identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3FF1B4B5A2C650F2892A7DD3525024E3.text	3FF1B4B5A2C650F2892A7DD3525024E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antistrophus jeanae Tooker & Hanks 2004	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antistrophus jeanae Tooker &amp; Hanks, 2004</p>
            <p>Fig. 4</p>
            <p> 
Antistrophus jeanae Tooker &amp; Hanks, 2004 in Tooker et al. 2004: 132. ♀, ♂ (type locality: 
Buckley Railroad Prairie
, Iroquois Co., Illinois, USA).
</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype (deposited at INHS). USA • ♀; Illinois, Iroquois County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.045/lat 40.581333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.581333">Buckley Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40 ° 34.88 ' N, 88 ° 02.70 ' W; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium perfoliatum in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 25845. 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Paratypes (14 ♀ and 8 ♂). Deposited at INHS: USA • 5 ♀ and 2 ♂; same data as for holotype; INHS Insect Collection 52846–52852 •   4 ♀ and 3 ♂; Illinois, Ford County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.106/lat 40.436165)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.436165">Paxton Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40 ° 26.17 ' N, 88 ° 06.36 ' W; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 52853–52859  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Deposited at USNM: USA • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; USNMENT 01790168 – 01790170 •   3 ♀ and 2 ♂; Illinois, Ford County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.106/lat 40.436165)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.436165">Paxton Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40 ° 26.17 ' N, 88 ° 06.36 ' W; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in June 2000; USNMENT 00961127; 01790165 – 01790167; 01790171  . 
            </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                 (10 ♀ and 17 ♂).   Deposited at PSUC: USA • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, Champaign County, Mahomet,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.411/lat 40.208)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.208">Buffalo Trace Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.208, - 88.411; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248395; 248398; 248413; 248423  •   4 ♀ and 3 ♂; Indiana, Parke County; 39.661, - 87.371; galled plant material collected 12 Nov 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248169–248170; 248396–248397; 248401–248403  •   2 ♀ and 3 ♂; Iowa, Winneshiek County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.005/lat 43.437)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.437">Plymouth Rock Prairie</a>
                 ; 43.437, - 92.005; galled plant material collected 19 Nov 2020; MJ Hatfield leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in May 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248406; 248416; 248418; 248420; 248422  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at WIRC: 4 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.34002/lat 42.896072)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.34002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.896072">Anthony Branch F. A.</a>
                 ; 42.896072, - 89.340018; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171031 – 00171032; 00171035 – 00171036  •   2 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Badger Pr. Park - North ; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171041; 00171043  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  E-way at Mooreland ; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171047  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Iowa County,  Noll Valley ; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170518  •   3 ♂; Wisconsin, Iowa County,  Pr. Grove Rd at stream ; galled plant material collected 5 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium perfoliatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171027–00171029  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A. jeanae is most similar to  A. laurenae sp. nov. but is best distinguished by the dimensions of F 2 in females, which in  A. jeanae is 3.8 × as long as wide (Fig. 4 B) but 3.3 × as long as wide in  A. laurenae (Fig. 5 B). The sculpture of the mesoscutellar disc (Fig. 4 F) is also useful; the mesoscutellar disc is more or less rugose-reticulate throughout in  A. jeanae but only has rugose-reticulate sculpture toward the outer margins in  A. laurenae . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 4 A) – Body length: 1.9–3.2 mm (x ̄ = 2.7 mm; n = 25; holotype = 2.6 mm). Color: Antenna color: red brown throughout, at most slightly darker distally than proximally. Head color: vertex and occiput dark red brown, mandibles red brown basally to darker red brown apically, rest of head red brown throughout. Mesosoma color: pronotum and propodeum red brown laterally to dark red brown medially, mesoscutum dark red brown, scutellum dark red brown, and mesopleuron dark red brown dorsally and ventrally but red brown medially. Wing membrane color: hyaline throughout. Wing vein color: light brown. Leg color: red brown throughout, except for apical tarsomere which is conspicuously darker. Metasoma color: red brown to dark red brown. Antennae (Fig. 4 B): Antennomere count: 13. F 1 length: 2.4 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.8 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.5. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: absent; sensilla present only on F 3 and following antennomeres. Head (Fig. 4 C): Upper frons sculpture: reticulate. Gena posterolateral projection in anterior view: distinctly projecting past compound eyes. Facial radiating striae: distinct and complete, reaching compound eyes. Supraclypeal area sculpture: reticulate. Supraclypeal area projection: slightly projecting. OOL vs POL: OOL distinctly longer. OOL vs LOL: OOL greater than twice LOL. POL vs LOL: POL greater than twice LOL. LOL vs DLO: LOL longer. Vertex sculpture: reticulate throughout. Clypeus sculpture: reticulate. Mesosoma (Figs 4 D – F): Pronotum pilosity: densely pilose along anterior margin and with only sparse setae elsewhere. Pronotum excluding pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron excluding speculum sculpture: reticulate with fine intermediate striae. Speculum sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron pilosity: ventral margin and mesopleural triangle densely pilose and bare elsewhere. Mesoscutum pilosity: sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum sculpture: reticulate. Apparent length of anterior parallel lines: reaching one third across mesoscutum. Morphology of anterior parallel lines: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Apparent length of parapsidal grooves: reaching halfway across mesoscutum. Morphology of parapsidal grooves: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Morphology of median mesoscutal impression: apparent as a shallow impression extending across most of mesoscutum. Notauli completeness: incomplete, distinct posteriorly to indistinct in anterior third. Morphology of notauli: appearing as wide indentations with sloping edges throughout distinct portions. Metapleural sulcus: meeting posterior mesopleuron at about one third of its height. Lateral propodeal carinae: distinct and subparallel. Metapleuron sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinction: distinct, relatively deep anteriorly to shallower and inconspicuously delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc sculpture: usually rugose-reticulate throughout; primarily reticulate, but usually with distinct rugose sculpture apparent throughout most of mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae length: reaching about one third across mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae shape: subquadrate, about as wide as long, separated by a narrow linear carina. Mesoscutellar disc shape: subcircular, about as wide as long. Wings: Marginal cell length: 3.2 × as long as wide. