identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
712FF769FF8E9075FF7C67030398FEBD.text	712FF769FF8E9075FF7C67030398FEBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio caraboides Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>1. Tenebrio caraboides Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>LECTOTYPE, det. Cychrus caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758). Linnaeus Coll., BMNH.</p> <p>PARALECTOTYPE, female, labelled “ Sepidium caraboides ” det. Pachychila hispanica Solier, 1835 (Fig. 3). Linnaeus Coll., UUMZ.</p> <p>PARALECTOTYPE, female, labelled “ Sepidium caraboides ” det. gaditana Rosenhauer, 1856 (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Linnaeus Coll., UUMZ.</p> <p>Original description. “25. T(enebrio) apterus, thorace ovali marginato, coleoptris carinatis. Fn. Suec. 825. Fn. Suec. 595. Tenebrio ater, coleoptris pone rotundatis, maxilis prominentibus. Habitat in Europa.”</p> <p>Type status. In order to preserve the stability of the name, the Linnean specimen in BMNH is designated herein as the lectotype of Tenebrio caraboides L., 1758, and the two Linnean specimens at the UUZM as paralectotypes. De Geer (1774) was the first to direct the taxonomic concept of Tenebrio caraboides L., 1758, towards ground beetles, listing the name under his Carabus coadonatus De Geer, 1774, and complementing the description with illustrations. Linnaeus (1790) re-described this species as “ Tenebrio rostratus ” in Fauna Suecia, and Tenebrio caraboides L., 1758, was listed under Tenebrionidae as “ Sepidium caraboides ” by Thunberg (1804). Paykull (1790) regarded rostratus L., caraboides L., and coadunatus De Geer, however, as synonyms of a single species of European ground beetle in his Monographia Caraborum Sveciae. Following a more modern protocol of type specimen study for guiding name use, Carl Lindroth (1957) noted in his monograph of the Carabidae that the UUZM syntypes of Tenebrio caraboides are undetermined species of darkling beetles: “fam. Tenebrionidae, gen sp., not fam. Carabidae Cychrus caraboides (L.) auct.” This note does not constitute a lectotype designation, but name use has remained stable due to the long-standing acceptance of caraboides (L.) as fixed on the BMNH type and applicable to the European ground beetle species (Häckel 2003).</p> <p>Remarks. Species identifications for the darkling beetle syntypes have provided additional insight concerning the type locality, noted by Linnaeus as “Europa.” The syntype determined as Pachychila hispanica Solier must have been collected in Cádiz Province, Spain. Pachychila hispanica Solier is rather well-known as a species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Kraatz 1865; Winkler 1924; Reitter 1900; Gebien 1910, 1937; Schuster 1919, 1921; Peyerimhoff 1927; Fuente 1934; Español 1944; Ferrer et al. 2007). The two other species represented in the type series are more widespread throughout Europe but are also known from southern Spain (Español 1944, Häckel 2003), and it is possible that the entire type series may have originated in Spain. The collector of the type series may have been Pehr Löfling, a student of Linnaeus, who visited Cádiz, in 1751 with the West Indies Company as a botanist who lived for about two years in Madrid, Spain (Nordenstam 2007). Specimens from Cádiz may have been collected by other Linnean students, such as Christopher Tärnström in 1748 and Pehr Osbeck in 1751 during expeditions with a final destination in China (Nordenstam 2007).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF8E9075FF7C67030398FEBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF889076FF7C65A7002AFE5B.text	712FF769FF889076FF7C65A7002AFE5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio gibbus Linnaeus 1760	<div><p>2. Tenebrio gibbus Linnaeus, 1760.</p> <p>LECTOTYPE, female, det. Psammodes gibbus (Linnaeus, 1760), comb. nov (Fig. 5). De Geer Coll., NHRS.</p> <p>1 non-type, female, labelled “ Tenebrio gibbus ” det. Amnodeis aff. giganteus (Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1857) (Fig. 6). Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>2 non-type females, det. Psammodes gibbus (Linnaeus, 1760). Coll. De Geer, NHRS.