 9E, F, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 9G) as wide as long, outer margin with three setae and transverse plumose fringe.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The epithet name refers to the location where the species was found, Serra do Tarzan.</p>
            <p> Morphological remarks.  Benthanoides tarzan n. sp. is similar to  Benthanoides amazonicus n. sp. in the disposition of the aesthetascs on antennula, in the modifications on merus on pereopod 7, in the shape of male 1 endopod, and in the shape of male pleopod 2. They can be distinguished from each other by the shape of male pleopod 1 exopod, that is as wide as long in  Benthanoides tarzan n. sp. , and longer than wide in  Benthanoides amazonicus n. sp.</p>
            <p> Ecological remarks. Specimens of  Benthanoides tarzan n. sp. were observed in some caves located in “Serra do Tarzan” (ST). This area presents 69 caves, distributed along the whole extension of the ferruginous outcrop. Individuals of  Benthanoides tarzan n. sp. were found in 10 caves (Fig. 1), thus indicating the species is widely distributed along the outcrop. Differently from  Benthana alba n. sp. , which may eventually inhabit voids in the ferruginous outcrop, the distribution of  Benthanoides tarzan n. sp. indicates that this species seems to be also closely related to the macrocave itself. However, as the caves in which the species was observed are widely distributed throughout the iron ore formation, along with the specimens’ small body size, it is plausible to assume that migrations between caves through the canaliculi network occur. Furthermore, Be.  tarzan n. sp. has a lower number of ommatidia among all known species of  Benthanoides , and may indicate an important troglomorphic trait, and that the species is troglobitic. However, unlike  B. alba n. sp. , which seems to be highly threatened, Be.  tarzan n. sp. occurs in a region inserted within the limit of a conservation unit (Campos Ferruginosos National Park), which fully protects the caves and their surrounding area, preventing touristic and exploratory activities; in addition, the geographic isolation protects the area in its pristine state. Therefore, this species seems not to be currently under any threat. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76388792FFD80D70FF1E4317FF62FA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli;Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes	Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes (2023): New troglobitic species of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Benthanoides Lemos de Castro, 1958 from iron-ore caves and their important record in the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 5319 (4): 548-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.4.5