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: absent. Metasoma: Punctation of metasomal terga: T 3 punctate only in posterior third and with T 4 and following punctate throughout.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 4 G) – Same as female except for the following: Body length: 1.8–2.6 mm (x ̄ = 2.1 mm; n = 25). Antennae: Antennomere count: 14. F 1 length: 2.4 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 2.9 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.4. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: present. Wings: Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: present. Metasoma: Metasoma size: conspicuously smaller than in female.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> A. jeanae induces inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium perfoliatum (Fig. 4 H) (Tooker et al. 2004; Nastasi and Deans 2021). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Tooker et al. (2004) reported this species only from several prairie sites in Illinois (USA). Nastasi and Deans (2021) did not report additional localities. However, specimens we examined revealed records from three additional state records: Indiana, Iowa, and Wisconsin. A verifiable iNaturalist observation (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/114414672) also records this species from Ohio; we have since examined adult gall wasps reared from the plant material from the same site, which confirmed their suspected identity (in litt.). Lastly, a specimen identified during this study (USNMENT 01822302; see complete specimen data in Suppl. material 1: table 1) confirms the occurrence of this species in Missouri (Columbia, Boone County) (see discussion). Known and potential distribution are summarized in Fig. 9.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FF1B4B5A2C650F2892A7DD3525024E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Tooker, John F.;Davis, Charles K.;Smith, Cecil N.;Frey, Timothy S.;Hatfield, M. J.;Presnall, Tara M.;Hines, Heather M.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Tooker, John F., Davis, Charles K., Smith, Cecil N., Frey, Timothy S., Hatfield, M. J., Presnall, Tara M., Hines, Heather M., Deans, Andrew R. (2024): Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 399-439, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.97.121918
644225A058885476940E95579A24418C.text	644225A058885476940E95579A24418C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antistrophus laurenae Nastasi & Tooker & Davis & Smith & Frey & Hatfield & Presnall & Hines & Deans 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antistrophus laurenae Nastasi sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 5</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype (deposited at PSUC). USA • ♀; Illinois, Ford and Iroquois Counties,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.106/lat 40.359)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.359">Paxton Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.359, - 88.106; galled plant material collected 11 November 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248174. 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Paratypes (24 ♀ and 25 ♂).  Deposited at PSUC: USA • 2 ♂; same data as for holotype; PSUC _ FEM _ 248338–248339 •   1 ♀ and 4 ♂; Illinois, Iroquois County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.074/lat 40.528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.528">Loda Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.528, - 88.074; galled plant material collected 10 November 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248173  •   5 ♀ and 4 ♂; Illinois, McLean County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; galled plant material collected 11 November 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248178; 248325–248327; 248329–248330; 248333; 248336  •   2 ♀ and 2 ♂; Iowa, Story County, Grant,  intersection of I- 35 and E 13 th St. prairie restoration; galled plant material collected 28 November 2020; MJ Hatfield leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248176; 248331; 248334; 248337  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at USNM: USA • 1 ♀; Illinois, McLean County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; galled plant material collected 11 November 2020; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248332  •  1 ♀ and 2 ♂; same data as for holotype; PSUC _ FEM _ 248175; 248335; 248340 . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at WIRC: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Iowa, Delaware County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.15425/lat 42.48564)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.15425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.48564">Dyersville West</a>
                 ; 42.48564, - 91.15425; galled plant material collected 2 May 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171299–00171301  •   2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Iowa, Delaware County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.138374/lat 42.4733)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.138374&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.4733">Dyersville West Prairie</a>
                 ; 42.47330, - 91.138372; galled plant material collected 2 May 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171267–00171268; 00171283  •   1 ♀ and 2 ♂; Iowa, Marshall County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.85494/lat 42.064396)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.85494&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.064396">Twinkle Hill Restoration</a>
                 ; 42.064396, - 92.854943; galled plant material collected 2 May 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171284; 00171306–00171307  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Columbia County,  Goose Pond Jill’s Pr. ; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171314  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.34002/lat 42.896072)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.34002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.896072">Anthony Branch F. A.</a>
                 ; 42.896072, - 89.340018; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171322  •   2 ♀ and 2 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.34002/lat 42.896072)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.34002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.896072">Badger Pr. Park - North</a>
                 ; 42.896072, - 89.340018; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170523; 00170837; 00171315; 00171331  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.77301/lat 43.140144)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.77301&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.140144">Black Earth Prairie</a>
                 ; 43.140146, - 89.773011; galled plant material collected 5 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170838  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.34911/lat 43.030586)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.34911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.030586">E-way at Mooreland</a>