</p> <p>1 non-type female, labeled “ Ten. gibbus Linn. Syst. N. nº 18, Sch. Dal.” det. Tentyria taurica Tauscher, 1812. Banks Coll., BMNH.</p> <p>Original description. “18. T(enebrio) apterus, niger, laevis, thorace orbiculato, convexo, antice truncato. Faun. Suec. 824. Habitat in Europa, Africa. Distinguitur summa dorsi totus glabritie. Thorax et lateribus postice emarginatus.”</p> <p>Type status. In order to preserve the stability of the name, the Linnean specimen in the De Geer collection is designated herein as the lectotype of Tenebrio gibbus L., 1760. The female specimen under the header label “Tenebr. Exot. T. V. p. 51. T. gibbus ” in the De Geer Collection, NHRS, preserved on a pin with a concentric spiral head and pierced through the pronotum, is an original type specimen of Tenebrio gibbus L., 1760 (Fig. 5). The female specimen at the UUMZ labelled “ Tenebrio gibbus ” is probably not part of the original type series and is determined as a species of Amnodeis (Fig. 6). The globular pronotum with a truncate margin with the head noted in the original description by Linnaeus (“thorace orbiculato, convexo, antice truncate”) are diagnostic for Psammodes, corresponding to the “lost” type of Linnaeus, and unlike the rather flat pronotum with convex anterior margin in Amnodeis.</p> <p>The three specimens under this name in the De Geer collection, NHRS, represent a single species of the South African genus Psammodes Kirby, 1818. One specimen in the De Geer collection is pinned through the pronotum and preserved on a pin with a concentric spiral head (Fig. 5), as described for the UUZM “ Tenebrio gibbus ” type. Although the pin of one De Geer specimen is, curiously, a sewing needle and the other has a typical flat head, both specimens are pinned through the elytra rather than the pronotum. De Geer (1775) redescribed and illustrated Tenebrio gibbus L., 1760, indicating that the Linnean species is not European but found on the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. It is likely that study of this type resulted in its present location within the De Geer Collection. De Geer probably did not examine the specimen of “ Tenebrio gibbus ” that is currently at the UUMZ, because it was deposited in the private collection of the royal family until after his publication in 1775. The specimen at the HMUG is an original type specimen of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1787, and is determined as Moluris gibbus (Pallas, 1781), whereas the female specimen at the ZMUC is probably not part of the original type series, and is determined as Pimelia simplex Solier, 1835, stat. rest.</p> <p>The two Linnean specimens at the NHRS and UUMZ of Tenebrio gibbus L., 1760, represent different species. The UUMZ specimen is a species of Amnodeis (Fig. 5), whereas all three NHRS specimens in the De Geer Collection under the name Tenebrio gibbus represent a single species, Psammodes gibbus (L., 1760), comb. nov. The BMNH specimen in the Banks Collection under the name “ Tenebrio gibbus ” is yet another species, Tentyria taurica Tauscher, 1812. Psammodes gibbus Haag Rutenberg (1879: 292) is the name for another South African species in the genus Phanerotomea Koch, 1950, Phanerotomea gibba (Haag Rutenberg, 1870) (Koch 1952). It is a secondary homonym of Psammodes gibbus (L., 1760) whose recognition does not threaten stability of the Linnean name.</p> <p>The UUMZ specimen is labelled “ Tenebrio gibbus ” and was listed as “ Erodius gibbus ” in Museum Ludovicae Ulrica (Thunberg 1804), possibly in reference to the redescription of Erodius gibbus Fabricius, 1787, by Linnaeus (1790). Lindroth (1957) subsequently identified this specimen as “fam. Tenebrionidae, gen. sp.; not Tenebrio gibbus L. 1761” to emphasize its difference from published species diagnoses. This specimen is pinned through the pronotum, characteristic of specimens from Linnean collections (Fig. 6). The UUZM specimen has been determined as a species of Amnodeis Miller, 1858, similar to Amnodeis giganteus Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1857, and Amnodeis confluens Miller, 1858. The UUMZ type and examined specimens of A. giganteus have two elytral costae and tuberculate intervals (Fig. 6), but Amnodeis species are insufficiently known for determining the type to species. Amnodeis is not European, but an Anatolian-Mesopotamian genus; Linnaeus may have obtained specimens from Fredrik Hasselquist, who collected in “ Smyrna ” (Izmir, Turkey), and Ulrich Hemmingson, who collected in Uzbekistan (Bukhara) and Iran.