                 ; 43.030588, - 89.349114; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170524; 00171329  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County, Festge Roadside; 43.118267, - 89.683665; galled plant material collected 18 Apr 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171227; 00171289  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Garfoot Road ; galled plant material collected 5 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00171337  •   2 ♀ and 2 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.437256/lat 43.13732)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.437256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.13732">Gov Nelson 1997</a>
                 ; 43.137321, - 89.437257; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170839; 00171303; 00171330; 00171341  •   2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  TNC Waubesa Wetland ; galled plant material collected 22 Nov 2008; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171271; 00171274; 00171286  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Iowa County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.889/lat 42.97357)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.97357">TNC / Lease</a>
                 ; 42.97357, - 89.88900; galled plant material collected 17 Apr 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171287  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Iowa County,  Underwood Prairie ; galled plant material collected 9 May 2009; DNR Study SSGB leg.; reared from stems of  Silphium integrifolium , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00171298  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> See diagnosis to  Antistrophus jeanae Tooker &amp; Hanks, 2004 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 5 A) – Body length: 1.8–2.6 mm (x ̄ = 2.2 mm; n = 25; holotype = 2.6 mm). Color: Antenna color: red brown throughout, at most slightly darker distally than proximally. Head color: vertex and occiput dark red brown, mandibles red brown basally to darker red brown apically, rest of head red brown throughout. Mesosoma color: pronotum and propodeum red brown laterally to dark red brown medially, mesoscutum dark red brown, scutellum dark red brown, and mesopleuron dark red brown dorsally and ventrally but red brown medially. Wing membrane color: hyaline throughout. Wing vein color: light brown. Leg color: red brown throughout, except for apical tarsomere which is conspicuously darker. Metasoma color: red brown to dark red brown. Antennae (Fig. 5 B): Antennomere count: 13. F 1 length: 2.2 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.3 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.4. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: absent; sensilla present only on F 3 and following antennomeres. Head (Fig. 5 C): Upper frons sculpture: reticulate. Gena posterolateral projection in anterior view: distinctly projecting past compound eyes. Facial radiating striae: distinct and complete, reaching compound eyes. Supraclypeal area sculpture: reticulate. Supraclypeal area projection: slightly projecting. OOL vs POL: OOL distinctly longer. OOL vs LOL: OOL greater than twice LOL. POL vs LOL: POL greater than twice LOL. LOL vs DLO: LOL longer. Vertex sculpture: reticulate throughout. Clypeus sculpture: reticulate. Mesosoma (Figs 5 D – F): Pronotum pilosity: densely pilose along anterior margin and with only sparse setae elsewhere. Pronotum excluding pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron excluding speculum sculpture: reticulate with fine intermediate striae. Speculum sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron pilosity: ventral margin and mesopleural triangle densely pilose and bare elsewhere. Mesoscutum pilosity: sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum sculpture: reticulate. Apparent length of anterior parallel lines: reaching one third across mesoscutum. Morphology of anterior parallel lines: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Apparent length of parapsidal grooves: reaching halfway across mesoscutum. Morphology of parapsidal grooves: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Morphology of median mesoscutal impression: apparent as a shallow impression extending across most of mesoscutum. Notauli completeness: incomplete, distinct posteriorly to indistinct in anterior third. Morphology of notauli: appearing as wide indentations with sloping edges throughout distinct portions. Metapleural sulcus: meeting posterior mesopleuron at about one third of its height. Lateral propodeal carinae: distinct and subparallel. Metapleuron sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinction: distinct, relatively deep anteriorly to shallower and inconspicuously delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc sculpture: rugose-reticulate, primarily reticulate, but with distinct rugose-reticulate sculpture seemingly restricted to outer margins. Mesoscutellar foveae length: long, reaching about one third across mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae shape: subquadrate, about as wide as long, separated by a narrow linear carina. Mesoscutellar disc shape: subcircular, about as wide as long. Wings: Marginal cell length: 3.1 × as long as wide. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: absent. Metasoma: Punctation of metasomal terga: T 3 punctate only in posterior third and with T 4 and following punctate throughout.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 5 G) – Same as female except for the following: Body length: 1.3–2.1 mm (x ̄ = 1.8; n = 25). Antennae: Antennomere count: 14. F 1 length: 2.3 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.2 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.5. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: present. Wings: Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: present. Metasoma: Metasoma size: conspicuously smaller than in female.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Named for Lauren Ahlert, a biology teacher at Wayne Valley High School in Wayne, New Jersey, USA, who has served as a tremendous source of inspiration and passion for the author of this species.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus laurenae induces inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium integrifolium (Fig. 5 H). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Material examined in this study reveals that this species occurs in Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin (USA; see Suppl. material 1: table 1). A verified iNaturalist record (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/136446787) also suggests that this species occurs in Mississippi. Known and potential distribution are summarized in Fig. 9.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/644225A058885476940E95579A24418C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Tooker, John F.;Davis, Charles K.;Smith, Cecil N.;Frey, Timothy S.;Hatfield, M. J.;Presnall, Tara M.;Hines, Heather M.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Tooker, John F., Davis, Charles K., Smith, Cecil N., Frey, Timothy S., Hatfield, M. J., Presnall, Tara M., Hines, Heather M., Deans, Andrew R. (2024): Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 399-439, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.97.121918
C7D8B46B4DBF566180573059EA645D17.text	C7D8B46B4DBF566180573059EA645D17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antistrophus meganae Tooker & Hanks 2004	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antistrophus meganae Tooker &amp; Hanks, 2004</p>
            <p>Fig. 6</p>
            <p> Antistrophus meganae Tooker &amp; Hanks, 2004 in Tooker et al. 2004: 132. ♀, ♂ (type locality: East St. Joseph Railroad Prairie, Iroquois Co., Illinois, USA).</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Holotype (deposited at INHS). USA • ♀; Illinois, Champaign County,  St. Joseph , roadside prairie; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 52830. </p>
            <p> Paratypes (14 ♀ and 8 ♂).  Deposited at INHS: USA • 8 ♀ and 4 ♂; same data as for holotype; INHS Insect Collection 52831–52837 •   4 ♀ and 3 ♂; Illinois, Ford County, Paxton,  Paxton Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 52838–52844  . </p>
            <p>  Deposited at USNM: USA • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, Ford County, Paxton,  Paxton Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2000; USNMENT 01790188 – 01790190  . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                 (10 ♀ and 17 ♂).   Deposited at PSUC: USA • 1 ♀; Illinois, Champaign County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.064/lat 40.113)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.113">St. Joseph</a>
                 , roadside prairie; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; 40.113, - 88.064; galled plant material collected 10 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248429  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248165–248166  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at WIRC: USA • 2 ♀; Wisconsin, Columbia County,  Mass Rd. ; galled plant material collected Fall 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00171156; 00171166  •   2 ♀ and 2 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.32001/lat 42.892452)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.32001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.892452">Co A and Oak Ridge</a>
                 (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.32001/lat 42.892452)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.32001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.892452">Anthony Branch F. A.</a>
                 ); 42.892454, - 89.320011; galled plant material collected 15 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00170514; 00171140; 00171154–00171155  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Kelly Road and RR , roadside; galled plant material collected Fall 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in July 2009; WIRC 00170513  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Malone Road ; galled plant material collected 17 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00171112  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Noll Valley ; galled plant material collected 5 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2012; WIRC 00171114  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Prairie Ridge City Park ; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00171124  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Sugar Ridge Savanna ; galled plant material collected 20 Mar 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00171122; 00171134  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  TNC Waubesa Wetland ; galled plant material collected 22 Nov 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00170515  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Jefferson County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.93881/lat 43.1634)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.93881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.1634">Bluejoint Prairie</a>
                 ; 43.163398, - 88.938815; galled plant material collected 16 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in July 2009; WIRC 00170517  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Jefferson County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.93881/lat 43.1634)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.93881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.1634">Bluejoint Prairie</a>
                 ; 43.163398, - 88.938815; galled plant material collected 16 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00170512  •   1 ♀ and 2 ♂; Wisconsin, Jefferson County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.770195/lat 42.872555)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.770195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.872555">Cold Spring Prairie</a>
                 ; 42.872556, - 88.770194; galled plant material collected 15 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00171109; 00171137; 00171141  •   3 ♂; Wisconsin, Walworth County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.62058/lat 42.829155)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.62058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.829155">Skoponong Prairie</a>
                 ; 42.829155, - 88.620586; galled plant material collected 4 Oct 2011; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in May or June 2012; WIRC 00170749; 00171113; 00171120  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Walworth County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.63002/lat 42.83942)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.63002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.83942">Young Pr. East Annex</a>
                 ; 42.839419, - 88.63002; galled plant material collected 16 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00170750  •   1 ♀ and 2 ♂; Wisconsin, Winnebago County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.624275/lat 44.13912)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.624275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.13912">Oshkosh-Larsen Trl mid</a>
                 (B); 44.13912, - 88.624272; galled plant material collected 10 Oct 2011; reared from stem of  Silphium terebinthinaceum , emerging in June 2012; WIRC 00171115–00171116; 00171118  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A. meganae is the only species of the  rufus complex in which the mesoscutellar foveae (Fig. 6 F) are long and ovate, reaching nearly halfway across the mesoscutellar disc.  A. meganae also differs from most other members of the  rufus complex by the POL (Fig. 6 C), which is longer than the OOL in  A. meganae and  A. minor but shorter than the OOL in the other species. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 6 A) – Body length: 1.8–3.2 mm (x ̄ = 2.5 mm; n = 25; holotype = 2.3 mm). Color: Antenna color: red brown throughout, at most slightly darker distally than proximally. Head color: vertex and occiput dark red brown, mandibles red brown basally to darker red brown apically, rest of head red brown throughout. Mesosoma color: pronotum and propodeum red brown laterally to dark red brown medially, mesoscutum dark red brown with distinct posterolateral red brown spots, scutellum dark red brown, and mesopleuron dark red brown dorsally and ventrally but red brown medially. Wing membrane color: hyaline throughout. Wing vein color: light brown. Leg color: red brown throughout, except for apical tarsomere which is conspicuously darker. Metasoma color: red brown to dark red brown. Antennae (Fig. 6 B): Antennomere count: 13. F 1 length: 2.6 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.6 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.4. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: absent; sensilla present only on F 3 and following antennomeres. Head (Fig. 6 C): Upper frons sculpture: reticulate. Gena posterolateral projection in anterior view: distinctly projecting past compound eyes. Facial radiating striae: distinct and complete, reaching compound eyes. Supraclypeal area sculpture: reticulate. Supraclypeal area projection: slightly projecting. OOL vs POL: POL distinctly longer. OOL vs LOL: OOL less than twice LOL. POL vs LOL: POL twice LOL. LOL vs DLO: LOL longer. Vertex sculpture: reticulate throughout. Clypeus sculpture: reticulate. Mesosoma (Figs 6 D – F): Pronotum pilosity: densely pilose along anterior margin and with only sparse setae elsewhere. Pronotum excluding pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron excluding speculum sculpture: reticulate with fine intermediate striae. Speculum sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron pilosity: ventral margin and mesopleural triangle densely pilose and bare elsewhere. Mesoscutum pilosity: sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum sculpture: reticulate. Apparent length of anterior parallel lines: reaching one third across mesoscutum. Morphology of anterior parallel lines: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Apparent length of parapsidal grooves: reaching halfway across mesoscutum. Morphology of parapsidal grooves: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Morphology of median mesoscutal impression: apparent as a shallow impression extending across most of mesoscutum. Notauli completeness: incomplete, distinct posteriorly to indistinct in anterior third. Morphology of notauli: appearing as wide indentations with sloping edges throughout distinct portions. Metapleural sulcus: meeting posterior mesopleuron at about one third of its height. Lateral propodeal carinae: distinct and subparallel. Metapleuron sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinction: distinct, relatively deep anteriorly to shallower and inconspicuously delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc sculpture: rugose-reticulate, primarily reticulate, but with distinct rugose-reticulate sculpture seemingly restricted to outer margins. Mesoscutellar foveae length: long, reaching nearly halfway across mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae shape: ovate, slightly longer than wide, separated by a subtriangular carina slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly. Mesoscutellar disc shape: subcircular, about as wide as long. Wings: Marginal cell length: 3.3 × as long as wide. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: absent. Metasoma: Punctation of metasomal terga: T 3 punctate only in posterior third and with T 4 and following punctate throughout.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 6 G) – Same as female except for the following: Body length: 1.3–2.5 mm (x ̄ = 2.1 mm; n = 25). Antennae: Antennomere count: 14. F 1 length: 2.5 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.0 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.4 (as in female). Placodeal sensilla on F 2: present. Wings: Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: present. Metasoma: Metasoma size: conspicuously smaller than in female.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus meganae induces inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium terebinthinaceum (Fig. 6 H) (Tooker et al. 2004; Nastasi and Deans 2021). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Tooker et al. (2004) reported this species only from several prairie sites in Illinois (USA). Nastasi and Deans (2021) did not report additional localities; however, the specimens we examined revealed novel records from Wisconsin (Suppl. material 1: table 1). We also sequenced DNA barcodes for individuals from Ohio (Suppl. material 1: table 6), and a series of specimens identified using the key represents a new state record from Michigan (see Discussion; Suppl. material 1: table 1). Known and potential distribution are summarized in Fig. 9.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7D8B46B4DBF566180573059EA645D17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Tooker, John F.;Davis, Charles K.;Smith, Cecil N.;Frey, Timothy S.;Hatfield, M. J.;Presnall, Tara M.;Hines, Heather M.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Tooker, John F., Davis, Charles K., Smith, Cecil N., Frey, Timothy S., Hatfield, M. J., Presnall, Tara M., Hines, Heather M., Deans, Andrew R. (2024): Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 399-439, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.97.121918
62CB72514DC65377B4765A3EC538E20F.text	62CB72514DC65377B4765A3EC538E20F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antistrophus minor Gillette 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antistrophus minor Gillette, 1891</p>
            <p>Fig. 7</p>
            <p> Antistrophus minor Gillette, 1891: 195. ♀, ♂ (type locality: unknown location in Illinois, USA).</p>
            <p> Aulax gillettei (Gillette, 1891) : Kieffer 1902: 93. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype (deposited at INHS; designated by Frison [1927]). USA • ♀; Illinois; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum ; record number 5500; INHS Insect Collection 212949. </p>
            <p> Lectoallotype (deposited at INHS; designated by Frison [1927]). USA • ♂; same data as lectotype; INHS Insect Collection 212950 . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p>
                 (24 ♀ and 24 ♂).   Deposited at PSUC: USA • 3 ♀; Illinois, Champaign County, Gifford,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.999/lat 40.305)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.305">Shortline Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.305, - 87.999; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 10–11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248257; 253063; 253067  •   2 ♀; Illinois, Iroquois County, Loda,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.074/lat 40.528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.528">Loda Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.528, - 88.074; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 10 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248273; 253060  •   2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248278; 248283; 248288; 248303  •   3 ♀ and 3 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; LF Nastasi and AR Casadei leg.; galled plant material collected 16 Oct 2021; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2022; PSUC _ FEM _ 253166–253168; 253170; 253180; 253192  •   1 ♀ and 2 ♂; Iowa, Story County, Grant,  Interstate 35 and E 13 th St prairie restoration; MJ Hatfield leg.; galled plant material collected 30 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248265; 248291; 248295  •   1 ♂; Iowa, Winneshiek County,  Decorah Community Prairie ; MJ Hatfield leg.; galled plant material collected 18 Apr 2022; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2022; PSUC _ FEM _ 253229  •   3 ♀ and 2 ♂; Iowa, Winneshiek County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.006/lat 43.438)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.006&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.438">Plymouth Rock Prairie</a>
                 ; 43.438, - 92.006; MJ Hatfield leg.; galled plant material collected 17 Apr 2016; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2016; PSUC _ FEM _ 253085; 253088; 253089; 253090; 253094  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at USNM: USA • 1 ♀; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248286  •   1 ♀; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248303  •   3 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; LF Nastasi and AR Casadei leg.; galled plant material collected 16 Oct 2021; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2022; PSUC _ FEM _ 253190; 253191; 253194  •   1 ♀; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; LF Nastasi and AR Casadei leg.; galled plant material collected 16 Oct 2021; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2022; PSUC _ FEM _ 253165  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at WIRC: USA • 1 ♀; Iowa, Blackhawk County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.42703/lat 42.436348)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.42703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.436348">Hudson Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 42.436349, - 92.427034; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 2 May 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00170819  •   1 ♀; Iowa, Linn County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.82596/lat 41.883015)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.82596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.883015">Walford</a>