</p> <p>Remarks. The Linnean name has been overlooked in recent taxonomic works on darkling beetles, and Psammodes gibbus (L., 1760), comb. nov., is recognized herein as the senior synonym of Psammodes striatus (Fabricius, 1775), syn. nov. Gebien (1937) first suggested this synonymy, listing “gibbus” of De Geer, 1775, as a reference for striatus Fabricius, 1775, but did not refer to the original Linnean citation for T. gibbus L., 1760, perhaps emphasizing the “correct” species interpretation in the latter work. De Geer (1775) characterized his “ Tenebrio gibbus ” with respect to the original specimen and description, but his assertion that the species is not European despite the original distribution given by Linnaeus (1760) may have motivated Gebien (1937) to consider original description an “incorrect” species reference. A specimen in the Banks Collection (BMNH) bears the label “ Ten. gibbus Linn. Syst. N. nº 18, Sch. Dal.” This label style and format is identical to labels of specimens determined by Fabricius examined in the HMUG, and the determination for this historical specimen is Tentyria taurica Tauscher, 1812, known from Crimea (South Russia). In agreement with interpretation of T. gibbus L., 1760, by De Geer (1775), and with explicit reference to “ Tenebrio gibbus ” of Linnaeus and De Geer, Pallas (1781: Figs. 11 a–b) illustrated the dorsal and lateral view of this species (Fig. 11) recording its distribution as “Promontorio australi” in South Africa. Pallas (1781) proposed, however, a new name for the species, Tenebrio glandiformis Pallas, 1781, which was treated as a synonym of striatus Fabricius, 1775, by Fabricius (1787) and subsequent authors including Gebien (1937). However, in this difficcult group of Psammodes- species a revision, based in morphological examen of genitalias is necessary.</p> <p>In the same work, Pallas (1781: Fig. 12) described and illustrated an additional South African species of Moluris Latreille, 1804, as “ Tenebrio gibbus ” (Fig. 12) that matches the type of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1787, preserved at the HMUG (fig. 12, cf 10) but not the specimen at the ZMUC, which actually belongs to Pimelia Fabricius, 1775. Gebien (1906) maintained the classification of this Fabrician species in Pimelia, a decision based on the identity of the ZMUC specimen. This led to genus-group name confusion between Moluris and Pimelia (as Melanostola Dejean, 1836) by Staig (1940), who based his concept of Pimelia on the HMUG specimen. The type specimen of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1787, at the HMUG, was illustrated by Staig (1940) (Fig. 10) and is identical to the type of “ Tenebrio gibbus ” illustrated by Pallas (1781) (Fig. 12). The descriptions of “ Pimelia gibba ” by Fabricius (1787 and 1792) are identical and include only “ Mus. Dom. Hunter [= HMUG]” as the type repository. The ZMUC specimen has been treated as an original Fabrician type, notably by Gebien (1906) and Zimsen (1963), but is considered erroneous; the Fabrician type of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1792 is generically and specifically different. Type status is recognized herein only for the HMUG specimen. Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1787, and Tenebrio gibbus Pallas, 1781, are synonyms, making the valid combination and attribution for this species name Moluris gibbus (Pallas, 1781). Löbl and Smetana (2008) cited Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1792, but this name is invalid).</p> <p>The HMUG specimen is the name-bearing type of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, 1787, making Pimelia simplex Solier, 1836, stat. rest., the valid name for the Mediterranean species represented by the ZMUC specimen. The type of Pimelia simplex Solier, 1836, has been examined at the MNHN and is identical to the ZMUC specimen of Pimelia gibba Fabricius, upon which the former synonymy the two species was based. Restoration of Pimelia simplex Solier, 1836, as a valid name results in the following changes for three subspecies names listed by Gebien (1906, 1937), Staig (1940), and Löbl and Smetana (2008): Pimelia simplex simplex Solier, 1836, stat. rest., Pimelia simplex oasis Koch, 1941, comb. nov., and Pimelia simplex substriata Koch, 1941, comb. nov.