                 2; 41.883014, - 91.825962; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 3 May 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00170772  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Columbia County,  Goose Pd. Sue Ames ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected Fall 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in July 2009; WIRC 00170816  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Columbia County,  Hopkins Restoration ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected Fall 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in July 2009; WIRC 00170661  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Badger Pr. Park North ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 3 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170757  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County, E-way @ Mooreland; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in Apr 2012; WIRC 00170683  •   2 ♀; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.06097/lat 42.98988)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.06097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.98988">Smith Drumlin</a>
                 ; 42.98988, - 89.06097; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 15 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00170786; 00170788  •   2 ♂; Wisconsin, Dane County,  Waubesa Wetlands ; WDNR Misc / SB Sauer leg.; galled plant material collected Apr 2007; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging before 19 May 2007; WIRC 00170805; 00170807  •   2 ♂; Wisconsin, Grant County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.02031/lat 42.734646)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.02031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.734646">Dewey Heights Prairie</a>
                 ; 42.734647, - 91.020306; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 14 Oct 2011; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170664; 00171400  •   2 ♀; Wisconsin, Green County,  Green Cemetery Prairie ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170663; 00170758  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Green County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.49367/lat 42.695503)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.49367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.695503">Muralt - South</a>
                 ; 42.695505, - 89.49367; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 4 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170754  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Iowa County,  Hollandale Seed Orchard ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 5 Apr 2012; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170756  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Iowa County, TNC /  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.889/lat 42.97357)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.97357">Lease</a>
                 ; 42.97357, - 89.88900; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 17 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00170678  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Kenosha County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.89376/lat 42.55635)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.89376&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.55635">Bain Station</a>
                 ; 42.556352, - 87.893763; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 30 Sep 2011; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2012; WIRC 00170778  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Waukesha County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.5018/lat 42.89947)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.5018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.89947">Scuppernong Prairie State Natural Area</a>
                 ; 42.89947, - 88.50180; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 15 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2009; WIRC 00170637  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A. minor is the only described species of  Antistrophus in which the mesoscutellar disc is strongly ovate and distinctly wider than long (Fig. 7 F). Additionally,  A. minor is easily separable from  A. rufus (which also induces inconspicuous galls in stems of the  S. laciniatum ) and  A. meganae by the shape and length of the mesoscutellar foveae; in  A. minor , the mesoscutellar foveae are subquadrate and reach about one third across the mesoscutellar disc (Fig. 7 F) but are shorter and subrectangular in  A. rufus (Fig. 8 F) and longer and ovate in  A. meganae (Fig. 6 F).  A. minor and  A. meganae are also the only species of the  rufus complex in which the POL is longer than the OOL. See additional comments in the diagnosis to  A. rufus . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 7 A) – Body length: 1.4–2.4 mm (x ̄ = 2.0 mm; n = 25; lectotype = 2.3). Color: Antenna color: red brown throughout, at most slightly darker distally than proximally. Head color: vertex and occiput dark red brown, mandibles red brown basally to darker red brown apically, rest of head red brown throughout. Color: pronotum and propodeum mostly red brown, with some dark red brown coloration medially, mesoscutum dark red brown with at least distinct red brown spots posterolaterally, scutellum red brown to dark red brown, and mesopleuron dark red brown to red brown. Wing membrane color: hyaline throughout. Wing vein color: light brown. Leg color: red brown throughout, except for apical tarsomere which is conspicuously darker. Metasoma color: red brown to dark red brown. Antennae (Fig. 7 B): Antennomere count: 13. F 1 length: 2.6 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 3.6 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.4. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: absent; sensilla present only on F 3 and following antennomeres. Head (Fig. 7 C): Upper frons sculpture: reticulate. Gena posterolateral projection in anterior view: distinctly projecting past compound eyes. Facial radiating striae: distinct and complete, reaching compound eyes. Supraclypeal area sculpture: reticulate. Supraclypeal area projection: slightly projecting. OOL vs POL: POL distinctly longer. OOL vs LOL: OOL twice LOL. POL vs LOL: POL greater than twice LOL. LOL vs DLO: LOL longer. Vertex sculpture: reticulate throughout. Clypeus sculpture: reticulate. Mesosoma (Figs 7 D – F): Pronotum pilosity: densely pilose along anterior margin and with only sparse setae elsewhere. Pronotum excluding pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron excluding speculum sculpture: reticulate with fine intermediate striae. Speculum sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron pilosity: ventral margin and mesopleural triangle densely pilose and bare elsewhere. Mesoscutum pilosity: sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum sculpture: reticulate. Apparent length of anterior parallel lines: reaching one third across mesoscutum. Morphology of anterior parallel lines: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Apparent length of parapsidal grooves: reaching halfway across mesoscutum. Morphology of parapsidal grooves: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Morphology of median mesoscutal impression: apparent as a shallow impression extending across most of mesoscutum. Notauli completeness: incomplete, distinct posteriorly to indistinct in anterior third. Morphology of notauli: appearing as wide indentations with sloping edges throughout distinct portions. Metapleural sulcus: meeting posterior mesopleuron at about one third of its height. Lateral propodeal carinae: distinct and subparallel. Metapleuron sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinction: distinct, relatively deep anteriorly to shallower and inconspicuously delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc sculpture: rugose-reticulate, primarily reticulate, but with distinct rugose-reticulate sculpture seemingly restricted to outer margins. Mesoscutellar foveae length: long, reaching about one third across mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae shape: subovate, slightly longer than wide, separated by a narrow linear carina. Mesoscutellar disc shape: ovate, distinctly longer than wide. Wings: Marginal cell length: 3.1 × as long as wide. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: absent. Metasoma: Punctation of metasomal terga: T 3 punctate only in posterior third and with T 4 and following punctate throughout.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 7 G) – Same as female except for the following: Body length: 1.1–2.0 mm (x ̄ = 1.6; n = 25). Antennae: Antennomere count: 14. F 1 length: 2.3 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 2.9 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.3. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: present. Wings: Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: present. Metasoma: Metasoma size: conspicuously smaller than in female.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus minor induces inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium laciniatum (Fig. 7 H) (Tooker et al. 2004; Nastasi and Deans 2021). Weld (1926) reported  A. minor from  Silphium terebinthinaceum , but Weld’s specimens from this host plant truly represent  Antistrophus meganae . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus minor was described from adults reared alongside  A. rufus in Illinois. We examined specimens providing new state records from Iowa and Wisconsin. Known and potential distribution are summarized in Fig. 9. It appears that  A. minor is likely sympatric with  A. rufus throughout the distribution of  S. laciniatum , although further rearing of  Silphium species will be needed to better understand the role of geography in the distribution of  Antistrophus , especially regarding these two species. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> See remarks under  Antistrophus rufus for notes on generic nomenclature and distinction of  A. minor from  A. rufus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62CB72514DC65377B4765A3EC538E20F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Tooker, John F.;Davis, Charles K.;Smith, Cecil N.;Frey, Timothy S.;Hatfield, M. J.;Presnall, Tara M.;Hines, Heather M.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Tooker, John F., Davis, Charles K., Smith, Cecil N., Frey, Timothy S., Hatfield, M. J., Presnall, Tara M., Hines, Heather M., Deans, Andrew R. (2024): Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 399-439, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.97.121918
CEACC3F2F0CF5987846108C5DA1AEA07.text	CEACC3F2F0CF5987846108C5DA1AEA07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antistrophus rufus Gillette 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antistrophus rufus Gillette, 1891</p>
            <p>Fig. 8</p>
            <p> Antistrophus rufus Gillette, 1891: 195. ♀, ♂ (type locality: unknown location in Illinois, USA).</p>
            <p> Aulax rufa (Gillette, 1891) : Kieffer 1902: 93. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype (deposited at INHS; designated by Frison [1927]). USA • ♀; Illinois; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum ; record number 5500; INHS Insect Collection 52812. </p>
            <p> Lectoallotype (deposited at INHS; designated by Frison [1927]). USA • ♂; same data as lectotype; INHS Insect Collection 52813 . </p>
            <p> Paralectotypes. Deposited at AMNH: USA • 1 ♀; same data as lectotype; AMNH _ IZC 00393875 . </p>
            <p> Deposited at INHS: USA • 3 ♀ and 1 ♂; same data as lectotype; INHS Insect Collection 294742–294745 . </p>
            <p> Deposited at USNM: USA • 4 ♀ and 2 ♂; same data as lectotype; USNMENT 00961146; 01822098 – 01822102 . </p>
            <p>Other material</p>
            <p> (16 ♀ and 21 ♂).   Deposited at INHS: • 5 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, Iroquois County,  Buckley Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 52815–52818; 52820–52821  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  Weston Cemetery Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 18238–18239  . </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at PSUC: USA • 3 ♀ and 4 ♂; Illinois, Champaign County, Gifford,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.999/lat 40.305)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.305">Shortline Railroad Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.305, - 87.999; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 10 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248301; 248307; 248310; 248315–248317  •   1 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, McLean County, Chenoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.606/lat 40.725)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.725">Weston Cemetery Prairie</a>
                 ; 40.725, - 88.606; JF Tooker and AR Deans leg.; galled plant material collected 11 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248293; 248296  •   1 ♀ and 7 ♂; Iowa, Story County, Grant,  Interstate 35 and E 13 th St . Prairie Restoration; MJ Hatfield leg.; galled plant material collected 30 Nov 2020; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May or June 2021; PSUC _ FEM _ 248163; 248308; 248311–248313; 248318–248320  . 
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            <p>  Deposited at USNM: USA • 1 ♀ and 2 ♂; Illinois, Ford County, Gifford,  Ludlow Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2000; USNMENT 01822106; 01822109 – 01822110  •   2 ♀ and 1 ♂; Illinois, Iroquois County,  Buckley Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2000; USNMENT 01822104; 01822107 – 01822108  •   7 ♀ and 2 ♂; Illinois, Vermillion County,  Fithian Railroad Prairie ; J. Tooker leg.; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in June 2000; INHS Insect Collection 52822–52828; UNSMENT 01822103; 01822105  •   1 ♂; Illinois,  Evanston ; reared; UNSMENT 01822112  . </p>
            <p>
                  Deposited at WIRC: USA • 1 ♀; Wisconsin, Columbia County,  Goose Pd. Bicentennial ; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected Fall 2008; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in July 2009; WIRC 00170506  •   1 ♀; Wisconsin, Dane County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8303/lat 42.99064)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.99064">Thousands Rock Pt. Pr.</a>
                 ; 42.99064, - 89.8303; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 17 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in May 2009; WIRC 00170687  •   1 ♂; Wisconsin, Waukesha County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.5018/lat 42.89947)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.5018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.89947">Scuppernong Prairie State Natural Area</a>