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF889076FF7C65A7002AFE5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF8B9076FF7C622E01DFFAED.text	712FF769FF8B9076FF7C622E01DFFAED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio spinosus Linnaeus 1764	<div><p>3. Tenebrio spinosus Linnaeus, 1764.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE, male, det. Akis spinosa (Linnaeus, 1764) (Fig. 7). Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>Original description. “24 T (enebrio) apterus, thoracis lateribus antice posticeque acuminatis, elytris striis tribus elevatis. Mus. Lud. Ulr. 101 Habitat in Europa australe.”</p> <p>Type status. The holotype of Tenebrio spinosus L., 1964, recorded as “ Eurychora spinosa ” by Thunberg (1804), is a repaired specimen in rather poor condition. It is a male with a truncate, not ovoid-acuminate elytra with three longitudinal costae, separated by two rows of tubercles that decrease in size anteriorly and towards the posterior edge of the elytron (Fig. 7). The first row of tubercles between the suture and the first costal elevation is restricted to the posterior region of the elytron, so it is only visible in posterior view. The second row of tubercles extends anteriorly such that it is also visible dorsally. This distinctive sculpturing identifies the holotype as an Egyptian darkling beetle, Akis elevata Solier, 1836, var. sculptior Koch, 1935 (Ferrer 2008, Ferrer et al. 2009). The valid combination for this species is Akis spinosus (L., 1764), and the type was probably collected from Egypt or the Arabian Peninsula based on the localities recorded for “ A. elevata var. sculptior.” Pehr Forsskåhl obtained material for Linnaeus from this region in 1763 and is probably the collector of the specimen.</p> <p>Remarks. Previous references in the literature to Akis spinosa (L.) follow the taxonomic concept of Herbst (1799) and are now considered misidentifications of Akis trilineata Herbst, 1799. This species lacks the conspicuous elytral granulation as in Akis spinosa (L.) but has distinct, equidistant elytral elevations described for the Western Mediterranean species Akis italica Solier and Akis barbara Solier (Ferrer 2006, Ferrer et al. 2009). Akis trilineata (Herbst, 1799) is a Western Mediterranean species recorded from the Italian Penninsula, Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia that has been misidentified as Akis spinosa (L.) (Herbst 1799, Solier 1837, Kraatz, 1865, Gebien, 1910, 1937, Viñolas &amp; Cartagena 2005).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF8B9076FF7C622E01DFFAED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF8B9079FF7C65F800C9FC0B.text	712FF769FF8B9079FF7C65F800C9FC0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio muricatus Linnaeus 1767	<div><p>4. Tenebrio muricatus Linnaeus, 1767.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE, female, no labels, det. Adesmia muricata (L., 1767), comb. nov. (Fig. 8). Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>Original description. “17. T (enebrio) apterus, coleoptris obtusis striis muricatis, Mus. Lud. Ulr. 100. Pet. Gaz. II, tr. 92, f. 14. Habitat in Hispania. P. Osbeck. Corpus atro piceum obscurum, nec nitens majus &amp; brevis. T. mortisago. Antennae piceae. Thorax punctis minimis adspersus. Elytra singula striis tribus quatorve longitudinalibus, ex punctis elevatis retrorsum spectantibus, scabra. Sutura elytrorum longitudinalis connata &amp; marginis lateralis subtus contracti. Pedes picei.”</p> <p>Name usage. The UUMZ type of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, is a darkling beetle in the genus Adesmia Fischer de Walheim, 1822. Adesmia muricata (L., 1767), comb. nov., was re-described as Adesmia austera Baudi di Selve, 1881, syn. nov. The valid name for this species, Adesmia muricata (L., 1767), refers to an Egyptian species although the original locality was given as “Hispania.” " Adesmia muricata (Fabricius, 1798) ", and Pimelia muricata Fabricius, 1798, are combinations for Physosterna muricata (Fabricius, 1798), proposed by Gebien (1906, 1937), that are unavailable, subsequent usages of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767.