                 ; 42.89947, - 88.5018; DNR Study SSGB leg.; galled plant material collected 15 Apr 2009; reared from stem of  Silphium laciniatum , emerging in Apr 2009; WIRC 00170643  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A. rufus is easily recognized amongst members of the  rufus complex by the shape and dimensions of the mesoscutellar foveae (Fig. 8 F), which are short and subrectangular in  A. rufus but longer and subquadrate or ovate in the other species. The narrow, well-defined notauli (Fig. 8 E) are also characteristic, as the other species all have wider and less-defined notauli. The smallest  A. rufus specimens may exhibit slightly wider notauli, but the short, rectangular scutellar foveae are always apparent and readily distinguish this species from others.  A. rufus also has the shortest F 2 relative to its width in females (2.8 × as long as wide; Fig. 8 B )). </p>
            <p> A. rufus are commonly reared alongside  A. minor from inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium laciniatum L.; these species are separated by the characters given above and those in the diagnosis of  A. minor . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 8 A) – Body length: 2.3–3.6 mm (x ̄ = 2.9 mm; n = 25; lectotype = 2.8 mm). Color: Antenna color: red brown throughout, at most slightly darker distally than proximally. Head color: vertex and occiput dark red brown, mandibles red brown basally to darker red brown apically, rest of head red brown throughout. Mesosoma color: pronotum and propodeum red brown laterally to dark red brown medially, mesoscutum dark red brown with distinct posterolateral red brown spots, scutellum dark red brown, and mesopleuron dark red brown dorsally and ventrally but red brown medially. Wing membrane color: hyaline throughout. Wing vein color: light brown. Leg color: red brown throughout, except for apical tarsomere which is conspicuously darker. Metasoma color: red brown to dark red brown. Antennae (Fig. 8 B): Antennomere count: 13. F 1 length: 2.4 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 2.8 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.2. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: absent; sensilla present only on F 3 and following antennomeres. Head (Fig. 8 C): Upper frons sculpture: reticulate. Gena posterolateral projection in anterior view: distinctly projecting past compound eyes. Facial radiating striae: distinct and complete, reaching compound eyes. Supraclypeal area sculpture: reticulate. Supraclypeal area projection: slightly projecting. OOL vs POL: OOL distinctly longer. OOL vs LOL: OOL greater than twice LOL. POL vs LOL: POL twice LOL. LOL vs DLO: LOL longer. Vertex sculpture: reticulate throughout. Clypeus sculpture: reticulate. Mesosoma (Figs 8 D – F): Pronotum pilosity: densely pilose along anterior margin and with only sparse setae elsewhere. Pronotum excluding pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Pronotal plate sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron excluding speculum sculpture: reticulate with fine intermediate striae. Speculum sculpture: reticulate. Mesopleuron pilosity: ventral margin and mesopleural triangle densely pilose and bare elsewhere. Mesoscutum pilosity: sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum sculpture: reticulate. Apparent length of anterior parallel lines: reaching one third across mesoscutum. Morphology of anterior parallel lines: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Apparent length of parapsidal grooves: reaching halfway across mesoscutum. Morphology of parapsidal grooves: narrow, distinct throughout perceptible length. Morphology of median mesoscutal impression: apparent as a shallow impression extending across most of mesoscutum. Notauli completeness: incomplete, distinct posteriorly to indistinct in anterior third. Morphology of notauli: appearing as narrow, well-delimited indentations throughout distinct portions. Metapleural sulcus: meeting posterior mesopleuron at about one third of its height. Lateral propodeal carinae: distinct and subparallel. Metapleuron sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinction: distinct, relatively deep anteriorly to shallower and inconspicuously delimited posteriorly. Mesoscutellar foveae sculpture: reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc sculpture: rugose-reticulate, primarily reticulate, but with distinct rugose-reticulate sculpture seemingly restricted to outer margins. Mesoscutellar foveae length: short, occupying only anterior quarter of mesoscutellar disc. Mesoscutellar foveae shape: subrectangular, distinctly wider than long, and separated by a broad, elevated linear carina. Mesoscutellar disc shape: subcircular, about as wide as long. Wings: Marginal cell length: 2.7 × as long as wide. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: absent. Metasoma: Punctation of metasomal terga: T 3 punctate only in posterior third and with T 4 and following punctate throughout.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 8 G) – Same as female except for the following: Body length: 1.9–3.5 mm (x ̄ = 2.5 mm; n = 25). Antennae: Antennomere count: 14. F 1 length: 2.1 × as long as wide. F 2 length: 2.5 × as long as wide. F 2: F 1 length ratio: 1.3. Placodeal sensilla on F 2: present. Wings: Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae: present. Metasoma: Metasoma size: conspicuously smaller than in female.</p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus rufus induces inconspicuous, externally imperceptible galls in stems of  Silphium laciniatum (Fig. 8 H) (Tooker et al. 2004; Nastasi and Deans 2021). Records associating  A. rufus with other host plants most likely represent distinct species including the other species addressed in the present work. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Antistrophus rufus was described from material collected in Illinois (USA) and has since been reported from Kansas (Tooker et al. 2004; Nastasi and Deans 2021). Additional material that we examined revealed additional records from Iowa and Wisconsin, and reiterated occurrence of this species in Kansas (Suppl. material 1: table 1). Known and potential distribution are summarized in Fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Kieffer (1902) synonymized  Antistrophus with  Aylax (=  Aulax ) Hartig, 1840. Some authors (e. g., Beutenmüller 1910) follow Kieffer’s synonymy, but others appear to have rejected or otherwise omitted this change from many works treating the group (e. g., Weld 1951; Nieves-Aldrey 1994). This generic synonymy and the resulting species synonyms were accidentally omitted from Nastasi and Deans’ (2021) catalogue, and we are unable to locate a nomenclatural act reinstating  Antistrophus as a valid genus. The genus  Aylax has now long been regarded to include only two species of gall wasps inducing galls on  Papaver (  Papaveraceae ) (Nieves-Aldrey 1994; Ronquist et al. 2015). Additionally, the two genera are now placed in different tribes:  Aylax is now placed in the tribe  Aylacini , while  Antistrophus is placed in the  Aulacideini . We regard here  Antistrophus as a valid genus independent of  Aylax , although  Antistrophus represents a heterogeneous assemblage as currently defined based on preliminary data from an ongoing revisionary study (Nastasi et al., unpublished data). </p>
            <p> Lastly, two specimens labeled as paralectotypes in the USNM collection (USNMENT 01823001; 01823000) do not appear to be  Antistrophus rufus and more closely resemble  A. minor . They are both in relatively poor condition; at this time, their species identities cannot be substantiated due to damage to multiple body parts. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEACC3F2F0CF5987846108C5DA1AEA07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Tooker, John F.;Davis, Charles K.;Smith, Cecil N.;Frey, Timothy S.;Hatfield, M. J.;Presnall, Tara M.;Hines, Heather M.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Tooker, John F., Davis, Charles K., Smith, Cecil N., Frey, Timothy S., Hatfield, M. J., Presnall, Tara M., Hines, Heather M., Deans, Andrew R. (2024): Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97: 399-439, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.97.121918