</p> <p>Remarks. Based on the specimens examined and original descriptions, the UUMZ type of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, represents a species of Adesmia Fischer de Walheim, 1822, identical to Adesmia austera Baudi di Selve, 1881. Adesmia muricata (L., 1767), comb. nov., is the valid name for this species, which was described subsequently as Adesmia austera Baudi di Selve, 1881, syn. nov. Adesmia austera Baudi di Selve is known from the Yemen, and the locality “Hispania” given in the original description for Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, is considered incorrect. The type specimen was likely collected by Peter Försskål, a student of Linnaeus who collected insects in “Arabia Felix” and Egypt (Niebuhr 1775).</p> <p>Examination of the UUMZ type and the the Fabrician specimen of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, housed at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC), identifies the appearance of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, in works by Fabricius and subsequent authors, as misidentifications. Fabricius (1792, 1801) classified this species within Pimelia, attributing “muricatus” to Linnaeus. Pallas (1781) identified Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, as a Central Asian species of Sternodes “from the sable desert of Naryn,” and Olivier (1789: pl. 1, Fig. 1a–b; pl. 4, Fig. 4), regarded Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, as a synonym of a French Pimelia species, Pimelia bipunctata Fabricius. Pallas described and illustrated in detail, however, a South African darkling beetle species, “ Pimella torulosa ” (Pallas 1781: tab. C, fig. 14), that is identical to the Fabrician specimen of Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, housed at the ZMUC. Gebien (1910, 1937) recognized that Tenebrio muricatus L., 1767, sensu Fabricius, was identical to this South African species and listed “ muricatus Fabricius ” as a synonym of Physosterna torulosa (Pallas, 1781) although Gebien (1937) incorrectly cited “1798” instead of “1792” as the date of the Fabricius work. The valid name of the ZMUC specimen is Physosterna torulosa (Pallas, 1781).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF8B9079FF7C65F800C9FC0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF849078FF7C63D40720F987.text	712FF769FF849078FF7C63D40720F987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio gigas Linnaeus 1767	<div><p>5. Tenebrio gigas Linnaeus, 1767.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE, male, labelled “ Mus. Gust. A. / gages ”, det. Blaps gigas (L., 1767) (Fig. 9). Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>Original description. “14. T (enebrio) apterus niger, thorace aequali, coleoptris laevis, truncatis. Habitat Hispania, Barbaria. Similibus Tenebrio mortisagus, sed duplo major.”</p> <p>Type status. The holotype of Tenebrio gigas L., 1767, preserved in the UUZM, is a teneral specimen with strongly dehiscent elytra.</p> <p>Remarks. Two primary homonyms are noted for the species-group name in combination with Blaps and Tenebrio. The original name Tenebrio gigas (L.) of Blaps gigas (L., 1767), is a primary homonym of Tenebrio gigas (L., 1763, p. 13 and 1767, p. 674), which is the original name combination for an Amazonian darkling beetle with the valid name Mylaris gigas (L., 1767). The type of this species is preserved in the Linnean Society of London. This species belongs to the Neotropical genus Mylaris Pallas, 1781, a senior synonym of Nyctobates Guérin Meneville, 1844 (Spilman, 1973).</p> <p>Löbl and Smetana (2008) cited 1767 as the year of description of this species, but the original description appeared in 1763, in a rare paper, overlooked by many workers (Linnaeus (1763, p. 13) in which a darkling beetle from Surinam is described under the name Tenebrio gigas. There is no doubt about the identity of this insect, compared in size with Scarabaeus cervus and recognisable by several characters, mentioned by Linné.</p> <p>The name Blaps gigas (L., 1767) appears in references to the Mediterranean species; the nomenclature and species identification of Blaps gigas (L., 1767) and Mylaris gigas (L., 1763, 1767) have been assessed recently (Ferrer &amp; Siliansky 2008). At the end of volume 1, in the errata-index of Systema Naturae, Second Edition (Linnaeus 1767), Tenebrio gigas L., 1767, was listed, under the unavailable name “ Tenebrio gages ” as a synonym of Tenebrio gages L. This species was accomodated in the new genus Blaps by Fabricius (1775) under the unjustified emendation Blaps gages (L.).</p> <p>Blaps gages Fabricius (1775: 254) and “ Blaps gigas auct.” Tenebrio gigas L., 1767 is a primary homonym of Tenebrio gigas L., 1763, a species collected by Daniel Rolander (1723–1793) in Surinam (Ferrer &amp; Siliansky 2008).</p> <p>Use of the name Tenebrio gages (L., 1767) by Herbst (1784: 1, pl. 27, fig. 5) is a misidentification for an undetermined species of the South African genus Psammodes, probably P. gibbus (L.).</p> <p>The species-group names gigas L., 1763, and gigas L., 1767, were not recognized as homonyms for congeneric taxa in the genus Blaps or Tenebrio, and the junior homonym gigas L., 1767, does not have to be replaced because the species to which these names refer are in different genera (ICZN 2000, Art. 59).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF849078FF7C63D40720F987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF85907BFF7C6648078DF992.text	712FF769FF85907BFF7C6648078DF992.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio impressus Linnaeus	<div><p>6. Tenebrio impressus Linnaeus, in litteris.</p> <p>Sex indeterminate, probably female, det. Erodius sp. Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>Remarks. This name is unpublished, and the specimen does not represent any published Linnean species. The specimen is not mentioned by Thunberg (1804) in the list of insects described by Linnaeus and donated to the Academy of the University of Uppsala, nor is it mentioned in subsequent papers by Thunberg on darkling beetles (1814, 1821, 1827). Tenebrio impressus Fabricius, 1801, is a species of the genus Promethis Pascoe, 1869, from the Indo-Malaysian region (Gebien 1906, Kaszab 1988), verified after examination of the two ZMUC types, whereas the UUZM “ Tenebrio impressus ” is a species of the Mediterranean genus Erodius impossible to identify without further revision of this genus.</p> <p>FIGURES 11–12. Illustrations from Pallas (1781). Fig. 11. Tenebrio glandiformis Pallas, det. Psammodes gibbus (L.), in lateral (“11.b”) and dorsal (“11.a”) view. Fig. 12. of Tenebrio gibbus Pallas, det. Moluris gibbus (Pallas), in lateral view.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF85907BFF7C6648078DF992	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
712FF769FF86907BFF7C665C06B1F84F.text	712FF769FF86907BFF7C665C06B1F84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenebrio variolosus Linnaeus	<div><p>7. Tenebrio variolosus Linnaeus, in litteris.</p> <p>Female, det. Pimelia fornicata Herbst, 1799. Linnaeus Coll., UUZM.</p> <p>Remarks. The specimen is a female of Pimelia fornicata Herbst, 1799. Based on the distribution of this species (Löbl &amp; Smetana 2008), the UUMZ specimen may have also been collected in Cádiz with the syntypes of Tenebrio caraboides. Tenebrio variolosus Fabricius, 1801, is a different Mediterranean species, Centorus elongatus (Herbst 1797), cited as Calcar “ variabilis” by Gebien (1906) with attribution of the name to Fabricius, 1801. Two new synonyms are recognized, therefore, for Centorus elongatus (Herbst 1797): Calcar variabilis Gebien, 1906, syn. nov. (an unavailable subsequent usage of Tenebrio variolosus Fabricius, 1801), and Tenebrio variolosus Fabricius, 1801, syn. nov. (a junior subjective synonym).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/712FF769FF86907BFF7C665C06B1F84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferrer, Julio;Holston, Kevin	Ferrer, Julio, Holston, Kevin (2009): Identities of Tenebrio Linnaeus types at Uppsala, and the resulting changes in old darkling beetle names (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa 2308 (1): 29-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2308.1.2
